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| author | Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 29 Nov 2017 16:55:37 +0100 |
| parents | 22d6a63640c6 |
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<?xml version="1.0"?> <archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" > <info> <author>Morelli, Gregorio</author> <title>Scala di tutte le scienze et arti</title> <date>1567</date> <place>Venice</place> <translator></translator> <lang>it</lang> <cvs_file>morel_scala_038_it_1567.xml</cvs_file> <cvs_version></cvs_version> <locator>038.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb xlink:href="038/01/001.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.001.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/001/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>SCALA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>DI TVTTE LE<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>SCIENZE, ET ARTI <lb></lb>DELL'EC CELLENTE MEDICO <lb></lb>ET FILOSOFO<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>MESSER GREGORIO MORELLI, <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI:<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>il contenuto delle quali ſi legge nel fine della Tauola.<emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>OPERA D'VTILE ET DI DILETTATIONE <lb></lb>a tutti i Filoſofi, coſi diuini, come matematici, morali <lb></lb>& naturali; & a tutti gli artefici, coſi <lb></lb>liberali, come mecanici.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.001.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/001/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>CON PRIVILEGIO.<emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.001.3.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/001/3.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>IN VINEGIA, APPRESSO GABRIEL <lb></lb>GIOLITO DE' FERRARI. <lb></lb></s> <s>M D LXVII.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/002.jpg"></pb><pb xlink:href="038/01/003.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.003.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/003/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>ALLI MAGNIFICI <lb></lb>ET ILLVSTRI <lb></lb>SIGNORI, <lb></lb>IL SIGNOR GIACOMO, <lb></lb>ET MARCANTONIO <lb></lb>CORNARI, PATRONI <lb></lb>MIEI OSSERVANDISSIMI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.003.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/003/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>A<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>N<emph type="roman"></emph>TICA OPINIO<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>ne fu d'alcuni, che l'or <lb></lb>dine fuſſe l'anima di <lb></lb>tutto l'uniuerſo; di ma <lb></lb>niera, che hanno detto <lb></lb>il Mondo hauer'hauuto principio: per<lb></lb>cioche d'inordinate, che erano le coſe, fu<lb></lb>rono dalla prima confuſione tratte, & <lb></lb>ordinatamente diſpoſte; quaſi, che uo-<pb xlink:href="038/01/004.jpg"></pb>leſſero dire, che la perfettione delle coſe <lb></lb>conſiſta gran parte nell'ordine. </s> <s>Et per <lb></lb>dir il uero, quando con la mente riguar<lb></lb>do, Magnifici Signori, la diſpoſitione <lb></lb>delle coſe naturali, & anco per mezo di <lb></lb>queſte m'innalzo alla contemplatione del<lb></lb>le Diuine, ueggo l'ordine eſſere ueramen<lb></lb>te proprietà di tal ualore, & forza, che <lb></lb>le Diuine ſono da Iddio col mezo ſuo <lb></lb>immortalate. </s> <s>Et che le naturali pari<lb></lb>mente durano tanto, quanto dell'ordine <lb></lb>una minima parte in eſſe ſi ritroua. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>quanto più perfettamente ſono ordinate, <lb></lb>tanto più perfette attioni operano. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>quanto meno, tanto meno parimente <lb></lb>oprar ſi uedono. </s> <s>Et che ciò ſia il uero, <lb></lb>eccoui l'eſſempio dell'huomo, nel quale <lb></lb>deueno due maniere d'ordini ritrouarſi <lb></lb>perfette. </s> <s>L'una tra le quattro prime <lb></lb>qualità, l'altra tra l'intelletto, & i ſenſi, <pb xlink:href="038/01/005.jpg"></pb>cioè, che le qualità ſeruono tra loro il pro<lb></lb>prio, & natural tenore, & l'intelletto <lb></lb>predomini à ſenſi. </s> <s>Et mentre l'huomo <lb></lb>poſſede queſti due ordini, opera attioni <lb></lb>da huomo: mentre anco ò l'uno, ò l'altro <lb></lb>è interrotto, le ſue opere, & attioni cor<lb></lb>riſpondono al diſordine. </s> <s>Onde all'inde<lb></lb>bolito ordine ſeguono attioni deboli: al <lb></lb>corrotto, attioni corrotte; alla diſtruttio<lb></lb>ne di eſſo ſegue parimente la diſtruttione, <lb></lb>& delle attioni, & dell'huomo inſieme. <lb></lb></s> <s>L'iſteſſo ueder ſi può nelle Republiche <lb></lb>lequali ſono apunto imagini dell'ordine <lb></lb>intrinſeco dell'huomo. </s> <s>Percioche ſono <lb></lb>giudicate quelle Republiche perfette, che <lb></lb>ottimamente ſono ordinate, Ne laſciano, <lb></lb>che tra i loro membri naſca diſordine. <lb></lb></s> <s>Poßiamo medeſimamente ueder l'effetto <lb></lb>dell'ordine nelle Famiglie, lequali, men<lb></lb>tre che uiuono ordinatamente, ſecondo <pb xlink:href="038/01/006.jpg"></pb>che ſi conuiene, ſono felici, & honorate. <lb></lb></s> <s>Se anco intrauiene altrimenti, uiuono per <lb></lb>lo contrario infelici, & diſonorate. </s> <s>On<lb></lb>de di quanta eccellenza, & forza ſia l'or <lb></lb>dine in tutte le coſe, euidentemente appa<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>Però in tutto non è da sprezzare <lb></lb>l'opinione di coloro, che diſſero l'ordine <lb></lb>eſſere l'anima del mondo. </s> <s>Ilche conſi<lb></lb>derando io, & deſideroſo di uedere che <lb></lb>coſa internamente foſſe queſto ordine, mi <lb></lb>ſono ingegnato parte di contemplare l'or<lb></lb>dine della Natura, parte quello delle <lb></lb>coſe artificiali, parte ancora di leggere gli <lb></lb>ſcritti di molti, che hanno di lui dotta<lb></lb>mente parlato, & col medeſimo hanno <lb></lb>le ſcienze deſcritte, affine di farne un bre <lb></lb>uißimo ritratto, ſotto forma d'una Scala, <lb></lb>laquale adoprata nelle arti, & ſcienze, <lb></lb>conduceſſe l'huomo alla perfetta cognitio<lb></lb>ne di loro. </s> <s>Laquale hauendo ridotta in <pb xlink:href="038/01/007.jpg"></pb>aſſai conueneuol forma, ho inſieme deli<lb></lb>berato di farne dono à uoi Magnifici Si<lb></lb>gnori, parendomi di non hauere tra tutti i <lb></lb>miei padroni, à chi più conueniſſe il ritr at <lb></lb>to dell'ordine, che à uoi; hauendo però <lb></lb>riguardo ſolo alla dignità del ſuggetto, <lb></lb>& non all'opra mia, ne ho giudicati uoi <lb></lb>degnißimi, perche poſſedete perfettamen<lb></lb>te li due ordini, che di già habbiamo det<lb></lb>to ritrouarſi nell'huomo compiuto. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>perche ancor ſete membri della uoſtra Re<lb></lb>publica, laquale nell'ordine auanza le più <lb></lb>ordinate, che fuſſero già mai. </s> <s>Et però <lb></lb>ancor nel conſeruarſi lungamente ſupera <lb></lb>di gran lunga ogni altra; Et perche ſete di <lb></lb>quella famiglia, che nella uoſtra città ri<lb></lb>luce à guiſa d'un Sole fra le Stelle, & di <lb></lb>ricchezze, & di nobiltà. </s> <s>Di nobiltà, <lb></lb>eſſendo ella diſceſa da quel gran Cornelio <lb></lb>Scipione. </s> <s>Di ricchezze, hauendo ella, <pb xlink:href="038/01/008.jpg"></pb>conle ſue ampie facoltà, non ſolo alla uo<lb></lb>ſtra ſerenißima Republica, ma etiandio <lb></lb>à Sommi Pontefici, & infiniti altri Si<lb></lb>gnori dato ſuffragio, come ognun ſa ſenza <lb></lb>ch'io ne renda teſtimonianza alcuna; mi <lb></lb>è finalmente parſo conuenirui queſta mia <lb></lb>Scala; perche particolarmente ſete diſceſi <lb></lb>d'uno Auolo, padre ueramente de gli or <lb></lb>dini, ilquale dal naſcimento hauendo ot<lb></lb>tenuto ottimo ordine tra l'intelletto, & <lb></lb>li ſenſi, & peßimo tra le qualità, paren<lb></lb>doli di non eſſer compiutamente huomo, <lb></lb>col mezo, del uiuer'ordinato, ſi racqui<lb></lb>ſtò di maniera l'ordine de gli humori, che <lb></lb>ha auanzato qualunque in queſta ſorte di <lb></lb>uiuer ſano lungamente; tal che è giunto <lb></lb>all'età di nouantaſette anni, con la inte<lb></lb>grità de' già detti ordini, operando con<lb></lb>tinuamente attioni degne di lui. </s> <s>Niu<lb></lb>no fu mai che più beneficaſſe gli amici, <pb xlink:href="038/01/009.jpg"></pb>nè che con maggior liberalità ſi acquiſtaſ<lb></lb>ſe la beneuolenza di quelli, & con più di<lb></lb>ligenza, & cura la conſeruaſſe di quello, <lb></lb>che ha fatto egli. </s> <s>Benefattore fu ſempre <lb></lb>egli di tutti coloro, che tanto, ò quanto ſi <lb></lb>leuano da terra per qualche uirtù. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>tale è stato, in concluſione, il ſuo proce<lb></lb>dere di uita, che più ſi ha egli da dolere <lb></lb>di non hauer trouato ſcrittore, che hab<lb></lb>bia ſcritta la ſua liberalità, & altezza <lb></lb>d'animo, che gli Hiſtorici di lui, che non <lb></lb>deſſe à loro ſuggetto; onde ſe per hauerſi <lb></lb>il Magnifico Signor Aluigi Cornaro <lb></lb>Auolo uoſtro, poſto à uiuere ordinata<lb></lb>mente per poſſedere gli ordini dell'huomo, <lb></lb>acciò operaſſe da huomo, non dubito pun <lb></lb>to, che uoi Magnifici Signori non hab<lb></lb>biate per conſeruar ſi belli ordini, di che <lb></lb>Iddio Benedetto dal naſcimento ui fece <lb></lb>degni, da ſeguire le ueſtigie dell'Auolo, <pb xlink:href="038/01/010.jpg"></pb>perche con queſti conſeruarete la uoſtra <lb></lb>famiglia nell'honorato stato, in che ſi ri<lb></lb>troua, & darete anco fauore alla conſer<lb></lb>uatione dell'ordine della Serenißima uo<lb></lb>ſtra Republica. </s> <s>Et quello, che m'aßicu<lb></lb>ra di queſto è il uedere, che inſino ad hora <lb></lb>operate opre, & attioni degne dell'Auolo, <lb></lb>& di uoi steßi. </s> <s>Per queſte cagioni dun<lb></lb>que ho giudicato uoi degni di queſta Sca<lb></lb>la di Scienze, & deliberato inſieme, in<lb></lb>ſieme, di faruene dono, affine, che ui <lb></lb>moſtraßi la memoria, che tengo de' bene<lb></lb>fici, che da uoi ho riceuuti, & della fe<lb></lb>del ſeruitù, che da principio ui conſecrai. <lb></lb></s> <s>Mi reſta di pregarui, che ui degnate di <lb></lb>riceuer queſta mia fatica, con quell'ani<lb></lb>mo, che il gran Re di Perſia Artaſerſe <lb></lb>riceuè l'acqua dal Contadino preſenta<lb></lb>tali con la mano, Ne mi diffido punto, <lb></lb>di non ottenere il medeſimo da uoi, ha-<pb xlink:href="038/01/011.jpg"></pb>uendoui iſperimentati per benigni, & <lb></lb>humani in qualunche attione. </s> <s>Et hu<lb></lb>milmente le baſcio le mani. </s> <s>Di Pa<lb></lb>doua, ai XVIII. d'Aprile. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>M D LXVII. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>DiV. </s> <s>Magnificenze </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Perpetuo, & humil Seruitore </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Gregorio Morelli. </s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/012.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.012.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/012/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>TAVOLA DELLE <lb></lb>COSE PIV NOTABILI <lb></lb>CONTENVTE NELLA <lb></lb>PRESENTE <lb></lb>OPERA.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.012.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/012/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>ACCIDENTI<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> di <lb></lb>quante ſorti. <emph type="roman"></emph>89<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Adiacenti qual ſie<lb></lb>no. </s> <s>a carte. <emph type="roman"></emph>149<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Altra diffinitione della diuiſio<lb></lb>ne. <emph type="roman"></emph>169<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Altra diſtintione dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"></emph>13<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Animali brutti come diſcorri<lb></lb>no. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Argomenti di quante ſorte ſie<lb></lb>no. <emph type="roman"></emph>129<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Arguta riſpoſta di Socrate. <emph type="roman"></emph>133<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ariſtotile perche poſe tre ſorte <lb></lb>di Sillogismi e non piu ne <lb></lb>meno. <emph type="roman"></emph>128<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Arte & modo del medicare co<lb></lb>me s'imparino. <emph type="roman"></emph>41<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Attion del ſenſo commune. <emph type="roman"></emph>190<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Attione della fantaſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>190<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Atto di Zenone. <emph type="roman"></emph>155<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>B<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>BISOGNI<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> degli inſtru<lb></lb>menti, circa alle ſcienze. <emph type="roman"></emph>4<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>C<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>CAVSE<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> effettrici della <lb></lb>ſanità. </s> <s>à car. <emph type="roman"></emph>57<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Cauſe <expan abbr="quãte">quante</expan> ſieno et quali. <emph type="roman"></emph>151<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Che la riſolutione non ſia ſotto<lb></lb>poſta alla compoſitione ſi pro<lb></lb>ua con ſalde ragioni. <emph type="roman"></emph>32<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Colori retorici. <emph type="roman"></emph>203<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Come da gli indouini ſi poſſa <lb></lb>uenir in cognitione di una na <lb></lb>tura comune col mezzo della <lb></lb>riſolutione. <emph type="roman"></emph>141<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Come debiamo ſar la riſolutione <lb></lb>ſecondo Ariſtotile. <emph type="roman"></emph>60<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Come la diffinitione del ſine con <lb></lb>uenga alle operationi. <emph type="roman"></emph>45<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Come l'intelletto ſi ſerua del<lb></lb>l'uniuerſale. <emph type="roman"></emph>182<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Come ſi puo conoſcere quando la <lb></lb>diffinitione ſia cauſale e non <lb></lb>formale. <emph type="roman"></emph>166<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõparatione">Comparatione</expan> come ſi facci. <emph type="roman"></emph>155<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Compoſitione reale di quante <pb xlink:href="038/01/013.jpg"></pb><lb></lb>ſorti ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>68<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Communità quante ſiano. <emph type="roman"></emph>143<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Coniugati e loro uſo. <emph type="roman"></emph>149<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Compoſitione di quante ſpecie <lb></lb>ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>67<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõtingẽti">Contingenti</expan> et loro diuiſione. <emph type="roman"></emph>154<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõuerſione">Conuerſione</expan> di propoſitione. <emph type="roman"></emph>110<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><expan abbr="Cõuerſione">Conuerſione</expan> per l'impoßibile. <emph type="roman"></emph>121<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Coſe natur ali qual ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>78<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>D<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>DA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> qual fine ſi cominci a <lb></lb>riſoluere e da qual cono <lb></lb>ſcere. <emph type="roman"></emph>51<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dechiaratione dei luoghi. <emph type="roman"></emph>146<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Del ſecondo adiacente. <emph type="roman"></emph>105<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Demoſtratione e ſuo uſo. <emph type="roman"></emph>134<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Demoſtratione demoſtratiua e <lb></lb>ſue ſpecie. <emph type="roman"></emph>135<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Demoſtratione dal primo all'ul<lb></lb>timo. <emph type="roman"></emph>136<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Denominatiui. <emph type="roman"></emph>161<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dialettica con quale ordine fu <lb></lb>trattata da Ariſtotile. <emph type="roman"></emph>63<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la riſolutione <lb></lb>reale & quella fatta dall'in<lb></lb>telletto. <emph type="roman"></emph>36<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra il Metodo e gli <lb></lb>ordini. <emph type="roman"></emph>87<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la riſolutione <lb></lb>propria & perfetta, & la im <lb></lb>perfetta, & impropria. <emph type="roman"></emph>38<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra l'eſperimento et <lb></lb>i metodi. <emph type="roman"></emph>181<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra diſcrittione e <lb></lb><lb></lb>diffinitione. <emph type="roman"></emph>162<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la compoſitione, <lb></lb>& la riſolutione. <emph type="roman"></emph>68<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra l'ordine compo<lb></lb>ſitiuo & il Metodo. <emph type="roman"></emph>76<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra la eſtimatiua e <lb></lb>cogitatiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>191<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenza tra il predicamen<lb></lb>to & il predicato. <emph type="roman"></emph>102<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Differenze del luogo. <emph type="roman"></emph>153<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"></emph>10<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione a che coſa ſerua. <emph type="roman"></emph>35<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione della filoſofia. <emph type="roman"></emph>78<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione quidditatiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>163<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione per <expan abbr="aditamẽto">aditamento</expan>. <emph type="roman"></emph>164<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione della medicina ſe<lb></lb>condo Galeno. <emph type="roman"></emph>78<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione della uia. <emph type="roman"></emph>85<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinition nominale. <emph type="roman"></emph>159<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>146<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione eſſentiale. <emph type="roman"></emph>163<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'eſperimento. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>281<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>160<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'anima. <emph type="roman"></emph>187<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"></emph>10<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diffinitione compoſitione e riſo<lb></lb>lutione come ſieno diſtinte. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>18<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dimoſtratione quante propoſi<lb></lb>tioni habbia & come ſi chia<lb></lb>mino. <emph type="roman"></emph>92<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dimoſtratione a che ſerua. <emph type="roman"></emph>91<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dimoſtrationi come ſi uariano. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>93<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Di quale ſorte d'oratione ſi puo <pb xlink:href="038/01/014.jpg"></pb><lb></lb>ſeruire il logico. <emph type="roman"></emph>103<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diſcorſi di quante ſorti. <emph type="roman"></emph>183<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diſcorſo imperfetto. <emph type="roman"></emph>185<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dittioni della prima ſeconda e <lb></lb>tertia figura de ſillogismi. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>116<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione degli accidenti. <emph type="roman"></emph>150<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione de dieci Predicamen<lb></lb>ti. <emph type="roman"></emph>101<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione come ſi difiniſca da <lb></lb>Ariſtotile. <emph type="roman"></emph>168<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione perche difficile. <emph type="roman"></emph>168<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione del ſillogismo. <emph type="roman"></emph>113<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione de' modi dell'inſegna <lb></lb>re & loro origine. <emph type="roman"></emph>198<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione della uoce. <emph type="roman"></emph>97<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione de ſuggetti. <emph type="roman"></emph>151<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Diuiſione perche non deue eſſer <lb></lb>poſta tra gli ordini uniuer<lb></lb>ſali. <emph type="roman"></emph>6<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dottrine ordinate quante ſieno <lb></lb>ſecondo Galeno. <emph type="roman"></emph>19<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dubitatione intorno al naſcere <lb></lb>degli inſtrumenti. <emph type="roman"></emph>200<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>E<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>ENVNCIATIONE<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>uniuerſale & particolare <lb></lb>come ſi diuida. <emph type="roman"></emph>104<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Enunciatione di che ſia com<lb></lb>poſta. <emph type="roman"></emph>104<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Enunciatione come ſi diuida. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>104<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Epilogatione di tutto quello che <lb></lb>s'è dette. <emph type="roman"></emph>307<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Epilogation delle coſe ſudette. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>192<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio fiſico nella prima figu<lb></lb>ra. <emph type="roman"></emph>117<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio del terzo & quarto <lb></lb>modo. <emph type="roman"></emph>119<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio. <emph type="roman"></emph>140<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio dell'ordine riſolutiuo. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>34<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio filoſofico circa alla ri<lb></lb>ſolutione. <emph type="roman"></emph>62<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio del ſecondo modo. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio dell'ordine compoſiti<lb></lb>uo. <emph type="roman"></emph>35<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio dell'ordine riſolutiuo. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>49<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſempio della differenza tra <lb></lb>l'ordine compoſitiuo & il ri<lb></lb>ſolutiuo. <emph type="roman"></emph>70<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſſornationi di ſentenze. <emph type="roman"></emph>203<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Eſtremità de Sillogismi. <emph type="roman"></emph>113<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Etimologia. <emph type="roman"></emph>154<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Euento che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>152<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>F<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>FIGVRA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> di Sillogismi. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>114<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fine in quanti modi ſi puo chia <lb></lb>mare ſecondo Galeno. <emph type="roman"></emph>45<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fine che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>42<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fini dell'arti. <emph type="roman"></emph>44<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>G<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>GAMBE<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> della medicina. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>27<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Generee ſpecie come in parte <lb></lb>conuengono et in parte diffe <lb></lb>riſcono. <emph type="roman"></emph>148<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Gl'inuentori de Sillogismi che <lb></lb><expan abbr="indirittamẽte">indirittamente</expan> <expan abbr="cõcludono">concludono</expan>. <emph type="roman"></emph>125<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/015.jpg"></pb><p type="main"> <s>Gradi della ſeconda figura. <emph type="roman"></emph>120<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Gradi di uiuenti. <emph type="roman"></emph>189<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>H<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>HA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>Bitudine delle coſe. </s> <s>a <lb></lb>car. <emph type="roman"></emph>22<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>I<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>IL<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> matematico ci puo ſerui<lb></lb>re dell'ordine riſolutiuo ma <lb></lb>non del metedo. <emph type="roman"></emph>66<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Imperfettione dell'huomo. <emph type="roman"></emph>75<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>In che modo caminano inſieme <lb></lb>la diuiſione & la riſolutio<lb></lb>ne. <emph type="roman"></emph>64<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inclinatione accidentale. <emph type="roman"></emph>15<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inclinatione eſſentiale. <emph type="roman"></emph>15<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Induttione che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>131<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>In quanti modi ſi puo hauere <lb></lb>cognition d'una coſa. <emph type="roman"></emph>71<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inſtrumenti dechiaratiui di <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>te ſorte ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>84<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inſtrumento eſperimentale come <lb></lb>ſi fabrichi & come ſi metta <lb></lb>in uſo. <emph type="roman"></emph>181<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inſtrumento perfetto qual ſia. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>180<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inſtrumento che ſerue al diſcor<lb></lb>ſo della ſenſitiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>194<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inſtrumento onde dependa. <emph type="roman"></emph>4<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Inſtrumento eſperimetale. <emph type="roman"></emph>281<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>L<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>LA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> compoſitione è piu diffi <lb></lb>cile nell'arti che nelle <expan abbr="ſciẽ">ſciem</expan> <lb></lb>ze & perche. <emph type="roman"></emph>74<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>La coſa ſubordinata ad un'altra <lb></lb>è men degna di quella a che <lb></lb>è ſubordinata. <emph type="roman"></emph>31<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>La<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> riſolutione è ſempre prima <lb></lb>degli ordini. <emph type="roman"></emph>30<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>L'artefice deue eſſer imitatore <lb></lb>della natura. <emph type="roman"></emph>29<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Le differenze, in qual modo ſer <lb></lb>uono alla diuiſione. <emph type="roman"></emph>170<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Le ſei coſe non naturali quali <lb></lb>ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>49<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Le ſei coſe non naturali, con <lb></lb>qual ordine ſi deuino tratta<lb></lb>re. <emph type="roman"></emph>57<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Locutione che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>202<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Lode del Bellacati. <emph type="roman"></emph>179<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Luoghi differenti. <emph type="roman"></emph>157<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Luoghie loro diuiſioni. <emph type="roman"></emph>144<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Luogo. <emph type="roman"></emph>152<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Luogo che coſa ſia <emph type="roman"></emph>141<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>M<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>ME<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>dicina come ſi diffini<lb></lb>ſca ſecondo Hippocra<lb></lb>te. <emph type="roman"></emph>166<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Membri della locutione. <emph type="roman"></emph>202<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Meta del ſofiſta. <emph type="roman"></emph>132<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Metodi quanti ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>87<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Metodo. <emph type="roman"></emph>6<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Metodo contiene ordine. <emph type="roman"></emph>16<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Metodo in quanti modi ſi pi<lb></lb>glia. <emph type="roman"></emph>84<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Metodo diffinitiuo quanto ſia ne <lb></lb>ceſſario. <emph type="roman"></emph>168<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Metodo diffinitiuo di quanta <lb></lb>utilità ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>158<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Mezo termine come ſi truoui. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>139<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modi che naſcono dal tempo & <lb></lb>dalla coſa. <emph type="roman"></emph>199<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/016.jpg"></pb><p type="main"> <s>Modi che naſcono dall'inſegna<lb></lb>to. <emph type="roman"></emph>199<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modi communi alla ſcrittura & <lb></lb>locutione. <emph type="roman"></emph>202<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modi della complicatione. <emph type="roman"></emph>205<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modi della terza figura. <emph type="roman"></emph>122<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modo appoſtematico. <emph type="roman"></emph>205<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modo onde primieramente di<lb></lb>penda. <emph type="roman"></emph>201<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modo ingematico. <emph type="roman"></emph>205<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modo prouerbiale. <emph type="roman"></emph>206<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Modo afforiſtico. <emph type="roman"></emph>205<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>N<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>NA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>tura della diuiſione. <emph type="roman"></emph>3<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Natura del ſuogetto. <emph type="roman"></emph>90<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Natura inuentrice dell'ordine. <emph type="roman"></emph>8<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>O<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>OP<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>poſiti quali ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>157<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Oppoſitioni di propoſitio<lb></lb>ni. <emph type="roman"></emph>108<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Oppoſitioni di uoci. <emph type="roman"></emph>102<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine. <emph type="roman"></emph>6<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine proprio. <emph type="roman"></emph>11<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine quanto ſia neceſſario <lb></lb>nel trattare delle ſcienze <emph type="roman"></emph>7<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine compoſitiuo & diffiniti <lb></lb>uo non ſono ſuperflui ma ne<lb></lb>ceſſarij. <emph type="roman"></emph>25<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine particolare. <emph type="roman"></emph>12<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine riſolutiuo piu utile di <lb></lb>tutti. <emph type="roman"></emph>28<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine quando nelle coſe non <lb></lb>è neceſſario. <emph type="roman"></emph>53<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine uniuerſale. <emph type="roman"></emph>12<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine diffinitiuo che coſa ſia. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>43<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine riſolutiuo onde comin<lb></lb>ci. <emph type="roman"></emph>23<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine uſato da Ariſtotile. <emph type="roman"></emph>55<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine proprio & improprio. <lb></lb>acar. <emph type="roman"></emph>11<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine compoſitiuo nella medi <lb></lb>cina d'onde cominci. <emph type="roman"></emph>76<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine diffinitiuo come diffe<lb></lb>riſca dagli altri ordini. <emph type="roman"></emph>36<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ordine eſſentiale è di due ſor<lb></lb>ti. <emph type="roman"></emph>16<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>P<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>PA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>rti ignote quali ſiano. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>169<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Paßi della ſcala. <emph type="roman"></emph>6<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Perche i generi non ſi diuidona <lb></lb>per opoſition relatiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>140<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Percbe queſt'opera ſia intitolata <lb></lb>ſcala delle ſcienze, & arti. <lb></lb></s> <s>a carte. <emph type="roman"></emph>2<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Per qual cauſa Auicenna ha <lb></lb>cominciato da gli elementi <lb></lb>& non da medicamenti. <emph type="roman"></emph>56<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Potenza eſteriore. <emph type="roman"></emph>189<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Potenza eſtimatiua ouero cogi<lb></lb>tatiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>191<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Potenza memoratiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>191<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Potenza interiore. <emph type="roman"></emph>190<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Potenze & attioni dell'anima <lb></lb>uegetale. <emph type="roman"></emph>189<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Potenze della ſenſitiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>189<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Potenze dell'anima. <emph type="roman"></emph>189<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Predicatione in quanti modi ſi <lb></lb>facci. <emph type="roman"></emph>100<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Predicate ſoſtantiali, ſemplici, <lb></lb>e compoſiti. <emph type="roman"></emph>143<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/017.jpg"></pb><p type="main"> <s>Principij di quante ſorte ſiano. <lb></lb>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>70<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Principij matematici. <emph type="roman"></emph>72<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Prima ſenſatione. <emph type="roman"></emph>182<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Pronunciati qual ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>155<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Propoſitione di primo adiacen<lb></lb>te. <emph type="roman"></emph>105<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Propoſitioni modali. <emph type="roman"></emph>105<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Propoſitioni Ippotetice. <emph type="roman"></emph>100<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Proceſſo della riſolutione. <emph type="roman"></emph>66<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Propoſitioni probabili. <emph type="roman"></emph>132<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Propoſitioni neceſſarie. <emph type="roman"></emph>111<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>Q<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>QVAI<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> modi naſcano da <lb></lb>colui ch'inſegna <emph type="roman"></emph>198<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quando ſia neceſſario a ſeruirne <lb></lb><expan abbr="dell'oppoſitiõ">dell'oppoſitiom</expan> negatiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>171<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quante ſorte d'ordine ſi puo <lb></lb>conſiderare in ogni arte di <lb></lb>ſcienza. <emph type="roman"></emph>52.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quarta figura perche uana <lb></lb>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>126<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Queſta figura de ſillogismi co<lb></lb>me ſi poſſa far ſecondo Ga<lb></lb>leno. <emph type="roman"></emph>126<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quiui ſi riſolue un bel dubbio. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>50<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>R<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>RI<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>ſolutione qual ſia <emph type="roman"></emph>39<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione da qual ſpecie <lb></lb>di fini cominci. <emph type="roman"></emph>46<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione impropria. <emph type="roman"></emph>37<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione della medicina. <emph type="roman"></emph>56<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione uſata da Galeno ſe<lb></lb><lb></lb>condo alcuni. <emph type="roman"></emph>39<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione che coſa ſia & a che <lb></lb>ſerua. <emph type="roman"></emph>140<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione che denoti. <emph type="roman"></emph>36<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione del Grammatico. <emph type="roman"></emph>63<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione del Logico. <emph type="roman"></emph>63<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione matematica <emph type="roman"></emph>65<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolutione di teoremi, onde co<lb></lb>minci. <emph type="roman"></emph>43<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolution matematica. <emph type="roman"></emph>174<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolution logica. <emph type="roman"></emph>174<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſolution propria. <emph type="roman"></emph>37<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>S<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>SA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>nità come ſi ricupera. <emph type="roman"></emph>58<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Scrittura che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>202<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sei modi ſimplici ſi poſſon uſar <lb></lb>ſeparatamente. <emph type="roman"></emph>206<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sillogiſmo ſoſiſtico. <emph type="roman"></emph>132<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sillogismo in quanti modi ſi con <lb></lb>ſideri. <emph type="roman"></emph>112<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sillogismo da quanti terminira <lb></lb>ſulti. <emph type="roman"></emph>95<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sillogiſmo che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>112<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Sillogiſmo topico <emph type="roman"></emph>130<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Similitudine come ſi truoui. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>156<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Si proua che la dottrina non è <lb></lb>ordine & che la diffinitione, <lb></lb>compoſitione & riſolatione <lb></lb>ſono ordini, e non dottri<lb></lb>ne. <emph type="roman"></emph>19<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Specie di animali. <emph type="roman"></emph>189<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Specie degli inſtrumenti quan<lb></lb>te ſiano. </s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/018.jpg"></pb><p type="main"> <s>Specie dell'anima. <emph type="roman"></emph>187<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Specie delli inſtrumenti. <emph type="roman"></emph>180<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Specie de gli inſtrumenti quante <lb></lb>ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>6<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Suggetto che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>151<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>T<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>TAPPO<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> che coſa ſia. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>180<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Tempo e ſue diuiſioni. <emph type="roman"></emph>153<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Teoremi particolari quali ſieno <lb></lb>appreſſo Auicenna. <emph type="roman"></emph>52<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Termini del ſillogismo. <emph type="roman"></emph>113<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Termini logicali quanti ſieno <lb></lb>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>96<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>V<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>VI<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>rtù imaginatiua. <emph type="roman"></emph>190<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vniuoci. <emph type="roman"></emph>101<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vniuerſale qual ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>99<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Voce quante ſieno. <emph type="roman"></emph>98<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Voce artificiale. <emph type="roman"></emph>97<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Voce della ſeconda intentione. <lb></lb></s> <s>a car. <emph type="roman"></emph>98<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Voce della prima intentione. <emph type="roman"></emph>98<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Voce che coſa ſia. <emph type="roman"></emph>97<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Vſo della induttione. <emph type="roman"></emph>194<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>IL FINE DELLA TAVOLA DELLE COSE <lb></lb>NOTABILI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.018.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/018/1.jpg"></figure><pb xlink:href="038/01/019.jpg"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>ERRORI CORSI NELLO <lb></lb>STAMPARE.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>Car. </s> <s>2. lin. 7. trattenerai leggi, trattenerſi 7.15. accreſca <lb></lb>accreſce. </s> <s>10.16. deſciuere, deſcriuere. </s> <s>17.17. lucidi <lb></lb>ſcritti, luce de' ſcritti. </s> <s>19.19. moſtrarmi, moſtrarui. <lb></lb></s> <s>20.26. de', di. </s> <s>21.12. uiui. </s> <s>contradirebbono, leua uia <lb></lb>il punto. </s> <s>30.10. proponeſle, preponeſſe. </s> <s>34.19. altri, <lb></lb>altre 37.9. incominciaua, incomincia. </s> <s>44.13. adoſſo, <lb></lb>adeſſo. </s> <s>44.14 ſueglierò, ſcioglierò. </s> <s>55.17. accenderui, <lb></lb>aſcenderui. </s> <s>67. ult. </s> <s>primi, prime. </s> <s>69.27. lodaſſe, lodaſte. <lb></lb></s> <s>70.6. finiſſe, finiſce. </s> <s>71.10. cognitioni, cognitione 73. <lb></lb>23. eredo, credo. </s> <s>78.19. medicianle, medicinale. </s> <s>78.ult. <lb></lb></s> <s>inprincipiati, 1 principiati. </s> <s>86.24 differetne, differente. <lb></lb></s> <s>85.1. ſommamnete, ſommamente. </s> <s>85.7 documenij, <lb></lb>documenti. </s> <s>87.4. deſciuere, deſcriuere. </s> <s>88.12. ſeguire, <lb></lb>ſeguite. </s> <s>88.16. Paripatetici, Peripatetici. </s> <s>93.25. giornoi, <lb></lb>giorno. </s> <s>102.11. contradittioni, contradittione. </s> <s>105.14. <lb></lb>adiacento, adiacente. </s> <s>116.6. che la, che ſe la. </s> <s>116.21. <lb></lb>Ci, Si. </s> <s>124. 8. ſegui, ſegue. </s> <s>128.23. Tutti tutte. </s> <s>135. <lb></lb>16. Demoſtroſtratiua, demoſtratiua. </s> <s>143.9. accidentali, <lb></lb>accidentali. </s> <s>154.21. morralità, mortalità. </s> <s>163.4. ſcitto<lb></lb>ri, ſcrittori. </s> <s>165 23. più ue, più ne. </s> <s>166 2. à la, è la. </s> <s>176. <lb></lb>10. Iappo, Tappo. </s> <s>185.20. dal cane, del cane. </s> <s>196.14. <lb></lb>ſtara, ſtaua. </s> <s>199 15. e le prouette, gli prouetti. </s> <s>193.9. <lb></lb>che li compoſiti, che l'Empirici. </s> <s>193.23. talche farà esqui <lb></lb>lio, talche diſcorerà. </s> <s>193.23. il diſcorſo del intelletto, <lb></lb>il diſcorſo del intelletto, & la eſperienza tanto farà. </s> <s>193. <lb></lb>27. con una medeſima corona, con una medeſima ſcarpa. <lb></lb></s> <s>193.28. ma ſecondo tale indicationi diſſe, ma ſecondo <lb></lb>le indicationi, che. </s> <s>194.1. e per che, per queſto. </s> <s>194.2. <lb></lb>l'Eccellente Marcandon Antonio montagnana, l'Eccellen<lb></lb>te Marco Montagnana perche muta. </s> <s>203.15. le eſſortatio <lb></lb>ni, le eſſornationi. </s> <s>206 27. menco, manco.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/020.jpg"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.020.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/020/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>SETTIONI <lb></lb>DELLA PRESENTE <lb></lb>OPERA.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.020.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/020/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>NELLA prima Settione ſi di<lb></lb>ſcorre de'tre Ordini.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>Nella ſeconda ſi tratta de' quattro <lb></lb>Metodi:<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>Nella terza ſi ragiona de gli iſtro<lb></lb>menti iſperimentali.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>Nella quarta, & ultima ſono poſti <lb></lb>imodi, & le loro uariationi.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>Et tutti i ſopradetti iſtromenti ſono metaforica<lb></lb>mente compreſi ſotto nome di poggi, <lb></lb>gradi, piano, & paßi <lb></lb>della Scala.<emph.end type="center"></emph.end><lb></lb><figure id="id.038.01.020.3.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/020/3.jpg"></figure></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/021.jpg" pagenum="1"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.021.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/021/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>DELLA SCALA <lb></lb>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb></lb>ET ARTI, <lb></lb>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO, <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>& Filoſofo, Meſſer GREGORIO <lb></lb>MORELLI. <lb></lb>SETTION PRIMA. <lb></lb>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.021.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/021/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>TOMITANO, ET MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>Q<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>V<emph type="roman"></emph>ESTE<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> S<emph type="roman"></emph>CALE,<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>che noi hora aſcendia<lb></lb>mo, mifanno ſouenire, <lb></lb>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OMITANO<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> mio, <lb></lb>d'una promeſſa, che gia <lb></lb>due giorni mi faceſte, <lb></lb>ragionando io di alcune <lb></lb>arti le quali, dai principij in poi, non ſi poſ<lb></lb>ſono per regola inſegnare, ne dare ad intendere, <pb xlink:href="038/01/022.jpg" pagenum="2"></pb>perche ne anche colui, che ne è conſumatißi<lb></lb>mo le pone in opera con ordine alcuno, & uoi <lb></lb>mi dimandaſte quali erano cotali arti, & io <lb></lb>ui dißi tra queſte, eſſere una la Pittura, & mi <lb></lb>prometteſte di moſtrarmi la ſcala, per la qua <lb></lb>le ogni ſorte di ſcienze ordinatamente cami<lb></lb>na. </s> <s>Hor mò che per lo ſpeſſo trattenerai con <lb></lb>amici diuerſi non ſi è tra noi promoſſa anco<lb></lb>ra materia alcuna ſecondo l'uſo noſtro, di gra <lb></lb>tia fatemi hoggi queſto fauore, quale uera<lb></lb>mente terrò fra i maggiori, che da huomo <lb></lb>mai mi foſſero fatti T<emph type="roman"></emph>OMIT.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tal materia <lb></lb>ſarebbe lunga, & poco diletteuole M<emph type="roman"></emph>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>mio, ſe di eſſa hora me ne faceſte ragionare, <lb></lb>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io mi farò un Metamorfoſi in <lb></lb>un patiente, & me la paſſerò. </s> <s>Horsù comin <lb></lb>ciate ui prego T<emph type="roman"></emph>OMITA.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La promeſſa è <lb></lb>debita, nobile è la richieſta, & però al fi<lb></lb>ne non ue la poſſo negare M<emph type="roman"></emph>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è, hor dite T<emph type="roman"></emph>OMIT.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La ſcala delle ſcien<lb></lb>ze, della quale hora parlar uogliamo, accio <lb></lb>ſappiate, è quello iſtrumento delle dottrine di <lb></lb>che tanto parlarono, & tanto fecero stima <lb></lb>gli antichi; il quale à propoſito noſtro perche <lb></lb>à punto per certi gradimi conduce alla cogni<lb></lb>tione delle coſe ſarà in forma d'una ſcala, che <lb></lb>uſata da noi per la diſtintione de' ſuoi gradi <lb></lb>ne inalzerà al ſommo della intelligenza hu-<pb xlink:href="038/01/023.jpg" pagenum="3"></pb>mana. </s> <s>Per tanto fa di biſogno, che uolendo <lb></lb>intendere la perfettione di queſto inſtrumento, <lb></lb>ueniamo alla diuiſione di cotal genere, & coſi <lb></lb>n'indirizziamo à ciaſcuna parte di eſſo, & <lb></lb>da indi in poi, per le differenze proprie alle <lb></lb>ſpetie ſpetialißime finalmente terminiamo. <lb></lb></s> <s>In natura della diuiſione è di ſmembrare il <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>genere per le differenze non ſolo oppoſite, ma <lb></lb>proprie, & eſſentiali, tratte dalla definitio<lb></lb>ne di eſſo genere ſmembrato. </s> <s>Onde è neceſſa<lb></lb>rio prima deſinire, & poſcia con l'artifitio del <lb></lb>la diuiſione ſpartire il ſudetto genere nelle ſue <lb></lb>ſpetie. </s> <s>Queſta ſcala adunque, è inſtrumento <lb></lb>della coſa iſtrutta, ordinata, diſpoſta, & in<lb></lb>ſegnata, poi che mi riſoluo di non uolere accet<lb></lb>tare le differenze da altri, che dalle coſe iſtrut <lb></lb>te; concioſiache l'eſſere dell'inſtrumento delle <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dottrine ſi genera dalle ſcienze, & dalle arti, <lb></lb>nè hà l'eſſere in alcuna altra coſa che in loro, <lb></lb>lequali, ſecondo il biſogno loro ſi ſeruono di <lb></lb>eſſo inſtrumento. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OREL.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mi piace tut<lb></lb>to quello che uoi hauete detto, percioche tut <lb></lb>ti i relatiui (come pare che dica Ariſtotele) <lb></lb>non ſono in ſe steßi, ma in quelli à che ſi rife<lb></lb>riſcono: & però il ſeruo ha l'eſſere dal patro <lb></lb>ne, & il patrone dal ſeruo, & la diuerſità <lb></lb>de' ſerui naſce dalla diuerſita de' patroni, & <lb></lb>parimente per il contrario. </s> <s>Di modo, che tante <pb xlink:href="038/01/024.jpg" pagenum="4"></pb>ſaranno le ſpetie dell'inſtrumento, quante ſa<lb></lb>ranno gli ufficij, & uarij ſeruigij che fanno le <lb></lb>coſe iſtrutte. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tanto è. </s> <s>Hor che laccorto <lb></lb>uoſtro giuditio mi rimuoue dalla dichiaratione <lb></lb>particolare della diffinitione dell'inſtrumen<lb></lb>to, ſenza di eſſa altro dirne, me ne uengo alla <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuiſione del gia detto noſtro iſtrumento. </s> <s>Pa<lb></lb>re adunque dal parlar noſtro che l'iſtrumento <lb></lb>dependa dalla eſſenza, & struttura delle co<lb></lb>ſe, & per queſto alcune ſpetie di tale iſtru<lb></lb>mento ſono state da Dio, & dalla Natura pri <lb></lb>ma uſate, & poi dall'huomo, eßi imitando, <lb></lb>adoprate; ſoggiugnendogli alcune altre trat<lb></lb>te però dalle differenze; cioè dalla struttura <lb></lb>delle coſe, & queſto s'è inſegnato di fare per <lb></lb>li biſogni delle ſcienze, & arti, accioche ogni <lb></lb>biſogno haueſſe il proprio iſtrumento, co'l qua <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg5"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le ſi poteſſe riparare. </s> <s>Per tanto le ſcienze, <lb></lb>& arti ancora, non ſono onninamente conoſciu <lb></lb>te, ne alcune delle loro parti ſcorte; & ecco<lb></lb>ui il biſogno del primo iſtrumento. </s> <s>Oltra di <lb></lb>queſto mancano ancora di diſpoſitione, & pie <lb></lb>ne di confuſione, ſparſe, & da ogni parte islo <lb></lb>gate ne rimangono; & eccoui il biſogno del <lb></lb>ſecondo iſtrumento. </s> <s>Onde per prima conuie<lb></lb>ne hauere due iſtrumenti, percioche due an<lb></lb>che ſono li primi biſogni delle ſcienze, & ar<lb></lb>ti. </s> <s>L'uno cioè, che manifeſti le coſe incognite, <pb xlink:href="038/01/025.jpg" pagenum="5"></pb>& l'altro, che le confuſe ordinatamente ne <lb></lb>diſponga. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto, quantunque que <lb></lb>sti due iſtrumenti ne baſtaſſero per li biſogni <lb></lb>delle ſcienze, in quanto che ſieno, non di me <lb></lb>no fa di biſogno di un altro iſtrumento à fare <lb></lb>che ſieno ſapute dall'huom nel modo, che ſo<lb></lb>no ritrouate, & diſpoſte per mezo delli due <lb></lb>gia detti iſtrumenti, & queſto è quello iſtru<lb></lb>mento che chiamano gli ſcrittori modo di ſa<lb></lb>pere, ò d'inſegnare, che ne uogliam dire. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In uero per quello che mi auuedo, <lb></lb>queſto iſtrumento è molto neceſſario, perche <lb></lb>ſe non foſſe, non sò come queſte uoſtre ſcien<lb></lb>ze caminaſſero per la ſcala, che con li due <lb></lb>primi iſtrumenti far uolete, & ſarebbe ſcala <lb></lb>ſenza ſcienza, che per il uero è impoßibile <lb></lb>che ſia; come è anche impoßibile che l'huo<lb></lb>mo ſia huomo ſenza le ſue parti, & ordine <lb></lb>di quelle; lequai coſe poſſono eſſere ſeparata<lb></lb>mente l'una dall'altra conſiderate, ma non <lb></lb>poſſono però eſſere ſe non ſono tutte inſieme. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> è il medeſimo de gli iſtrumenti, & <lb></lb>ſcienze, perche le ſcienze non poſſono eſſere <lb></lb>ſenza iſtrumenti, ne gli iſtrumenti poſſono eſ<lb></lb>ſere ſenza le coſe, ò naturali, ò artificiali, ò <lb></lb>ſopranaturali che ſieno. </s> <s>Tuttauia ciaſcuna <lb></lb>di queſte ſeparatamente poſſono eſſere conſi<lb></lb>derate, & percio noi ſeparatamente de gli <pb xlink:href="038/01/026.jpg" pagenum="6"></pb>iſtrumenti ragionaremo; & ſe delle coſe ne ac <lb></lb>cadera di parlare, uoglio che noi le chiamia<lb></lb>mo indiſſerentemente coſe & ſcienze, & ar<lb></lb>ti, quantunque impropriameute, perche non <lb></lb>ſono ne ſcienze, ne arti, ſe con gli iſtrumen<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg6"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ti non ſi congiungono. </s> <s>Tornando dunque al <lb></lb>propoſito noſtro, dico, che neceſſariamen<lb></lb>te tre ſono le ſpecie de gli iſtrumenti, de' <lb></lb>quali uno è, che ne ſerue à chiarire le coſe oc<lb></lb>culte; laltro à diſporle, & il terzo è il mo<lb></lb>do che adoperiamo nel maneggiare queſti due <lb></lb>iſtrumenti per diſporre, & fare che eſſe ſcien <lb></lb>ze, & arti ſieno inteſe. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ottimamen <lb></lb>te ho inteſa la diuiſione dell'iſtrumento, però <lb></lb>uenite à uoſtra poſta alla dichiaratione delle <lb></lb>ſpecie. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Me ne uerrò dunque alla pri <lb></lb>ma ſpecie. </s> <s>Liſtrumento, che le coſe sbanda<lb></lb>te, & confuſe raſſetta, & compone, haue<lb></lb>rà appreſſo di noi quel nome, che ha ſempre <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg7"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>hauuto appreſſo gli ſcrittori, cioè Ordine, & <lb></lb>ſarà poggio della noſtra ſcala; & quell'altro <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg8"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſecondo iſtrumento chiameremo Metodo, ò <lb></lb>uia che ne uogliam dire, & ſaranno i gradi <lb></lb>della gia detta ſcala; & la terza ſpecie, cioè <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg9"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>modo d'inſegnare, ò ſeriuere ſaranno i paßi, <lb></lb>che faranno eſſe ſcienze per la gia detta ſca<lb></lb>la, ò che faranno coloro, i quali per quella <lb></lb>anderanno. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Talmente intendo, che <pb xlink:href="038/01/027.jpg" pagenum="7"></pb>anche mi aueggio de gli Autori, che in ciò <lb></lb>imitare uolete, ne piu ſaldi & fermi poteua<lb></lb>te ritrouare quanto Ariſtotele, & Galeno: <lb></lb>liquali dottamente incaminarono l'uno la Filo <lb></lb>ſofia, & l'altro la Medicina per la medeſima <lb></lb>ſcala, di che uoi hora parlate, da pochi hog<lb></lb>gidì inteſa, & meno dalli paſſati, queſti due <lb></lb>eccettuando. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Voi dite il uero che io <lb></lb>uoglio la materia & il modello pigliare dalle <lb></lb>due ſelue à Minerua, & Apollo conſacrate, <lb></lb>& che pochi de' noſtri paſſati, & moderni <lb></lb>inteſero queſta ſcala. </s> <s>La ſcoperſe ben di lon<lb></lb>tano il Leoniceno, & il Manardo, ma non la <lb></lb>uidero da preſſo. </s> <s>Hor à propoſito, l'ordine <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg10"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>e tanto neceſſario, che alle coſe diuine accre<lb></lb>ſca gratia, fauore, & bellezza; alle natu<lb></lb>rali porta l'eſſere, con la uita inſieme: onde <lb></lb>quegli artefici, che perfetti eſſere deſiderano, <lb></lb>in altro non cercano di aßimigliarſi alla natu <lb></lb>ra, quale deuono imitare, che nell'ordine; <lb></lb>& però Ariſtotele, miracolo, & unico fi<lb></lb>gliuolo ueramente di natura, diſſe che à coſa <lb></lb>ueruna non era piu intento, quanto nell'oſſer<lb></lb>uare l'ordine della ſaggia natura; ne ſeppe <lb></lb>uedere in eſſa coſa piu notabile, & che piu <lb></lb>piacere recaſſe à lui, dell'ordine; parendogli <lb></lb>pure, oltra il diletto, che egli ſentiua nel <lb></lb>guardarlo, la memoria di quello douergli in <pb xlink:href="038/01/028.jpg" pagenum="8"></pb>qualche modo giouare, ſe imitarlo cercaſſe ne <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg11"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gli ſcritti ſuoi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In uero è come dice <lb></lb>ua il già detto Ariſtotele nella Fiſica, che del <lb></lb>l'ordine la natura ne è inuentrice, ne mai pro <lb></lb>duce coſa inordinata, ſe pure per qualche <lb></lb>accidente non è impedita; & all'hora quello <lb></lb>effetto per eſſere inordinato piu non lo chia<lb></lb>miamo di natura, ma effetto d'un'altra cagio <lb></lb>ne innominata. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Veramente di tanta <lb></lb>forza è lordine nelle coſe naturali, che à con <lb></lb>firmatione di quello che uoi hauete detto, di<lb></lb>ce Auerroe nel libro delle diſtruttioni, che ſe <lb></lb>il moto d'uno de i celeſti cerchij ceſſaſſe, tut<lb></lb>to l'ordine dell'uniuerſo ſi diſtruggerebbe, al <lb></lb>che ſeguirebbe la ruina dell'uniuerſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Come è poßibile, che alla deſtruttione di una <lb></lb>particella ſola, haueſſe da ſeguire il diſordine, <lb></lb>& deſtruttione del tutto? </s> <s>noi ueggiamo bene <lb></lb>ſpeſſo, che molte coſe qua giu ſono inordinate, <lb></lb>& però non ſegue la ruina, non dirò, del tut <lb></lb>to, ma ne anche della parte, di che loro ſo<lb></lb>no parte. </s> <s>Non ſi corrompe (uerbigratia) <lb></lb>una mano di un'huomo? </s> <s>tuttauia non ſi cor<lb></lb>rompe già l'ordine & la uita di eſſo huomo. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Parlo io delle diſcordie delle parti prin <lb></lb>cipali, lequali concorrono alla coſtitutione del <lb></lb>tutto: perche, accio ſappiate, ſi come le coſe <lb></lb>fra loro ſono graduate, coſi parimente gli <pb xlink:href="038/01/029.jpg" pagenum="9"></pb>ordini hanno molti gradi, come ben diceua <lb></lb>eſſo Auerroe nel libro citato da uoi. </s> <s>Però <lb></lb>alla diſtruttione de gli ordini infimi, non ſegue <lb></lb>il diſordine de i ſuperiori ordini, ſi come an<lb></lb>co alla corrottione d'una particella minima, <lb></lb>non ſegue la corrottione della maggiore. </s> <s>So<lb></lb>no altri ordini, che per la loro eccellenza, & <lb></lb>dignità corrompendoſi, corrompono tutto l'or<lb></lb>dine dell'uniuerſo; & però Auerroe riguar<lb></lb>dando queſti ordini piu eccellenti, diſſe, che al <lb></lb>diſordine d'un circolo ſolo, ſeguiua il diſordi<lb></lb>ne di tutto l'uniuerſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dapoi che ſia<lb></lb>mo intrati ne gli ordini della natura, ditemi di <lb></lb>gratia quali ſieno piu perfetti, & meno perfet <lb></lb>ti. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Qui non è il ſuo proprio luogo, tutta <lb></lb>uia ui dirò quello che dicea il ſudetto Auerroe <lb></lb>nel libro del Cielo, che l'ordine delle coſe cor<lb></lb>rottibili è molto piu imperfetto di quello de i <lb></lb>Cieli, & quello delle intelligenze piu perfetto <lb></lb>di tutti, ne uerrò altramente à piu particola <lb></lb>re ordine, perche ciaſcuno de' gia detti tre or <lb></lb>dini hanno gradi; à me baſta di hauerui ſa<lb></lb>tisfatto in uniuerſale, & che inteſo habbiate <lb></lb>di quanta eccellenza ſia l'ordine di tutte le co <lb></lb>ſe. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Da queſto dunque comprendo, che <lb></lb>dell'ordine l'huomo ſolo non è inuentore, ma <lb></lb>che è iſtrumento, che l'eterno Iddio hebbe eter <lb></lb>namente in ſe steſſo, inanzi che lo communi-<pb xlink:href="038/01/030.jpg" pagenum="10"></pb>caſſe alla natura, la quale, poi che hebbe le <lb></lb>coſe diſpoſte, l'huomo ſapiente auedutoſi di <lb></lb>quanta perfettione ſia l'ordine delle coſe, ſi <lb></lb>affatica imitarla, per acquiſtare perfettione <lb></lb>à ſe steſſo, & alle opere che egli fa. </s> <s>Però <lb></lb>potemo hauere per concluſione; che l'huomo <lb></lb>non ſa fare altro, ne può, ſe non dare ordine <lb></lb>hora à queſta, hora à queſt'altra coſa. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Queſto iſteſſo ho io gia detto, ſe uoi bene pa<lb></lb>ragonate le uoſtre parole con le mie, & per <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg12"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tanto ui replico che lordine è uno iſtrumento <lb></lb>di che ſi ſeruc Dio, la natura, & l'huomo <lb></lb>nel diſporre le coſe, nelle quali cade primo, <lb></lb>& ultimo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſta in ſomma è la dif<lb></lb>finitione dell'ordine, ne meglio ſi poteua de<lb></lb>ſciuere di quello che hauete deſcritto, la qua <lb></lb>le (ſe bene mi raccordo) è la medeſima con <lb></lb>quella di Ariſlotele nella Metaſiſica, oue di<lb></lb>ce che l'ordine è ſolamente nelle coſe, che han <lb></lb>no primo, & ultimo tra loro. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi <lb></lb>che la diffinitione data da me è dell'iſteſſo Ari <lb></lb>stotele nella Fiſica, quando egli dice, che non <lb></lb>puo stare l'ordine nelle coſe, che non hanno <lb></lb>primo, & ultimo; & percio appare che la <lb></lb>ragione formale dell'ordine ſia primo, & ul<lb></lb>timo. </s> <s>& Galeno ne i libri della cognitione de <lb></lb>polſi ha diffinito l'ordine nel medeſimo modo. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> ecco adunque, che il primo ramo ne <pb xlink:href="038/01/031.jpg" pagenum="11"></pb>uiene dalle ſelue ſopradette, ma innanzi che <lb></lb>piu oltre noi traſcorriamo, ditcmi di gratia <lb></lb>ſe da Galeno, & Ariſtotele l'ordine uien pre <lb></lb>ſo in una ſola ſignificatione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Breue<lb></lb>mente ui riſponderò. </s> <s>L'ordine è pigliato alle <lb></lb>uolte propriamente, & alle uolte impropria <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg13"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mente: & accioche uoi ſapiate diſtinguere <lb></lb>queſte due ſorti di ordine, prendete le con<lb></lb>ditioni che ſi richieggono all'ordine propria<lb></lb>mente conſiderato, primieramente egli è ne<lb></lb>ceſſario, che quelle coſe, tra le quali è l'ordine, <lb></lb>ſieno di uno iſteſſo genere, & che anche de<lb></lb>bitamente ſieno continuate, & parimente or <lb></lb>dinate ad un termine ſolo, & da quello pro<lb></lb>priamente proportionate. </s> <s>Onde appare, che <lb></lb>dall'ordine ſono ſeparate quelle coſe, che ſono <lb></lb>ſotto diuerſi generi, lequali, benche ſieno <lb></lb>meſſe inſieme, non fanno ordine proprio, ma <lb></lb>bene ſe lo uorremo chiamare proprio, ſarà or <lb></lb>dine impropriamente detto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A que<lb></lb>sto modo ſi eſcluderanno anche dall'ordine le <lb></lb>cauſe mediate; perche ſe la prima cauſa ſi <lb></lb>congiugnerà con la terza, non ſarà debita<lb></lb>mente congiunta, & però non ſarà proprio <lb></lb>ordine, ma come hauete detto improprio; ne <lb></lb>quelle coſe che non haueranno habitudine ad <lb></lb>uno iſteſſo termine, quantunque ſieno poſte <lb></lb>inſieme in un certo modo, non ſaranno però <pb xlink:href="038/01/032.jpg" pagenum="12"></pb>ordinate propriamente. </s> <s>Ne gli accidenti, che <lb></lb>uariabili, & proportionati ſono, à diuerſi <lb></lb>termini potranno eſſere ordinati propriamen<lb></lb>te. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sapete dunque quale ſia l'ordine <lb></lb>proprio, & improprio; & quiui noi haue<lb></lb>mo diffinito, ò deſcritto che ne uogliam dire, <lb></lb>l'ordine in uniuerſale, ne ſolamente queſta de <lb></lb>ſcrittione abbraccia li due gia detti ordini,ma <lb></lb>tutte le ſpecie dell'ordine, percioche ſi diuide <lb></lb>anche eſſo ordine in uniuerſale, & particola<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>L'ordine uniuerſale è quello, che ordina <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg14"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tutta una facultà, come appreſſo Ariſtotele <lb></lb>quell'ordine, che egli chiama compoſitiuo è <lb></lb>uniuerſale, perche abbraccia tutta la Filoſo<lb></lb>fia naturale. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> ct quando bene non <lb></lb>conteneſſe particolarmente tutte le coſe di quel <lb></lb>la facultà, potrebbeſi egli dire ordine uniuer <lb></lb>ſale? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Senza dubbio. </s> <s>purche le abbrac <lb></lb>ci uniuerſalmente, come fa quell'ordine, che <lb></lb>Galeno nella coſtitutione dell'arte, chiamò ri <lb></lb>ſolutione, ilquale contiene tutte le parti del<lb></lb>la medicina non particolarmente, ma in uni<lb></lb>uerſale; percioche in genere, quaſi per linea <lb></lb>diritta eſſe parti della Medicina ſono ordinate. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg15"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mi piace, & però ſiate contento dir <lb></lb>mi quale ſia l'ordine particolare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Da <lb></lb>uoi medeſimo lo potete ſapere: tutta uia dico, <lb></lb>che ſarà quello, che ordinarà ſolamente una <pb xlink:href="038/01/033.jpg" pagenum="13"></pb>parte di una facultà, ne tutte le coſe diſpone <lb></lb>in quella; & queſto ordine ſarà ne i Metodi, <lb></lb>perche, accio ſappiate, ciaſcuno Metodo è or <lb></lb>dinato; ma però la cognitione che hauerete <lb></lb>dell'ordine uniuerſale, ui farà anche conoſce<lb></lb>re il particolare; & auuertite che ui è anco<lb></lb>ra un'altra diſtintione dell'ordine, cioè ò che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg16"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>egli ſarà accidentale, ouero eſſentiale: acci<lb></lb>dentale diremo che ſia ogni uolta, che ordina <lb></lb>ràle coſe accidentalmente à tale ordine incli<lb></lb>nate: l altro poi eſſentiale chiamaremo quello, <lb></lb>che ordinarà le coſe, che ſecondo la loro eſſen <lb></lb>za hanno l'habitudine à tale ordine; & noi <lb></lb>in queſto luogo conſideraremo l'ordine propria <lb></lb>mente pigliato, & che è uniuerſale, & eſſen <lb></lb>tiale. </s> <s>Però ui torno à dire, che l'ordine uni<lb></lb>uerſale proprio, & eſſentiale è quello iſtrumen <lb></lb>to, che noi adoperiamo nel diſporre le coſe, <lb></lb>nelle quali cade primo, & ultimo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Per mia fè che io reſto tanto ſatisfatto, quantocumque<lb></lb>to ſaprei deſiderare, ne poteuate diſcriuere <lb></lb>meglio queſto ordine, del quale uolete ragio<lb></lb>nare; percioche il genere ſuo piu proßimo <lb></lb>gli hauete aßignato, & le ſue differenze an<lb></lb>cora, come conuienſi fare nelle diffinitioni, <lb></lb>& à confirmatione di tutto queſto, Galeno ne <lb></lb>i libri delle differenze de' polſi afferma, che <lb></lb>chi dice habitudine di molti ad uno, dinoti ri-<pb xlink:href="038/01/034.jpg" pagenum="14"></pb>ſpetto. </s> <s>L'ordine dice habitudine perche ordi<lb></lb>na, & aſſetta molte coſe ad uno; & di qui <lb></lb>naſce, che prudentißimamente uoi habbiate <lb></lb>poſto l'ordine nel genere della relatione, che <lb></lb>è l'iſtrumento, & queſto ſia detto in quanto <lb></lb>alla intelligenza dell'ordine, perche il reſto <lb></lb>della diffinitione al parer mio è aſſai manife<lb></lb>ſto, ne punto ha dibiſogno di maggiore dichia <lb></lb>ratione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> ct d'onde pigliarete uoi le <lb></lb>differenze dell'ordine? </s> <s>ſe piu della diffinitione <lb></lb>non parlarete, non ui accorgete che in quella <lb></lb>parte, che uoi hauete detto eſſere da ſe steſſa <lb></lb>chiara, ui ſono naſcoſte le differenze d'onde <lb></lb>trarre ſi puo la diuiſione dell'ordine? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Per certo io giudicauo che ui foßino, & le <lb></lb>haurei diſcoperte, ma temeuo di non iſtraccia <lb></lb>re la rete. </s> <s>Però uoi che ſiate piu deſtro di <lb></lb>me iſcopritele ui prego. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hor per <lb></lb>compiacerui le ſcoprirò, & uoi le uccellare<lb></lb>te; Per tanto ſenza indugio ui dico che è gia <lb></lb>stato detto da noi, l'ordine eſſere iſtrumento <lb></lb>delle coſe che hanno primo luogo, & ultimo, <lb></lb>affine di hauere la diuiſione di eſſo ordine, per <lb></lb>ilche le coſe, delle quali l'ordine è iſtrumento, <lb></lb>contengono in ſe eſſe differenze, perche è ne<lb></lb>ceſſario, che elleno ſieno inclinate à quel ter<lb></lb>mine al quale poi ſi ordinano, come ha la ma <lb></lb>teria alla forma. </s> <s>Queſta inclinatione può eſ-<pb xlink:href="038/01/035.jpg" pagenum="15"></pb>ſere, ouero accidentale, ouer eſſentiale, et chia <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg17"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo qui eſſentiale inclinatione quella, che le coſe <lb></lb>hanno talmente tra loro, che altrimenti non la <lb></lb>poſſono hauere ſe non ſi corrompono, o ueramen <lb></lb>te laſciano la natura loro; & queſta diſpoſitio <lb></lb>ne ſi chiama parimente naturale; & è come <lb></lb>il cielo, che naturalmente nella Filoſoſia natu <lb></lb>rale è diſpoſto al primo motore, ne altrimenti <lb></lb>può eſſere ordinato, che non ſia ribelle all'or<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg18"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dine della natura. </s> <s>La diſpoſitione, ò inclina<lb></lb>tione che ne uogliam dire accidentale, è quan <lb></lb>do le coſe hanno una certa mira, per la quale <lb></lb>poſſono eſſere ordinate altramente di quello <lb></lb>che la ſua naturale inclinatione moſtra richie <lb></lb>dere, ſi come per eſſempio, il uedere ha natu<lb></lb>rale inclinatione di eſſere poſtpoſto al tatto, <lb></lb>tuttauia per moſtrarſi piu degno il uedere, che <lb></lb>il toccare, onde naſce la inclinatione acciden<lb></lb>tale, può eſſere antepoſto eſſo uedere al ſudet <lb></lb>to tatto; & queſto tale ordine ſeruò Ariſtote <lb></lb>le ne i libri dell' Anima, de' ſenſi trattando. <lb></lb></s> <s>Onde da queſte due inclinationi ne naſcono due <lb></lb>ordini, come bene di ſopra diccuamo: l'uno <lb></lb>che aſſetta, & diſpone le coſe che hanno incli <lb></lb>natione naturale, & è l'ordine eſſentiale di <lb></lb>che noi hora parliamo: l'altro è quello, che <lb></lb>ſerue alla inclinatione accidentale delle coſe, <lb></lb>& è parimente ancor queſto chiamato ordine <pb xlink:href="038/01/036.jpg" pagenum="16"></pb>accidentale, ne mai ne ſeruiamo di tale ordi<lb></lb>ne, ſe non perche ne pare meglio dell'eſſentia <lb></lb>le per qualche riſpetto, ò perche la coſa, che <lb></lb>ſi prepone, è piu degna, ouero piu conoſciu<lb></lb>ta. </s> <s>Ne giudico io che Galeno nel ſecondo à <lb></lb>Glaucone, habbia uſato queſto ordine acciden<lb></lb>tale, come uogliono alcuni, incominciando <lb></lb>dalla febbre detta Efemera, come dalla piu no <lb></lb>ta, ma che ſia ordine eſſentiale compoſitiuo, <lb></lb>percioche incomincia dalla febbre piu ſemplice, <lb></lb>alla meno ſemplice, & uà finalmente inſino à <lb></lb>quella che manco di tutte è ſemplice. </s> <s>Onde ſe<lb></lb>guendo in tutto quel trattato queſto iſteſſo ordi <lb></lb>ne ſenza interromperlo mai, fa che facilmente <lb></lb>io creda eſſere ordine eſſentiale, & non acciden <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg19"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tale. </s> <s>L'ordine eſſentiale può eſſere, come gia è <lb></lb>stato detto, uniuerſale, & particolare, et quan <lb></lb>do egli è particolare, non è ueramente ordi<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg20"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne, ma metodo, perche, accio uoi ſappiate, <lb></lb>(& uolontieri replico queſto per non m'intri<lb></lb>care come hanno fatto alcuni) non è metodo <lb></lb>alcuno che non contenga in ſe ordine, ſi come <lb></lb>il metodo diffinitiuo contiene l'ordine, che ha <lb></lb>la diffinitione al diffinito, & quello delle par<lb></lb>ti della diffinitione ad eſſa diffinitione; & pa<lb></lb>rimente ancora quello che è tra una parte & <lb></lb>l'altra. </s> <s>Dicaſi l'iſteſſo de gli altri metodi, & <lb></lb>accioche fuggiamo la implicatione (per dir <pb xlink:href="038/01/037.jpg" pagenum="17"></pb>coſi) trattar emo in queſto luogo talmente de <lb></lb>gli ordini, che non occorrera poſcia trattar<lb></lb>ne nel diſcorſo de i metodi, ma ſolo le conſi<lb></lb>deraremo in quanto che ne ſeruono à chiarire <lb></lb>le coſe non cono ciute; come anche qui trattia <lb></lb>mo de gli ordini ſolamente in quanto che ordi <lb></lb>nano le coſe: benche inſieme con lordine ap<lb></lb>portano anche luce, che ne fa conoſcere quel <lb></lb>lo che noi non conoſceuamo. </s> <s>Hor dunque l'or <lb></lb>dine eſſentiale, & uniuerſale è quello che alle <lb></lb>dottrine dà il nome: percioche ogni uolta che <lb></lb>la dottrina è ord nata per l ordine diffinitiuo, <lb></lb>da principio inſino al fine quella dottrina, ò <lb></lb>faculta che ſia, ſi chiama dottrina diffinitiua, <lb></lb>perche quell'ordine è à quella facultà come <lb></lb>anima, ò luce; al che riguardando Horatio <lb></lb>nell'arte poetica diſſe, che la forma, & lucidi <lb></lb>ſcritti eran l'ordine. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Le dottrine <lb></lb>adunque non prendono mai nome da gli ordi<lb></lb>ni particolari, per la ragione, che hauete <lb></lb>gia detta, perche quello non dà uniuerſalmen <lb></lb>te la uita à tutta la facultà, ma ſolamente <lb></lb>à una parte particolare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tanto è, <lb></lb>ma torniamo al primo noſtro propoſito. </s> <s>Que <lb></lb>sto ordine uniuerſale, & eſſentiale che haue<lb></lb>mo detto dare il nome alla dottrina & che è <lb></lb>iſtrumento della coſa, che è ordinata, & eſ<lb></lb>ſentialmente diſpoſta, eſſo non ha nome, che <pb xlink:href="038/01/038.jpg" pagenum="18"></pb>in propria forma giunga all'orecchia de gli <lb></lb>huomini, ma ſolo il ſuo ualore, & uirtù ſua <lb></lb>s'intende ſotto queſte tre uoci piu particolari, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg21"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>oue ſe ne stà coperto, come ſotto diffinitione, <lb></lb>compoſitione, & reſolutione, i quali tre ordi <lb></lb>ni ſono diſtinti l'uno dall'altro, perche in cia<lb></lb>ſcuno di loro è un termine appartato, alquale <lb></lb>tutte le coſe ſono ordinate ſecondo la ſua incli<lb></lb>natione eſſentiale; nè ſono diſtinti queſti ordi <lb></lb>ni come uoleano alcuni, perche ciaſcuno dilo <lb></lb>ro ſi ſerue di differenti iſtrumenti, percbe ſot <lb></lb>to un medeſimo ordine ſi puo adoperare qua<lb></lb>lunque ſorte di metodo ne ſono diſtinti perche <lb></lb>habbiano particolari ſuggetti, ò facultà, che <lb></lb>ne uogliam dire, percioche ogni ſorte di ma<lb></lb>teria, ò ſuggetto può eſſere trattato con qua<lb></lb>le ſi uoglia ordine; ſi come ben diceua Gale<lb></lb>no nell'arte parua, che la medicina può eſſer <lb></lb>trattata da principio fino al fine ſotto qualun<lb></lb>que ordine ò reſolutiuo, ò diffinitiuo, o com<lb></lb>poſitiuo che ſia. </s> <s>Ne in uno ordine come nel <lb></lb>reſolutiuo ogni parte ſi riſolue, ma ſi diffini<lb></lb>ſce, uien dimoſtrata, & diuiſa, & in con<lb></lb>cluſione per tutto l'ordine ſi ſerue dell'iſtru<lb></lb>mento metodico. </s> <s>Ma bene è neceſſario che <lb></lb>trattando le parti, ſieno ſempre antepoſte quel <lb></lb>le che ſono piu uicine al fine, dal quale inco<lb></lb>mincia la riſolutione, di maniera che ogni <pb xlink:href="038/01/039.jpg" pagenum="19"></pb>parte ſia ordinata al fine, come inumeri alla <lb></lb>unità, & ſi come alla unità ſegue il numero <lb></lb>denario, & non il ternario, ò altri, coſi an <lb></lb>co al fine è neceſſario che ſegua la cauſa im<lb></lb>mediata, & poile altre ancora ſucceßiuamen <lb></lb>tc; & queſta regola non ſeruirà ſolo alla ri<lb></lb>ſolutione, ma à tutti gli ordini ancora. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Diceua Galeno nel luogo che uoi ha<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg22"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uete citato, che tutte le dottrine ordinate ſo<lb></lb>no tre, cioè riſolutiua, compoſitiua, & diffi<lb></lb>nitiua, quaſi che egli chiamaſſe la riſolutione, <lb></lb>diffinitione, & compoſitione dottrine, & non <lb></lb>ordini. </s> <s>C<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Benche appaia ſuperficial<lb></lb>mente che egli le chiami dottrine non uolſe pe <lb></lb>rò intendere che la riſolutione, compoſitione, <lb></lb>& diffinitione foſſero dottrine: & accioche <lb></lb>noi n'intendiamo in queſta coſa, la quale da <lb></lb>diuerſi ſcrittori diuerſamente è stata inteſa, <lb></lb>prima è neceſſario moſtrarmi in che modo la <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg23"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dottrina non è ordine, & come anco la diffi<lb></lb>nitione, riſolutione, & compoſitione ſono or<lb></lb>dini, & non dottrine. </s> <s>Prima ſe noi uoglia<lb></lb>mo stare nell'etimologia de' uocaboli, noi ue<lb></lb>deremo che altra coſa ſignifica dottrina, & <lb></lb>altra coſa ſignificà ordine. </s> <s>La dottrina ſigni <lb></lb>fica la coſa inſegnata, in quanto che è inſegna <lb></lb>ta, & l'ordine ſignifica non la coſa di che egli <lb></lb>è ordine, ma ſolo quella anneßione (per dir <pb xlink:href="038/01/040.jpg" pagenum="20"></pb>coſi) che naturalmente tiene una coſa con l'al <lb></lb>tra congiunta. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto non dice egli <lb></lb>che la dottrina è ordinata? </s> <s>ſe è ordinata adun <lb></lb>que non è ordine, altrimenti ſeguirebbe che <lb></lb>ſi come ſi ritrouano dottrine ſenza ordine, che <lb></lb>ſi ritrouaſſe ancora ordine ſenza dottrina, il <lb></lb>che non è punto ragioneuole à credere, che <lb></lb>amendue ſieno una iſteſſa coſa, & ſi ritroui<lb></lb>no l'uno ſeparato dall altro. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi <lb></lb>ſe uorremo preſtar fede a' buoni autori, dire<lb></lb>mo che ſono differenti, come hauete detto, <lb></lb>perche altra coſa hanno eßi uoluto intendere <lb></lb>per ordine, altra per dottrina. </s> <s>Galeno in <lb></lb>molti luoghi ha eſpreſſamente detto che la me <lb></lb>dicina è dottrina che puo eſſere ordinata hora <lb></lb>dall'ordine diffinitiuo, hora dal riſolutiuo, ho <lb></lb>ra dal diffinitiuo. </s> <s>Dopò queſto ſeguirebbe an <lb></lb>che un'altro inconueniente, cioè che coloro <lb></lb>che hanno detto che le dottrine ſono ordinate <lb></lb>ſotto diuerſo ordine, & ſi attaccano all'ordi<lb></lb>ne come fa la uite al palo, haueſſero mal det<lb></lb>to; perche ueruna coſa può appoggiarſi à ſe <lb></lb>steſſa. </s> <s>Però è coſa chiarißima che la dottri<lb></lb>na non è ordine, ma che la diffinitione, com<lb></lb>poſitione, & riſolutione ſieno ordini, & non <lb></lb>dottrine, appreſſo di me per l'autorità de'mol <lb></lb>ti è in qualche dubitatione, & maßime per <lb></lb>quello che riferiſce Galeno nell'arte parua, che <pb xlink:href="038/01/041.jpg" pagenum="21"></pb>le dottrine ordinate ſono tre. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se uoi <lb></lb>mi aſcoltarete, ui ſi leuarà ogni ſorte di dubi<lb></lb>tatione. </s> <s>Percioche ſe noi uogliamo conſide<lb></lb>rare la riſolutione, compoſitione, & diffini<lb></lb>tione, in quanto che ſono inſegnate, ſenza <lb></lb>dubbio ſaremo con coloro, che dicono queſti <lb></lb>eſſere dottrine, ma ſe anche le uogliamo pren <lb></lb>dere in ſe steſſe, & in quanto che ſono iſtru<lb></lb>menti, liquali ſeruono per ordinare le coſe, <lb></lb>di che debbono eſſere chiamati ordini, dico <lb></lb>che ſono ordini, nè Galeno, ne Ariſtotile, <lb></lb>ſe tornaſſero uiui. </s> <s>contradirebbono mai à que <lb></lb>ſta uerità. </s> <s>Nè ui debbe fare punto difficultà <lb></lb>l'autorità di eſſo Galeno, ancor che egli dica <lb></lb>in piu luoghi che tre ſono le dottrine, che <lb></lb>all'ordine ſi accoſtano; perche non uuol dirc <lb></lb>per queſto che la diffinitione con l'altre due <lb></lb>ſieno dottrine, ma uſa queſto modo di dire, <lb></lb>affine di dimoſtrare che le dottrine pigliano il <lb></lb>nome dall'ordine uniuerſale, come gia haue<lb></lb>mo detto, & che da quello ſi nominano come <lb></lb>il compoſito dalla forma, & non dalla mate<lb></lb>ria: & però ritrouate ſpeſſo che gli autori <lb></lb>chiamano dottrina riſolutiua quella che con <lb></lb>tale ordine è incaminata, & coſi diffinitiua, <lb></lb>& compoſitiua; & percio quando dice il ſu<lb></lb>detto Galeno che tre ſono le dottrine, deueſi <lb></lb>intendere che tre ſono gli ordini, quali ordi-<pb xlink:href="038/01/042.jpg" pagenum="22"></pb>nano, & danno il nome alle dottrine; & que <lb></lb>sto ſia quanto ſi aſpetta alla ſolutione della uo <lb></lb>stra queſtione promoſſa. </s> <s>Hora ueniamo à ue <lb></lb>dere in che modo dalla diffinitione dell'ordine <lb></lb>ſi cauino le differenze che coſtituiſcono le tre <lb></lb>ſpetie, & ſe piu di tre, ouero meno poſſono <lb></lb>eſſere. </s> <s>Le differenze della diffinitione dell'or<lb></lb>dine erano delle coſe in che cade primo, & ul <lb></lb>timo eſſentialmente ecco che nella diſpoſitione <lb></lb>delle coſe stà la diuerſità dell'ordine. </s> <s>Quan<lb></lb>te adunque ſaranno le inclinationi, ouero di<lb></lb>ſpoſitioni delle coſe, tante ſaranno le ſpecie de <lb></lb>gl'ordini, parlando però dell inclination'eſſentia <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg24"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>li. </s> <s>Le habitudini delle coſe ſono tre, ouero chan <lb></lb>no inclination'al fine, ouero al principio, ouero <lb></lb>al mezo, onde quando le coſe ſono ordinate al <lb></lb>principio, diciamo noi eſſere ordinate ſecondo <lb></lb>l'ordine compoſitiuo; quando anco ſono ordi<lb></lb>nate al fine, diciamo noi eſſere ordinate di or<lb></lb>dine riſolutiuo; ſe medeſimamente ſono indi<lb></lb>rizzate al mezo, diciamo riſultarne l'ordine <lb></lb>diffinitiuo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ho bene inteſo come ra<lb></lb>gioneuolmente hauete determinato inſieme con <lb></lb>tutti i buoni autori eſſerui tre ſpecie di ordini, <lb></lb>ne piu, ne meno; nondimeno per occaſione di <lb></lb>maggiore chiarezza uorrei ſapere à che fine <lb></lb>habbia Galeno inſieme con gli altri ottimi ſcrit <lb></lb>tori inueſtigato tre ſpecie di ordini, potendoſi <pb xlink:href="038/01/043.jpg" pagenum="23"></pb>egli ſeruire di un ſolo, in ogni ſua occorrenza; <lb></lb>perche pare à me, che quando ſi può fare una <lb></lb>coſa co'l mezo d'un ſolo, non ſi debba cercare <lb></lb>di farla co'l mezzo di piu; & di queſto me<lb></lb>deſimo parere, furono anche coloro, liquali <lb></lb>inueſtigarono li ſudetti tre ordini: però, diſſe <lb></lb>Ariſtotele, indarno ſi fa per piu mezi quello <lb></lb>che ſi può fare con pochi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tutto quel <lb></lb>lo che uoi detto hauete inſino hora ui ſi conce<lb></lb>de, ma biſogna prouare che baſti un'ordine ad <lb></lb>ordinare ogni ſorte di facultà. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Que <lb></lb>sto ſarà facile da prouare; imperoche ſe noi <lb></lb>conſideriamo bene, uederemo che ogni ſorte <lb></lb>di facultà hà il ſuo fine, & le cauſe immedia <lb></lb>te, proßime, meno proßime, remote & piu <lb></lb>remote, & finalmente remotißime da eſſo fi<lb></lb>ne, & però può eſſere ordinata con l'ordine <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg25"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riſolutiuo, ilquale incomincia dal fine riſol<lb></lb>uendoſi nelle cauſe piu uicine, & quelle in al <lb></lb>tre, à talche finalmente riſoluendo diuiene a <lb></lb>i piu ſemplici principij che ſieno in quella co<lb></lb>tale facultà. </s> <s>Oltra la ragione, ui e anco l'au <lb></lb>torità di Galeno nell'arte parua, il quale affer <lb></lb>mando che niſſuno auanti à lui mai ha ordina <lb></lb>ta la medicina ſotto quell'ordine, che incomin <lb></lb>cia dalla cognitione del fine, ſoggiugne, dalla <lb></lb>quale ogni arte può eſſere ordinata ragione<lb></lb>uolmente, uolendo inferire che tutte le coſe <pb xlink:href="038/01/044.jpg" pagenum="24"></pb>che hanno inclinatione à eſſere ordinate, ſecon <lb></lb>do qualunque proceſſo di ordine, habbiano <lb></lb>principio della ſua coſtitutione dalla cognitio<lb></lb>ne del fine ilche ſi può anche dimoſtrare con <lb></lb>queſta uiua ragione, perche ogni ſorte di teo<lb></lb>rcma, che uien fatto, & ogni ſorte di princi <lb></lb>pio che ſi ritruoua in una facultà, tutto ſi fa <lb></lb>per conſeguire il fine, ecco adunque che è il <lb></lb>fine cagione, che ogni ſorte di arti ò ſcienze <lb></lb>ſia ritrouata, & ordinatamente diſpoſta per <lb></lb>l'ordine riſolutiuo, ilquale ſerue ad eſſo fine <lb></lb>riſoluendolo in tutti quei mezi che fanno à <lb></lb>produrre eſſo fine; & però per queſte ragio<lb></lb>ni, & autorità ſegue che lordine diffinitiuo, <lb></lb>& compoſitiuo ſieno ſuperflui, eſſendo che <lb></lb>tutte le ſorti di ſcienze, ò arti poſſono eſſere <lb></lb>ordinate dal riſolutiuo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A queſto mo <lb></lb>do uoi uorreſte, & che Galeno combatteſſe <lb></lb>contra ſe iſteſſo, & io contra di uoi, ma ſpe<lb></lb>ro che eſſo Galeno non piglierà punto l'armi <lb></lb>contra di ſe steſſo, ma in ogni modo ſarà con <lb></lb>corde, & che uoi anco ſarete contento che di <lb></lb>queſta pugna io ne riporti la uittoria. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>V'ingannate T<emph type="roman"></emph>OMI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> mio amoreuole, che io <lb></lb>habbia dubitato per prouocarui al duello, per <lb></lb>che altro non cerco che riſolutione da uoi, di <lb></lb>quello, che mi fa dubitare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi <lb></lb>fanno i buoni guerrieri, poi che hanno tirato <pb xlink:href="038/01/045.jpg" pagenum="25"></pb>due colpi al ſuo auerſario, fingono di hauere <lb></lb>pace con eſſo. </s> <s>Hor baſta per non uenire ad <lb></lb>altra conteſa, dico che Galeno non diſſe che <lb></lb>tutte le faculta ſieno ordinate dalla riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, ma ſi bene che ſono ordinate per conſegui <lb></lb>re il ſuo fine. </s> <s>Voglia mò che ſieno incamina <lb></lb>te per l ordine compoſitiuo, ouero per il diffi<lb></lb>nitiuo, ò riſolutiuo che ſia, & à queſto ſen<lb></lb>ſo eſſendo interpretate le parole di Galeno non <lb></lb>repugnano da quello, che egli ha detto in al<lb></lb>tri luoghi, cioè che tre ſieno gli ordini, con <lb></lb>liquali ſi diſpongano eſſe arti, ò ſcienze, per <lb></lb>ottenere il fine loro; & per tanto Galeno non <lb></lb>ſi contradice in modo alcuno, come anco non <lb></lb>ne contradiremo noi, ſe prima mi ſarò riſen<lb></lb>tito de i uoſtri primi due colpi. </s> <s>Voglio adun <lb></lb>que contentarmi di concederui che ogni arteſi <lb></lb>ce adoperi l ordine riſolutiuo à ritrouare la <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg26"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſua arte, & con tutto queſto non uoglio che <lb></lb>facciate queſta concluſione, che cioè gli altri <lb></lb>due ordini ſieno ſuperflui, perche quantun<lb></lb>que la riſolutione foſſe atta à ritrouare ogni <lb></lb>facultà, & ordinarla inſieme, non auuiene <lb></lb>però per queſto che anche gli altri due ordini <lb></lb>non ſieno utili, & per tanto non indarno. <lb></lb></s> <s>Perche non ſi potrà gia con la riſolutione trat <lb></lb>tare coſi amplamente, & chiaramente le coſe <lb></lb>naturali, come ſi farà co'l compoſitiuo, eſſen-<pb xlink:href="038/01/046.jpg" pagenum="26"></pb>do che la natura le ha prodotte con ſi fatto <lb></lb>ordine; di che auuedendoſi Ariſtotele, non <lb></lb>uolſe ſotto altro ordine ordinarle, che ſotto il <lb></lb>compoſitiuo, come colui che conoſceua che <lb></lb>non poteuano riuſcire meglio ſotto altro or<lb></lb>dine, che quello della natura. </s> <s>Non ui ne<lb></lb>garò gia che non faceſſe prima una riſolutio<lb></lb>ne delle coſe naturali in ſe steſſo, innanzi che <lb></lb>incominciaſſe à incaminarle per l'ordine com<lb></lb>poſitiuo, anzi dirouui di piu, che io non iſti<lb></lb>mo artefice alcuno di alcun ualore, che prima <lb></lb>in lui non fa la riſolutione dell'arte, di che <lb></lb>egli uoglia trattare prima che ſi diſponga à <lb></lb>ſcriuerla, ò in altro modo dimoſtrarla. <lb></lb></s> <s>Parimente ui dirò della diffinitione, che ella <lb></lb>ha in ſe una gratia ſpeciale, per laquale <lb></lb>utile, & quaſi neceſſaria, percioche non è <lb></lb>ueruno delli ſudetti tre ordini, che tanto alla <lb></lb>memoria porti utile, perche può contenere <lb></lb>piu ſuccintamente le coſe, che ordina d'ogni <lb></lb>altro ordine. </s> <s>et però portando ciaſcuno uti<lb></lb>le, & commodo immenſo, conchiudere deb <lb></lb>biamo che ſieno non meno utili che neceſſarij <lb></lb>& per tal cauſa nondiremo piu che ſieno ſu <lb></lb>perflui, altrimenti ſeguirebbe che l'utile, & <lb></lb>il ſuperfluo ſi comportaſſero inſieme. </s> <s>Altro <lb></lb>dopò queſto ui poſſo addurre, cioè non am<lb></lb>mettendoui che ogni facultà poſſa eſſere ritro<lb></lb>uata dall'ordine riſolutiuo; percioche la ri-<pb xlink:href="038/01/047.jpg" pagenum="27"></pb>ſolutione è attione dell'intelletto, & le arti ſi <lb></lb>acquiſtano sì con la ragione, come anche con <lb></lb>la iſperienza; & non ſolo io dico queſto, ma <lb></lb>tutti gli autori, che intorno à ciò parlano, & <lb></lb>maßime Galeno, ilquale diceua che le arti ſi <lb></lb>fanno (per dir coſi) per additamenti; & in <lb></lb>molti luoghi à queſto propoſito dice, che la me<lb></lb>dicina arte fattiua ha due gambe, delle qua<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg27"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>li l'una è la ragione, & l'altra l'iſperienza; <lb></lb>& che ſe una di queſte mancaſſe, ella andareb<lb></lb>be zoppa. </s> <s>eccoui dunque che non ſolo conſi<lb></lb>derando la riſolutione, in quanto ordine, <lb></lb>cioè in quanto che diſpone le coſe, fa che gli <lb></lb>altri due ordini ſieno ſuperflui; ma conſide<lb></lb>randolo anco come metodo, non ha ella tanta <lb></lb>forza, che poſſa ſatisfare in chiarire le coſe <lb></lb>incognite. <emph type="roman"></emph>MOR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſto che uoi hauete <lb></lb>detto hora ha talmente chiarito il mio intel<lb></lb>letto che intorno à cio non ueggia luogo da du <lb></lb>bitare piu altramente, & queſto è quello che <lb></lb>deſiderauo, & non di combattere come dice<lb></lb>uate uoi. </s> <s>Intenderei di nuouo uolentieri <lb></lb>ſe tutti tre queſti ordini che hauete detto eſſe<lb></lb>re non ſolo utili, ma neceſſarij, portano pari <lb></lb>utilità all'huomo, ò nò: dico all'huomo, per<lb></lb>che mi aueggio che il compoſitiuo ſupera gli <lb></lb>altri in ſeruire alla natura. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> per dir <lb></lb>ui il uero ho dubitato gia un gran pezzo che <pb xlink:href="038/01/048.jpg" pagenum="28"></pb>non ueniſti à farmi queſta richieſta, perche <lb></lb>ſempre fui ſopra di cio dubbioſo; tuttauia da <lb></lb>che me ne hauete ricercato, non poſſo negar<lb></lb>ui che io non ui dica almeno quello che io ſen<lb></lb>to, ſe ben poi reſtarete irreſoluto non ui hau<lb></lb>rete à dolere di me. </s> <s>Però preporrouui queſta <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg28"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>concluſione, la quale mi sforzarò di proua<lb></lb>re, cioè che l'ordine riſolutiuo è in ogni mo<lb></lb>do piu utile de gli altri, perche ſe bene uo<lb></lb>gliamo conſiderare, oltra che aſſai ſuccinta<lb></lb>mente è atto à ordinare le coſe, moſtra anco <lb></lb>inſieme la neceſsità della dependenza che ha <lb></lb>il fine dalle cauſe mediate, & quelle da al<lb></lb>tre, & coſi inſino alle ultime, che depende<lb></lb>re non poſſono non hauendo ſopra di ſe depen<lb></lb>denza alcuna, & queſto non fanno gli altri <lb></lb>ordini. </s> <s>Oltra di cio ha anco il riſolutiuo que <lb></lb>sto priuilegio di piu de gli altri, che eſſo non <lb></lb>ſuppone gli altri, ma gli altri bene preſup<lb></lb>pongono eſſo; perche, ſi come gia detto hab<lb></lb>biamo, non è artefice alcuno, ne filoſofo, che <lb></lb>nella mente ſua non adoperi la riſolutione pri <lb></lb>ma che uenga a diſporre l'altre, ò per la me<lb></lb>deſima riſolutione, ouero per gli altri ordini. <lb></lb></s> <s>ecco dunque che ſempre in ogni ſorte di facul <lb></lb>tà ſi ſuppone eſſa riſolutione, prima che ſia <lb></lb>incaminata ò per l'ordine compoſitiuo, ò diffi<lb></lb>nitiuo. <emph type="roman"></emph>MOR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s>Queſto mi parrebbe aſſai <pb xlink:href="038/01/049.jpg" pagenum="29"></pb>ragioneuole ſe la iſperienza non foſſe in con<lb></lb>trario; perche la riſolutione che uolete uoi <lb></lb>che Ariſtotele habbia fatta nella mente ſua <lb></lb>delle coſe naturali, auanti che egli le habbia <lb></lb>incaminate per lordine riſolutiuo, è forza <lb></lb>che eſſo preſupponga la compoſitione fatta dal <lb></lb>la natura, perche l'artefice (come pure dice <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg29"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>il medeſimo Ariſtotile) deue ſempre hauere <lb></lb>l'occhio ad imitare eſſa natura, tal che non <lb></lb>ſolo la compoſitione preſupporrà la riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, ma ella ſara preſuppoſta dalla riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, che è contra quello che uoi hauete detto; <lb></lb>& ſe non uoletè acconſentire à queſto, è ne<lb></lb>ceſſario almeno, che mi concediate, che non <lb></lb>ogni compoſitione preſuppone la riſolutione. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi ui uoglio concedere, che la ri<lb></lb>ſolutione fatta da Ariſtotele preſupponga la <lb></lb>compoſitione fatta dalla natura; ne per que<lb></lb>sto credo di contradirmi, perche non ſegue <lb></lb>che la riſolutione non ſia la prima operatione <lb></lb>dell'intelletto in Ariſtotele, & che lei non <lb></lb>ſia preſuppoſta dalla compoſitione fatta dal <lb></lb>medeſimo Ariſtotele, & che eſſa parimente <lb></lb>preſupponga altre, perche altra coſa è, Mo<lb></lb>rello mio, conſiderare gli ordini artiſicioſa<lb></lb>mente, & altra coſa conſiderargli natural<lb></lb>mente; & non biſogna paſſare da un genere <lb></lb>à un'altro chi non uuole implicare contradit-<pb xlink:href="038/01/050.jpg" pagenum="30"></pb>tion. </s> <s>Però dico che conſiderando gli ordini <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg30"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>in un genere ſolo, ò artificiale, ò naturale <lb></lb>che ei ſia, ſempre la riſolutione è prima de <lb></lb>gli altri ordini, ſaluo che ſe non ſi ammet<lb></lb>teſſe la natura eſſere una cagione che per ſe <lb></lb>operaſſe, ſenza che foſſe gouernata da cagio<lb></lb>ne intellettuale: perche in queſto caſo haue<lb></lb>rei qualche dubitatione. </s> <s>Benche ſi potrebbe <lb></lb>anco dire, che quantunque la natura ope<lb></lb>raſſe da ſe steſſa, ella ancora proponeſſe la ri <lb></lb>ſolutione alla compoſitione, in un certo modo <lb></lb>però, perche ella opera parimente neceßita<lb></lb>ta dal fine, & percio pare che in un certo <lb></lb>modo prima riſolua, & poi componga. <lb></lb></s> <s>Concludiamo adunque che ſempre eſſendo gli <lb></lb>ordini conſiderati in un genere ſolo, la riſolu <lb></lb>tione è prepoſta à gli altri ordini, ma ella mai <lb></lb>preſuppone gli altri. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto, accio <lb></lb>uoi meglio ueggiate, che la riſolutione porta <lb></lb>piu utile delle altre, il ſuo proceſſo è molto <lb></lb>piu perfetto, perche ne dà ſempre la cauſa <lb></lb>immediata dell'effetto; & quanto ſia apprez<lb></lb>zato queſto da Ariſtotele, uoi lo ſapete. </s> <s>On<lb></lb>de per queſte ragioni gia dette, tengo di ha<lb></lb>uere prouato aſſai la concluſione di gia propo <lb></lb>stami da prouare, cioè la riſolutione ſia piu <lb></lb>utile, & neceſſaria delle altre. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Credo che ſia coſi, come hauete detto uoi, <pb xlink:href="038/01/051.jpg" pagenum="31"></pb>tuttauia mi occorre ancora non sò che di dub<lb></lb>bio intorno alla dignità de gli ordini. </s> <s>Mi pare <lb></lb>da una banda che quell'ordine che è piu utile <lb></lb>ſia anco piu degno, & però la riſolutione eſſen <lb></lb>do piu utile dell'altre, ſia ancora piu nobile, & <lb></lb>degna:tuttauia da l'altra banda mi ſi fa incon <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg31"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tro l'autorità d' Ariſtotele, che dice che quella <lb></lb>coſa laquale è ſubordinata à un'altra, è molto <lb></lb>meno degna di quella, à che è ſubordinata, ſi <lb></lb>come uerbi gratia nelle arti mecanice, l'arte <lb></lb>del fare i freni per eſſere ſubordinata, & ſup<lb></lb>poſta all'arte caualcatoria è riputata meno <lb></lb>degna, & la caualcatoria per eſſere ſottopo<lb></lb>sta all'arte militare, è anche eſſa di queſt altra <lb></lb>meno degna. </s> <s>Coſi medeſimamente l'arte del<lb></lb>lo ſpeciale, per eſſere ſottopoſta all'arte medi<lb></lb>cinale, di che ne ſiate uoi ottimo artefice, non <lb></lb>direte uoi che ſia meno degna, et che però l'offi <lb></lb>tio dello ſpetiale ſia men'honorato di quello che <lb></lb>fate uoi? </s> <s>ſenza dubbio non lo negarete, & per <lb></lb>cio non negarete anco ch'eſſendo la riſolutione <lb></lb>ſottopoſt'alla compoſitione non ſia meno degna. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se ui concedeſſe bene anche la riſolutione <lb></lb>foſſe ſottopoſta alla compoſitione, non ſeguireb <lb></lb>be poi anco quello che uoi dite. </s> <s>Horsù pro<lb></lb>uate di gratia che ella ſia ſottopoſta alla com <lb></lb>poſitione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Lo prouo, gia l'hauete <lb></lb>detto uoi, & però è uero. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Come, <pb xlink:href="038/01/052.jpg" pagenum="32"></pb>che l'ho detto io. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non hauete det<lb></lb>to che la compoſitione ſuppone la riſolutione? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Sì che l'ho detto, ma che ne ſegue <lb></lb>per queſto? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Ne ſegue che la riſolu<lb></lb>tione gli ſia come ſeruitrice, ſenza la cui ſer<lb></lb>uitù ella non poſſa eſſere, & però ſe lei ſer<lb></lb>ue, ſenza dubbio e meno degna di quello à <lb></lb>chi ſerue. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se uoleſſe ſeguire in que<lb></lb>sto propoſito, ſon certo che ui condurrei al<lb></lb>l'impoßibile; ma perche mi aueggio che mi <lb></lb>mancherà tempo hoggi à iſpedire la coſa de <lb></lb>gli ordini, breuemente ui riſpondo, che ben <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg32"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>che la compoſitione ſupponga la riſolutione, <lb></lb>non ſegue però che eſſa ſia ſottopoſta ad eſſa <lb></lb>compoſitione, & però non gli fa ſeruitù di <lb></lb>coſa alcuna, che gli poſſa recare indignità al <lb></lb>cuna. </s> <s>Anzi perche apunto la compoſitione, & <lb></lb>la diffinitione hanno di biſogno della riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, & ella non ha alcun biſogno di loro, è <lb></lb>piu degna anco di eſſe, & è apunto la riſolu <lb></lb>tione come uno che poſſa fare fauore ad un'al <lb></lb>tro, dal quale eſſo non ne poſſa hauere, ne <lb></lb>aſpettare ricompenſo alcuno, ſe non eſſerne <lb></lb>honorato. </s> <s>Per tanto concludendo dico, che <lb></lb>prima è stato conueneuole che gli ordini ſie<lb></lb>no tre, perche tutti portano ſeco qualche uti <lb></lb>lità particolare, ma però chi piu, & chime <lb></lb>no; & tra tutti, il piu utile è il riſolutiuo, & <pb xlink:href="038/01/053.jpg" pagenum="33"></pb>percio, & per altre cagioni ancora di già <lb></lb>dette piu degno. </s> <s>Hor mò che hauemo ragio<lb></lb>neuolmente determinato gli ordini eſſere tre, <lb></lb>& non meno, ſarebbe anco coſa conueneuole <lb></lb>di dimoſtrare che non poſſono eſſere piu, ſe <lb></lb>da quello che di ſopra hauemo detto non ſi <lb></lb>poteſſe facilmente determinare M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> È aſſai <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg33"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>manifeſto ueramente, ma accio non manchi <lb></lb>coſa ueruna in queſta parte, dirò io che non <lb></lb>poſſono eſſere piu di tre, perche ſi come in tut <lb></lb>te le coſe tre termini ſono, principio, mezo <lb></lb>& fine, coſi parimente debbono eſſere tre in<lb></lb>clinationi delle coſe, auanti che ſieno à tali ter <lb></lb>mini ordinate, & non più, al che ſegue che <lb></lb>parimente ſieno tre oïdini; & non piu, che <lb></lb>ordinano, & diſpongono eſſe coſe ſecondo la <lb></lb>diſpoſitione loro a detti termini; & quando <lb></lb>le coſe ſi riferiranno al principio, & da quel <lb></lb>lo pareranno dependere, noi diremo eſſere <lb></lb>ordinate ſecondo l'ordine compoſitiuo, ſe anco <lb></lb>ſi ïiferiranno al fine, chiameremo quell'ordi<lb></lb>ne riſolutiuo; & ſe ultimamente tutte le coſe <lb></lb>ſaranno ordinate al mezo, diremo quello eſſe <lb></lb>re l'ordine difſinitiuo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tanto è, uoi uc<lb></lb>cellate benißimo, & quello che hora hauete <lb></lb>detto è d' Ariſtotele nella Metafiſica, & forſe <lb></lb>non ſi potrebbe addurre piu ſalda, & chiara <lb></lb>ragione della diuiſione dell'ordine: benche a <pb xlink:href="038/01/054.jpg" pagenum="34"></pb>fauore di queſto ſi potrebbe anche dire miran <lb></lb>do le coſe di che ordine è ordine, & i modi <lb></lb>della loro diſpoſitione, che eſſe coſe poſſono <lb></lb>eſſere trattate, ouero come naſcono, & ſono <lb></lb>prodotte, & queſto ſarà l'ordine compoſitiuo <lb></lb>ſeruato da Aïiſtotele nella filoſofia naturale; <lb></lb>ouero che ſi poſſono anche aſſettare & trat<lb></lb>tare incominciando dalla coſa gia poſta in eſſe <lb></lb>re, & diſponendo da una parte la materia, <lb></lb>& forma, & efficiente che pongono eſſa in <lb></lb>eſſere; dall'altra parte diſponendo parimente <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg34"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>il ſuo fine; come ſarebbe per eſſempio ſe io <lb></lb>uoleſſe fabricare una caſa, prima direi che è <lb></lb>quadrata, & che ha tante stanze, & poi <lb></lb>anco che è fatta di pareti, di tetto, & che <lb></lb>queſto è fatto di coppi, & traui, & le pa<lb></lb>reti ſono fatte di pietra, & calcina, & di <lb></lb>nuouo queſte parti riſoluendo deuerrei a parti <lb></lb>che in altri non ſi poſſono partire. </s> <s>Dipoi la<lb></lb>ſciata queſta parte me ne uerrei al fine di eſſa <lb></lb>coſa, cioè a dichiarare come è stata fatta per <lb></lb>guardare l'huomo dalle piogge, da freddi, & <lb></lb>altre intemperie, da gli inimici che offende<lb></lb>re lo potrebbono, & cotale ordine chiama<lb></lb>remo diffinitiuo; ma ſe pigliaremo il fine di <lb></lb>eſſa caſa, & riſoluendolo aſcenderemo inſino <lb></lb>da gli ſemplici principij, diremo che queſto <lb></lb>proceſſo è dell'ordine riſolutiuo, come a dire <pb xlink:href="038/01/055.jpg" pagenum="35"></pb>io uoglio prouedere che non ſia offeſo da piog<lb></lb>ge, & da ogni ſorte di mal'aere, ſimilmente <lb></lb>da nemici, & altri che offendere mi poſſono, <lb></lb>al che fare mi fa biſogno che mi cuopra, & <lb></lb>che d'intorno mi circonda da capo a piedi, di <lb></lb>coſa che riparare mi poſſa dalle gia dette offe<lb></lb>ſe. </s> <s>ecco il biſogno di fare il tetto, & le mu<lb></lb>ra, le cui coſe non potrò fare ſe prima non <lb></lb>hauerò pietre, calcina, legni, & fatte le <lb></lb>fondamenta, & oltra di queſto biſognarà <lb></lb>anche hauere gli artefici, & il proto ò uo<lb></lb>gliam dire l' Architettore di tale arte perito, <lb></lb>a tal che riſoluendo me ne ſarò uenuto alli <lb></lb>primi principij della caſa, & qui poi finirà <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg35"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>l'ordine riſolutiuo. </s> <s>Il compoſitiuo oltra di <lb></lb>queſto, ſarà tutto oppoſito al riſolutiuo, co<lb></lb>me ſarebbe ſe io uoglio fabricare la caſa, fa<lb></lb>rò prima che ſieno tagliate le legne da cuoce<lb></lb>re la calcina, farò condurre le pietre, & il <lb></lb>legname, ſecondo che ſarà biſogno; & dipoi <lb></lb>procurarò che ſieno fatte le fondamenta, di<lb></lb>rizzate le mura, fatti li ſolari, & coperto <lb></lb>il tetto, & qui finirà l'ordine compoſitiuo; <lb></lb>& queſto ſia quanto a una certa cognitione <lb></lb>uniueïſale di queſti ordini, perche di qui a <lb></lb>poco di ciaſcuno particolarmente a pieno par<lb></lb>laremo. </s> <s>Per tanto incominciando dal riſolu<lb></lb>tiuo, come dal piu degno, & primo natural-<pb xlink:href="038/01/056.jpg" pagenum="36"></pb>mente, come di gia habbiamo d'moſtrato, lo <lb></lb>diffiniremo; però dobbiamo ſapere, che la <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg36"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>riſolutione in quanto al nome non uuol dire <lb></lb>altro che un diſligamento, ouero ſcioglimen<lb></lb>to, d'uno che ha in ſe unite molte parti di<lb></lb>uerſe, come per eſſempio un corpo miſto con<lb></lb>tiene in ſe tutti gli elementi uniti, & quan<lb></lb>do ſi corrompe queſto miſto, ò per dire me<lb></lb>glio ſi ſligano gli elementi, che inſieme uniti <lb></lb>faceuano un corpo ſolo, & ciaſcuno di eßi <lb></lb>elementi ritorna alla propria ſua natura, <lb></lb>all’hora dicemo noi riſoluerſi il corpo miſto ne <lb></lb>i ſuoi principij, che è a dire ne gli elementi; <lb></lb>& queſta ſolutione, ò partitione che ne uo<lb></lb>gliam dire la chiamiamo riſolutione; & que<lb></lb>ſto eſſempio è della riſolutione reale, quale <lb></lb>applicare ſi può anche alla riſolutione fatta <lb></lb>dall'intelletto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Che dunque la riſolutio<lb></lb>ne fatta dall'intelletto non è la medeſima con <lb></lb>la reale? </s> <s>Non dice Ariſtotele che i concetti <lb></lb>dell'animo rappreſentano le coſe che ſono in <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg37"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>effetto? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> È uero quello che dice Ariſto<lb></lb>tele, & e uerißimo anche che in quanto che <lb></lb>la riſolutione artiſiciale, che uoi fatta dall'in<lb></lb>telletto chiamate, rappreſenta la reale è qua <lb></lb>ſi la medeſima con quella; non dico la mede<lb></lb>ſima aſſolutamente, perche ſi come il ſegno <lb></lb>non è la coſa di che è ſegno, lenche rappre-<pb xlink:href="038/01/057.jpg" pagenum="37"></pb>ſenti la coſa iſteſſa, coſi anche la riſolutione <lb></lb>dell'intelletto, benche rappreſenti la riſolutio<lb></lb>ne reale, non è però lei la riſolutione reale, <lb></lb>altramente ſeguirebbe che colui che rappre<lb></lb>ſenta foſſe il rappreſentato, & per il contra<lb></lb>rio ancora ilche è aſſordißimo. </s> <s>Oltra di que<lb></lb>ſto ſono anche diſſerenti in un certo modo, <lb></lb>perche la riſolutione fatta dall intelletto, per <lb></lb>lo piu incominciaua, ouero, ſe non comincia, <lb></lb>conoſce almeno il fine eſtrinſeco, ma la reale <lb></lb>ſempre dall'intrinſeco fine incomincia, & per <lb></lb>tanto ſono amendue in un certo modo le iſteſſe, <lb></lb>& in un altro alquanto differenti. </s> <s>però l'una <lb></lb>& l altra può eſſere propriamente chiamata, <lb></lb>& anco impropriamente. </s> <s>La riſolutione pro <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg38"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pria coſi in l'una, come nell'altra è quella che <lb></lb>riſolue il fine nelle parti, che concorrono alla <lb></lb>coſtitutione di eſſo fine; come a dire per eſſem <lb></lb>pio un corpo miſto ſi riſolue in quattro elemen <lb></lb>ti; & quelli in materia, & forma; ouero <lb></lb>anco ſe noi dicemmo l'animale riſoluerſi in <lb></lb>anima, & corpo, parti coſtitutiue di eſſo <lb></lb>animale, & queſto eſſempio è di Galeno nella <lb></lb>prima particola de gli aphorismi. </s> <s>Però con<lb></lb>cludendo dico che la riſolutione propria, ſia <lb></lb>mò reale, o artificiale, ſarà quella che riſol<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg39"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uerà il fine nelle ſue parti eſſentiali. </s> <s>La im<lb></lb>propria ſarà per il contrario quella, laquale <pb xlink:href="038/01/058.jpg" pagenum="38"></pb>benche riſolua il fine, ò effetto, non lo riſol<lb></lb>uerà però in parti eſſentiali, & è come quan <lb></lb>do un corpo graſſo ſi riſolue in magro per <lb></lb>qualche egritudine ouero altra cagione. </s> <s>et <lb></lb>queſta imperfetta riſolutione è quella che ſpeſſo <lb></lb>è chiamata diſſolutione, laquale però è una <lb></lb>coſa medeſima con eſſa riſolutione imperfetta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ariſtotele nelle Meteore usò queſta riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, quando diſſe che l'acqua ſi riſolue non in <lb></lb>materia, & forma, ma in uapori, di che ſi <lb></lb>generano poi le pioggie, le rugiade, le tem<lb></lb>peſte, & neui. </s> <s>Galeno parimente nel libro <lb></lb>de i tumori fece la medeſima riſolutione, di<lb></lb>cendo che le poſteme ſi riſoluono ouero inſen<lb></lb>ſibilmente, ouero per ſuppuratione, & à <lb></lb>queſta imperfetta riſolutione ci riduce la ra<lb></lb>refattione, & altre ſimili operationi. </s> <s>Onde <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg40"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è manifeſto quanto ſia differente la riſolutione <lb></lb>perfetta, & propria, dalla imperfetta, & <lb></lb>impropria: perche la imperfetta riſolue la <lb></lb>coſa, che riſolue non nelle parti che la coſti<lb></lb>tuiſcono, ma ſolo minuiſce eſſe parti; ouero <lb></lb>le diſtrugge (come auuiene nelle poſteme.) <lb></lb>Ma la riſolutione propria riſolue quello che <lb></lb>riſolue nelle parti ſue conſtitutiue, quali ri<lb></lb>mangono intiere, ſaluo che eßi ancora non <lb></lb>ſieno riſolubili in altre parti, come auuiene <lb></lb>nella riſolutione dell'huomo, che ſi riſolue in <pb xlink:href="038/01/059.jpg" pagenum="39"></pb>anima, & corpo & il corpo in elementi; <lb></lb>perche patiſce tale riſolutione, ma l'anima <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg41"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>che non patiſce altra riſolutione, rimane in<lb></lb>tiera, & inuiolata. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s>La riſolutione <lb></lb>logica chiamano adunque, ſe bene ho inteſo, <lb></lb>quella che è fatta per l'intelletto, ilquale pro <lb></lb>poſtoſi un fine aſcende riſoluendo quello inſino <lb></lb>a gli ultimi principij da quali eſſo depende, <lb></lb>& queſta ha ſimilitudine grandißima con la <lb></lb>riſolutione reale perfetta, laquale Galeno <lb></lb>nella conſtitutione dell'arte ne inſegnò, inſe<lb></lb>gnandone la medicina, & Ariſtotele nella <lb></lb>poſteriora riſoluendo la demoſtratione. <lb></lb>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> È anco quella di che noi parliamo, & <lb></lb>hauemo diffinita. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto hauete da <lb></lb>ſapere che alcuni (parlando pure della riſo<lb></lb>lutione fatta dall'intelletto) uolendo quaſi in<lb></lb>ferire che la riſolutione logica ſia di due ſorti, <lb></lb>una che incomincia dal fine a tutta l'arte, & <lb></lb>l'altra da tutta l'arte a primi principij, han<lb></lb>no detto, che Galeno nel libro della coſtitu<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg42"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione dell'arte usò due ſpecie di riſolutioni, <lb></lb>una che ſi oppone alla compoſitione & l'altra <lb></lb>nò. </s> <s>Nella prima riſolutione incomincia eſſo <lb></lb>Galeno dal fine, & deſcende riſoluendo le <lb></lb>parti di eſſo fine, fin che diuiene alle ultime <lb></lb>parti di quello. </s> <s>Nell'altra incomincia da <lb></lb>tutta l'arte, & parimente riſolue eſſa ne i <pb xlink:href="038/01/060.jpg" pagenum="40"></pb>ſuoi principij. </s> <s>Onde è manifeſto che quiui ha <lb></lb>uſato due ſorti di riſolutioni, l'una dal fine <lb></lb>a tutta l'arte; l'altra da tutta l'arte a ſuoi <lb></lb>principij, prima proßimi, & poi remoti, & <lb></lb>remotißimi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Fin qui a me pare che <lb></lb>queſti dottißimi moderni habbino ragione. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hora aſcoltate con l'animo ſenza affet<lb></lb>tione, ſe uolete conoſcere la uerità. </s> <s>Altra <lb></lb>coſa è Morello mio il conoſcere il fine, & al<lb></lb>tra coſa è il riſoluerlo, onde quando a giudi<lb></lb>tio loro riſolue il fine Galeno, non fa altro, <lb></lb>a mio giuditio (quale con ogni ſommißione <lb></lb>però ſottopongo a quello di chi ſa piu di me) <lb></lb>che diſcriuerlo, & dichiararlo; percioche ſe <lb></lb>egli ſolamente haueſſe detto che il fine del <lb></lb>medico è la ſanità, non hauereßimo inteſo, <lb></lb>ne conoſciuto queſto fine; per tanto è stato <lb></lb>neceſſario che ſia dichiarato, & ſe l'ha di<lb></lb>chiarato co'l mezo del metodo riſolutiuo, non <lb></lb>hauemo per queſto da dire che tratti del fine <lb></lb>con ordine riſolutiuo differente da quello con <lb></lb>che tratta il reſto dell'arte: & ſe il fine foſſe <lb></lb>ſeparato da eſſa arte, non accadrebbe che <lb></lb>Galeno in molti luoghi diceſſe, che la riſolu<lb></lb>tione non incomincia dal fine, ma dalla co<lb></lb>gnitione del fine. </s> <s>Si che potete uedere che <lb></lb>quella parte, che alcuni chiamano riſolutio<lb></lb>ne del fine a tutta l'arte ueramente (quan-<pb xlink:href="038/01/061.jpg" pagenum="41"></pb>tunque forſe con qualche loro ragione l'hab<lb></lb>biano dimandata riſolutione) non eſſere altro <lb></lb>che una deſcrittione del fine, fatta accioche co <lb></lb>noſciamo eſſo fine. </s> <s>Il medico che uuole me<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg43"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicare deue ſapere l'arte, & anco il modo di <lb></lb>medicare: l'arte s'impara co'l mezo della ri<lb></lb>ſolutione de i theoremi: il modo del medicare <lb></lb>parte s'impara co'l mezo di eſſa riſolutione, <lb></lb>& parte ancora co'l mezo della pratica. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>però dicea che la medicina hauea due gambe <lb></lb>che la ſoſteneuano, & quando l'una manca, <lb></lb>la medicina non può stare in piedi commoda<lb></lb>mente. </s> <s>Per tanto è neceſſario, che prima il <lb></lb>medico habbia co'l mezo della riſolutione, <lb></lb>l'arte, laquale ſia poi confirmata anche dalla <lb></lb>pratica, & gli baſta una ſola riſolutione, <lb></lb>come ultimamente Galeno ne ha inſegnato <lb></lb>nel libro della coſtitutione dell'arte, & quan <lb></lb>do uuole medicare ſecondo che ha ritrouato <lb></lb>per mezo della riſolutione, deue incomincia<lb></lb>re da ſegni, che erano i principij della riſolu<lb></lb>tione, liquali dimoſtrano coſi la ſorte del ma <lb></lb>le, come anche la temperatura dell'ammala<lb></lb>to; & da queſti uenirſene inſino all'ultimo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Onde appare che non ui è piu d'una ſpecie di <lb></lb>riſolutione, laquale ſi oppone alla compoſitio <lb></lb>ne; & anco dobbiamo auertire che Galeno <lb></lb>nel ſudetto luogo non inſegna l'arte come <pb xlink:href="038/01/062.jpg" pagenum="42"></pb>uogliono alcuni, ma inſegna bene il modo di <lb></lb>fare l'arte, & eſſercitarla ancora. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non <lb></lb>ho uoluto interrompere il uoſtro parlare, ac<lb></lb>cioche non interrompeſſe inſieme la mia intel <lb></lb>ligenza, ma hora che è benißimo informata <lb></lb>deſidero di ſapere, perche hauete detto, & <lb></lb>come ueramente è, che la riſolutione inco<lb></lb>mincia dalla cognitione del fine: ſe mai può <lb></lb>incominciare da altra parte che dall'ultimo <lb></lb>fine. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Qui biſogna intendere, però di<lb></lb>temi che coſa uoi intendiate per altra parte <lb></lb>che ultimo fine? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Voglio intendere co<lb></lb>me ſarebbe per eſſempio, il Muſieo ha per <lb></lb>fine l'operatione sì: ma ha anco un'altro fine <lb></lb>che è il dilettare; incominciarà egli dall'ope<lb></lb>ratione, ouero dal dilettare nel fare la riſo<lb></lb>lutione della ſua arte? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Accioche queſta <lb></lb>queſtione non ſia punto diſtaccata dall'ordin <lb></lb>noſtro, uoglio che noi prima ueggiamo che <lb></lb>coſa è fine, accioche per il mezo della diffini<lb></lb>tione poßiamo uedere ſe le ſpecie di eſſo fine, <lb></lb>come anche ſe indifferentemente incomincia <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg44"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>da qualunque ſpecie di fine, ouero nò. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>ſuole adunque diffinire il fine in queſta manie <lb></lb>ra, che ſia quello a che un'altro uiene ordina <lb></lb>to, ouero realmente ouero dall'intelletto ſolo <lb></lb>ſolamente & quel fine a che le coſe realmen<lb></lb>te ſono ordinate è reale, & è quello da che <pb xlink:href="038/01/063.jpg" pagenum="43"></pb>incomincia la riſolutione detta reale, & ri<lb></lb>ſolutione delle coſe. </s> <s>Il fine a che ſono poi le <lb></lb>coſe ordinate dall'intelletto, è un fine artificia<lb></lb>le, & da queſto incomincia la riſolutione <lb></lb>chiamata da noi riſolutione dell'arte, & da <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg45"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>altri riſolutione di teoremi. </s> <s>Ciaſcuno di que<lb></lb>ſti fini ſi può conſiderare in piu modi, cioè <lb></lb>nelle coſe naturali il fine ſarà opera, ò per <lb></lb>dir meglio, corpo naturale; nelle coſe ſopra<lb></lb>naturali il fine ſarà il medeſimo con l'agente: <lb></lb>percioche lo ſpeciale fine delle intelligenze è <lb></lb>la eternità loro, cioè che loro altro non fan<lb></lb>no che perpetuarſi; a talche il fine è in loro <lb></lb>iſteßi. </s> <s>Se anco conſideriamo il fine artificia<lb></lb>le, cioè il fine delle arti, fatte co'l mezo del <lb></lb>la conſultatione noi lo ritrouaremo, parte <lb></lb>opera, parte attione ſola, & parte ancora <lb></lb>un'altra coſa, che non ſara ne attione, ne <lb></lb>opera. </s> <s>Si come, per eſſempio, il fine del<lb></lb>l'arte dell'edificare è l'opera, che è l'edificio, <lb></lb>il fine dell'arte medicinale è la ſanità, laqua<lb></lb>le non è attione, non è anche opera in un <lb></lb>certo modo dell'artefice: percioche egli aſſolu <lb></lb>tamente non è quello che faccia la ſanità, <lb></lb>come è il muratore edificator della caſa: il <lb></lb>fine del muſico è il cantare, che è la opera<lb></lb>tione di eſſo muſico. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Di gratia ferma<lb></lb>teui, queſti eſſempi mi confondono di sì fatta <pb xlink:href="038/01/064.jpg" pagenum="44"></pb>ſorte, che io non sò punto che coſa mi debba <lb></lb>dire. </s> <s>Ariſtotele nel primo dell'ctica, oue <lb></lb>fa la diſtintione del fine, pare à me che egli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg46"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dica che ogni ſorte di arte habbia tre fini, <lb></lb>l'attione, l'opera che rieſce dall'attione, & <lb></lb>queſti due ſi contengono nell arte, & ultima<lb></lb>tamente hanno lo ſcopo, per ilquale fanno le <lb></lb>attioni, & l'opera inſieme, & queſto è quel <lb></lb>lo che uorrei ſapere da uoi, cioè da quale <lb></lb>di queſti tre fini incomincia la riſolutione. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il non ſapere ancora doue io mi uoglia <lb></lb>riuſcire, ui fa importuno: aſpettate un poco <lb></lb>ui prego, che uerro adoſſo a quello che ha<lb></lb>uete detto uoi, & inſieme ui ſueglierò il que <lb></lb>ſito. </s> <s>Per tanto dico che ſono tre ſorti di fine <lb></lb>nelle arti, ſi come hauete detto uoi, & che <lb></lb>il fine ſi diffiniſce, come ho di gia detto, & <lb></lb>è diffinitione d' Ariſtotele nella metafiſica, & <lb></lb>anco nel luogo che hauete citato uoi. </s> <s>oue aſſo <lb></lb>lutamente parlando di eſſo fine dice, che il <lb></lb>fine è quella coſa, che non è per altri, ma <lb></lb>altri per lei. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se bene io mi raccordo, <lb></lb>Galeno nel libro, che egli chiama delle cauſe <lb></lb>procatartice, diffiniſce il fine con la iſteſſa diffi<lb></lb>nitione, cioè che ſia una coſa, allaquale ogni <lb></lb>altra coſa che precede innanzi a lei, ſi gli ri<lb></lb>feriſce. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Volete pure che anche Galeno <lb></lb>introuenga in queſta diffinitione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non <pb xlink:href="038/01/065.jpg" pagenum="45"></pb>ſe gli farebbe egli torto? </s> <s>hauendolo noi piglia <lb></lb>to per noſtra guida inſieme con Ariſtotele? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sta bene, & dapoi che non l'hauete <lb></lb>detto uoi, dico io che in quello iſteßo luogo <lb></lb>egli dice che il fine ſi può chiamare intentione <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg47"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſuggetto, & utilità. </s> <s>ilche fa molto a propo<lb></lb>ſito per la diuiſione de i fini, percioche per il <lb></lb>ſuggetto potemo intendere noi l'opera, per <lb></lb>l'intentione le operationi, & per l'utilità quel <lb></lb>lo che non è, ne il primo, ne il ſecondo, ma <lb></lb>un'altro fine. </s> <s>Hor accioche le gia tre diffe<lb></lb>renze propoſte da uoi, & confirmate da me, <lb></lb>paiono naſcere dalla diffinitione, ueggiamo <lb></lb>come la diffinitione del fine conuenga alle ope <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg48"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rationi. </s> <s>Nella retorica il fine è la operatio<lb></lb>ne, che è l'ottimamente orare; all'ottimo ora <lb></lb>re ſono ordinate tutte le parti della oratione, <lb></lb>che è la bella inuentione, la bella diſpoſitione, <lb></lb>con l'appropriata eloquenza, & altrc che <lb></lb>non occorre di raccontarle in queſto luogo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ecco adunque che tutte queſte coſe ſono ordi<lb></lb>nate alla operatione, che è il bene orare, & <lb></lb>il bene orare non ſi riferiſce ad altri. </s> <s>Conuie <lb></lb>ne anco la diffinitione all'opera, come allo edi <lb></lb>ficio: perche tutte le coſe, che ſono procedute <lb></lb>auanti allo edificio, ſi riferiſcono ad eſſo edi<lb></lb>ficio, ne eſſo ſi riferiſce ad altri, conſiderato <lb></lb>però come fine del muratore, non dico dell ar-<pb xlink:href="038/01/066.jpg" pagenum="46"></pb>tefice, perche per auentura lo riferiſce a un'al<lb></lb>tro fine, ſi come gia dicemmo di ſopra. </s> <s>Con <lb></lb>uiene anco la diffinitione, & forſe più compi <lb></lb>tamente che alli ſudetti a quel fine, che non è <lb></lb>ne attione, ne opera. </s> <s>La onde ſaranno tre <lb></lb>ſpecie di fine. </s> <s>Che mò ogni ſorte di arte, la<lb></lb>ſciate le ſcienze, poſſano hauere queſte tre <lb></lb>ſorti di fine, poi che lo dice Ariſtotele, gli <lb></lb>crederemo ſenza piu oltra cercare. </s> <s>Da qua<lb></lb>le ſpecie incomincia la riſolutione, hora lo <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg49"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diremo, ma a maggiore, & piu ampla dot<lb></lb>trina dico innanzi che uenga alla concluſione, <lb></lb>che ſempre coſi nelle coſe naturali, come nelle <lb></lb>artificiali, & ſopranaturali, ſi deue conſi<lb></lb>derare qual ſorte de i gia detti fini è quello <lb></lb>che prima muoue all'attione, perche queſto <lb></lb>è quel fine, a mio giuditio, dal quale in <lb></lb>comincia la riſolutione; ſia mò opera, o ope<lb></lb>ratione, ò ſcopo, queſto importa pochißimo, <lb></lb>pur che intendiate che ſia quello che prima <lb></lb>muoue, dalla cognitione del quale ſempre in<lb></lb>comincierà eſſa riſolutione; & debbeſi auerti <lb></lb>re che queſto tal fine alle uolte ha l'eſſere ſo<lb></lb>lamente nell'animo, innanzi dico, che la coſa <lb></lb>ſia fatta; alle uolte anco ha l'eſſere & nel<lb></lb>l'animo, & fuora dell'animo, cioè nella ma<lb></lb>teria. </s> <s>Quando ha l'eſſere nell'animo, & ſi<lb></lb>milmente fuora, benche quello che è nella <pb xlink:href="038/01/067.jpg" pagenum="47"></pb>mente rappreſenti quello che è di fuori, non <lb></lb>dimeno tra loro è qualche differenza; percio <lb></lb>che quello che è nella mente è agente del mo<lb></lb>to, ouero operatione, & quello che è di fuo <lb></lb>ra, è ueramente fine del moto; ſi come per <lb></lb>eſſempio lo edificatore ha nell'animo la forma <lb></lb>della caſa, & anco (ouero al meno) può <lb></lb>eſſere eſſa caſa fuora dell'animo materialmen<lb></lb>te, onde la forma della caſa che è nell'animo <lb></lb>muoue lo edificatore a fare ogni opera per con <lb></lb>ſeguire la caſa materialmente ſimile a lei. <lb></lb></s> <s>Eccoui dunque che la forma della caſa nell'in<lb></lb>telletto è come agente, & la materiale è co<lb></lb>me fine di ogni attione. </s> <s>Quando ha ſolamen <lb></lb>te l'eſſere nell'animo, all'hora quella forma <lb></lb>che è nell'animo muoue in quanto agente, & <lb></lb>è ancora in quanto fine del moto; ilche Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele parlando dell'attione di Dio, & delle <lb></lb>intelligenze, diceua conuenirſi alle intelligen <lb></lb>ze per ſe, & non per accidente, ma ſe per <lb></lb>ſorte ſi ritrouaſſe hauere l'eſſere il fine in quel <lb></lb>modo che habbiamo detto nelle coſe naturali, <lb></lb>ouero artificiali, che era per accidente. </s> <s>On<lb></lb>de in concluſione ui dico che la riſolutione, <lb></lb>ſe ſarà delle coſe, il cui fine è ſolo nella men<lb></lb>te, incominciarà da eſſo fine; ſe anco ſarà del <lb></lb>le coſe, & che hanno il fine nella mente, & <lb></lb>anco fuori, incomincierà da quello che è nella <pb xlink:href="038/01/068.jpg" pagenum="48"></pb>mente, come quello, che è primo dell'altro <lb></lb>per eſſere principio & efficiente del moto, & <lb></lb>l'altro il fine, & come quello ancora, a che <lb></lb>ſi riferiſcono tutte le attioni, & parti, che <lb></lb>ſono ſotto di lui, come ben diceua la diffinitio <lb></lb>ne conuenirſi al uero fine. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Ò ottima <lb></lb>determinatione, di che certo non ſi potea da<lb></lb>re la migliore, ne che foſſe piu riſoluta, & <lb></lb>chiara, non ſaprei deſiderare piu coſa ueru<lb></lb>na, che neceſſaria foſſe a conoſcere perfetta<lb></lb>mente l'ordine riſolutiuo, eccetto che gli eſſem <lb></lb>pi in diuerſe facultà, come hauete promeſſo <lb></lb>di dare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Ò ui ſarà bene auanzato qualche <lb></lb>ſcropolo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Certo che per hora non ho che <lb></lb>dubitare: non uoglio dire che ſentendoui non <lb></lb>poſſa ancora uenire in qualche dubitatione, <lb></lb>ilche però quaſi non credo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Fate bene <lb></lb>a mettere la coſa in forſe, accioche non reſta<lb></lb>ſte poſcia ingannato. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io ho queſta ſpe<lb></lb>ranza di uoi, che quando bene io haueßi giu<lb></lb>rato nel nome uoſtro di piu non dubitare, che <lb></lb>mi aſſoluereſte, & non ui laſciareſti aggra<lb></lb>uare la fatica per ſatisfarmi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Di aſſol<lb></lb>uerui non starebbe a me, ma potrei bene ab<lb></lb>braciare quella fatica, laquale mai ho fug<lb></lb>gito, & meno fuggirò, purche io conoſca di <lb></lb>farui utile & appiacere; & per uenire a <lb></lb>quello che mi hauete domandato, eccoui <pb xlink:href="038/01/069.jpg" pagenum="49"></pb>l'eſſempio della riſolutione. </s> <s>Se uoi uolete ſa<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg50"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nare la febbre, è forza, che leuiate la cagio <lb></lb>ne immediata di eſſa, laquale è la putrefat<lb></lb>tione de gli humori, ecco che di qui naſcono <lb></lb>due intentioni, l'una che naſce dalla febbre, <lb></lb>l'altra che naſce dalla putrefattione de gli hu <lb></lb>mori; & quella che naſce dalla febbre a un <lb></lb>tratto ui dimoſtra, che uogliate leuare la <lb></lb>febbre che è in atto, & che uietiate ſimilmen <lb></lb>te cheun'altra di nuouo non ſi faccia la putre <lb></lb>fattione ſimilmente ui dimoſtra & che leuia<lb></lb>te quella putredine che è gia fatta, & che <lb></lb>prouediate anco con iſtrumenti conueneuoli, <lb></lb>che piu non ſe ne faccia di nuouo. </s> <s>A douere <lb></lb>uietare quello che ſi può fare che non ſi fac<lb></lb>cia, è di biſogno leuare la ſua cagione, che è <lb></lb>l'impedimento della reſpiratione, eſſa ſi leua<lb></lb>rà in due modi, & rimouendo gli humori, <lb></lb>che continuamente corrono, & accreſcono le <lb></lb>oſtruttioni, & euacuando ancora quegli che <lb></lb>con la ſua preſenza fanno le ſudette oſtruttio<lb></lb>ni, & quelli ſi leuaranno con il taglio della <lb></lb>uena, & queſti con gli aperienti. </s> <s>Oltra di <lb></lb>queſto, biſognarà anche procurare che tali ſu<lb></lb>perflui humori piu oltre non ſi generino, iqua <lb></lb>li poſſano di nuouo correre, & fare la oſtrut <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg51"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione, al che ſi prouederà con la ragione del <lb></lb>uiuere, cioè co'l fare che i cibi, il bere, <pb xlink:href="038/01/070.jpg" pagenum="50"></pb>l'aere, l'eſercitio, il ſonno, le uigilie, & la <lb></lb>euacuatione, & repletione, per numerarle <lb></lb>tutte, ſieno di tal maniera ordinati, che non <lb></lb>poſſano cauſare ecceſſo alcuno, ma piu toſto <lb></lb>con l'attemperare accreſcano la uirtù nel cor<lb></lb>po humano; & in queſto modo dal fine dell'ar <lb></lb>te, per mezo della riſolutione ſarete diuenuto <lb></lb>a i principij della operatione, che ſaranno i <lb></lb>medicamenti, & la ragione delle ſei coſe non <lb></lb>naturali. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Incomincierà dunque la com <lb></lb>poſitione da i medicamenti, & coſe non natu <lb></lb>rali nell'arte medicinale? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Incomincierà <lb></lb>certo. </s> <s>Che, ui è forſe nato di gia qualche <lb></lb>ſcropolo? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Certo sì, che non me ne ho <lb></lb>potuto tanto riparare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Hor ditelo. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non sò come (ſe i principij del medi<lb></lb>co ſono i medicamenti, & le coſe non natura <lb></lb>li) Auicenna habbia ſcritto la medicina nel <lb></lb>l'ordine compoſitiuo, come per lo piu de gli <lb></lb>ſcrittori tengono: perche eſſo incomincia da <lb></lb>gli elementi, & non da medicamenti. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s>Arguta, & dotta ueramente è la uo<lb></lb>ſtra dubitatione Morello, & tanto difficile <lb></lb>che diuerſe ſolutioni ſono state da diuerſi da<lb></lb>te, ma come ſatisfacciano al queſito uoi l'udi<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg52"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rere. </s> <s>Alcuni dicono che la medicina è cono <lb></lb>ſciuta dal medico, & dal filoſofo, ma però <lb></lb>diuerſamente perche il filoſofo conoſce tutte <pb xlink:href="038/01/071.jpg" pagenum="51"></pb>le parti della medicina, naturale, non natu<lb></lb>rale, & oltra natura, in quanto che tali ſo<lb></lb>no, ma però non ſono indirizzate, & meno <lb></lb>conoſciute in quanto che giouano alla conſer<lb></lb>uatione, ouero alla ricuperatione della perdu <lb></lb>ta ſanità. </s> <s>Ma il medico, ſupponendo la co<lb></lb>gnitione del filoſofo, gli conoſce in quanto che <lb></lb>gli poſſono recare aiuto nel ſanare, ouero nel <lb></lb>conſeruare la ſanità, però dicono eßi che quan <lb></lb>do Auicenna tratta nel principio diffuſamen<lb></lb>te de gli elementi, & de gli humori, confon<lb></lb>de la parte del filoſofo con quella del medico. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fin qui eglino hanno detto il uero, ma non <lb></lb>hanno gia leuata la dubitatione, perche non <lb></lb>hanno reſa la cagione perche incominci Aui<lb></lb>cenna da gli elementi, & Galeno nella coſti<lb></lb>tutione dell'arte (oue inſegna trattare la me<lb></lb>dicina nell'ordine riſolutiuo) poſe fine ne i me <lb></lb>dicamenti, da che incomincia la compoſitio<lb></lb>ne, & come anco ſi puo uedere nella riſolu<lb></lb>tione pur hora fatta da noi. </s> <s>Se pure non uo<lb></lb>leſſero dire copertamente (coſa che non cre<lb></lb>do) che Auicenna non ha uſato ordine ueru <lb></lb>no, ilche ſarebbe molto disdiceuole, & però <lb></lb>credo io che egli habbia uſato l'ordine compo <lb></lb>ſitiuo, & riſolutiuo inſieme, & accioche non <lb></lb>ui paia strano il dire che Auicenna habbia <lb></lb>uſato due ordini che ſi oppongono l'uno all'al-<pb xlink:href="038/01/072.jpg" pagenum="52"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg53"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tro. </s> <s>Douete ſapere che in qualunque facultà <lb></lb>ſi uoglia, o ſia arte o ſia pure ſcienza, che ſi <lb></lb>può conſiderare due maniere d'ordine, de qua <lb></lb>li uno s'aſpetta a i teoremi, ouero concetti <lb></lb>communi di quella facultà; l'altro che s'aſpet <lb></lb>ta a le coſe, ouero ſuggetto di quella facultà; <lb></lb>& è altra coſa conſiderare l'ordine de i teore <lb></lb>mi, altra conſiderare l'ordine delle coſe; & <lb></lb>però quando Auicenna propone di uoler trat<lb></lb>tare prima gli uniuerſali, & poi i particola <lb></lb>ri precetti dell'arte medicinale, intende de i <lb></lb>teoremi, & non delle coſe, & quaſi mi mo<lb></lb>ſtra a dito quale ordine ha da oſſeruare nella <lb></lb>medicina in quanto a i teoremi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Che co <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg54"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſa intende egli per particolari Teoremi? </s> <s>inten <lb></lb>de egli le ſpecie ultime de teoremi? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi <lb></lb>apunto, & Galeno inſieme per elementi del<lb></lb>l'arte inteſe le ſpecie de teoremi. </s> <s>Hora dun<lb></lb>que l'iſteſſo Auicenna dice, che il ſuo proceſſo <lb></lb>nella medicina ſarà da gli uniuerſali, a ſem<lb></lb>plici, & particolari teoremi: ui dimando <lb></lb>quale ſia quell'ordine, che ſerue il ſudetto <lb></lb>proceſſo, non è la riſolutione? </s> <s>adunque Aui <lb></lb>cenna in quanto a i teoremi ſerua l'ordine ri<lb></lb>ſolutiuo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Piano un poco di gratia, non <lb></lb>hauete uoi detto hor hora che la riſolutione <lb></lb>incomincia dal fine, & che il fine è quello, <lb></lb>alquale tutte le coſe innanzi a lui s'indirizza-<pb xlink:href="038/01/073.jpg" pagenum="53"></pb>no, & eſſo non ſarà indirizzato a coſa ueru <lb></lb>na, & che anco è quello, che prima muoue, <lb></lb>come potrà eſſere ordine riſolutiuo quello che <lb></lb>incomincia da gli uniuerſali teoremi, & uà <lb></lb>a i particolari, eſſendo che nell'arte medicina <lb></lb>le non ſi puo ritrouare teorema, alquale con <lb></lb>uengano le proprietà del fine. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come, <lb></lb>che non ui ſi ritroua teorema, ilquale è come <lb></lb>fine di tutta l'arte? </s> <s>Non pigliò Galeno la <lb></lb>diffinitione dell'arte nel libro della coſtitutione <lb></lb>dell'arte? </s> <s>& la riſolſe inſino alle ultime ſpecie <lb></lb>di teoremi? </s> <s>queſto non mi potete gia negare. <lb></lb></s> <s>Però anco Auicenna piglia queſto teorema <lb></lb>uniuerſale dell'arte, cioè la diffinitione dell'ar <lb></lb>te, & la riſolue inſino nelle ultime ſpecie di <lb></lb>teoremi, & però ſe noi riguardiamo (come <lb></lb>ho gia detto) li teoremi, ſerua l'ordine riſo<lb></lb>lutiuo, come ha fatto Galeno nel libro della <lb></lb>coſtitutione dell'arte, ma ſe riguardiamo le <lb></lb>coſe, noi diremo con gli altri che ei ſerua l'or <lb></lb>dine compoſitiuo, & però incomincia dalle <lb></lb>coſe piu ſemplici nell'arte, che ſono gli elemen <lb></lb>ti, & douete ſapere che l'ordine nelle coſe non <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg55"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è neceſſario, ſe una non depende dall'altra, co <lb></lb>me fanno nell'arte medicinale, perche (come <lb></lb>ben diceua Galeno) le coſe compoſte dependo <lb></lb>no dalle ſemplici, oue diceua che è coſa da <lb></lb>poco prudente nel dichiarare ſcienza, o arte <pb xlink:href="038/01/074.jpg" pagenum="54"></pb>andare dalle coſe compoſte alle ſemplici, eſſen <lb></lb>do che le compoſte dependono da eſſe ſempli<lb></lb>ci. </s> <s>Ilche conoſcendo bene Auicenna, deſide <lb></lb>roſo di farſi intendere, incominciò dalle coſe <lb></lb>ſemplici, alle compoſte andando; & che ui <lb></lb>parerebbe ſe ui diceßi che Galeno ha oſſerua<lb></lb>to l'iſteſſo ordine ne i libri del metodo curati<lb></lb>uo? </s> <s>noi ueggiamo chiarißimamente che egli <lb></lb>oſſerua quelle regole lequali eſſo ne ha inſe<lb></lb>gnate nel libro della coſtitutione dell'arte, <lb></lb>cioè incomincia da i Teoremi piu compoſti, & <lb></lb>uniuerſali, & ſe ne uà uerſo li ſemplicißimi, <lb></lb>& particolari. </s> <s>Ma ſe conſideriamo poi le <lb></lb>coſe, egli ſegue il compoſitiuo, & ſon ben <lb></lb>ſicuro, che uoi ui marauigliarete ſe con Aleſ<lb></lb>ſandro ui dirò che Ariſtotele ha ancor egli <lb></lb>nella filoſofia naturale uſato l'ordine riſoluti<lb></lb>uo, & che ha detto di propria bocca uolerlo <lb></lb>uſare quando nel quarto teſto (ſe ben mi rac<lb></lb>cordo) egli dice che ſi deue ſeruare queſto <lb></lb>ordine, cioè dall'uniuerſale, andare a i par<lb></lb>ticolari. </s> <s>Ilche interpretando Aleſſandro di<lb></lb>ce, che non debbiamo intendere per uniuerſa <lb></lb>le l'uniuerſale in predicare, ma dobbiamo in <lb></lb>tendere i concetti uniuerſali, come ſe diceſſe <lb></lb>Ariſtotele, che uuole procedere da i piu com<lb></lb>muni concetti a quelli che ſono particolari, & <lb></lb>coſi il proceſſo di eſſo ne i concetti, ſarà da <pb xlink:href="038/01/075.jpg" pagenum="55"></pb>gli uniuerſali a i particolari; & ſe uogliamo <lb></lb>anco auuertire a quello che dice Auerroe <lb></lb>nel prologo, noi non uederemo altro ordine <lb></lb>in Ariſtotele (parlando però quanto a i con <lb></lb>cetti) che quello che uà dall'uniuerſale al par <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg56"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ticolare. </s> <s>Onde per queſto ancora dobbiamo con <lb></lb>cludere che Ariſtotele in quanto a i concetti <lb></lb>ha uſato l'ordine riſolutiuo, in quanto poi alle <lb></lb>coſe ha uſato il compoſitiuo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Certamen <lb></lb>te ſe non haueſte moſtrato con la ragione in <lb></lb>mano quello che hauete detto, non ſolo mi <lb></lb>ſarei marauigliato, ma stupito; anzi hora <lb></lb>per dirui il uero stupiſco, come mai la ſotti<lb></lb>gliezza del uoſtro ingegno habbia potuto ri<lb></lb>trouare, & penetrare a ſi alti, & ſecreti <lb></lb>concetti, a quali appena tirato dalla ragione <lb></lb>poſſo io accenderui. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Secreti ſono quegli <lb></lb>che da un ſolo, & non piu ſono ſaputi, ma <lb></lb>io non ſon ſolo che habbia conoſciuta queſta <lb></lb>uerità. </s> <s>Onde ritornando a propoſito diremo <lb></lb>che Auicenna quanto s'aſpetta alli Teoremi <lb></lb>dell arte ha uſato l'ordine riſolutiuo, ilquale <lb></lb>è poco differente dalla uia diuiſiua ſecondo <lb></lb>Galeno. </s> <s>Ha uſato poi l'ordine compoſitiuo <lb></lb>in quanto alle coſe, cioè pigliando eſſe non in <lb></lb>quanto ſono nel concetto commune, ma in <lb></lb>quanto ſono parte, & ſemplici principij del <lb></lb>corpo humano. </s> <s>Queſta adunque al mio giu-<pb xlink:href="038/01/076.jpg" pagenum="56"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg57"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ditio è la cagione perche Auicenna habbia <lb></lb>incommciato da gli elementi, & non da i me <lb></lb>dicamenti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ha poi egli oſſeruato intie<lb></lb>ramente gli ordini che hauete detto ſeruare. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non gia eſquiſitamente, perche ſe ben <lb></lb>riguardiamo nel proceſſo del ſudetto Auicen <lb></lb>na, noi uederemo che nell'uno, & nell'altro <lb></lb>ordine non ſerua in tutto in tutto quello che <lb></lb>douerebbe, & uorrebbono eßi ordini, & ue <lb></lb>deremo oltra di cio che tratta le coſe in modo <lb></lb>tale, che confonde la parte del filoſofo con <lb></lb>quella del medico. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hor ſia come ſi uo<lb></lb>glia, riſoluetemi di gratia tutta l'arte medi<lb></lb>cinale, perche ſpero che queſta riſolutione mi <lb></lb>liberarà da molti intrichi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mi dimanda <lb></lb>te, anzi mi uolete aſtrignere a pigliare un <lb></lb>carico piu graue di quello che ui penſate, <lb></lb>perche d'una riſolutione della medicina che <lb></lb>mi domandate ſarò aſtretto per ſodisfarui a <lb></lb>faruene due. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mi rincreſce certo a im<lb></lb>porui tanto peſo ſopra le ſpalle, ma non poſſo <lb></lb>fare di meno, non uolendo reſtare ſenza qual<lb></lb>che oſcuraggine nella mente. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Horsù fac <lb></lb>ciaſi a uoſtro modo, & il tutto dicaſi breue<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg58"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mente, ponendo che la ſanità è fine della me<lb></lb>dicina, laquale ouero che è preſente, ouero <lb></lb>abſente: ſupponiamo che ſia preſente, per <lb></lb>conſeruarla fu di miſtiero di conſeruare <pb xlink:href="038/01/077.jpg" pagenum="57"></pb>l'equalità nel corpo humano; & in che mo<lb></lb>do conſeruaremo noi l'equalità? </s> <s>ſe conoſcen<lb></lb>do le cauſe effettrici di eſſa ſanità, & le cau<lb></lb>ſe parimente del ſuggetto di eſſa, ci sforzare<lb></lb>mo di operare talmente, che eſſe ſieno tali, <lb></lb>che poſſano conſeruare la ſudetta ſanità; & <lb></lb>prima incominciaremo dalle cauſe efficienti <lb></lb>come da piu uniuerſali, & ultime, lequali <lb></lb>per una certa analogia che hanno col corpo <lb></lb>ſano, & ammalato, ſono chiamate cauſe ſa<lb></lb>lubri, & inſalubri, de quali alcune ſono <lb></lb>neceſſarie come l'aere, il cibo, il bere; al<lb></lb>cune altre ſono meno neceſſarie, uoglio dire <lb></lb>che non ſono di tanta neceßità all'huomo, <lb></lb>quanta le prime. </s> <s>& ſono l'eſſercitio, il ſon<lb></lb>no, le uigilie, la repletione, & euacuatio<lb></lb>ne, & ſecondo alcuni ancora il coito. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Le ſei coſe adunque non naturali ſono <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg59"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lc cauſe effettrici della ſanità, ma ditemi qua <lb></lb>le di queſte ſi dourà trattare in prima? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per non hauere tra di loro riſpetto di <lb></lb>primo, & ultimo, ouero di tutto, & par<lb></lb>te, quali ſono cagioni dell'ordine, poſſono <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg60"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſere trattate da ciaſcuno ſecondo che gli pia <lb></lb>ce. </s> <s>Tuttauia uolendoli dare quello piu con<lb></lb>ueniente che poſſono hauere, deueſi prima <lb></lb>trattare delle uniuerſali, e come in queſto ha <lb></lb>fatto bene Auicenna cominciando dall'aere; <pb xlink:href="038/01/078.jpg" pagenum="58"></pb>nel reſto ſi deue ſeruare l'ordine accidentale <lb></lb>ſe ſi può, quando nò raccorraſi al metodo; <lb></lb>che ſarà da trattare in prima delle piu cono<lb></lb>ſciute. </s> <s>Trattato poi che ſi ha delle cauſe con <lb></lb>ſeruatrici della ſanità, ſi deue di poi uenire <lb></lb>alle cauſe del ſuggetto, lequali ouero che ſo<lb></lb>no materiali, ouero formali: le formali ſono <lb></lb>le uirtù, & operationi; le materiali ſono gli <lb></lb>elementi, & gli humori, & tra queſti ſi <lb></lb>ſeruarà il metodo cominciando dalle piu note <lb></lb>che ſono le formali, & però ſi diſtingueran<lb></lb>no le uirtù, & operationi nelle ſue proprie <lb></lb>ſpecie, & da queſte ſi uerrà alli materiali, <lb></lb>& prima ſi trattarà de i membri compoſti, & <lb></lb>poi de ſemplici, à quali ſeguiranno le tempe<lb></lb>rature, gli humori, & finalmente gli ele<lb></lb>menti; & qui farà fine la prima riſolutione, <lb></lb>laquale compita, non occorre che altro fac<lb></lb>cia il medico, ſe non pigliarſene le cauſe con<lb></lb>ſeruatrici, & adoperarle in conſeruare, & <lb></lb>tutte le altre che concorrono alla coſtitutione <lb></lb>del corpo ſano. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſta è la riſolutio <lb></lb>ne che fece Ariſtotele nel ſettimo della Meta<lb></lb>fiſica, ſe ben mi raccordo, laquale uoi piu <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg61"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>facilmente hauete eſplicata, & però ui aſpet<lb></lb>to ſenza indugio à fare la riſolutione della <lb></lb>ſanità che deue eſſere ricuperata. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se <lb></lb>la ſanità è abſente, biſogna per ricuperarla, <pb xlink:href="038/01/079.jpg" pagenum="59"></pb>ricuperare la equalità del corpo di già perdu<lb></lb>ta, & queſto ſi farà co'l mezo delle cauſe <lb></lb>efficienti della qualità, quali ſono tre, la <lb></lb>dieta, la farmacia, & chirurgia, ciaſcuno <lb></lb>di queſti tre generi di cauſe deue eſſere diuiſo <lb></lb>nelle ſue ſpecie, & da queſti poi biſogna ue<lb></lb>nire à i ſuggetti, & conſiderare la inequa<lb></lb>lità di eßi, lequali ò che ſono nelli membri, <lb></lb>ò ne gli humori, ouero nelle temperature, & <lb></lb>finalmente ſi deue uenire riſoluendo queſte <lb></lb>parti come fatto habbiamo nell'altra riſolutio<lb></lb>ne inſino à gli elementi; & qui finiſce la riſo<lb></lb>lutione della ſanità perduta, laquale è oppo<lb></lb>ſita all'ordine compoſitiuo, che ha ſeruato Aui <lb></lb>cenna; percioche doue finiſce eſſa riſolutione, <lb></lb>incomincia la compoſitione; & perche finiſce <lb></lb>da gli elementi, & però da eßi comincia <lb></lb>Auicenna, & ueramcnte ſi potrebbe tolera<lb></lb>re Auicenna in quanto à gli ordini, al parer <lb></lb>mio, ſe non confondeſſe, come ho già detto, <lb></lb>la parte del filoſofo con quella del medico. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Qui mi naſcono molte difficultà, di<lb></lb>co, intorno à queſte riſolutioni, percioche <lb></lb>mi pare che uoi per fauorire eſſo Auicenna, <lb></lb>habbiate contradetto ad Ariſtotele, & à Ga<lb></lb>leno: ma per non entrare in coſi profondo pe<lb></lb>lago uoglio quietarmi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ditemi di gra<lb></lb>tia quali ſieno; perche altramente io reſtarei <pb xlink:href="038/01/080.jpg" pagenum="60"></pb>tutto hoggi ſoſpeſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Purche poi non ue <lb></lb>ne pentiate, ogni coſa andarà bene. </s> <s>Ariſto<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg62"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tele nel ſettimo della metafiſica dice, che noi <lb></lb>dobbiamo riſoluere il fine inſino nel principio, <lb></lb>dalquale noi poßiamo incominciare ad opera<lb></lb>re, parlando de le facultà che ſono con con<lb></lb>ſultatione, cioè delle arti, & dà l'eſſempio <lb></lb>dell'ecceſſo della calidità, ilquale uolendolo <lb></lb>emendare, fà di meſtiero che noi lo conoſciamo, <lb></lb>& non lo potiamo conoſcere ſe non contaua<lb></lb>mo prima il ſuo ſuggetto, & le ſue operatio<lb></lb>ni; ecco adunque che nella riſolutione ſi ante<lb></lb>pongono le cauſe naturali, coſi formali, co<lb></lb>me materiali, lequali concorrono à fare cono <lb></lb>ſcere eſſo ecceſſo della calidità, & conoſciuto <lb></lb>che habbiamo l'ecceſſo, debbiamo poi riſol<lb></lb>uere le cauſe effettrici, della ſanità, lequali <lb></lb>correggono l'ecceſſo nella calidità, & ne la <lb></lb>ritornano al proprio stato, & grado; & in <lb></lb>queſto modo la riſolutione finirà doue incomin <lb></lb>cierà la compoſitione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A queſto io non <lb></lb>ho altra riſpoſta di quella, che ui ho con mia <lb></lb>gran fatica data di ſopra, ſe alla giornata <lb></lb>mi occorrcrà ſolutione, che io giudichi douer <lb></lb>ui acquietare l'intelletto, non mancarò di <lb></lb>faruene parte. </s> <s>Per tanto contentateui di quel <lb></lb>la che detta habbiamo, & perche ſalua <lb></lb>Auicenna, & ſalua anco Ariſtotele con <pb xlink:href="038/01/081.jpg" pagenum="61"></pb>Galeno inſieme. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io mi contento pur <lb></lb>troppo della ſolutione che hauete data, ma <lb></lb>mi è paruto iſtrano che uoi habbiaté nella ri<lb></lb>ſolutione uoluto piu toſto eſſere con Auicenna, <lb></lb>che con gli altri, & che habbiate uoluto che <lb></lb>egli ſia stato ordinatißimo, dico nel diſporre <lb></lb>ciaſcuna parte. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi ho detto che <lb></lb>non ha nel congiugnere le parti inſieme ſer<lb></lb>uato esquiſito ordine, ma ho fatta la riſolu<lb></lb>tione, laquale ſi oppone alla ſua compoſitio<lb></lb>ne per moſtrarui in che modo egli ſi poſſa ſal<lb></lb>uare. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hor ſono contento di quello che <lb></lb>uolete uoi, ueniamo pure alla riſolutione del <lb></lb>le altre arti, & ſcorriamo al fine. </s> <s>Il fine <lb></lb>della caſa è come gia è stato detto, cioè che <lb></lb>ne guardi da pioggie, & da tempeſtuoſi tem<lb></lb>pi, & da ogni ſorte di offenſione, che ne poſſa <lb></lb>eſſer fatta, ò da nemici, ouero da animali <lb></lb>irrationali, ò altre cagioni eſteriori. </s> <s>Ecco <lb></lb>che per conoſcere il fine della caſa, biſogna <lb></lb>conoſcere le ſorti delle offeſe, & queſta cogni <lb></lb>tione non è riſolutione, ma cognitione di eßo <lb></lb>fine, come diceuate uoi della medicina; & qui <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg63"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi deue notare che colui che riſolue, comincia <lb></lb>dal fine eſterno non à riſolutione, ma à cono<lb></lb>ſcere, percioche è il primo ( come hauete <lb></lb>detto) che muoue l'intelletto alla riſolutione: <lb></lb>perche ſi come la unità non è numero, benche <pb xlink:href="038/01/082.jpg" pagenum="62"></pb>ſia principio del numero, coſi parimente il <lb></lb>fine eſterno è principio della riſolutione, ma <lb></lb>eſſo però non è nella riſolutione; & percio <lb></lb>bene hanno detto coloro, che negarono la ri<lb></lb>ſolutione incominciare dal fine eſterno, cioè <lb></lb>che il fine eſterno ſi riſolueſſe, perche la ri<lb></lb>ſolutione incomincia ſolamente à riſoluere il <lb></lb>fine interno, quantunque dalla cognitione del <lb></lb>l'ultimo fine ce ne ueniamo à ritrouare gli im <lb></lb>mediati principij, mediati, remoti, & re<lb></lb>motißimi delle arti; ne starò à riſoluere la ca<lb></lb>ſa perche di ſopra la riſolueſte uoi à pieno; <lb></lb>hora mò ui aſpetto con l'eſſempio della filoſo<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg64"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fia. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Eccolo ſenza indugio. </s> <s>Il fine del <lb></lb>filoſofo naturale è il conoſcere il corpo natura<lb></lb>le; la cui cognitione conſiſte nelle ſpetie, on<lb></lb>de baſta al filoſofo naturale à conoſcere tutte <lb></lb>le ſpetie de i corpi miſti, coſi perſetti, come <lb></lb>imperfetti; & de perfetti coſi animati, come <lb></lb>inanimati; & de animati coſi ſenſibili, come <lb></lb>inſenſibili; de ſenſibili coſi rationali, come <lb></lb>irrationali, quali tutti non ſi poſſono cono<lb></lb>ſcere ſenza la cognitione de i loro principij, <lb></lb>cioè materia, fine, forma, & efficiente, per <lb></lb>tanto fa di meſtieri di conoſcere le cauſe che <lb></lb>le producono, gli elementi, & i principij di <lb></lb>eßi elementi: à talche dalla cognitione del <lb></lb>fine riſoluendo diuiene à ritrouare tutte le <pb xlink:href="038/01/083.jpg" pagenum="63"></pb>parti, ò principij del corpo naturale ordina<lb></lb>tamente inſino à gli ultimi, & remotißimi <lb></lb>principij. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Con queſto iſteſſo ordine <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg65"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>(come ben dice Simplicio) Ariſtotele trattò <lb></lb>la Dialettica, ilquale poſtosì à uoler dire del<lb></lb>la dimoſtratione, la riſolſe à parte, à parte <lb></lb>inſino alli ſuoi primi principij. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi <lb></lb>di piu ui uoglio dire che il Grammatico ſi ſer<lb></lb>ue medeſimamente della riſolutione, non che <lb></lb>à dire de gli arteſici di qualche importanza: <lb></lb>percioche egli riſolue l'oratione ſuo proprio <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg66"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fine in periodi, li periodi in elauſule, & <lb></lb>quelle indittioni, & le dittioni in ſillabe, & <lb></lb>le ſillabe in lettere, che ſono proprij elcmenti <lb></lb>di quell'arte. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non riſolue egli poi le <lb></lb>lettere nelle ſue parti, cioè in A, b, c, & c. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſta non è riſolutione, ma è meto<lb></lb>do diuiſiuo, perche la diuiſione, come ui dißi, <lb></lb>ſe ben mi raccordo, è differente dalla riſolutio <lb></lb>ne, perche ella diuide il genere nelle ſpecie, & <lb></lb>la riſolutione riſolue il ſine in principij, che è <lb></lb>attione molto differente dalla diuiſione. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Benche l'habbiate detto, non l'haue<lb></lb>ua non dimeno bene inteſo ſino à queſt hora, <lb></lb>però ſeguite. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Fa il logico come haue<lb></lb>te detto, la riſolutione, & piglia il ſuo ſine, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg67"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cioè il ſillogismo, & lo riſolue poiche l'ha <lb></lb>diuiſo nelle ſue parti, ne' ſuoi principij, la <pb xlink:href="038/01/084.jpg" pagenum="64"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg68"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cui diuiſione è che eſſo ſillogismo, ò che è pen <lb></lb>fetto ouero imperfetto; & l'imperfetto ò che è <lb></lb>indutione, ò eſſempio, ouero entimema: il <lb></lb>perfetto parimente ſi diuide in ſillogismo con<lb></lb>tingente, elcnchico, per dir coſi, & neceſ<lb></lb>ſario. </s> <s>Hora, poi che egli ha adoperato il me<lb></lb>todo diuiſiuo, prende ciaſcuna di queſte par<lb></lb>ti, & la riſolue ne i mediati ſuoi principij; <lb></lb>come per eſſempio la demoſtratione in princi<lb></lb>pij materiali, & formali, & di nuouo ado<lb></lb>pera la diuiſione diuidendo eßi principij nelle <lb></lb>ſue ſpecie, pigliando di nuouo queſti principij <lb></lb>gli riſolue in altri principij, cioè in prepoſi<lb></lb>tioni, uerbi gratia, in maggiore propoſitione, <lb></lb>in minore, & concluſione, poiche ha diuiſa <lb></lb>la propoſitione nelle ſue parti, ò ſpecie che ne <lb></lb>uogliam dire, ſubito riſolue ciaſcuna di loro <lb></lb>ne i ſuoi principij, che ſono i termini della <lb></lb>propoſitione, & qui non paſſa il logico. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non hauete di ſopra mai parlato tan<lb></lb>to chiaramente, come la riſolutione ſia diffe<lb></lb>rente dalla diuiſione, o ucramente che io non <lb></lb>haueua inteſo; ma mi ſouuiene una dubitatio<lb></lb>ne, perche mi pare che la diuiſione ſia da <lb></lb>eſſer poſta tra gli ordini uniuerſali, percioche <lb></lb>ella ua ſempre al pari della riſolutione. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non è da diſprezzare queſta dubitatio <lb></lb>ne, ma auuertite che per due cagioni la <pb xlink:href="038/01/085.jpg" pagenum="65"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg69"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuiſione non ha da eſſer poſta tra gli ordini <lb></lb>uniuerſali; prima eſſa ſerue alla riſolutione, <lb></lb>& non può diſporre un'arte, anzi alle uolte <lb></lb>la riſolutione potrà fare ſenza la diuiſione, <lb></lb>maßime quando il fine ſuo è ſemplice, & non <lb></lb>ha ſpecie. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto la diuiſione non è <lb></lb>ordine, perche non ordina le coſe à termine <lb></lb>alcuno, come fa la riſolutione i principij à i <lb></lb>principiati. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Di tutto hora ſono capa<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg70"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cißimo, andate pure auanti. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il mate<lb></lb>matico ancora adopera la riſolutione, come <lb></lb>bene ſi può uedere nell'arismetica di Boetio, <lb></lb>ilquale riſolue un numero in un'altro, & <lb></lb>l'altro in un'altro, fino à tanto che diuiene alla <lb></lb>unità. </s> <s>Euclide adopera parimente la riſolutio <lb></lb>ne, doue parla della quantità coſi diſcreta, <lb></lb>come concreta. </s> <s>Se ne ſerue parimente Proclo, <lb></lb>& il Campano interpreti di eſſo, i quali riſol<lb></lb>uono le ultime paßioni ne i ſuoi principij fino à <lb></lb>tanto che diuengono alle diffinitioni, petitio<lb></lb>ni, & commumtà; principij indemoſtrabili <lb></lb>di quella facultà. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come che il Mate<lb></lb>matico adopera la riſolutione eſſendo che i <lb></lb>principij matematici ſono ugualmente noti, & <lb></lb>in quanto alla natura, & in quanto à noi, <lb></lb>& percio ua il matematico ſempre da i princi<lb></lb>pij à i principiati, & uoi uolete che adoperi <lb></lb>la riſolutione, il cui proceſſo è da i principiati <pb xlink:href="038/01/086.jpg" pagenum="66"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg71"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>à i principij. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non starò à dilatarmi <lb></lb>molto in queſta materia, come fanno alcuni, <lb></lb>perche il tempo è breue. </s> <s>Dico dunque che il <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg72"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>matematico ſi ſerue, & ſi può ragioneuol<lb></lb>mente ſeruire dell'ordine riſolutiuo, ma non <lb></lb>gia del metodo, cioè ſi ſerue della riſolutione <lb></lb>per ritrouare l'ordine che è tra la cauſa, & il <lb></lb>cauſato, & per conoſcere parimente ſe quelli <lb></lb>principij ſono immediati, & cagionc di tale <lb></lb>effetto, & non per fare che ſieno conoſciuti <lb></lb>eßi principij per mezo de gli effetti, ò prin<lb></lb>cipiati, ouero le cauſe per mezo de cauſati; <lb></lb>&seccone un particolare eſſempio. </s> <s>Il matema <lb></lb>tico diſcorre dalla paßione poſteriore, che è <lb></lb>che il triangolo habbia tre angoli eguali à <lb></lb>due retti, la qual paßione ( accioche non ne <lb></lb>intrichiamo, & accio anche uſiamo li termi<lb></lb>ni matematici ) la chiamarò B. & quella <lb></lb>paßione che è prima di lei, la chiamarò A. <lb></lb>laquale è l'angolo eſtrinſeco eſſere equiualen<lb></lb>te à due oppoſiti intrinſeci. </s> <s>Col mezo della <lb></lb>riſolutione, ouero diſcorſo che farò dal B. <lb></lb>al A. non trouarò, & chiarirò aſſolutamen<lb></lb>te queſta A. ma notarò ſolamente queſta con<lb></lb>ditione, che eſſa A. è cauſa adequata di <lb></lb>eſſa B. perche tra l'una, & l'altra non cade <lb></lb>mezo, & da qui uerrò in cognitione dellor<lb></lb>dine che dcue eſſere tra loro, cioè che l'A. <pb xlink:href="038/01/087.jpg" pagenum="67"></pb>eſſendo cauſa della B. debbia precedere ad <lb></lb>eſſa B. & quello che noi habbiamo detto in <lb></lb>queſto eſſempio applicatelo uoi à tutte le ma<lb></lb>tematice. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mi piace queſta ſolutione, <lb></lb>dalla quale comprendo che ogni ſorte di facul<lb></lb>tà può eſſere trattata con l'ordine riſolutiuo. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Poſſono indubitatamente; anzi ui ho <lb></lb>detto & replico di piu, che neſſuno artefice <lb></lb>ſenza queſto ordine riſolutiuo può mai troua<lb></lb>re coſa ueruna perfettamente. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> È certa <lb></lb>mente utilißimo, & forſe piu d'ogni altro <lb></lb>neceſſario per quello che fin qui poſſo uedere, <lb></lb>benche non ui habbia ancora udito dire tanto <lb></lb>de gli altri ordini, quanto hauete di queſto. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Quando bene ſentiſte tutto ciò che in<lb></lb>torno à gli altri ſi puo dire, non mutareſte <lb></lb>mai parere, perche egli è ueramente coſi, <lb></lb>come uoi hauete detto. </s> <s>Però non aſpettate che <lb></lb>per farui parere piu degno l'ordine compoſiti<lb></lb>uo, habbia da ſpendere molte parole, perche <lb></lb>uoi ſapete gia che la compoſitione ſi oppone <lb></lb>alla riſolutione, & percio ſe ui ſono due ſorti <lb></lb>( come hauete inteſo) di riſolutione, è coſa <lb></lb>ragioneuole che parimente ſieno anco due ſpe<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg73"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cie di compoſitione; l'una cioè reale, & l'al<lb></lb>tra fatta dall'intelletto, laquale alcuni chia<lb></lb>mano logica compoſitione, & ſi diuide in <lb></lb>compoſitione di coſe primi, & in compoſitione <pb xlink:href="038/01/088.jpg" pagenum="68"></pb>di teoremi, ma ſia pigliata come ſi uoglia, <lb></lb>ella è quella che l'intelletto per ſe steſſo ſenza <lb></lb>hauerne dalla natura eſſempio ha ritrouato; <lb></lb>ſia mò riſolutione di teoremi, ò di coſe gia <lb></lb>fatte, come concetti, ò altro che di queſto <lb></lb>non curo; baſta che la compoſitione, & la ri<lb></lb>ſolutione uerſano nelle iſteſſe coſe, & non <lb></lb>ſono differenti in altro, ſe non che il fine di <lb></lb>una è principio dell'altra, coſi in una ſorte di <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg74"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>compoſitione, ò riſolutione, come nell altra. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dobbiamo auuertire in queſto luogo forſe quel <lb></lb>lo che non habbiamo nella riſolutione reale <lb></lb>annotato, che tre ſono le ſorti della compoſi<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg75"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tione reale, una che ſi fa di parti, che quan<lb></lb>do ſono compoſte, ſono in luoghi diſtinti, co<lb></lb>me è nell'animale, la carne, & l'oſſa, & le <lb></lb>altre parti, le quali compongono l'huomo, <lb></lb>& ſono in appartati luoghi; & come anco <lb></lb>ſono le parti della caſa che è ſaßi, calcina, le<lb></lb>gni, & ſimili, lequali ſi come ſono diuerſi <lb></lb>tra loro, coſi anco occupano diuerſi luoghi <lb></lb>nella caſa, che tutti inſieme compongono. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vi è poi un'altra ſorte di compoſitione, nella <lb></lb>quale le parti del compoſto ſono tra loro con<lb></lb>fuſe, ne alcuna di loro ha luogo appartato, <lb></lb>come ſarebbe per cſſempio la ceruoſa, ò altro <lb></lb>ſimile è compoſto da queſte due parti, cioè <lb></lb>acqua, & mele, però nè l'una nè l'altra ha <pb xlink:href="038/01/089.jpg" pagenum="69"></pb>proprio luogo; ma tra loro talmente ſono mi<lb></lb>ste, che piu non poſſono realmente eſſere ſe<lb></lb>parate. </s> <s>La terza ſorte di compoſitione reale <lb></lb>è come quando noi diciamo che la statua è di <lb></lb>metallo, & di figura quadrata, come che la <lb></lb>statua riſulti da queſte due parti, lequali, non <lb></lb>ſono tra loro miſte, ma non ſono però ne an<lb></lb>che in diuerſi luoghi; & queſte ſono dunque <lb></lb>le ſpetie della compoſitione reale, lequali ui <lb></lb>ſeruiranno anco alla riſolutione. </s> <s>La compo<lb></lb>ſitione, laquale chiamiamo fatta dall'intellet <lb></lb>to, potrebbe ancora eſſa eſſere diuiſa, hauen <lb></lb>do riſpetto alle diuerſe maniere de concetti; <lb></lb>ma non eſſendo queſto tanto neceſſario alla ſca <lb></lb>la che intendiamo di fare, me la paſſarò. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Vſate pure la uoſtra ſolita breuità, <lb></lb>perche à mio giuditio è stato detto tanto, che <lb></lb>baſtarebbe alla cognitione di tutti: pure à <lb></lb>maggiore chiarezza, poi che non accade di <lb></lb>replicare la diffinitione dell'ordine compoſiti<lb></lb>uo, ſe mi uolete dare eſſempio anco di queſto, <lb></lb>& del definitiuo ancora, ſiate breue, accio<lb></lb>che tutta l'opera uoſtra hoggi non ſia ſpeſa <lb></lb>per conto mio ſolamente, che di tanto non mi <lb></lb>ueggio degno, ma ſia per altri ancora, come <lb></lb>porta il douere. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> ò mi piacerebbe <lb></lb>che mi lodaſſe, ſe da douero diceſte, ma mi <lb></lb>contento di ſatisfarui preſto, accio uoi habbiate <pb xlink:href="038/01/090.jpg" pagenum="70"></pb>anche tempo di attendere à uoſtri altri nego<lb></lb>cij. </s> <s>Hora l'ordine compoſitiuo è inſtrumen<lb></lb>to, come di già è stato detto, diſpoſitiuo, il<lb></lb>quale adoperiamo à ridurre tutte le coſe al <lb></lb>ſuo principio, & è oppoſto dirittamente al ri<lb></lb>ſolutiuo: imperoche oue finiſſe il riſolutiuo, <lb></lb>iui comincia il compoſitiuo, & camminano <lb></lb>amendue per li medeſimi paßi. </s> <s>Nel compo<lb></lb>ſitiuo pare, che tutte le coſe dependino da i <lb></lb>principij, & neceſſariamente da quegli na<lb></lb>ſcano, & di qui ueggiamo chiaramente che <lb></lb>eſſo compoſitiuo, in altro non è punto differen<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg76"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te dal riſolutiuo che ſi ſia il uiaggio da Ro<lb></lb>ma à Vinegia, da quello che è da Vinegia à <lb></lb>Roma; & ſi come queſti due camini ſono per <lb></lb>una medeſima strada, ma uno ſi parte da un <lb></lb>luogo, & ua à quello, dal quale ſi parte l'al <lb></lb>tro; coſi doue incomincia la riſolutione, fini <lb></lb>ſce la compoſitione, & doue, per il contra<lb></lb>rio comincia la compoſitione, iui finiſce la ri<lb></lb>ſolutione. </s> <s>Ma accioche ſi poſſa uedere aper<lb></lb>tamente da' quali principij incomincia la com <lb></lb>poſitione, ueggiamo di quante ſorti di princi<lb></lb>pij ſi ritrouano, ouero, per dir meglio, co<lb></lb>me Ariſtotele habbia diuiſo i principij, ilqua <lb></lb>le diceua nel primo libro della poſteriora che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg77"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>molte ſono le ſorti de principij, cioè ò ſono <lb></lb>principij conipleßi, ouero incompleßi, & il <pb xlink:href="038/01/091.jpg" pagenum="71"></pb>compleſſo è come diffinitione, poſitione, ſup <lb></lb>poſitione, & dignità, lequali ſono chiamati <lb></lb>da gli artefici, theoremi delle arti, & queſti <lb></lb>tali principij di nuouo ſi diſtinguono: percio<lb></lb>che ouero ſono principij dell'eſſere della coſa di <lb></lb>che ſono principij, ouero che ſono principij <lb></lb>della cognitione di eſſa coſa, ouero anco tanto <lb></lb>ſono principij della cognitione, come dell'eſſe<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg78"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re. </s> <s>Ma perche in due modi ſi può hauere co<lb></lb>gnitioni d'una coſa, ouero per uia de ſenſi (& <lb></lb>queſta cognitione ſi chiama coſi cognitione, in <lb></lb>quanto à noi, percioche, come ben diceua eſ<lb></lb>ſo Ariſtotele, ogni noſtra cognitione ha prin<lb></lb>cipio da i ſenſi) ouero può anco eſſere conoſciu <lb></lb>ta per uia delle ſue cauſe, & queſta tale co<lb></lb>gnitione è propria della natura, & per tale ra <lb></lb>gione ſi diuidono adunque i principij della co <lb></lb>gnitione in principij della cognitione in quan<lb></lb>to à noi, & in principij della cognitione in <lb></lb>quanto à eſſa natura. </s> <s>Ma perche ſi ritroua<lb></lb>no principij, i quali ſono principij della cogni <lb></lb>tione in quanto à noi, & in quanto alla natu<lb></lb>ra, come ſono i principij matematici; quindi <lb></lb>naſce che ſi pone la terza ſpecie. </s> <s>Hora fat<lb></lb>ta che noi habbiamo la diuiſione de i principij, <lb></lb>meglio ſarà di traſcorrere alla prima noſtra <lb></lb>intentione, cioè à uedere da quale ſorte di <lb></lb>principij incominci la compoſitione, ouero ſe <pb xlink:href="038/01/092.jpg" pagenum="72"></pb>ella incomincia da qualunque ſorte indifferen <lb></lb>temente, ouero da appartati principij. </s> <s>Ma <lb></lb>per conoſcere queſta tal coſa, fa biſogno di rac <lb></lb>cordarſi della prima diuiſione della compoſitio <lb></lb>ne, cioè che la compoſitione è oueramente rea <lb></lb>le, ò pure compoſitione de i teoremi; & ſe pi <lb></lb>gliamo la reale, dico che incomincia da prin<lb></lb>cipij incompleßi, & che ſono principij della <lb></lb>cognitione, & dell'eſſere ancora, come beniſ<lb></lb>ſimo nella filoſofia naturale appare, perche <lb></lb>ella incomincia dalla materia & forma, liqua <lb></lb>li ſono principij dell'eſſere del corpo naturale, <lb></lb>& ſono etiandio principij della cognitione in <lb></lb>quanto alla natura; perche chi conoſce la pro <lb></lb>pria forma, & la propria materia del corpo <lb></lb>naturale, conoſce le ſue cauſe proprie, & chi <lb></lb>conoſce le cauſe del corpo naturale ha cognitio <lb></lb>ne di quello ſecondo la natura. </s> <s>Può anco m<lb></lb>cominciare la compoſitione reale da principij <lb></lb>incompleßi, liquali, & ſecondo eſſa natura, <lb></lb>& ſecondo noi ſaranno principij della cogni<lb></lb>tione, & dell'eſſere ancora, come ſi può uede <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg79"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re nelle matematice, nelle quali s'incomincia <lb></lb>dalla unità, dal punto, & ſi uà da queſti prin <lb></lb>cipij à compoſti, cioè alla linea, alla ſuper<lb></lb>ficie, al corpo triangolare, & ſimili. </s> <s>Il me <lb></lb>deſimo ſi può parimente dire della compoſitio<lb></lb>ne che ſi fa nelle arti, hauendo ſolo riſpetto <pb xlink:href="038/01/093.jpg" pagenum="73"></pb>alle coſe, & non a i concetti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Ò bel modo di trattare. </s> <s>Quello che uoi tra<lb></lb>laſciaſte nella diuiſione de i principi, hora lo <lb></lb>hauete repigliato. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per due cagio<lb></lb>ni fui moſſo à tralaſciarlo: l'una perche io ſa <lb></lb>peuo che uoi hauendo la diuiſione de i princi<lb></lb>pij compleßi hauereſte anco trouata quella de <lb></lb>gli incompleßi con il uoſtro acuto ingegno: <lb></lb>l'altra anco per iſpedirmene piu toſto. </s> <s>Hora <lb></lb>ueniamo alla compoſitione de i teoremi, la<lb></lb>quale medeſimamente incomincia coſi nelle ar <lb></lb>ti, come nelle ſcienze, ouero, almeno inco<lb></lb>minciare può da qualunque ſorte di princi<lb></lb>pio, ancora che nell'arte la compoſitione in<lb></lb>cominci per lo piu da i principij dell'eſſere del <lb></lb>l'arte, & della cognitione in quanto à noi. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſta compoſitione dell'arte in quan <lb></lb>to à teoremi, io la stimo difficile, coſi nelle <lb></lb>ſcienze, come nelle arti, perche non ſo pun<lb></lb>to uedere ſe alcuno habbia trattato facultà <lb></lb>alcuna ſecondo queſto ordine. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La <lb></lb>difficultà non leua la poßibilità, come uoi ſa<lb></lb>pete, anzi eredo io che non ſia ſolo difficile, <lb></lb>ma difficilißima, perche è grandißima difficul<lb></lb>tà à raccorre tutti i teoremi, diffinitioni, & <lb></lb>finalmente tutti i principij compleßi di una fa<lb></lb>cultà. </s> <s>Ma queſto ui baſti per hora in quan<lb></lb>to ſi aſpetta a i principij, da quali incomincia <pb xlink:href="038/01/094.jpg" pagenum="74"></pb>la compoſitione, ancorche io ſappia che que<lb></lb>sta materia haurebbe di biſogno d'un lungo <lb></lb>parlare, ma il tempo non ce lo comporta; & <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg80"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſappiate che la compoſitione ſia ò reale, oue<lb></lb>ro fatta dall'intelletto è molto piu difficile nel<lb></lb>le arti che nelle ſcienze, perche ella è piu na<lb></lb>turale che artificiale, percioche la natura iſteſ<lb></lb>ſa l'ha prodotta, ſi come le altre ſono pari<lb></lb>mente piu artificiali, perche dall'huomo inge<lb></lb>gnoſo paiono ſenza eſſempio eſſere stati troua <lb></lb>ti; hor dunque la difficultà della compoſitione <lb></lb>nelle arti naſce ſpecialmente perche la natura <lb></lb>ne è stata inuentrice, laquale non incamina <lb></lb>le coſe per altri ordini che per il compoſitiuo, <lb></lb>& l'huomo imitando nello ſcriuere eſſe coſe ſe <lb></lb>gue coſi fatto ordine bene ſpeſſo, come nella fi<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg81"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>loſofia naturale fa Ariſtotele, ilquale inco<lb></lb>mincia dalla materia, forma, & priuatione, <lb></lb>& primo motore, de' quali egli tratta ne i li<lb></lb>bri della fiſica: dipoi uenne alla ſeconda na<lb></lb>tura, cioè à gli elementi in quanto che ſo<lb></lb>no parte del mondo, & al ſecondo moto <lb></lb>re, che è il cielo, di che egli tratta ne i libri <lb></lb>del cielo; d'onde diſcendendo uiene alla terza <lb></lb>natura, chc ſono gli elementi, in quanto che <lb></lb>uengono alla miſtione de' quali tratta ne i li<lb></lb>bri della generatione, & corrottione, da' qua <lb></lb>li principij finalmente ſe ne paſſa poi à princi-<pb xlink:href="038/01/095.jpg" pagenum="75"></pb>piati, piu ſemplici, & imperfetti, de' quali <lb></lb>tratta nelle meteore, & di qui aſcende à piu <lb></lb>perfetti miſti, che ſono i minerali, dipoi ſe <lb></lb>ne uà à piu perfetti, che ſono animati, & que <lb></lb>ste ſono le piante, dalle quali diuiene à piu <lb></lb>perfetti ancora, che ſono gli animali irratio<lb></lb>nali, & finalmente diuiene all huomo, che tra <lb></lb>tutti i miſti tiene il principato. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Lo<lb></lb>dato ſia Iddio, da che noi ſiamo il fine delle <lb></lb>coſe naturali, contra la uoglia di alcuni, che <lb></lb>pure ſi sforzano di moſtrare, che l'huomo è il <lb></lb>piu imperfetto animale che ſi ritroui nel mon<lb></lb>do. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Parlo io della ſpecie dell'huomo, <lb></lb>non gia de particolari de' quali parlarono que <lb></lb>gli, che uoi dite, con i quali anche ſono io. <lb></lb></s> <s>Conoſco io de gli huomini à cui pare che diſpiac <lb></lb>cia di eſſere huomini, & però ſi trasformano <lb></lb>in diuerſi altri animali, à tale che rimangono <lb></lb>ſolo huomini di nome; perche dimenticati di <lb></lb>eſſere huomini, altri operano come porci, al<lb></lb>tri come lupi, & altri come altri animali, <lb></lb>& però ſono piu infelici d'ogni ſorte d'animali. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Di queſti tali non intendeuo gia io, <lb></lb>ma d'alcuni altri che hanno uoluto moſtrare <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg82"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dal naſcimento, che l'huomo è il piu imperfet<lb></lb>to d'ogni altra ſorte d'animali: eſſo naſce nu<lb></lb>do, piagnendo, inetto per lungo tempo à nutrir <lb></lb>ſi & à chiedere il nutrimento, & altre coſe <pb xlink:href="038/01/096.jpg" pagenum="76"></pb>ſimili. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Meno niegano queſti che la ſpe <lb></lb>cie dell'huomo non ſia piu perfetta di quella <lb></lb>de gli altri animali, benche dimoſtrino alcuni <lb></lb>accidenti d'imperfettione nell'huomo, liquali <lb></lb>non ſi ritrouano ne gli altri animali, percio<lb></lb>che la perfettione è ſuſtantiale, & non acci<lb></lb>dentale. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mi piace, hor ritorniamo <lb></lb>al noſtro propoſito. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Hauemo dato <lb></lb>l'eſſempio dell'ordine compoſitiuo nella filoſofia <lb></lb>naturale, & percio ne reſta che noi l'applichia <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg83"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo ancora all'arte medicinale. </s> <s>Incomincia <lb></lb>adunque l'ordine compoſitiuo nella medicina <lb></lb>dal fine del filoſofo, & da queſto ua alla par<lb></lb>te di cuſtodire la ſanità preſente, & riſtaura <lb></lb>re la perſa, & da queſta uiene à quella, che <lb></lb>ne dà à conoſcere l'infirmità, & ſintomi, & <lb></lb>di qui partendo traſcorre alla parte de preſa<lb></lb>gi, & ſogni, & finalmente alla curatione, <lb></lb>& qui ſono per farui auuertito d'una ſola co <lb></lb>ſa, & poi porrò fine à queſti due ordini. <lb></lb></s> <s>Percio l'ordine compoſitiuo è differente da i <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg84"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>metodi, percioche l'ordine ſempre incomincia <lb></lb>da quegli principij, che ſono riconoſciuti dalla <lb></lb>natura per primi, ſe bene medeſimamente ſo<lb></lb>no anco conoſciuti da noi, & il metodo ſem<lb></lb>pre incomincia da quegli principij che ſono à <lb></lb>noi prima conoſciuti, ſe bene inſieme ſono an<lb></lb>che conoſciuti dalla natura. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſto <pb xlink:href="038/01/097.jpg" pagenum="43"></pb>è quello, che Ariſtotele dice nel primo della <lb></lb>fiſica, che la uia, cioè metodo ſempre inco<lb></lb>mincia dalle coſe, che ſono piu note à noi, & <lb></lb>l'ordine da quelle che ſono piu note alla natu<lb></lb>ra. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> egli è uero, & queſto è quan<lb></lb>to mi pare degno di eſſere conſiderato intorno <lb></lb>all'ordine compoſitiuo, laſciando molti eſſem<lb></lb>pi, che ui potrei addurre, perche gli hauete <lb></lb>nella riſolutione, & percio trapaßiamo al<lb></lb>la diffinitione, & di eſſa breuemente parlia <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg85"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mo. </s> <s>L'ordine diffinitiuo adunque, che diſſo<lb></lb>lutione, & riſolutione è chiamato da alcuni <lb></lb>come appo Galeno ſi può uedere nel principio <lb></lb>dell'arte medicinale, non è altro in ſomma che <lb></lb>uno iſtrumento, ilquale noi adoperiamo à di<lb></lb>ſporre, & riduurre tutte le coſe al mezo; & <lb></lb>perche nel fare queſto effetto pare che riſoluia <lb></lb>mo, & diuidiamo eſſo mezo, che è la diffini<lb></lb>tione, da molti è stata chiamata & riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, & diuiſione, & ecco come pare che riſol <lb></lb>uiamo, & diuidiamo la riſolutione. </s> <s>Pigliſi <lb></lb>la caſa per eſſempio, la quale non è altro che <lb></lb>uno edificio, che guarda (come detto habbia <lb></lb>mo) & conſerua l'huomo da ogni ſorte di of<lb></lb>feſe eſterne, & queſto è il mezo, il quale ſi <lb></lb>ſcioglie, & diuide in parti, come ſe ſi deue <lb></lb>guardare da pioggia, fa di meſtiero che guar<lb></lb>di il tetto. </s> <s>Se da nemici, biſogna che habbia <pb xlink:href="038/01/098.jpg" pagenum="78"></pb>le pareti, & queſte pure ſi riſoluono in altre <lb></lb>parti, à tal che pare apunto che la diffinitio<lb></lb>ne ſia riſolutione del tutto in parte. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Hebbero adunque qualche ragione à doman<lb></lb>darla riſolutione, ouero diſſolutione, ò diui<lb></lb>ſione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Poſſono eſſere iſcuſati, ma non <lb></lb>gia lodati, perche ueramente deueſi chiama<lb></lb>re ordine diffinitiuo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Quando dite <lb></lb>che la diffinitione ordina tutte le coſe al mezo, <lb></lb>intendete alla diffinitione, ouero al definito? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Intendo all'uno, & all'altro, perche <lb></lb>ſe ſi riducono alle parti, ſi riducono al tutto, <lb></lb>ſe al tutto, anco alle parti: onde non faccia<lb></lb>mo capitale à dire piu à uno, che à un' altro, <lb></lb>purche intendiate che ſi cauino tutte le parti <lb></lb>dalla diffinitione, come ſi fanno le linee dal <lb></lb>centro alla circonferenza. </s> <s>Piu chiaro eſſem<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg86"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pio non ſi può hauere che da Galeno nell'arte <lb></lb>medicianle, oue egli dice che la medicina è <lb></lb>ſcienza de corpi ſalubri, inſalubri, & neu<lb></lb>tri, & diuide poi ciaſcuno di queſti in ſegni, <lb></lb>cauſe, & corpi, & queſti in parti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>è chiarißimo eſſempio certo, ma non è meno <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg87"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>chiaro quello della filoſofia, cioè la filoſofia na <lb></lb>turale è cognitione delle coſe naturali, eſſe ſo <lb></lb>no principij, & principiati, i principij, o che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg88"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſono propinqui, ò remoti, ò remotißimi, in<lb></lb>principiati, ò ſono perfetti, ò imperfetti, ò <pb xlink:href="038/01/099.jpg" pagenum="35"></pb>animati, ò inanimati; ſe animati, ò ſenſibi<lb></lb>li, ò inſenſibili; ſe ſenſibili, ò rationali, ò ir<lb></lb>rationali, & la maggior parte di eßi in altre <lb></lb>parti ancora ſi poſſono ſmembrare, & coſi chia <lb></lb>ramente ſi ottiene l'eſſempio di cio che uoi ha <lb></lb>uete detto al parer mio. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et innanzi <lb></lb>che piu oltre noi paßiamo, deueſi anco auuerti <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg89"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re che la diffinitione, in quanto che è ordine, <lb></lb>ne ſerue à trattare, & ordinare tutta la ſcien <lb></lb>za, cioe à numerare tutti i capi, che tutta la <lb></lb>facultà in ſe steßi comprendono; & con tut<lb></lb>to che il proprio ſuo ſia di preporre, & ordi <lb></lb>nare le parti della facultà di che è diffinitione, <lb></lb>non reſta però, che ancora ſeco non mi apporti <lb></lb>cognitione anco del diffinito, & che in uniuer <lb></lb>ſale non mi faccia uedere tutta la facultà, di<lb></lb>moſtrandomi come tutto quello che ſi tratta <lb></lb>nell'arte, ouero ſcienza di che è diffinitione, ci <lb></lb>riducono ad eſſa come ad un principio, dal qua <lb></lb>le ordinatamente ogni coſa depende, ilche non <lb></lb>auuiene nel metodo diffinitiuo; percioche alla <lb></lb>diffinitione metodica non ſi riferiſcono tutte le <lb></lb>parti dell'arte, ò ſcienza che ne uogliam dire, <lb></lb>come ſi riferiſcono a eſſo ordine diffinitiuo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et percio in queſto ſono tra loro differenti, & <lb></lb>di qui anche appare come molti ſi ſono ingan<lb></lb>nati, liquali uedendo una parte dell'arte di<lb></lb>cbiarata con la diffinitione, hanno creduto che <pb xlink:href="038/01/100.jpg" pagenum="36"></pb>tutta l'arte foſſe diſpoſta ſotto l'ordine diffini<lb></lb>tiuo: benche foſſe trattata ſotto l'ordine com<lb></lb>poſitiuo, come auuiene nel ſecondo della fiſica <lb></lb>oue Ariſtotele diffiniſce la natura. <gap></gap>lche ue <lb></lb>dendo alcuni, ſenza penſare che differenza <lb></lb>foſſe tra l'ordine diffinitiuo, & il metodo, <lb></lb>diſſero che eſſo Ariſtotele nella filoſofia natu<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg90"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rale uſaua l'ordine diffinitiuo. </s> <s>è ancora l'or<lb></lb>dine diffinitiuo differente da gli altri ordini, <lb></lb>come ne gli eſſempi facilmente ſi è potuto ue<lb></lb>dere, & ſe altra differenza non ui foſſe mai, <lb></lb>ui è almeno queſta, che l'ordine compoſitiuo <lb></lb>ordina tutte le parti della facultà, di che è or <lb></lb>dine, al ſuo principio, & il riſolutiuo al ſuo <lb></lb>fine, & eſſo diffinitiuo al mezo. </s> <s>è anco diffe<lb></lb>rente da gli altri in queſto, perche eſſo inco<lb></lb>mincia dalla diffinitione come dal tutto, & ua <lb></lb>uerſo ciaſcuna parte, & particella di eſſo; & <lb></lb>il compoſitiuo incominciando da i principij re <lb></lb>motißimi, ua ordinando tutte le parti inſino <lb></lb>alle coſe piu baſſe, & al fine finalmente, & <lb></lb>la riſolutione principiando dal fine, ua ordinan <lb></lb>do a parte a parte inſino alle parti remotißi<lb></lb>me. </s> <s>è parimente differetne eſſo ordine diffini<lb></lb>tiuo dal riſolutiuo, perche è inetto a ritroua<lb></lb>re le coſe come è parimente il compoſitiuo, in <lb></lb>che può molto il riſolutiuo. </s> <s>Supera anco il <lb></lb>diffinitiuo il compoſitiuo, perche eſſo co'l ſuo <pb xlink:href="038/01/101.jpg" pagenum="81"></pb>diffinire può piu ſuccintamente ordinare le fa<lb></lb>cultà. </s> <s>Onde adunque potiamo dire che la dif<lb></lb>finitione non ſia punto inferiore a gli altri or<lb></lb>dini. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Voi certo nel dimoſtrare che <lb></lb>l'ordine diffinitiuo è differente da gli altri ha<lb></lb>uete uſato mirabile artificio, perche inſieme, <lb></lb>inſieme hauete anco dimoſtrato le differenze <lb></lb>che ſono tral riſolutiuo, & il compoſitiuo. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dapoi che io ueggio che uoi ſiate ca<lb></lb>pacißimo & delle diffinitioni de gli ordini, & <lb></lb>delle loro differenze, & di tutte quelle diffi<lb></lb>cultà, che per la cognitione loro da noi ſono <lb></lb>state prepoſte, porremo hormai fine a gli or<lb></lb>dini, laſciando da parte molti eſſempi, che po<lb></lb>treßimo addurre, & della diffinitione, & del <lb></lb>la compoſitione, ſi come di gia habbiamo ad<lb></lb>dutte della riſolutione, non uietandoui però <lb></lb>il chiedere ſe in qualche coſa dubitate; Tra<lb></lb>ſportando dunque il dire de i metodi à un'al<lb></lb>tro giorno, andaremo ſecondo il noſtro uſo a <lb></lb>trouare quegli, che ne aſpettano. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Laſciato da parte il ringratiarui con belle pa<lb></lb>role, perche io sò quanto uoi ſiate inimico del <lb></lb>le cerimonie, & che ui contentate del buon <lb></lb>animo, andate che ui farò compagnia, poi <lb></lb>che hora altro non mi occorre, & ſe mi occor<lb></lb>rerà coſa ueruna chiederouui a baldanza aßi <lb></lb>curato dalla immenſa uoſtra corteſia, & tra <pb xlink:href="038/01/102.jpg" pagenum="82"></pb>tanto starò in eſpettatione de i diſcorſi intor<lb></lb>no a i metodi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per non tenerui lun<lb></lb>gamente ſuſpeſo, mi baſta aſſai che mi hab<lb></lb>biate accompagnato fin qui di fuora, laſcia<lb></lb>teui riuedere dimani alla medeſima hora, che <lb></lb>delli gradi della noſtra Scala, ò Metodi che ne <lb></lb>uogliam dire a pieno ragioneremo; et perdona <lb></lb>temi che hoggi non poſſo hauerui al ſolito me<lb></lb>co, percioche debbo uiſitare alcuni, che non uo <lb></lb>gliono da' ſcolari eſſer ueduti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Al <lb></lb>manco haueſte detto alcune, perche le donne <lb></lb>s'imaginano lo ſcolare eſſere animale fantaſti<lb></lb>co, per la diffinitione che gli hauete aßi<lb></lb>gnata uoi altri dottori et però non <lb></lb>gli introducono uolentieri: <lb></lb>hora andate pure che <lb></lb>io non uoglio im <lb></lb>pedire i <lb></lb>uo<lb></lb>stri negocij. </s> <s>Iddio ui ac<lb></lb>compagni. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Et a uoi doni <lb></lb>ogni con<lb></lb>tento. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Perche que <lb></lb>ſt' opera ſia <lb></lb>intitolata <lb></lb>Scala delle <lb></lb>ſcienze, & <lb></lb>arti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Natura del <lb></lb>la diuiſio<lb></lb>ne.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Inſtrumen <lb></lb>to delle do <lb></lb>ttrine onde <lb></lb>naſca.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Inſtrumen <lb></lb>to onde de <lb></lb>penda.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg5"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Biſogni de <lb></lb>gli inſtru<lb></lb>menti, cir<lb></lb>ca alle <expan abbr="ſciẽ-ze">ſcien<lb></lb>ze</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg6"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Specie de <lb></lb>gli <expan abbr="inſtru-mẽti">inſtru<lb></lb>menti</expan> quan<lb></lb>te ſieno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg7"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg8"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Metodo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg9"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Paſsi della <lb></lb>Scala.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg10"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine, <lb></lb>quanto ſia <lb></lb>nceſſario <gap></gap><lb></lb>enel tratta <lb></lb>delle ſcien<lb></lb>ze.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg11"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Natura <expan abbr="in-uẽtrice">in<lb></lb>uentrice</expan> del <lb></lb>l'ordine.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg12"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne dell'or<lb></lb>dine.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg13"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine pro <lb></lb>prio, & im <lb></lb>proprio.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg14"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine uni <lb></lb>uerſale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg15"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine par <lb></lb>ticolare.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg16"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Altra diſtin <lb></lb>tione del<lb></lb>l'ordine.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg17"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>In clinatio<lb></lb>ne eſſentia <lb></lb>le.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg18"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Inclinatio<lb></lb>ne acciden <lb></lb>tale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg19"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine eſ<lb></lb>ſentiale è di <lb></lb>due ſorti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg20"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Metodo <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb></lb>tiene ordi<lb></lb>ne.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg21"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne, compo <lb></lb>pofitione, <lb></lb>& riſolutio <lb></lb>ne, come <lb></lb>ſieno diſtin <lb></lb>te.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg22"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dottrine <lb></lb>ordinate <lb></lb>quante ſie<lb></lb>no ſecon<lb></lb>do Galeno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg23"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Si proua' <lb></lb>che la dot<lb></lb>trina non è <lb></lb>ordine, & <lb></lb>che la diffi <lb></lb>nitione, <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb></lb>poſitione <lb></lb>& riſolutio <lb></lb>ne ſono or <lb></lb>dini, & non <lb></lb>dottrine.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg24"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Habitudi <lb></lb>ni delle co <lb></lb>ſe.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg25"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine ri <lb></lb>ſolutiuo, <lb></lb>onde co <lb></lb>minci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg26"></margin.target>Ordine <expan abbr="cõ-poſitiuo">com<lb></lb>poſitiuo</expan>, & <lb></lb>diffinitiuo, <lb></lb>non ſono <lb></lb>ſuperflui <lb></lb>ma neceſſa<lb></lb>rij.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg27"></margin.target><expan abbr="Gãbe">Gambe</expan> del <lb></lb>la Medici <lb></lb>na.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg28"></margin.target>Ordine ri<lb></lb>ſolutiuo, <lb></lb>piu utile <lb></lb>di tutti.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg29"></margin.target>L'artefice <lb></lb>deue eſſer <lb></lb>imitatore <lb></lb>della Natu <lb></lb>ra.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg30"></margin.target>La Riſolu<lb></lb>tione è <expan abbr="sẽ-pre">sen<lb></lb>pre</expan> prima <lb></lb>de gli ordi <lb></lb>ni.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg31"></margin.target>La coſa ſub <lb></lb>ordinata <lb></lb>ad un'altra <lb></lb>èmen de<lb></lb>gna diquel <lb></lb>la, à che è <lb></lb>ſu bordina <lb></lb>ta.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg32"></margin.target>Che la ri<lb></lb>ſolutione <lb></lb>non ſia ſot <lb></lb>topoſta al<lb></lb>la compo <lb></lb>ſitione, ſi <lb></lb>proua con <lb></lb>ſalde ragio <lb></lb>ni.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg33"></margin.target>Per qual ca <lb></lb>gione gli <lb></lb>ordini <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>poſſono eſ <lb></lb>ſere piu di <lb></lb>tre.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg34"></margin.target>Eſſempio <lb></lb>dell'ordine <lb></lb>riſolutiuo.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg35"></margin.target>Eſſempio <lb></lb>dell'ordi-<lb></lb>ne compo <lb></lb>ſitiuo.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg36"></margin.target>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, che de <lb></lb>noti.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg37"></margin.target><expan abbr="Differẽza">Differenza</expan> <lb></lb>tra la riſo<lb></lb>lutione rea <lb></lb>le, & quel<lb></lb>la fatta dal<lb></lb>l'intelletto</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg38"></margin.target>Riſolution <lb></lb>propria.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg39"></margin.target>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne impro<lb></lb>pria.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg40"></margin.target>Differen <lb></lb>za tra la ri<lb></lb>ſolutione <lb></lb>propria, & <lb></lb>perfetta; et <lb></lb>a imperfet <lb></lb>ta, & im<lb></lb>propria.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg41"></margin.target>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne logica, <lb></lb>qual ſia.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg42"></margin.target>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ni uſate da <lb></lb>Galeno, ſe <lb></lb>condo alcu <lb></lb>ni.</s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg43"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Arte, & mo <lb></lb>do del me <lb></lb>dicare, co<lb></lb>me s'impa <lb></lb>rino.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg44"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Fine, che <lb></lb>coſa ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg45"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne di teo<lb></lb>remi, on<lb></lb>de comin<lb></lb>ci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg46"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Fini dell'ar <lb></lb>ti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg47"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Fine in <lb></lb>quanti mo <lb></lb>di ſi puo <lb></lb>chiamare, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecõd">ſecond</expan> o <lb></lb>leno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg48"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Come la <lb></lb>diffinitio-<lb></lb>ne del fine <lb></lb>conuenga <lb></lb>alle opera<lb></lb>tioni.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg49"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne da qual <lb></lb>ſpecie di fi<lb></lb>ni comin<lb></lb>ci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg50"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſempio <lb></lb>dell'ordine <lb></lb>riſolutiuo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg51"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Le ſei coſe <lb></lb>non natura <lb></lb>li, quali ſie<lb></lb>no.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg52"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Quiui ſi ri <lb></lb>ſolue un <lb></lb>bel dubbio<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg53"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Quante ſor <lb></lb>ti d'ordine <lb></lb>ſi puo con<lb></lb>ſiderare in <lb></lb>ogni arte, <lb></lb>ò ſcienza.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg54"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Teoremi <lb></lb>particolari, <lb></lb>quali ſieno <lb></lb>appreſſo <lb></lb>Auicenna.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg55"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine, <lb></lb>quando nel <lb></lb>le coſe non <lb></lb>è neceſſa-<lb></lb>rio.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg56"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine uſa <lb></lb>to da Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg57"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Per qual <lb></lb>cauſa Aui<lb></lb>cenna, ha <lb></lb>comincia<lb></lb>to da gli e<lb></lb>lementi, & <lb></lb>non da'me <lb></lb>dicamenti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg58"></margin.target><lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>Riſolutio <lb></lb>ne dellame <lb></lb>dicina.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg59"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Cauſe ef<lb></lb>fettrici del <lb></lb>la ſanità.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg60"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Le ſei'coſe <lb></lb>non natu<lb></lb>rali, con<lb></lb>qual ordi<lb></lb>ne ſi deue<lb></lb>no tratta<lb></lb>re.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg61"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Sanità co<lb></lb>me ſi ricu<lb></lb>pera.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg62"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Come deb <lb></lb>biamo fare <lb></lb>la riſolutio <lb></lb>ne, ſecon<lb></lb>do Ariſto<lb></lb>tele.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg63"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Da qual fi<lb></lb>ne ſi co-<lb></lb>minci à ri<lb></lb>ſoluere, & <lb></lb>da qual co <lb></lb>noſcere.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg64"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſempio <lb></lb>filoſoſico <lb></lb>circa alla ri <lb></lb>ſolutione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg65"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dialettica, <lb></lb>con quale <lb></lb>ordine fu <lb></lb>trattata da <lb></lb>Ariſtotele.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg66"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne del Gra <lb></lb>matico.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg67"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne del Lo<lb></lb>gico.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg68"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>in che mo <lb></lb>do camina <lb></lb>no inſie <lb></lb>me la Diui <lb></lb>ſione & la <lb></lb>riſolutio-<lb></lb>ne.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg69"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuiſione, <lb></lb>perche no <lb></lb>deue eſler <lb></lb>poſta tra <lb></lb>gli ordini <lb></lb>uniuerſali<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg70"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne mate<lb></lb>matica.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg71"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Proceſſo <lb></lb>della riſo<lb></lb>lutione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg72"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Il matema <lb></lb>tico ſi può <lb></lb>ſeruire del <lb></lb>l'ordine ri <lb></lb>ſolutiuo, <lb></lb>ma <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> del <lb></lb>metodo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg73"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Compoſi<lb></lb>tione, di <lb></lb>quante ſpe <lb></lb>cie ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg74"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Differenza <lb></lb>trala com<lb></lb>poſitione, <lb></lb>& la riſolu <lb></lb>tione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg75"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Compoſi<lb></lb>tione reale <lb></lb>di quante <lb></lb>ſorti ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg76"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſempio <lb></lb>della diffe <lb></lb>renza tra <lb></lb>l'ordine <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb></lb>poſitiuo, et <lb></lb>il riſoluti<lb></lb>uo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg77"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Principij, <lb></lb>di quante <lb></lb>ſortifieno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg78"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>In quanti <lb></lb>modi ſi <lb></lb>può haue<lb></lb>re cogni<lb></lb>tion d'una <lb></lb>coſa.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg79"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Pricipij ma <lb></lb>tematici.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg80"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>La compo <lb></lb>ſitione è <lb></lb>piu diffici<lb></lb>le nelle ar<lb></lb>ti, che nel <lb></lb>le ſcienze, <lb></lb>& perche.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg81"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine te<lb></lb>nutoda A<lb></lb>riſtotele <lb></lb>nel dimo<lb></lb>ſtrare la fi<lb></lb>loſofia na<lb></lb>turale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg82"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Imperfet<lb></lb>tione del<lb></lb>l'huomo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg83"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine <expan abbr="cõ-poſitiuo">com <lb></lb>poſitiuo</expan> nella medi<lb></lb>cina d'on<lb></lb>de comin<lb></lb>ci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg84"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Differenza <lb></lb>tral'ordine <lb></lb>compoſiti<lb></lb>uo, & il <lb></lb>metodo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg85"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine differentia<lb></lb>finitiuo <lb></lb>che coſa ſ<gap></gap><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg86"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne della <lb></lb>medicina, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ſecõdo">ſecondo</expan> Ga <lb></lb>leno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg87"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne della fi<lb></lb>loſofia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg88"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Coſe natu <lb></lb>rali qual ſie <lb></lb>no.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg89"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne, à che <lb></lb>coſa ſerua<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg90"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ordine differentia<lb></lb>finitiuo, co<lb></lb>me differi<lb></lb>ſca da gl'al <lb></lb>tri ordini.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>IL FINE DELLA PRIMA <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>SESTIONE.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/103.jpg" pagenum="83"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.103.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/103/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>DELLA SCALA <lb></lb>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb></lb>ET ARTI, <lb></lb>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI,<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>& Filoſofo, Meſſer GREGORIO <lb></lb>MORELLI. <lb></lb>SETTION SECONDA. <lb></lb>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.103.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/103/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>TOMITANO, ET MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>S<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>I<emph type="roman"></emph>ATE VENVTOA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>tempo M<emph type="roman"></emph>ORELLO<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> mio, <lb></lb>& apunto quando io penſa<lb></lb>uo intorno alli gradi della no<lb></lb>stra Scala, ui ſentij doman<lb></lb>dare ſe io ero in caſa, & diceuo tra me mede <lb></lb>ſimo ſe il Morello hora ueniſſe, potreßimo ap <lb></lb>plicare gli gradi a i poggi, che di gia diriz<lb></lb>zati habbiamo, & a tutta la Scala porre hor <pb xlink:href="038/01/104.jpg" pagenum="84"></pb>mai fine. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Con queſto deſiderio ſo<lb></lb>no uenuto ancora io, & però ſenza indugio <lb></lb>potrete incominciare quando ui piaccia, che <lb></lb>tutto cio sta a Voi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sedete adun<lb></lb>que, & per diruela non mi piace che ſcarichia <lb></lb>te uoi, per caricare poi me, ma che ogni uno <lb></lb>ſoſtenga la parte ſua. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non mi fa<lb></lb>rò in dietro quando biſognerà, incominciate <lb></lb>pure. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Gli ordini adunque, che gia <lb></lb>ſono stati deſcritti da noi, furono ritrouati per <lb></lb>riparare a uno di due biſogni delle ſcienze; & <lb></lb>arti, cioè a quello della diſpoſitione, & hora <lb></lb>fa biſogno di ſatisfare all'altro, che è il di<lb></lb>chiarare le coſe oſcure, & fare in modo, che <lb></lb>ſieno uedute: la qual coſa faremo uſando gli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg91"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iſtrumenti dichiaratiui, i quali ſono di piu ſor <lb></lb>ti, cioè ò che danno uera ſcienza, & fanno <lb></lb>conoſcere ueramente la coſa, che dichiarano, <lb></lb>& queſti ſono da Greci, & Latini chiamati <lb></lb>Metodi, ouero che ne danno di eſſa una certa <lb></lb>imperfetta cognitione, & queſti chiamaremo <lb></lb>iſtrumenti iſperimentali, de' quali parlaremo <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg92"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ultimamente. </s> <s>Il Metodo ſi piglia, in molti <lb></lb>modi, ſi come ſi può uedere per Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>che lo piglia nel primo teſto della fiſica per <lb></lb>ogni ſorte di ſcienza, & il medeſimo anche <lb></lb>nella topica ſotto queſto nome compreſe tutte <lb></lb>le arti, dicendo che l'arte che egli hauea trac<pb xlink:href="038/01/105.jpg" pagenum="85"></pb>tata ne i libri della topica era ſommamnete <lb></lb>utile, & quaſi come uia à tutti i metodi, cioè <lb></lb>à tutte le arti, & ſcienze. </s> <s>Galeno ne i libri <lb></lb>intitulati Del Metodo lo preſe per l'arte sì, <lb></lb>& ſpecialmente nel nono del Metodo lo pigliò <lb></lb>per l'arte della logica, nella quale ſi trattano <lb></lb>tutti quei documenii, che ſeruono, & reggo <lb></lb>no tutte le tre operationi dell'intelletto. </s> <s>Hora <lb></lb>benche ſieno molte parti della logica, alle qua <lb></lb>li ſi potrebbe eſtendere queſto nome, non di<lb></lb>meno noi chiamaremo Metodi queſti quattro <lb></lb>iſtrumenti, cioè riſolutione, diffinitione, de<lb></lb>moſtratione, & diuiſione, liquali ſono stati <lb></lb>celebrati, & anche connumerati da Ammo<lb></lb>nio nel prohemio di Porfirio; & Platone, che <lb></lb>douea dir prima, parimente gli conobbe, & <lb></lb>molto li commendò & in quanta stima li hab <lb></lb>bia hauuti Galeno uoi lo ſapete. </s> <s>Aleſſandro <lb></lb>Aphrodiſeo ne' libri della Poſteriora fa ſimil <lb></lb>mente mentione di queſti quattro ordini, tut<lb></lb>tauia celebrandogli per utili, & neceſſarij a <lb></lb>tutte le ſcienze. </s> <s>Per tanto pigliare hormai <lb></lb>potremo il metodo per gli quattro iſtrumenti <lb></lb>gia detti; percioche non eſſendo loro altro <lb></lb>ehe un certo diſcorſo, cioè uia, per la quale <lb></lb>diſcorre l'intelletto da un termine all'altro; & <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg93"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Metodo nome Greco nel noſtro linguaggio al<lb></lb>tro non riſuona ſe non uia, molto eſſo nome <pb xlink:href="038/01/106.jpg" pagenum="86"></pb>conuiene a ſudetti iſtrumenti: & però ueggia<lb></lb>mo che coſa è uia, laquale non pare altro al <lb></lb>mio parere, che quello ſpatio che fra due ter<lb></lb>mini ſi contiene, di modo che è neceſſario, ò <lb></lb>che ella ſia diritta, ouero obliqua, & quella <lb></lb>uia è diritta, che tra due termini è più breue <lb></lb>che eſſer può, & che è ueduta tutta da qua<lb></lb>lunche per eſſa cammina, tanto ſe ſi ritroua <lb></lb>nel principio come nel mezo, & come nel fi<lb></lb>ne: & la obliqua per il contrario. </s> <s>Onde do <lb></lb>uendoſi trattare una coſa metodicamente è <lb></lb>molto piu conueneuole che ſia trattata per uia <lb></lb>retta, che per obliqua, perche ſi come le co<lb></lb>ſe naturali, ſe ſono nello stato ſuo proprio ſen <lb></lb>za eſſere alterate, ouero intricate con altre, <lb></lb>ſempre fanno il ſuo moto diritto, ò che aſcen<lb></lb>dono, ouero che diſcendono, ne mai faranno <lb></lb>moto obliquo, ſe non ſono, come io dico, <lb></lb>fuora della propria natura; coſi parimente <lb></lb>deue studiare colui di fare che di eſſe trat<lb></lb>ta, trattandone per una uia, che ſia diritta <lb></lb>quanto piu eſſer poſſa, laqual coſa non appor <lb></lb>terà minore commodità à lui di quello che <lb></lb>apporta il cammino diritto al uiandante. <lb></lb></s> <s>Il metodo dunque, co'l quale ſi hanno da trat <lb></lb>tare le facultà è una uia diritta, & non obli<lb></lb>qua, ne con piu facilità ſi potrebbe trattare <lb></lb>facultà alcuna, ne parimente con piu breuità, <pb xlink:href="038/01/107.jpg" pagenum="87"></pb>perche, come diceua Euclide, la linea dirit<lb></lb>ta è la piu breue che ſi poſſa fare tra li due <lb></lb>termini. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A talche ſe uno uorrà <lb></lb>deſciuere coſa alcuna metodicamente la deſcri<lb></lb>uerà piu breuemente, piu dirittamente, & <lb></lb>piu facilmente che ſia poßibile. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi <lb></lb>è. </s> <s>Li metodi adunque ſono quattro, cioè di<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg94"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>moſtratione, diuiſione, diffinitione, & riſo<lb></lb>lutione, i quali in quanto che ſeruono alle <lb></lb>ſcienze, & arti, ouero ſono adoperati dal<lb></lb>l'artefice; ſono iſtrumenti: di modo che dire <lb></lb>poßiamo, che il metodo dichiaratiuo è inſtru <lb></lb>mento, che adoperiamo nelle ſcienze, & ar<lb></lb>ti à uenire in cognitione de i problemi per ac<lb></lb>quiſtare di eßi la ſcienza camminando ſempre <lb></lb>da una coſa conoſciuta, a una coſa, che non <lb></lb>ſi conoſce. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſta è la deſcrittione <lb></lb>del metodo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Tantè. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg95"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>metodo adunque è da gli ordini differente, <lb></lb>perche di eſſo ce ne ſeruiamo in conoſcere quel <lb></lb>lo che noi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſappiamo per mezo di quello che <lb></lb>ſappiamo; & l'ordine ne ſeruiua ſolamente a <lb></lb>diſporre le coſe di gia ſapute; & punto non <lb></lb>u'ingannate quando uoi dite, che inueſtighia<lb></lb>mo la coſa, che non ſapemo, per mezo della <lb></lb>coſa che ſapemo, percioche dice Ariſtotele <lb></lb>che ogni noſtra cognitione ſi fa da una preco<lb></lb>gnitione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi sta. </s> <s>Diuideſi il <pb xlink:href="038/01/108.jpg" pagenum="88"></pb>metodo, come ho gia detto in quattro ſpecie. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Innanzi che piu oltre uoi traſcorria <lb></lb>te, ditemi di gratia a che fine hauete detto <lb></lb>nella deſcrittione del metodo, per acquiſtare <lb></lb>la ſcienza de i problemi, ouero cognitione <lb></lb>perfetta, immutabile, & certa. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ac<lb></lb>cio foſſe diuiſo il metodo da gli iſtrumenti iſpe <lb></lb>rimentali, perche eßi, come poi diremo, non <lb></lb>ne danno altro che una certa peritia, ouero <lb></lb>opinione, & non ſcienza, come fanno i me<lb></lb>todi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Bene, ho inteſo eſſa diffinitio <lb></lb>ne, ſeguire à uoſtro bell'agio. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Gia <lb></lb>dißi, che le ſpecie de i metodi ſono quattro, <lb></lb>& hora ui dimoſtrarò che non ſono ne piu ne <lb></lb>meno, ſi con autorità, come anche con ragio <lb></lb>ne. </s> <s>Ammonio tra Paripatetici Filoſofo ſi<lb></lb>gnalato nel prohemio de predicabili, dice eſ<lb></lb>ſerui quattro metodi. </s> <s>Porfirio nel medeſimo <lb></lb>luogo l'iſteſſo conferma. </s> <s>Ariſtotele padre del <lb></lb>la filoſofia, & de' filoſofi nel primo libro del <lb></lb>l'anima, & in altri luoghi ancora, numerò <lb></lb>ſolamente i quattro gia detti metodi. </s> <s>Con ra <lb></lb>gione parimente ſi puo dimoſtrare i metodi <lb></lb>non eſſere piu di quattro, ne meno, percio<lb></lb>che non eſſendo altro il trattare metodicamen <lb></lb>te alcuna coſa, che trattarla breuemente, chia <lb></lb>ramente, & dirittamente, e coſa conuene<lb></lb>uole che eſſa ſia dichiarata in quel modo che <pb xlink:href="038/01/109.jpg" pagenum="89"></pb>naturalmente ſi ritroua, perche ne piu bre<lb></lb>uemente, non potrebbe eſſere trattata, & di<lb></lb>chiarata, ilche eſſendo biſogna che li metodi <lb></lb>ſieno tali, che poſſano trattare & dimoſtra<lb></lb>re, & dichiarare le coſe, come naturalmen<lb></lb>te stanno. </s> <s>Qualunque coſa ſi puo conoſcere, <lb></lb>ouero come ella è naturalmente ſenza acciden <lb></lb>ti, ouero inſieme con gli accidenti ſuoi, & per <lb></lb>ſapere la natura di queſti due, ſi ſogliono fa<lb></lb>re queſti quattro queſiti, ſi come Ariſtotile <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg96"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nel ſecondo della Poſteriora ne dimoſtra; due <lb></lb>cioè della coſa ſemplice ſenza accidente, che <lb></lb>ſono ſi è, & che coſa è, gli altri due della co <lb></lb>ſa con gli accidenti inſieme, cioè che ſia coſi, <lb></lb>& perche ſia coſi. </s> <s>Gli accidenti ſono di due <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg97"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſorti, altri cioè che accompagnano ſempre la <lb></lb>coſa iſteſſa, & altri nò, ma auuengono ad eſ<lb></lb>ſa coſa per qualche cagione eſtrinſeca, & di <lb></lb>queſti ultimi non parliamo noi, ma di quegli <lb></lb>che ſono accidenti proprij di eſſa coſa; onde <lb></lb>quando queſti accidenti non ſono conoſciuti, <lb></lb>che proprij ſieno di quel ſuggetto, oue ſi ri<lb></lb>trouano, fa biſogno di hauere uno iſtrumento, <lb></lb>che ne lo dimoſtri, & queſto e la dimoſtratio<lb></lb>ne, della quale non ne ſeruiamo in altro che <lb></lb>nel dimoſtrare eſſo proprio accidente, ouero <lb></lb>paßione eſſere di quel ſuggetto, di che egli è <lb></lb>proprio; ilche fare noi non potiamo ſenza la <pb xlink:href="038/01/110.jpg" pagenum="90"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg98"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cognitione del ſuggetto. </s> <s>Onde fa di meſtieri <lb></lb>che la natura di eſſo ſia prima conoſciuta, la <lb></lb>quale non è altro che materia, & forma; <lb></lb>percioche alla demoſtratione precede il meto<lb></lb>do diffinitiuo, che ne dà il proprio genere, che <lb></lb>è in uece di materia, & la propria differen<lb></lb>za, laquale rappreſenta la propria forma, <lb></lb>di modo che è neceſſario chi uuole conoſcere il <lb></lb>genere proprio, che conoſca il genere ſuperio <lb></lb>re, cioè generalißimo, ilquale con un'altro <lb></lb>iſtrumento ritrouiamo, che è il metodo riſolu <lb></lb>tiuo. </s> <s>Con la diuiſione poi ſmembriamo eſſo ge <lb></lb>nere generalißimo nelle ſue parti, per ritro<lb></lb>uare il proprio genere della coſa, di che cer<lb></lb>chiamo la propria eſſenza, & finalmente la <lb></lb>propria paßione, di modo che prima adoperia <lb></lb>mo il metodo riſolutiuo co'l quale dalle ſpecie <lb></lb>ſpecialißime caminiamo al genere generalißi<lb></lb>mo, & dal genere generalißimo co'l metodo <lb></lb>riſolutiuo diſcendiamo alle ſpecie ſpecialißime: <lb></lb>co'l diffinitiuo dichiariamo poi l'eſſenza di eſſa <lb></lb>ſpecie, & co'l demoſtratiuo dimoſtriamo le <lb></lb>proprie paßioni di detta ſpecie. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Co'l <lb></lb>riſolutiuo adunque trouiamo il genere commu <lb></lb>ne, come à dire che l'huomo è ſuſtanza, & <lb></lb>con la diuiſione ueniamo in cognitione del piu <lb></lb>proßimo genere, che ſarà che l'huomo è ani<lb></lb>male. </s> <s>Determiniamo poi co'l diffinitiuo la <pb xlink:href="038/01/111.jpg" pagenum="91"></pb>natura di eſſo huomo, cioè che ſia animale <lb></lb>rationale mortale; co'l demoſtratiuo dimoſtria <lb></lb>mo la paßione, cioè che riſibile, è proprio <lb></lb>dell'huomo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ben ſapete, & in queſta <lb></lb>guiſa hauemo ritrouato dell'huomo quello che <lb></lb>ſi può ritrouare, cioè che coſa ſia, & che ſia <lb></lb>coſi, & perche ſia coſi, ſupponendo che ſia, <lb></lb>& quello che ſi è detto dell'huomo ſi può pa<lb></lb>rimente applicare a ogni altra coſa, ne piu ne <lb></lb>meno di quello che di eſſo gia fatto habbiamo. <lb></lb></s> <s>& di qui potete anco comprendere che li me<lb></lb>todi non poſſono eſſer piu, ne meno di quat<lb></lb>tro, come dimoſtrato hauemo. </s> <s>Hora da que<lb></lb>ste uniuerſalità dichiarate de i metodi, diſcen <lb></lb>diamo à particolare dichiaratione, quando pe <lb></lb>rò ui ſia in piacere. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi deſide<lb></lb>ro ſommamente queſto, & certamente lo ri<lb></lb>putarò per ſingolarißimo fauore. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In<lb></lb>cominciaremo adunque dalla demoſtratione, <lb></lb>come quella che, prima ſi offeriſce all'animo no <lb></lb>stro, laquale è metodo che adoperiamo per <lb></lb>uenire da una coſa paleſe, & conoſciuta in <lb></lb>cognitione di una, che naturalmente era in<lb></lb>gnita, & occulta, cioè la dimoſtratione ne <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg99"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſerue a conoſcere una coſa naturalmente inco<lb></lb>gnita co'l mezo però d'una che conoſceuamo. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se uoi ne darete l'eſſempio ben che io <lb></lb>intenda queſta diffinitione, non dimeno all'ho-<pb xlink:href="038/01/112.jpg" pagenum="92"></pb>ra ſarò piu ſicuro nell'animo mio. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ha <lb></lb>uete preſcia dell'eſſempio, aſpettate un poco, <lb></lb>perche biſogna prima dichiarare la diffinitio<lb></lb>ne, & cauarne quelle differenze, & che di<lb></lb>uidono la demoſtratione de gli altri metodi, <lb></lb>& che anche coſtituiſcono le ſue ſpecie, & do <lb></lb>pò queſto, ſe ui piacera diſcorreremo per un <lb></lb>poco uniuerſalmente ſopra tutte le ſorti de i <lb></lb>ſillogiſmi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come ſe mi ſarà in pia<lb></lb>cere, anzi non uoglio piu chiederui a dire co <lb></lb>ſa ueruna, percbe io ueggio che uoi meglio ſa <lb></lb>pete tutto quello, che io deſidero, che non sò <lb></lb>io ricercarui. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Di gratia non inter<lb></lb>rompiamo il noſtro ragionamento con parole <lb></lb>ſuperflue. </s> <s>Quando dico adunque che la de<lb></lb>moſtratione è metodo, aſſegno quale ſia il ſuo <lb></lb>genere proßimo, ilche è tanto come ſe io di<lb></lb>ceſſe che la demoſtratione è uno iſtrumento <lb></lb>metodico: ſottogiugnemo poi le differenze, <lb></lb>accioche ella ſia conoſciuta da gli altri metodi <lb></lb>ſeparata, che ſono, ilquale adoperiamo per <lb></lb>uenire in cognitione della coſa incognita dalla <lb></lb>conoſciuta naturalmente, & qui douete ſape <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg100"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re, per la intelligenza di queſte differenze, <lb></lb>che la demoſtratione ha tre propoſitioni, del<lb></lb>le quali due ſi chiamano premeſſe, & una con <lb></lb>cluſione: le premeſſe ſono quelle, che innan<lb></lb>zi che inducemmo la concluſione, conoſceua-<pb xlink:href="038/01/113.jpg" pagenum="93"></pb>mo, dalle quali ueniamo in cognitione della <lb></lb>concluſione, che era incognita a noi, come a <lb></lb>dire ogni animale rationale è riſibile, ogni huo <lb></lb>mo è animale rationale: ecco le due premeſſe, <lb></lb>che ſono conoſciute, dalle quali ueniamo in co <lb></lb>gnitione della concluſione, che ſarà. </s> <s>Adun<lb></lb>que l'huomo è riſibile. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In effetto gli <lb></lb>eſſempi fanno che l'intelletto perfettamente co <lb></lb>noſce, fino a queſt'hora io non haueuo inteſo <lb></lb>perſettamente la diffinitione della demoſtratio <lb></lb>ne: mi reſta di ſapere come da queſta ſi poſſa <lb></lb>no cauare le ſpecie della demoſtratione. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Le differenze, come ſapete, ſono quel <lb></lb>le che coſtituiſcono le ſpecie, però quando di<lb></lb>ceuamo che la demoſtratione ne fa conoſcere <lb></lb>una coſa, che non conoſceuamo, per mezo di <lb></lb>una che era conoſciuta, per le coſe che cono<lb></lb>ſceuamo intendeuamo le premeſſe, & per la <lb></lb>coſa incognita intendeuamo la concluſione. </s> <s>Se <lb></lb>le premeſſe ſaranno due; quella demoſtratione <lb></lb>ſi chiamarà ſemplicemente demoſtratione, ma <lb></lb>ſe ſarà ſolo una, dalla cui notitia ueniamo in <lb></lb>cognitione di eſſa concluſione, ella ſarà la de<lb></lb>moſtratione, che conduce all'impoßibile, co<lb></lb>me quando dicemo, ſe non è giornoi, adunque <lb></lb>è notte, & qui ſono manifeſte due ſpecie di <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg101"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>demoſtratione. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto poſſono anco <lb></lb>uariare le demoſtrationi per riſpetto della con-<pb xlink:href="038/01/114.jpg" pagenum="94"></pb>cluſione, perche ella può eſſere di coſe ſimpli<lb></lb>ci, & di compoſte ancora; & quando ſieno <lb></lb>coſe ſimplici, noi hauemo da quelle due que<lb></lb>ſiti, che ſono che è, & che coſa è, & ſe ſo<lb></lb>no compoſte ne habbiamo due altre, che ſono <lb></lb>perche ſia, & che ſia coſi. </s> <s>Si che ſe uoglia<lb></lb>mo dimoſtrare ſe la coſa è, & che coſa ſia <lb></lb>adoperiamo una ſorte di demoſtratione, laqua <lb></lb>le chiamano i logici demoſtratione, perche è <lb></lb>coſi, & queſta uà da gli effetti alle cauſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ma ſe uogliamo dimoſtrare perche la coſa ſia, <lb></lb>& che ſia coſi adoperiamo quella demoſtratio <lb></lb>ne, che i logici latini chiamano propter quid, <lb></lb>& queſta uà dalle cauſe à i cauſati laquale, ò <lb></lb>che è potißima, ouero non potißima; & po<lb></lb>tißima quella ſolemo chiamare, nella quale <lb></lb>ſono i principij formali, & conuertibili, non <lb></lb>potißima quella poi chiamiamo, che di que<lb></lb>ste conditioni manca al tutto. </s> <s>Ho uoluto co <lb></lb>ſi breuemente toccarui la diffinitione, & la <lb></lb>diuiſione della demoſtratione, accioche da que <lb></lb>ste poche parole ne cauaſte una idea, dalla <lb></lb>quale poi, perche (come ho gia detto) ogni <lb></lb>noſtra cognitione depende da una precognitio<lb></lb>ne, ui conduceſſe alla perfetta notitia della de <lb></lb>moſtratione. </s> <s>Però pigliaremo un'alto princi<lb></lb>pio, dal quale à parte à parte diſcendendo, <lb></lb>uerremo al ſine. </s> <s>Hauemo dunque gia detto <pb xlink:href="038/01/115.jpg" pagenum="95"></pb>nel principio del noſtro ragionare che tutte le <lb></lb>arti, tutte le ſcienze, tutti gli iſtrumenti ſo<lb></lb>no stati ritrouati dall'huomo dalla neceßità <lb></lb>aſtretto percio per eſſere la demoſtratione an<lb></lb>co iſtrumento, ella è stata ritrouata per la <lb></lb>iſteſſa cagione. </s> <s>Diremo hora che l'huomo ſi è <lb></lb>ingegnato di trouare uno iſtrumento co'l qua<lb></lb>le poſſa miſurare le coſe, accioche conoſca qua <lb></lb>li ſono tra loro uguali, & quali nò: & que<lb></lb>sta miſura, con che l'intelletto miſura le coſe, <lb></lb>è apunto come quella del muratore, ilquale <lb></lb>eſſendo richieſto al fare una torre ſimile di <lb></lb>larghezza, & lunghezza d'una gia fatta, <lb></lb>non potendo egli portare l'una, & l'altra ap<lb></lb>preſſo per uedere l'inequalità, ouero equali<lb></lb>tà, da queſto biſogno è stato aſtretto à ritro<lb></lb>uare un terzo, co'l quale le miſuraſſe, & que <lb></lb>sto terzo è la miſura, perche, (come bene <lb></lb>dice euclide) quelle coſe che ſono uguali à un <lb></lb>terzo, tra loro ſono uguali, & per il contra<lb></lb>rio ancora. </s> <s>Coſi parimente ha fatto l'intel<lb></lb>letto per potere bene conoſcere le coſe, & que<lb></lb>sta miſura di eſſo intelletto è chiamata da tut <lb></lb>ti ſillogiſmo, ò dimoſtratione, come di ſopra <lb></lb>noi l'hauemo chiamata, laquale hora noi an<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg102"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>che nominaremo ſillogiſmo. </s> <s>eſſo ſillogiſmo ri <lb></lb>ſulta da tre termini, de' quali due ne ſono que <lb></lb>gli di che cerchiamo la qualità, ouero inequa-<pb xlink:href="038/01/116.jpg" pagenum="96"></pb>lità, & l'altro è il mezo, ilquale hora appli <lb></lb>cato à uno de detti termini mi fa conoſcere <lb></lb>tutto quello che ricercamo di ſapere. </s> <s>Il per<lb></lb>che per la implicatione che fa eſſo mezo hora <lb></lb>con una coſa hora con l'altra, & finalmente <lb></lb>per quella che fanno le iſteſſe coſe tra loro, <lb></lb>naſce che tre ſono le implicationi de i ſudetti <lb></lb>tre termini ne i ſillogiſmi, lequali ſono chia<lb></lb>mate da gli autori prepoſitioni, & percio uo <lb></lb>lendo conoſcere il ſillogiſmo, & l'uſo ſuo, bi<lb></lb>ſogna conoſcere prima le prepoſitioni, & in<lb></lb>nanzi à eſſe biſogna conoſcere i termini, che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg103"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le compongono. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſti termini <lb></lb>non ſono eglino le uoci ſimplici? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> So<lb></lb>no eſſe, & poſſono eſſere ancora i ſemplici con <lb></lb>cetti dell'intelletto, & dico ſemplici concetti, <lb></lb>perche l'huomo con l'intelletto ſolo può uſare <lb></lb>il ſudetto iſtrumento ſenza che ne mandi uo<lb></lb>ce. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Pure come intenderete uoi li <lb></lb>termini in queſto noſtro parlare? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In<lb></lb>tenderemo per uoce, perche ſotto la uoce ſi <lb></lb>contiene anche il concetto, a tal che parlan<lb></lb>do della uoce parlaremo di tutte due. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Seguirebbe adunque che uoi parlaſte anche del <lb></lb>le coſe, perche il concetto è imagine della co<lb></lb>ſa T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Benißimo, ma però noi non ha<lb></lb>ueremo l'occhio alle coſe, ma ſolo alle uoci in <lb></lb>quanto rappreſentano i concetti, & percio <pb xlink:href="038/01/117.jpg" pagenum="97"></pb>dico che la uoce non è altro che un ſegno, co'l <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg104"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quale ſi manifeſta il concetto, ouero (come be <lb></lb>ne la diffiniſce Ariſtotele) la uoce è un ſuono <lb></lb>dell'animale, cauſato dalla percußione dell'ae<lb></lb>re reſpirato nella canna del polmonc, modifi<lb></lb>cata dalla imaginatione per proferire tal uoce <lb></lb>che moſtri quello che l'animo ha conceputo. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſta diffinitione conuerrebbe à <lb></lb>ogni ſorte di uoce de gli animali. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Conuerrebbe, ma aſcoltate la diuiſione. </s> <s>Eſſa <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg105"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uoce ſi diuide in ſignificatiua, & non ſignifi<lb></lb>catiua: oltra di queſto la ſignificatiua ſi di<lb></lb>uide in naturalmente ſignificatiua, & in ſi<lb></lb>gnificatiua ſecondo il piacere dell'huomo: non <lb></lb>ſigniſicatiua è quella uoce, che altro non rap<lb></lb>preſenta all'intelletto di chi ode ſe non il ſuo<lb></lb>no, come è il mugire de buoi, l'annitrire de <lb></lb>caualli. </s> <s>La uoce che naturalmente ſignifica <lb></lb>è quella che rappreſenta appreſſo tutti ſempre <lb></lb>il medeſimo concetto, come il piagnere del<lb></lb>l'huomo, che appo tutti moſtra triſtezza. <lb></lb></s> <s>La uoce poi che è artificiale, cioè à benepla<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg106"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cito dell'huomo, della quale hora intendiamo <lb></lb>di ragionare, è quella che da una natione è <lb></lb>poſta à una coſa, per mezo della quale un'al<lb></lb>tra natione non intenderà quella coſa, ma un'al <lb></lb>tra, ouero niente, perche ella è ſecondo il uo<lb></lb>lere de gli huomini. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dimodo che <pb xlink:href="038/01/118.jpg" pagenum="98"></pb>aggiugnendo alla diffinitione queſte due paro<lb></lb>le, ſignificatiua, à beneplacito, haueremo la <lb></lb>diffinitione della uoce di che parliamo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg107"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Vero e, & queſta uoce ſi diuide in uoce di pri<lb></lb>ma intentione, & di ſeconda intentione, & <lb></lb>quella della prima intentione è la uoce che ſi<lb></lb>gnifica il concetto, ilquale immediatamente <lb></lb>riceue l'intelletto dalla coſa, come à dire ca<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg108"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>pra, leone. </s> <s>La uoce, della ſeconda intentio <lb></lb>ne è poi quella che ſignifica il concetto della <lb></lb>mente riceuuto immediatamente non dalla co<lb></lb>ſa, ma dal modo d'intenderla; percioche l'in <lb></lb>telletto (per darne eſſempio) poi che ha rice<lb></lb>uuto la natura humana ſecondo la prima in<lb></lb>tentione, paragona queſto primo concetto poi <lb></lb>à tutti gli huomini, & uedendo che conuiene <lb></lb>queſto concetto à tutti gli huomini, forma di <lb></lb>ſubito un concetto di eſſa natura humana, per <lb></lb>che prima la conſideraua in ſe come partico<lb></lb>lare, & dopò il paragone che ha fatto la con<lb></lb>ſidera in uniuerſale, il cui concetto lo chia<lb></lb>mamo ſeconda intentione, & le uoci, che rap <lb></lb>preſentano eſſa ſi chiamano uoci uniuerſali, ò <lb></lb>ſpecie, ò communi, di che parlando Porfirio <lb></lb>ne i Predicabili, & Ariſtotele nella Topica <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg109"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uolſero che foſſero cinque, cioè Genere, Specie, <lb></lb>Differenza, Proprio, & Accidente. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>et di quali uoci parlaremo noi? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Del-<pb xlink:href="038/01/119.jpg" pagenum="99"></pb>le uoci della ſeconda intentione maßimamente, <lb></lb>lequali, ſi come ho detto, ſono cinque, ne sta <lb></lb>rò à diſcorrer molto quali ſieno le loro differen <lb></lb>ze, diffinitioni, ne diuiſioni, preſupponendo <lb></lb>che ſolo ne baſti di hauerui aßignati i luoghi, <lb></lb>oue amplißimamente potete uedere di queſte <lb></lb>tutto quello, che ſi ricerca alla loro cognitione; <lb></lb>non tacerò gia di dire perche ſono detti uni<lb></lb>uerſali. </s> <s>L'uniuerſale è quella uoce, che ſi pre <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg110"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dica di piu d'uno, & accio ſappiate che coſa <lb></lb>s'intende per predicare di molti, notare doue <lb></lb>te, che altro non uuol dire che quello uniuer<lb></lb>ſale ſi diſtende con la ſua ſignificatione à mol<lb></lb>ti, cioè ſi contengono ſotto quello uniuerſale <lb></lb>tutti quelli di che eſſo ſi predica; come l'huo<lb></lb>mo che è ſpecie, ſi predica di tutti particolari <lb></lb>huomini, perche eßi ſono contenuti da lui; <lb></lb>l'animale che è genere parimente ſi predica <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg111"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dell'huomo, cauallo, leone, & altri, perche <lb></lb>eßi contenendoſi ſotto tal genere, poſſono a uno <lb></lb>per uno dire io ſono animale; ben poi ſono diffe <lb></lb>renti tra loro non per il genere, ma per la dif<lb></lb>ferenza, perche l'huomo potrà dire a ſe steſſo <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg112"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>io ſono animale rationale, & al cauallo tu ſei <lb></lb>bene animale come io, ma differente da me <lb></lb>perche non ſei rationale; & ecco che queſta <lb></lb>differenza ſi predicarà di tutti gli huomini, <lb></lb>perche con la ſua ſignificatione ſi diſtende <pb xlink:href="038/01/120.jpg" pagenum="100"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg113"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>medeſimamente à tutti. </s> <s>Il proprio è uniuer<lb></lb>ſale medeſimamente perche ſi predica di tutti <lb></lb>quegli che ſi contengono ſotto la ſpecie di che è <lb></lb>proprio, come è riſibile di tutti gli huomini. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg114"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>L'accidente ancora è uninerſale per la medeſi<lb></lb>ma ragione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se coſi è, ſarà anco <lb></lb>uniuerſale l'indiuiduo, perche anch'eſſo ſi pre <lb></lb>dica di ſe medeſimo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non può eſſe<lb></lb>re queſto, perche in ogni attione, ſi preſup<lb></lb>pongono due termini, cioè agente, & patien <lb></lb>te, & però nella predicatione ui è ſempre il <lb></lb>ſuggetto, & il predicato & nell'indiuiduo, <lb></lb>eſſendo coſi, non ha altro ſeco, ma ſi sta coſi <lb></lb>ſolo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Quale adunque ſarà il predi<lb></lb>cato nella predicatione, quello forſe che ſarà <lb></lb>piu uniuerſale? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Quello ſarà apunto, <lb></lb>& il ſuggetto ſarà il meno uniuerſale, pure <lb></lb>auertite, che alle uolte gli accidenti proprij ſi <lb></lb>predicano della ſpecie loro, ma non però ſono <lb></lb>piu uniuerſali di eſſa, ma ſi conuertono con lei, <lb></lb>à talche potiamo dire, che il predicato è ouero <lb></lb>piu uniuerſale, ouero tanto uniuerſale alme<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg115"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>no quanto è il ſuggetto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tutte le <lb></lb>predicationi fannoſi elle per un medeſimo mo<lb></lb>do? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s>Non gia, perche ſono alcune <lb></lb>uoci, che ſi predicano di molti ſuggetti in quan<lb></lb>to al nome ſolo, come à dire il cane, ilquale <lb></lb>ſi predica del cane terreſtre, del manino, & <pb xlink:href="038/01/121.jpg" pagenum="101"></pb>celeſte ſolamente ſecondo il nome, & non ſe<lb></lb>condo la diffinitione, perche eßi non poſſono <lb></lb>conuenire in una diffinitione, ma ciaſcuno di <lb></lb>loro ne hanno una appartata. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Eßi <lb></lb>ſono gli equiuoci d'Ariſtotele. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Sono <lb></lb>li medeſimi, & quegli che lui chiama uniuo<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg116"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ci, ſono quelle uoci che ſi predicano, & quan<lb></lb>to al nome, & quanto alla diffinitione de ſuoi <lb></lb>ſuggetti, come apunto fanno le cinque uoci <lb></lb>gia dette, però che l'huomo, quanto al nome, <lb></lb>conuiene à tutti gli huomini, perche tutti ſi <lb></lb>chiamano huomini, & conuiene anche quan<lb></lb>to alla diffinitione perche tutti ſono rationali, <lb></lb>riſibili, come egli è. </s> <s>Sonoui alcune altre uo <lb></lb>ci lequali medeſimamente l'iſteſſo Ariſtotele <lb></lb>chiama denominatiui, perche pigliano il no<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg117"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>me da altri, come giuſto dalla giuſtitia, ol<lb></lb>tra à queſta diuiſione di uoci fa altre diuiſio<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg118"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ni Ariſtotele, ma ſpecialmente una ſecondo <lb></lb>le coſe, di che eſſe ſono ſegni, perche elle o ue<lb></lb>ro che ſignificano ſuſtanza, ouero quantità, <lb></lb>ouero qualità, ò relatione, ouero altre ſei co <lb></lb>ſe che ſono di queſti quattro compoſte, come <lb></lb>il luogo, il tempo, che ſono compoſti & di ſu<lb></lb>ſtanza; & di quantità, l'attione, & la paßione <lb></lb>che ſono compoſte di ſuſtanza, & qualità, il ſi <lb></lb>to, et l'habito, che ſono compoſti di ſuſtanza, et <lb></lb>relatione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et queſti ſono i predica <lb></lb>menti d'Ariſtotele, ma ditemi di gratia che <pb xlink:href="038/01/122.jpg" pagenum="102"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg119"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differenza fate uoi tra predicamento & pre<lb></lb>dicato. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io gli faccio quella diffe<lb></lb>renza, che è tra la potenza, & l'atto. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Intendo, ſeguite pure ſecondo il uo<lb></lb>stro ordine. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Fin qui uoi hauete la <lb></lb>diuiſione delle uoci, lequali ſi poſſono oppor<lb></lb>re una con l'altra ſecondo alcuni, non che la <lb></lb>uoce ſi opponga alla uoce, ma in quanto che <lb></lb>ſignificano coſe oppoſite, & uogliono eßi che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg120"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſieno quattro oppoſitioni; una cioè che chia<lb></lb>mano contradittioni, & è quando una uoce è <lb></lb>con negatione, & l'altra ſenza negatione, <lb></lb>cioè l'huomo, non huomo: chiamano anco op <lb></lb>poſitione contraria quando le uoci ſignificano <lb></lb>qualità oppoſte, come caldo, & freddo, uo<lb></lb>gliono ancora che le uoci ſi oppongano ſecon<lb></lb>do l'habito, & priuatione, & cioè quando <lb></lb>l'una ſignifica la forma, l'altra la priuatione <lb></lb>di eſſa forma, ſi come la cecità, & il uede<lb></lb>re: dicono finalmente che ſi oppongono ſecon<lb></lb>do la relatione, & è quando una uoce ſignifi <lb></lb>ca il relatiuo, & l'altra il correlatiuo, come <lb></lb>padre, & figliuolo, ſeruo, & padrone. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ma io non tengo che queſte ſieno uere oppo<lb></lb>ſitioni, perche l'opporſi è un contraſtare, & <lb></lb>eßi non contraſtano, perche non affermano, <lb></lb>ne niegano non eſſendo loro ufficio, ma delle <lb></lb>orationi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non ſi può anco diuide-<pb xlink:href="038/01/123.jpg" pagenum="103"></pb>re tutte le uoci ſolo in due parti, come bene <lb></lb>ha fatto Ariſtotele in nome, & uerbo? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si può benißimo, & non ſenza ca<lb></lb>gione fece queſta diuiſione Ariſtotele, perche <lb></lb>egli uoleua parlare delle propoſitioni, che ſo<lb></lb>no ſolo da nome & uerbo compoſte. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Come? </s> <s>ueggio io che entrano nelle propoſitio<lb></lb>ni, & negationi, & congiuntioni, & altre. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Vi entrano, ma ſi come entra nella <lb></lb>compoſitione dell'huomo l'accidente che però <lb></lb>non è della eſſenza di eſſo huomo, & ſe pure <lb></lb>uolete che la negatione habbia qualche forza <lb></lb>nella propoſitione, dite che ella l'ha congiun<lb></lb>ta co'l predicato. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et queſto mi ba<lb></lb>sta, & di piu ho inteſo da queſto uoſtro par<lb></lb>lare, che il uerbo nella propoſitione ſarà come <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg121"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>il predicato, & il nome come il ſuggetto. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> uero è, ſe per ſorte non ui ſia ſe non <lb></lb>il uerbo & il nome ſuſtantiale, come à dire <lb></lb>l'huomo è. </s> <s>ma anco quando nella oratione ui <lb></lb>ſono piu nomi, il uerbo ſempre ſi accoſta al <lb></lb>predicato, come à dire l'huomo è giuſto. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Perche il uerbo & il nome ſi poſſo<lb></lb>no comporre in molti modi, ditemi di gratia, <lb></lb>può il logico ſeruirſi d'ogni ſorte di oratione, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg122"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>fatte dal grammatico? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Solo della <lb></lb>enunciatione può egli ſeruirſi, perche il ſuo <lb></lb>ufficio è ſolo di fare iſtrumento che ſerua ad <pb xlink:href="038/01/124.jpg" pagenum="104"></pb>inueſtigare, & affirmare la uerità, & rifiu<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg123"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tare la falſità; & però ſi ſerue ſolo della enun <lb></lb>tiatione, laquale è compoſta & di nome, & <lb></lb>di uerbo, & non di qualunque caſo di nome, <lb></lb>ma del retto ſolo, non di qualunque modo, <lb></lb>ouero tempo del uerbo, ma ſolo del modo in<lb></lb>dicatiuo, & del tempo preſente paſſato, & <lb></lb>futuro, ſi che hauete da che ſi componga la <lb></lb>enuntiatione, laquale non è altro che una ora<lb></lb>tione, ò parlamento che d'una coſa afferma, <lb></lb>ouero niega, & per non gittare uia tempo in <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg124"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>darno ecco la diuiſione della enunciatione. <lb></lb></s> <s>prima o ella è affermatiua, ò negatiua: affer <lb></lb>matiua è quella che afferma il predicato eſſe<lb></lb>re nel ſuggetto, come à dire l'huomo è buono, <lb></lb>ecco che la bontà è nell'huomo: la negatione è <lb></lb>quella che rimuoue eſſo predicato dal ſugget<lb></lb>to come à dire, l'huomo non è buono. </s> <s>ciaſcu<lb></lb>na di queſte ſpecie poſſono eſſere uniuerſali, <lb></lb>ouero particolari, ouero infinita ouero ſingo<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg125"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lari la enunciatione uniuerſale è quella che <lb></lb>ouero uniuerſalmente afferma, ouero uniuer<lb></lb>ſalmente rimuoue il predicato dal ſuggetto, <lb></lb>la particalare è ancor quella che particolar<lb></lb>mente afferma, ouero niega l'iſteſſo predicato <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg126"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſere nel ſuggetto. </s> <s>La indeſinita enunciatione <lb></lb>è quella che da qualche ſuggetto uniuerſale <lb></lb>non uniuerſalmente, ouero particolarmente <pb xlink:href="038/01/125.jpg" pagenum="105"></pb>rimuoue il predicato, ouero lo niega, & di <lb></lb>queſta ue ne do eſſempio, perche è un poco piu <lb></lb>oſcura delle altre, come, l'huomo è animale, <lb></lb>ecco che non ui è ſegno uniuerſale, ne partico <lb></lb>lare, & però ſi chiama indefinita. </s> <s>Hora <lb></lb>ciaſcuna di queſte propoſitioni, ouero che ſa<lb></lb>rà del primo adiacente, ouero del ſecondo, & <lb></lb>chiamaremo prepoſitioni del primo adiacente, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg127"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>lequali ſolamente ſono d'un nome, & d'un uer <lb></lb>bo, come à dirt l'huomo è, l'huomo non è, <lb></lb>& quelle dico eſſere del ſecondo adiacente, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg128"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nelle quali ſono due nomi, & un uerbo, come <lb></lb>l'huomo è giuſto, l'huomo non è giuſto, à tal <lb></lb>che quelle del primo adiacento ſolamente affer <lb></lb>mano il ſuggetto eſſere, ò non eſſere, ma quel <lb></lb>le del ſecondo non affermano il ſuggetto eſſe<lb></lb>re, ma la paßione, ouero predicato eſſere in <lb></lb>eſſo ſuggetto, come apparene gli eſſempi dati, <lb></lb>Di nuouo tutte queſte propoſitioni ſi poſſono <lb></lb>treplicare, per riſpetto del uerbo, ilquale può <lb></lb>eſſere preſente, paſſato, & futuro, & que<lb></lb>ste propoſitioni ſono chiamate da latini, propo <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg129"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſitioni de ineſſe; ciaſcuna delle quali di nuouo <lb></lb>potrà eſſere quadruplicata, & in queſta qua<lb></lb>druplicatione mutano il nome, perche di pro<lb></lb>poſitioni de ineſſe che ſi chiamauano, ſi chia<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg130"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>maranno propoſitioni modali, perche ciaſcu<lb></lb>na di loro potrà hauere ciaſcuno di queſti <pb xlink:href="038/01/126.jpg" pagenum="106"></pb>quattro modi, cioè neceſſario, poßibile, im<lb></lb>poßibile, & contingente, come à dire neceſſa <lb></lb>riamente l'huomo è giuſto, ouero non neceſſa<lb></lb>riamente l'huomo è giuſto, & coſi delle altre. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vltimamente ogni una, coſi quelle de ineſſe, <lb></lb>come le modali poſſono eſſere triplicate, per <lb></lb>riſpetto delle tre materie, cioè neceſſaria, con<lb></lb>tingente, & remota, come per eſſempio, l'huo<lb></lb>mo è animale, l'huomo è bianco, l'huomo è <lb></lb>un ſaſſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſto numero di prepoſi<lb></lb>tioni ſarà quaſi infinito. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hauete <lb></lb>parlato bene à dire quaſi, accioche udita l'al <lb></lb>tra parte delle prepoſitioni potiate dire infini<lb></lb>ta aſſolutamente. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Che adunque, <lb></lb>ue ne ſono ancora. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Altrettante ue<lb></lb>ne ſono, perche ciaſcuna delle ſudette poſſono <lb></lb>eſſere prononciate con conditione, & diſgiun<lb></lb>tione, non affermando, ſi come fanno le paſ<lb></lb>ſate la coſa eſſere, ouero non eſſere, & que<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg131"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ste ſono chiamate hipotetice propoſitioni, cioè <lb></lb>propoſitioni conditionate, come à dire ſe è <lb></lb>giorno egli è luce, ſe egli è buon huomo, è an <lb></lb>che giuſto: & queſte quantunque ſieno in po <lb></lb>co uſo, ſi poſſono nondimeno uariare in molti <lb></lb>modi, perche ouero che ſaranno diſgiunte, co <lb></lb>me à dire è l'A, ouero la B. poſſono eſſere <lb></lb>conditionali ancora, & queſte ouero ſaranno <lb></lb>ſemplici, ouero compoſte, le ſemplici come ſe è <pb xlink:href="038/01/127.jpg" pagenum="107"></pb>l'A, è anco la B; le compoſte ancora ſi diui <lb></lb>dono & ouero ſaranno con una conditione, <lb></lb>ouero con due, con due conditioni, come ſe è <lb></lb>l'A, & ſe è la B, è anco la C. con una ſo<lb></lb>la, come ſe è l'A, ſarà la B, & la C. <lb></lb> M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mi diceuate che ne rimaneua la me <lb></lb>tà da connumerare, & per quello che io poſſo <lb></lb>comprendere da queſta diuiſione ſi poſſono due <lb></lb>uolte triplicare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il mio non fu erro<lb></lb>re, perche io non ui dißi coſi per affermarui <lb></lb>il numero delle propoſitioni, che mi reſtaua, <lb></lb>ma per riſpondere à uoi che diceuate che era<lb></lb>no quaſi infinite; ma intorno à queſti douete <lb></lb>notare, perche hauemo detto che non afferma <lb></lb>no, ne niegano ſe non conditionatamente, che <lb></lb>eſſe conoſcerete affermare, ouero negare dalla <lb></lb>conſequentia loro, perche ſe la conſequenza <lb></lb>affermarà qualche coſa, uoi direte eſſere affer <lb></lb>matiue, & ſe anco negarà, uoi direte eſſere <lb></lb>negatiue. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſte propoſitioni con<lb></lb>ditionali però hanno i medeſimi termini, che <lb></lb>hanno quelle de ineſſe, & le modali, ma ſolo <lb></lb>ſono differenti per la conditione, ouero diſiun <lb></lb>tione, che ſe li aggiungono. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ne <lb></lb>piu ne meno è di quello che uoi dite, & qui <lb></lb>finiſce la diuiſione delle propoſitioni, & ſe ui <lb></lb>pareſſe intorno à eſſa diuiſione qualche diffi<lb></lb>cultà, perche io, per breuità, non ne ho dato <pb xlink:href="038/01/128.jpg" pagenum="108"></pb>di tutte l'eſſempio, ſe non uolete chiedere à <lb></lb>me ricorrete intorno à Boetio, ilquale di tutte <lb></lb>le propoſitioni ha parlato, ma eſquiſitißima<lb></lb>mente delle hippotetice. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s>Per hora <lb></lb>pare à me che io ne ſia capacißimo, ne dubito <lb></lb>punto che con queſta idea, che io ho nella men<lb></lb>te, non ritroua il numero di tutte le propoſitio<lb></lb>ni. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hor baſta, poi che le hauete <lb></lb>coſi bene inteſe, annotate alcune coſe in uni<lb></lb>uerſale intorno ad eſſe propoſitioni, ne uerre<lb></lb>mo à dire del Sillogiſmo, & finalmente della <lb></lb>demoſtratione, come è stato inſino da princi<lb></lb>pio propoſto. </s> <s>La prima coſa che uoglio che <lb></lb>noi annotiamo è la oppoſitione delle propoſitio <lb></lb>ni, perche, ſe bene io mi raccordo, parlan<lb></lb>do delle uoci, diceuo che elleno non ſi oppon<lb></lb>gono ueramente, ma che è proprio delle pro<lb></lb>poſitioni; però douiamo ſapere, che la propo<lb></lb>ſitione uniuerſale affermatiua, & la uniuer<lb></lb>ſale negatiua d'uno iſteſſo ſogetto, & predica <lb></lb>to, & conle medeſime altre conditioni, po<lb></lb>ste all incontro ſono contrarie, ne poſſono eſſe<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg132"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re inſieme mai uere, ſia mò in quale ſi uoglia <lb></lb>ſorte di propoſitioni, poſſono bene eſſere l'una <lb></lb>uera, & l'altra falſa, oueramente amendue <lb></lb>falſe, & ſe l'affermatiua uniuerſale, ſarà al<lb></lb>l'incontro della particolare negatiua, con le <lb></lb>ſopradctte conditioni, ilche intenderò in ogni <pb xlink:href="038/01/129.jpg" pagenum="109"></pb>ſorte di oppoſitione, dico che ſaranno contra<lb></lb>dittorie, come ſara anco ſe la negatiua uniuer <lb></lb>ſale ſi oppone alla particolare negatiua, le<lb></lb>quali mai non poſſono eſſere amendue ue<lb></lb>re, ò falſe inſieme, ma l'una uera, & <lb></lb>l'altra falſa; ma ſe per caſo ancora metteßi<lb></lb>mo due particolari all incontro, l'una afferma <lb></lb>tiua, & l'altra negatiua, dire dobbiamo che <lb></lb>queſta oppoſitione è ſubcontraria, la cui leg<lb></lb>ge è che poßino eſſere inſieme uere, ma non <lb></lb>falſe. </s> <s>Poßiamo fare un'altra implicatione, <lb></lb>cioè confrontare la uniuerſale affermatiua con <lb></lb>la particolare affermatiua, ouero la uniuerſa <lb></lb>lc negatiua, con la particolare negatiua, & <lb></lb>queſte complicationi le chiamaremo ſubalter<lb></lb>ne, non per altro, ſe non perche la particola<lb></lb>re è ſottopoſta alla uniuerſale, nella iſteſſa <lb></lb>ſorte parlando, & queſta legge è che ſe le <lb></lb>uniuerſali ſono uere, tali ſaranno anche le <lb></lb>particolari, & il ſimile intenderemo delle fal<lb></lb>ſe, ma non per il contrario, cioè la uerità <lb></lb>della particolare, ò falſità non farà la uni<lb></lb>uerſale uera, ò falſa. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Che oppoſi<lb></lb>tione ſarà ſe due ſingolari propoſitioni l'una <lb></lb>affermatiua, & l'altra negatiua ſarà all'in<lb></lb>contro, non ſarà ella propoſitione contradit<lb></lb>toria? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi ſarà, & queſto ne baſti <lb></lb>circa le oppoſitioni. </s> <s>Et perche ſi ſuol dire <pb xlink:href="038/01/130.jpg" pagenum="110"></pb>che dalla guerra ſi uiene alla pace, uenia<lb></lb>mo noi dalla oppoſitione delle propoſitioni alla <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg133"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>conuerſione di eſſe. </s> <s>Però la propoſitione uni<lb></lb>uerſale negatiua ſi conuerte in ſe ſteſſa, co<lb></lb>me ſarebbe à dire ſe glie uero che neſſuna <lb></lb>A, non è la B, ſarà anco uero à dire, che <lb></lb>neſſuna B, ſia per A. M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si dirà dun<lb></lb>que le propoſitioni conuertirſe in ſe ſteſſe <lb></lb>ogni uolta che ſeruata la qualità, & quan<lb></lb>tità ſi mutano ſolamente i termini. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Sarà & ſi chiamerà ſemplice conuerſione. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La propoſitione uniuerſale afferma<lb></lb>tiua in che ſi conuertirà? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s>Si con<lb></lb>uertirà in una particolare affermatiua, co<lb></lb>me ſe è uero che ogni A, ſia B, ſarà anco <lb></lb>uero che qualche B; ſarà A. & queſta con<lb></lb>uerſione chiamano gli autori conuerſione per <lb></lb>accidente. </s> <s>La particolare affermatiua ella <lb></lb>ſi conuerte in ſe steſſa nel medeſimo modo <lb></lb>che fa la uniuerſale negatiua. </s> <s>La particola<lb></lb>re negatiua, ella non ſi conuerte, & queſte <lb></lb>conuerſioni ſi debbono intendere in materia <lb></lb>neceſſaria maßimamente, & queſte ſono le <lb></lb>conuerſioni delle propoſitioni, dico delle pro<lb></lb>poſitioni, percioche ne i ſillogiſmi come ue<lb></lb>deremo, oltra queſte ſe ne fanno delle altre, <lb></lb>cioè ſi fa la conuerſione dell'impoßibile, & <lb></lb>ſi muta anco la maggiore in minore, & la <pb xlink:href="038/01/131.jpg" pagenum="111"></pb>minore in maggiore, ſi come poi commo<lb></lb>damente uederemo al ſuo proprio luogo. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per non interrompere il uoſtro paſ<lb></lb>ſato ragionamento, ho uoluto riſeruare fino <lb></lb>à queſt'hora una dubitatione, laquale hora <lb></lb>ui dirò, poiche ui ueggio uolere ſalire à ſil<lb></lb>logiſmi. </s> <s>Hauete detto che le conditioni della <lb></lb>ſingolare negatiua, & affermatiua ſono che <lb></lb>di neceßità l'una ſia uera, & l'altra falſa, <lb></lb>& ſe egli è uero, come ſarà alcuna propo<lb></lb>ſitione contingente? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io ho detto che <lb></lb>queſte due propoſitioni ſeruano le condittioni <lb></lb>delle contradittorie cioè che nel tempo futuro <lb></lb>(perche ne gli altri tempi non è dubbio) ne<lb></lb>ceſſariamente ne ſarà una uera, & l'altra <lb></lb>falſa, & quale mò di queſte due habbia da <lb></lb>eſſer uera, dico che affermare non ſi può, & <lb></lb>però sta benißimo inſieme, che di queſte pro<lb></lb>poſitioni l'una neceſſariamente habbia da eſſer <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg134"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uera, & l'altra falſa, & che ſieno uere, ò <lb></lb>falſe conting entemente: perche ſe le conſide<lb></lb>riamo amendue inſieme; cioè in ſenſo compo<lb></lb>sto, come dicono i logici, dico che neceſſaria<lb></lb>mente l'una ſaria uera, & l'altra falſa, ma <lb></lb>ſe le conſideriamo ſeparate in ſenſo diuiſo, al<lb></lb>l'hora dico che non hanno alcuna neceßità, pe <lb></lb>rò che ſe noi diremo, domani ſarà guerra, non <lb></lb>è neceſſario che ſia, ò che non ſia, & il ſimi-<pb xlink:href="038/01/132.jpg" pagenum="112"></pb>le ſarà della ſua negatiua: ma ſe diremo do<lb></lb>mani ſarà guerra, domani non ſarà guerra, <lb></lb>dico che neceſſariamente l'una ſarà uera, & <lb></lb>l'altra falſa, & queſta medeſima ſolutione <lb></lb>diede Ariſtotele à gli Stoici, che teneuano tut <lb></lb>te le coſe auuenire neceſſariamente. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Mi occorrono bene ancora delle altre difficul<lb></lb>tà, ma conſidero che non hanno qui il proprio <lb></lb>luogo ma ui ſarà tempo un'altra uolta con <lb></lb>maggiore commodità, & però ſeguite pure lo <lb></lb>intento uoſtro. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> è luogo, & tempo <lb></lb>quando uoi uolete, ma poi che coſi ui piace <lb></lb>me ne uengo al ſillogiſmo di lungo, intorno al <lb></lb>quale prima ſapere douete, che eſſo è di tante <lb></lb>ſpecie, di quante ſono le propoſitioni, perche <lb></lb>da quelle è compoſto; ma per non andare mol <lb></lb>to in lungo, parlaremo in uniuerſale di eſſo ſil <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg135"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>logiſmo, & poi ſcorreremo alle particolarità <lb></lb>ſe il tempo nel concederà. </s> <s>Il ſillogiſmo adun <lb></lb>que, è un parlare nel quale eſſendo poſte due <lb></lb>propoſitioni, ne riſulta un'altra differente dal <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg136"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le poſte, come à dire l'A, è la B, la C, è la <lb></lb>A, adunque la C, è la B. & eſſo ſillogiſmo <lb></lb>ſi può conſiderare in due modi, ouero in ri<lb></lb>ſpetto della ſua forma, ouero in riſpetto della <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>Conſideramolo dunque in quanto al <lb></lb>la ſua forma, perche tutte le ſorti de ſillo<lb></lb>giſmi conuengono nella forma, ma per riſpetto <pb xlink:href="038/01/133.jpg" pagenum="113"></pb>della materia ſono diuerſe, come intenderete <lb></lb>poi. </s> <s>Diuideſi dunque il ſillogiſmo in riſpetto <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg137"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>della forma in ſillogiſmo perfetto, & imper<lb></lb>fetto: il perfetto è quello, che non ha di biſo <lb></lb>gno dell'altrui aiuto à prouare la propoſitione, <lb></lb>che intende di prouare, & l'imperfetto è quel <lb></lb>lo che ha di biſogno del perfetto, per uenire al <lb></lb>l'intento ſuo. </s> <s>In genere tre ſono le figure, ò <lb></lb>forme de ſillogiſmi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Perche coſitre, <lb></lb>& non piu, ò meno? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Per queſto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Voi ſapete, ò almeno ſapere douete che ogni <lb></lb>ſillogiſmo ha tre termini, de' quali uno ſi chia<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg138"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma mezo termine. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Perche coſime<lb></lb>zo termine? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Perche è il mezo co'l <lb></lb>quale ſi congiungono gli altri due, ouero ſi <lb></lb>diſgiungono, & è la miſura, la quale fa co<lb></lb>noſcere la equalità de gli altri termini, de' <lb></lb>quali uno ſi chiama maggiore Eſtremità, & <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg139"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>l'altro minore Eſtremità. </s> <s>La maggiore eſtre<lb></lb>mità è quel termine che è piu uniuerſale fuo<lb></lb>ra del mezo, & la minore, è il minor termi<lb></lb>ne; & da qui naſce anco che tre ſono le pro<lb></lb>poſitioni, delle quali due ſono denominate dal <lb></lb>li due predetti termini, cioè quella, oue è la <lb></lb>maggiore eſtremità è detta maggiore, & quel <lb></lb>la oue è la minore è detta minore, & quella <lb></lb>che riſulta da queſte due è detta concluſione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hora queſti tre termini ſono ouero predicati, <pb xlink:href="038/01/134.jpg" pagenum="114"></pb>ouero ſuggetti, perche come hauemo detto, <lb></lb>la propoſitione non coſta d'altri termini, che <lb></lb>di predicato, & ſuggetto. </s> <s>onde dalla diuer<lb></lb>ſa implicatione di queſta, ne naſce la diuerſi<lb></lb>tà de ſillogiſmi, perche quel termine che ſarà <lb></lb>ſuggetto nella maggiore, ſarà poi predicato <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg140"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>nella minore, d'onde naſce la prima figura: <lb></lb>laquale è forma del ſillogiſmo perfetto, per eſ<lb></lb>ſer ella perfettißima, ouero anco il termine, <lb></lb>che ſarà ſuggetto nella maggiore, ſarà anco <lb></lb>ſuggetto nella minore, & di qui naſce la ſe<lb></lb>conda figura, ouero che il predicato nella mag <lb></lb>giore ſarà anco predicato nella minore, & <lb></lb>queſta ſarà la terza figura, ne ſi deue ammet <lb></lb>tere l'altra implicatione, & per queſto non ſi <lb></lb>ammetta la quarta figura, come hanno uolu<lb></lb>to alcuni; perche ſarebbe figura inutilißima. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hora ciaſcuna di queſte figure ha diuerſi gra<lb></lb>di, per riſpetto che quattro ſono le prepoſitio<lb></lb>ni, che poſſono eſſere approuate in ciaſcuna ſi <lb></lb>gura, & oltra di queſto, poſſono eſſer prouate <lb></lb>nella ſeconda & nella terza in diuerſi modi, <lb></lb>onde ne naſcono diuerſe propoſitioni. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Queſte propoſitioni ſono quattro, cioè, uniuer <lb></lb>ſale affermatiua, uniuerſale negatina, parti<lb></lb>colare affermatiua, & particolare negatiua <lb></lb>parimente. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tante ſono, & notate <lb></lb>che ilogici ſi hanno imaginate certe uoci uni-<pb xlink:href="038/01/135.jpg" pagenum="115"></pb>uerſali, lequali contengono tutte le regole de <lb></lb>igradi de ſillogiſmi d'ogni ſorte, & il primo <lb></lb>grado della prima figura. </s> <s>Si contiene ſotto <lb></lb>queſto nome di Barbara, ma accio intendiate <lb></lb>l'artificio di queſta parola, notate che in ogni <lb></lb>parola ſi ritrouano tre ſorti di lettere, quattro <lb></lb>uocali, cioè, à, e, i, o, lequali mi dimo<lb></lb>strano la quantità, & qualità delle prepoſitio, <lb></lb>ni, onde doue ſarà, à, ſarà ſempre la propo<lb></lb>ſitione uniuerſale affermatiua; doue ſarà, è, <lb></lb>ſempre la propoſitione ſarà uniuerſale negati<lb></lb>ua, & doue è la, i ſarà particolare afferma<lb></lb>tiua, & doue è la, o ſarà particolare negati <lb></lb>ua. </s> <s>Sono altre quattro lettere conſonanti, <lb></lb>lequali ſono in principio de inomi, che ſono, <lb></lb>b, c, d, f, lequali mi moſtrano ne i ſillogiſmi <lb></lb>imperfetti à quale perfetto ſillogiſmo della pri <lb></lb>ma figura ſi debbano ridurre, come ſarebbe <lb></lb>quel ſillogiſmo che ſi contiene ſotto al nome Ce <lb></lb>lantes ſi riduce il ſillogiſmo de celarent, per<lb></lb>cioche amendue incominciano da una iſteſſa let <lb></lb>tera, che e la, c, ſonoui altre quattro lette<lb></lb>re in eſſe uoci, cioè l, p, e, m, lequali mi <lb></lb>dimoſtrano la conuerſionc della propoſitione <lb></lb>che è innanzi a loro, la, l, dimoſtra ne i ſil<lb></lb>logiſmi imperfetti, che la propoſitione auanti <lb></lb>à lei ſi debba conuertire ſemplicemente, cioè <lb></lb>in ſe steſſa, la, p, dimoſtra che la propoſitio-<pb xlink:href="038/01/136.jpg" pagenum="116"></pb>ne ſi deue conuertire per accidente, la, c, di<lb></lb>moſtra che ſi deue conuertire per impoßibile, <lb></lb>la cui ſorte di conuerſione dichiararemo poi <lb></lb>quando ſaremo giunti al ſillogiſmo per impoßi <lb></lb>bile, poi che di eſſa non hauemo ancora ra<lb></lb>gionato; la, m, dimoſtrarà che la propoſi<lb></lb>tione innanzi à lei, ſarà maggiore ſi deue <lb></lb>fare minore. </s> <s>A tal che poi che hauerete ſa<lb></lb>puto quali ſieno le uoci della prima figura, <lb></lb>uoi ſaprete fare i ſillogiſmi, & di imperfetti <lb></lb>farli perfetti, & però la prima figura ha que <lb></lb>ste quattro dittioni, cioè. </s> <s>Barbara, Cela<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg141"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>rent, Darij, Ferio. </s> <s>Quelli della ſeconda ſono <lb></lb>le quattro dittioni del terzo uerſo, che ſono <lb></lb>Ceſare, Cameſtres, Feſtino, Baroco. </s> <s>Quelle <lb></lb>della terza figura ſono le ſei del quarto uerſo, <lb></lb>cioè Darapti, Felapton, Diſamis, Daptiſi, <lb></lb>Brocardo Feriſon. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Mò il ſecondo <lb></lb>uerſo à che figura ſi ridurrà egli inſieme con <lb></lb>baralipton ultima parola del primo? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Ci riducono ſotto la prima figura, ma non ho <lb></lb>io di queſte fatto mentione, percioche conclu<lb></lb>dono indircttamente, però accadendoui fare <lb></lb>tali ſillogiſmi, gli ridurrete a i primi della pri<lb></lb>ma figura, al modo che noi habbiamo detto di <lb></lb>ſopra. </s> <s>Vi darei l'eſſempio di tutti, & anco <lb></lb>ui moſtrarei la riduttione, ma mi allontanarei <lb></lb>troppo dal noſtro intento, che è ſolamente di <pb xlink:href="038/01/137.jpg" pagenum="117"></pb>moſtrarui uniuerſalmente le coſe. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Di gratia fate hora piu stima del mio intereſ<lb></lb>ſe, che del uoſtro ordine, del quale ſarete piu <lb></lb>toſto lodato da gli huomini d'intelletto, che <lb></lb>biaſimato. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hauete ragione, & pe<lb></lb>rò eccoui l'eſſempio del primo grado della pri<lb></lb>ma figura, laquale ſi contiene ſotto quel no<lb></lb>me barbara, che ha tre, a, che ne dimo<lb></lb>strano tre prepoſitioni uniuerſali, come à di<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>ogni, a, è, b, ogni, c, è, a, adunque <lb></lb>ogni, c, è, b, & queſto primo grado è ogni <lb></lb>uolta che (ſeruata la regola commune della <lb></lb>prima figura, che è che il ſugietto della mag<lb></lb>giore ſia il predicato della minore) la mag<lb></lb>giore eſtremità ſarà uniuerſalmente nel mezo <lb></lb>termine, & eſſo mezo ſarà tutto nella minore <lb></lb>eſtremità, & che neceſſariamente ſeguirà, che <lb></lb>la maggiore eſtremità ſarà nella minore. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Datemene di gratia uno eſſempio fi<lb></lb>ſico, & moſtratemi à dito tutte le coſe che ha <lb></lb>uete dette, perche mi ſaranno à chiarezza in <lb></lb>tutti gli altri eſſempi, ne ui ricercarò piu qua <lb></lb>le ſia il mezo termine, quale ſia la maggiore, <lb></lb>ò la minore, & altre faccnde. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ec<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg142"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>coui l'eſſempio fiſico nel primo grado della pri <lb></lb>ma figura. </s> <s>Ogni animale rationale è riſibi<lb></lb>le, ogni huomo è animale rationale, adunque <lb></lb>ogni huomo è riſibile. </s> <s>Per prima notate che <pb xlink:href="038/01/138.jpg" pagenum="118"></pb>tutte tre le propoſitioni ſono uniuerſali affirma <lb></lb>tiue, notate ancora che queſta prepoſitione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ogni animale rationale è riſibile è quella pro<lb></lb>poſitione che domandiamo maggiore, perche <lb></lb>in ſe contiene la maggiore eſtremità, che è riſi<lb></lb>bile, & contiene il mezo che è, ogni animale <lb></lb>rationale, de quali due termini l'uno ha ragio <lb></lb>ne di ſugetto che è il mezo termine, & l'al<lb></lb>tro ragione di predicato che è la maggiore <lb></lb>eſtremità. </s> <s>La minore propoſitione è queſta, <lb></lb>ogni huomo è animale rationale, perche ella <lb></lb>ha la minore eſtremità che è ogni huomo; la <lb></lb>concluſione poi è, adunque ogni huomo è ri<lb></lb>ſibile. </s> <s>Vltimamente notate in che modo la <lb></lb>maggiore eſtremità è uniuerſalmente nel me<lb></lb>zo, ſe ogni animale rationale è riſibile, ne<lb></lb>ceſſaria coſa è che riſibile, che è la maggiore <lb></lb>eſtremità, & che è predicato, ſia nel mezo, <lb></lb>che è ſuo ſugetto uniuerſalmente. </s> <s>è anco fa<lb></lb>cil coſa uedere in che modo il mezo ſia uniuer <lb></lb>ſalmente nella minore eſtremità, perche ſe <lb></lb>ogni huomo è animale rationale, anco ogni ani <lb></lb>male rationale ſarà huomo, & in che modo <lb></lb>poi ſegua neceſſariamente che la maggiore <lb></lb>eſtremità ſia nella minore, credo che la ragio <lb></lb>ne aſtringa l'intelletto uoſtro à crederlo, ſen<lb></lb>za ch'io ue lo moſtri à dito. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Haue<lb></lb>te fatta una fatica, che ſarà à uoi di gran <pb xlink:href="038/01/139.jpg" pagenum="119"></pb>ſolleuatione ne gli altri gradi, che dichiarate, <lb></lb>& à me di grandißima utilità, però ſeguite à <lb></lb>uoſtro bell'agio. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Purche ſia coſi, che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg143"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non m'interrompiate di nuouo. </s> <s>Il ſecondo mo <lb></lb>do della iſteſſa figura ſarà ogni uolta che la <lb></lb>maggiore stremità ſarà in neſſun mezo, & il <lb></lb>mezo ſarà in tutto nella minore iſtremità, & <lb></lb>neceſſariamente ſeguirà che la maggiore iſtre<lb></lb>mità non ſia nella minore, & queſto modo ſi <lb></lb>contiene ſotto la uoce, Celarent, come (per <lb></lb>eſſempio) niſſuno animale è ſaſſo, ogni huo<lb></lb>mo è animale, adunque niſſuno huomo è ſaſſo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Vi darò gli eſſempi naturali, perche ui ueg<lb></lb>gio deſiderargli. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Vi ringratio, ho <lb></lb>raueniamo al terzo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Il terzo modo <lb></lb>è quando la maggiore iſtremità è uniuerſal<lb></lb>mente nel mezo, & il mezo è particolarmen <lb></lb>tenella minore eſtremità, & però ſegue neceſ<lb></lb>ſariamente che la maggiore eſtremità ſia par<lb></lb>ticolarmente nella minore, & queſto modo è <lb></lb>ſotto il nome Darij, come, ogni animale è di<lb></lb>ſciplinabile, alcuno leone è animale, adunque <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg144"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alcun leone è diſciplinabile. </s> <s>Il quarto è quan <lb></lb>do la maggiore eſtremità non è in alcun modo <lb></lb>nel mezo, & il mezo è in qualche parte nella <lb></lb>minore eſtremità, onde ſi conclude la maggio<lb></lb>re eſtremità non eſſere in qualche parte nella <lb></lb>minore eſtremità. </s> <s>Seguirebbono hora gli al-<pb xlink:href="038/01/140.jpg" pagenum="120"></pb>tri cinque modi, cioè quegli, che ſono ſotto <lb></lb>queſti nomi Baralipton, Celantes, Dabitis, <lb></lb>Fapeſmo, Friſeſomorum, ma perche conchiu<lb></lb>dono indirettamente, gli poſtporremo à tutti. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Seruate l'ordine accidentale, & per <lb></lb>cio preponcte i piu degni a i meno degni. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ben ſapete. </s> <s>Hor ſeguono i modi de <lb></lb>i ſillogiſmi imperfetti, i quali ſi riducono a i <lb></lb>ſudetti, & diceuamo che la ſeconda figura è <lb></lb>quando il predicato della maggiore è anco pre <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg145"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dicato nella minore, laquale ha piu gradi ſi <lb></lb>come hauemo detto. </s> <s>Il primo è quando il <lb></lb>mezo non è in ueruna parte della maggiore <lb></lb>iſtremità, & eſſo mezo è in ogni parte della <lb></lb>minore eſtremità, onde ſegue che la maggio<lb></lb>re eſtremità non è in ueruna parte della mino<lb></lb>re, & queſto ſi contiene ſotto la uoce Ceſare, <lb></lb>come (per eſſempio) Niſſun uitio è uirtù, <lb></lb>ogni giuſtitia è uirtù, adunque niſſuna giuſti<lb></lb>tia è uitio, & ſi conuerte a Celarent, conuer<lb></lb>tendoſi la maggiore ſemplicemente, cioè in uni <lb></lb>uerſale negatiua, ſi come dicendo niſſuna uir<lb></lb>tù è uitio, ogni giuſtitia è uirtù, adunque niſ<lb></lb>ſuna giuſtitia è uitio. </s> <s>Il ſecondo modo poi è <lb></lb>quando il mezo è uniuerſalmente in tutta la <lb></lb>maggiore eſtremità, & non è in alcuna parte <lb></lb>della minore, & queſto è ſotto la uoce Came<lb></lb>stres, come à dire ogni animale è uiuente, <pb xlink:href="038/01/141.jpg" pagenum="121"></pb>niſſun ſaſſo uiue, adunque nißun ſaßo è ani<lb></lb>male, & ſi riduce a Celarent, conuertendoſi la <lb></lb>minore ſcmplicemente, cioè in uniuerſale ne<lb></lb>gatiua, & traſponendo la minore in maggio<lb></lb>re, & la maggiore in minore. </s> <s>Il terzo mo <lb></lb>do è quando il mezo non è in ueruna parte del <lb></lb>la maggiore, & in qualche parte della mino<lb></lb>re, & che ſegue che la maggiore eſtremità ſi <lb></lb>ritroua in qualche parte della minore, & è <lb></lb>ſotto la uoce Feſtino, come ſe dicemmo, nißun <lb></lb>aſino è huomo, Socrate è huomo, adunque So <lb></lb>crate non è aſino, & eßo ſi riduce a Ferio <lb></lb>conuertendoſi la maggiore ſemplicemente. <lb></lb></s> <s>Jl quarto modo di queſta figura è ogni uolta <lb></lb>che il mezo è uniuerſalmente nella maggiore <lb></lb>eſtremità, & particolarmente ſi rimuoue dal <lb></lb>la minore, & però ſi conchiude la maggiore <lb></lb>eſtremità non eßere in qualche parte della mi<lb></lb>nore, & queſto modo è contenuto dalla uoce <lb></lb>Barocho, il cui eßempio è queſto, Ogni uir<lb></lb>tù è laudabile, l'auaritia non è laudabile, <lb></lb>adunque l'auaritia non è uirtù, & eßo ſi ri<lb></lb>duce a Barbara co'l mezo della riſolutione per <lb></lb>l'impoßibile. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Che conuerſione è <lb></lb>queſta, che uoi chiamate per l'impoßibile, <lb></lb>perche di eßa non ne è fatta ancora mentione. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg146"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hauete ragione, & la conuerſio<lb></lb>ne fatta per l'impoßibile è quando ſi piglia <pb xlink:href="038/01/142.jpg" pagenum="122"></pb>l'oppoſito della concluſione, & una delle pre<lb></lb>meſſe, & ſi conchiude l'oppoſito dell'altra pre <lb></lb>mcſſa, come uerbigratia nell'argumento gia <lb></lb>detto, la concluſione è tale. </s> <s>l'auaritia non è <lb></lb>uirtù, & la ſua contradittoria è che ogni <lb></lb>auaritia è uirtù, laquale ſi piglia, & appli<lb></lb>ca alla maggiore del ſudetto argumento, che <lb></lb>è dal che ne ſegue poi l'oppoſito della minore, <lb></lb>che era l'auaritia non è laudabile, onde tale <lb></lb>ſarà l'argomento. </s> <s>Ogni uirtù è laudabile, <lb></lb>ogni auaritia e uirtù, adunque ogni auaritia <lb></lb>è laudabile, & ecco che la concluſione di que <lb></lb>sto argumento è contradittoria della minore <lb></lb>del primo che gia era stata ammeſſa per uera, <lb></lb>& però ſi chiama conuerſione per l'impoßibi<lb></lb>le, perche è impoßibile che due contraditto<lb></lb>rie ſieno inſieme uere. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non acca<lb></lb>derà che piu ui moleſti intorno alle conuerſio<lb></lb>ni, paſſate dunque a uoſtro piacere alla terza <lb></lb>figura, laquale, è quando quello che è ſugetto <lb></lb>nella maggiore è anco ſugetto nella minore, <lb></lb>& ella ha (per quello che uoi hauete detto) <lb></lb>ſei modi, de' quali n'aſpetto la uoſtra dichia<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg147"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ratione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il primo è quando la mag <lb></lb>giore eſtremità è in tutto'l mezo nel quale e <lb></lb>anco la minore, & percio ſi conclude che la <lb></lb>maggiore eſtremità è in qualche parte della mi<lb></lb>nore, & è retto dalla uoce Darapti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="038/01/143.jpg" pagenum="123"></pb>L'eſſempio di queſto tale deue eſſere. </s> <s>ogni huo <lb></lb>mo è ſuſtanza, ogni huomo c̀ animale, adun<lb></lb>que qualche animale è ſuſtanza, & per le re <lb></lb>gole gia datc, eſſo ſi uedc ridurre alla uoce <lb></lb>Darij conuertendoſi la minore per accidente, <lb></lb>cioè in particolare affirmatiua. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ne <lb></lb>potremo adunque iſpedire breuemente, poi <lb></lb>che uoi ui moſtrate capacißimo d'ogni coſa; <lb></lb>però il ſecondo modo è, quando la maggiore <lb></lb>eſtremità non è in alcum mezo, nel quale è la <lb></lb>minore uniuerſalmente, & ſi conclude che la <lb></lb>maggiore non ſarà in tutte le parti della mino<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come à dire, niſſuno animale è <lb></lb>morto, ogni animale è uiuo, adunque alcun <lb></lb>uiuo non è morto; & queſto tale argumento è <lb></lb>retto dalla uoce Felapton, & riduceſi alla uo <lb></lb>ce Ferio conuertendoſi la minore per acciden<lb></lb>te. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A queſto ſegue il terzo, ilqua<lb></lb>le è ogni uolta che la maggiore eſtremità è in <lb></lb>qualche parte del mezo, nel quale è uniuer<lb></lb>ſalmente la minore, & però ne ſegue la mag<lb></lb>giore eſſere in parte nella minore, & è ſotto <lb></lb>il nome Diſamis. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> et ecco l'eſſempio, <lb></lb>alcun huomo è giuſto, ogni huomo è animale, <lb></lb>adunque qualche animale è giuſto, & riduce <lb></lb>ſia Darij riſoluendoſi la maggiore ſemplice<lb></lb>mente, & la concluſione inſieme, traſponen<lb></lb>do anco le premeſſe. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> et perche que-<pb xlink:href="038/01/144.jpg" pagenum="124"></pb>sta conuerſione ha qualche difficultà, ne da<lb></lb>rò io l'eſſempio. </s> <s>Ogni huomo è animale, qual <lb></lb>che giuſto è huomo, adunque qualche giuſto <lb></lb>è animale. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hauete fatto bene à <lb></lb>darne eſſempio, però ueniamo al quarto modo. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il quarto modo è quando la maggio<lb></lb>re eſtremità è in tutto'l mezo nel quale in par <lb></lb>te ancora è la minore, & però ſegui che la <lb></lb>maggiore eſtremità ſia in parte nella minore, <lb></lb>& il ſuo nome che lo regge è Datiſi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>L'eſſempio di queſto (perche io sò che l'aſpet<lb></lb>tate da me) è, alcun huomo è ſuſtanza, al<lb></lb>cun huomo è animale, adunque qualche ani<lb></lb>male è ſuſtanza, & ſi conuerte a Darij con<lb></lb>uertendoſi ſolo la minore ſemplicemente. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il quinto modo, che non ueggio l'ho <lb></lb>ra di ſpedirmene è quando la maggiore ſi ri<lb></lb>muoue, in qualche parte dal mezo, nel quale <lb></lb>è tutta la minore, & però ſegue che la mag<lb></lb>giore ſi ritroua in qualche parte della minore, <lb></lb>ilqual modo uien contenuto dalla uoce Brocar<lb></lb>do, il cui eſſempio è. </s> <s>Alcun huomo non è <lb></lb>giuſto, ogni huomo è rationale, adunque al<lb></lb>cuno rationale non è giuſto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> et per <lb></lb>le regole che uoi hauete date, ſi riduce à Bar <lb></lb>bara per la conuerſione che è per l'impoßibile. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi è. </s> <s>Il ſeſto modo è quando la <lb></lb>maggiore eſtremità non è in alcuna parte del <pb xlink:href="038/01/145.jpg" pagenum="125"></pb>mezo, nel quale però è in particolare la mi<lb></lb>nore, per ilche ſegue che la maggiore eſtre<lb></lb>mità ſi rimuoua in parte dalla minore, & la <lb></lb>ſua uoce che lo regge è Feriſon, il cui eſſempio <lb></lb>è tale. </s> <s>Niſſun uitio è uirtù, alcun uitio è ma<lb></lb>le, adunque qualche male non è uirtù. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> et eſſo ſi riduce à Ferio, conuertendo <lb></lb>ſi la minore ſemplicemente. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> <expan abbr="Eī">Eim</expan> que <lb></lb>ste ſono breuemente le regole, delle conuerſio <lb></lb>ni, con gli eſſempi de i ſillogiſmi, che conclu<lb></lb>dono dirittamente; hora ne reſtano cinque, <lb></lb>che indirettamente concludono, de' quali par <lb></lb>te ne fu inuentore Ariſtotele, come di Fapeſ<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg148"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mon, & Friſemorum, come ſi puo uedere <lb></lb>nella Priora, & gli altri tre furono ritrouati <lb></lb>da Theofraſto, & Eudemo, che ſono Bara<lb></lb>lipton, Celantes, Dabitis, ne mi pare che di <lb></lb>queſti piu ne parliamo, ma baſta che ſi ſap<lb></lb>pia che ſeruano le regole della prima figura, <lb></lb>& ſi conuertono per le medeſime regole che <lb></lb>ſi conuertono anche gli altri predetti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Poi che ſono inutili, laſciamogli adunque in<lb></lb>ſieme con tutte le altre congiuntioni, ò com<lb></lb>binationi che ne uogliam dire, che non ne ſer <lb></lb>uano piu che tanto, di che pure ne fa mentio <lb></lb>ne Ariſtotele, ne mi pare che dobbiamo en<lb></lb>trare à dire delle miſtioni delle prepoſitioni, <lb></lb>eſſendo che la materia è lunga, & noi hab-<pb xlink:href="038/01/146.jpg" pagenum="126"></pb>biamo l'occhio alla demoſtratione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Sono per fare quello che uoi uolete. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Ditemi dunque, per quale ragione non ſi po<lb></lb>trebbe aggiugnere alle tre predette figure la <lb></lb>quarta, come bene aggiunſe Galeno? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Si potrebbe pur troppo aggiugnere, che Ari<lb></lb>stotele non lo uietarebbe, ſe però l'arte lo com <lb></lb>portaſſe. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et perche non lo compor <lb></lb>tarebbe l'arte? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Perche ella non può <lb></lb>ſoffrire parte che in lei ſia diſutile. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg149"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>La quarta figura ſarebbe dunque inutile. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Al tutto inutile, & che ſia il uero, <lb></lb>ecco. </s> <s>uoleua Galeno che ſi poteſſe fare la quar <lb></lb>ta implicatione de i termini, cioè che il mezo <lb></lb>foſſe predicato nella maggiore, & ſuggetto nel <lb></lb>la minore, come a dire ogni huomo è anima<lb></lb>le, ogni animale è ſuſtanza, adunque ogni huo <lb></lb>mo è ſuſtanza; ma queſta implicatione è di<lb></lb>ſutile, come ſi può uedere, perche ella proua <lb></lb>una coſa, & che ſi sà natur almente, che an <lb></lb>co Ariſtotele ne i predicamenti ha per regola <lb></lb>inſegnato, quando egli dice, che ogni coſa che ſi <lb></lb>predica del predicato, predicaſi parimente <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg150"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>del ſugetto. </s> <s>Onde eſſendo coſa chiarißima che <lb></lb>la ſuſtanza ſi predica dell' animale, & che l'a<lb></lb>nimale ſi predica dall'huomo, non occorre che <lb></lb>ſi uoglia prouare ſe la ſuſtanza ſi predichi del <lb></lb>l'huomo, & per la regola datane da Ariſto-<pb xlink:href="038/01/147.jpg" pagenum="127"></pb>tele, & perche anco eſpreſſamente è coſa chia <lb></lb>ra: perche chi è quello, che non ſappia ſe un <lb></lb>uaſo è capace di tre libre d'acqua, non ne <lb></lb>ſia anche capace d'una, ſarà ben goffo, & <lb></lb>stolto colui, che lo negarà; coſi parimcnte chi <lb></lb>negarà ſe la ſuſtanza ſi predica di tutti gli ani <lb></lb>mali, non ſi predichi anco dell'huomo? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>è ragione aſſai euidente, pure non sò come <lb></lb>Galeno, huomo di grandißimo intelletto, ſi la<lb></lb>ſciaſſe traſportare a taſſare Ariſt. ſenza gran <lb></lb>ragione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Altra certo ragione non fu, <lb></lb>che perche uide che ſi poteua fare queſta quar <lb></lb>ta implicatione, ma non conſiderò poi che era <lb></lb>onninamente ſuperflua. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In uero io <lb></lb>non ueggio luogo da poterlo iſcuſare, anzi mi <lb></lb>pare che ſi potrebbe, per il contrario, taſſare <lb></lb>Ariſtotele, per dir coſi licentioſamente, che <lb></lb>egli habbia piu toſto peccato in ſuperfluità; <lb></lb>perche con una ſola figura, ſenza punto met<lb></lb>terne tre poteua egli iſpedirſene, poi che in <lb></lb>ogni modo le due altre ſi riducono a lei. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi che non ſolo ſi riducono tutte <lb></lb>le altre figure alla prima figura, ma per pa<lb></lb>rere dell'iſteſſo Ariſtotele tutti i ſillogiſmi, co <lb></lb>ſi della prima figura, come della ſeconda, & <lb></lb>terza, ſi riducono al primo della prima, per<lb></lb>cioche, come di gia hauemo detto, la ſecon<lb></lb>da, & terza figura; & quegli della prima <pb xlink:href="038/01/148.jpg" pagenum="128"></pb>figura, che concludono indirettamente ſi ridu <lb></lb>cono à gli quattro primi della prima figura; <lb></lb>& il terzo della prima ſi può conuertire per <lb></lb>la conuerſione dell' impoßibile al ſecondo della <lb></lb>ſeconda figura; & il quarto per la medeſima <lb></lb>conuerſione al primo della ſeconda; i quali poi <lb></lb>ſi conuertono a Celarent, come di gia ui ho <lb></lb>detto; & Celarent è in un certo modo riduci <lb></lb>bile al primo: percioche, eſſendo che egli ha le <lb></lb>ſue propoſitioni negatiue, & Barbara affirma <lb></lb>tiue, & le negatiue non hauendo forza di con <lb></lb>cludere coſa ueruna ſe non per mezo delle af<lb></lb>firmatiue, di qui ſegue che Celarent inſieme <lb></lb>con tutti gli altri ſillogiſmi pigliano tutta la lo <lb></lb>ro forza da Barbara, come dal ſuo principio. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg151"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Ma però con tutto queſto non ſegue che foſſe <lb></lb>baſtato il primo modo della prima figura, per <lb></lb>che ſe bene gli altri ſono riducibili a quello, <lb></lb>& che quello habbia in potenza tutta la for<lb></lb>za de gli altri ſillogiſmi, eſſo non potrebbe pe <lb></lb>rò prouare attualmente tutti queſti queſiti, <lb></lb>che prouano gli altri, & è apunto come nel<lb></lb>le coſe naturali, lequali benche tutti ſi riſol<lb></lb>uino ne i ſuoi principij, non reſta però che non <lb></lb>ſieno neceſſarie; & percio Ariſtotele con pur <lb></lb>gatißimo giuditio poſe tre ſorti di ſillogiſmi, <lb></lb>ne-poteua porne piu, ne meno, altramente, <lb></lb>ſarebbe caduto, ò nel uitio della ſuperfluità, <pb xlink:href="038/01/149.jpg" pagenum="129"></pb>ouero della diminutione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> È da cre <lb></lb>dere che egli ſapendo quanto huomo ſapeſſe <lb></lb>mai, nelle arti, che ne fa ſapere, habbia po<lb></lb>sto ogni cura, & diligenza per fare che eſſe <lb></lb>foſſero compite. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non douemo cre<lb></lb>dere altrimenti. </s> <s>Hora fin qui con quella bre<lb></lb>uità, che apunto ſi conueniua alla noſtra in<lb></lb>tentione, è stato detto de i termini incompleſ<lb></lb>ſi coſi di quegli della prima intentione, come <lb></lb>anco di quegli della ſeconda, & ſi ſono anche <lb></lb>meritamente per capi ſcorſi i termini compleſ<lb></lb>ſi inſieme con le regole loro, alle quali ueden<lb></lb>do ſeguire gli argomenti, che per la uarietà <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg152"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>del mezo di che ſi ſeruono ſono tre, demoſtra <lb></lb>tiuo, topico, & ſofiſtico, per le tre materie <lb></lb>cioè neceſſaria contingente & remota io inſie<lb></lb>me ſcoperſi, che tutti conueniuano nella for<lb></lb>ma, & che erano differenti per riſpetto della <lb></lb>materia, & però fu deliberato di trattare pri<lb></lb>ma della loro figura, lequali trattate nell'iſteſ<lb></lb>ſo modo, che hauemo fatto li termini. </s> <s>Ho<lb></lb>ra ci ſi rappreſenta da conſiderare gli argu<lb></lb>menti in quanto che ſono in appartate mate<lb></lb>rie, & per il uero a douerne ragionare quan <lb></lb>to ſi potrebbe, non le bore, ma i giorni, le <lb></lb>ſettimane, i meſi, & gli anni non baſtarebbo <lb></lb>no. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Potiamo paſſarcene co'l piede <lb></lb>ſecco intorno al ſillogiſmo topico, & il falla-<pb xlink:href="038/01/150.jpg" pagenum="130"></pb>ce, & dilatarne un poco piu intorno alla de<lb></lb>moſtratione, perche ella come principale fu <lb></lb>ancora propoſta. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ben ſapete che co <lb></lb>ſi biſogna fare, però ne baſterà a dire che'l ſil <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg153"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>logiſmo topico è quello, che ne ſerue ſolamente <lb></lb>ad hauere una certa opinione delle coſe, ma <lb></lb>non gia ſcienza, percioche egli ha le ſue pre<lb></lb>meſſe, ò propoſitioni non neceſſarie, & per<lb></lb>ciò non può concludere uera ſcienza, ma una <lb></lb>certa opinione, ò credenza. </s> <s>Il mezo termi<lb></lb>ne di che eſſo topico ſi ſerue, è ſempre acci<lb></lb>dentale, ne mai ſi ſerue della definitione, ò <lb></lb>del genere della coſa, che proua, ouero pro<lb></lb>prio: & a queſta ſorte di argumento ſi ridu<lb></lb>ce l'eſſempio, & l'entimema & indutione. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et come ſi chiama egli propriamen<lb></lb>te? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Induttione della quale immedia <lb></lb>tamente ſi fa poi il ſillogiſmo, che proprijßi<lb></lb>mamente è iſtrumento del Dialettico. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Adunque il Dialettico ſi ſerue di tutti queſti <lb></lb>iſtrumenti, quali per eſſere inducibili al ſillo<lb></lb>giſmo, ſi dice che il ſillogiſmo è iſtrumento <lb></lb>proprijßimo del Dialettico. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Coſi <lb></lb>stà. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Et come ſono riducibili. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Voi ſapete che l'eſſempio non e altro <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg154"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>che uno iſtrumento, co'l quale noi prouiamo <lb></lb>per uia della ſimilitudine uno eſſere nell altro, <lb></lb>come a dire uoglio prouare che Aleſſandro, <pb xlink:href="038/01/151.jpg" pagenum="131"></pb>per eſſere cittadino non deue combattere con<lb></lb>tra la patria, dirò in queſto modo; Coriolano <lb></lb>cittadino di Roma non uolſe combattere con<lb></lb>tra la patria, adunque non deue Aleſſandro <lb></lb>combattere contra eſſa patria. </s> <s>Queſto eſſem<lb></lb>pio ſi riduce alla induttione in queſto modo, <lb></lb>cioè, comincierà da gran numero di quegli cit<lb></lb>tadini, che non uolſero combattere contra la <lb></lb>patria, perche era coſa mal fatta, & da que <lb></lb>sta enumeratione ſe ne fa poi l'uniuerſale, con <lb></lb>che ſi forma il ſillogiſmo probabile, come, <lb></lb>neſſuno cittadino ha mai combattuto contra la <lb></lb>patria, Aleſſandro è cittadino, adunque non <lb></lb>deue combattere contra la patria. </s> <s>la maggio <lb></lb>re ſi proua co'l mezo della induttione, laqua<lb></lb>le è fatta da piu eſſempi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A tal<lb></lb>che ſe l'eſſempio era un ſillogiſmo che procede <lb></lb>ua da un ſingolare a un'altro ſingolare, la in <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg155"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>duttione è un'argumento, che procede da piu <lb></lb>ſingolari, a uno uniuerſale, & il ſillogiſmo <lb></lb>probabile procede da quello uniuerſale proba<lb></lb>bile, al ſingolare. </s> <s>L'entimema credo che ſia <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg156"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uno argumento che habbia ſotto due propoſi<lb></lb>tioni probabili, & è chiamato ſillogiſmo de<lb></lb>troncato, percioche non gli manca altro a eſſe <lb></lb>re ſillogiſmo, che la maggiore, come a dire <lb></lb>Medea è madre, adunque ama il figliuolo. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſto ne baſti hormai alla cognitio-<pb xlink:href="038/01/152.jpg" pagenum="132"></pb>ne del topico ſillogiſmo & auertire che l'Eſſem <lb></lb>pio & indutione ſono iſtrumenti eſperimenta<lb></lb>ti benche gli habbia poſti qui. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se <lb></lb>però ne date le regole da conoſcere le proba<lb></lb>tioni probabili, quali ſono le parti di eſſo ſil<lb></lb>logiſmo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dice Ariſtotele che quel <lb></lb>le ſono prepoſitioni probabili, lequali paiono <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg157"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uere a tutti, ouero alla maggior parte, oue<lb></lb>ro ſolo a tutti gli ſapienti, ouero al piu, oue<lb></lb>ro in numero al manco a piu ſauij, & queſti <lb></lb>ſono i ſegni, con quali ſi puo conoſcere che le <lb></lb>prepoſitioni ſieno probabili, ne ſopra di cio ne <lb></lb>occorre lungo diſcorſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io ui ho in<lb></lb>reſo, però ueniamo al ſillogiſmo ſofiſtico. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il ſillogiſmo ſofiſtico è uno argumen<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg158"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>to, che procede ouero conſta di prepoſitioni, <lb></lb>lequali appaiono uere, & probabili, & tut<lb></lb>tauia ſono falſe, & il ſuo fine (ſecondo che <lb></lb>uogliono alcuni) è l'acquiſtare gloria; ma di<lb></lb>rò io che è l'ignoranza, perche quello che ſi <lb></lb>diletta di uſare tal ſorte di argumento, ſpeſſo <lb></lb>non ſolo inganna gli altri, ma anche ſe steſſo, <lb></lb>& sta ſempre occupato in fallacie; ne mai ſi <lb></lb>dà alla uerità delle coſe. </s> <s>Il ſillogiſmo ſofiſti<lb></lb>co pecca ſempre, ouero in materia però che le <lb></lb>prepoſitioni ſono falſe, ouero peoca in forma, <lb></lb>& la metà, a che mira il ſofiſta è di condur<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg159"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re l'auerſario à qualche inconueniente, per <pb xlink:href="038/01/153.jpg" pagenum="133"></pb>mezo di alcune fallacie, che egli ha, come <lb></lb>con la fallacia della equiuocatione, con quel<lb></lb>la dell'amſibologia, & altre ſimili, lequali <lb></lb>non uoglio narrare, per non eſſere poſcia ca<lb></lb>gione di darui animo, a farui, douentare ſofi<lb></lb>sta. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dirò quello, che Socrate diſſe <lb></lb>a uno che lo haueua ueduto paſſeggiare per il <lb></lb>luogo delle meretrici, di che ſe ne era mara<lb></lb>uigliato, che un Filoſofo di quella ſorte ſi la<lb></lb>ſciaſſe uedere in luoghi coſi dishoneſti. </s> <s>Il So <lb></lb>le, diſſe il dotto uecchio, non ſottintra egli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg160"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>con li ſuoi raggi le immondezze, & le latri<lb></lb>ne, tuttauia egli non riceue macchia di ſorte <lb></lb>ueruna; si riſpoſe quello che ſi era maraui<lb></lb>gliato; coſi parimente fa il ſapiente replicò <lb></lb>Socrate, puo andare douunque gli piace, che <lb></lb>non riceue macchia nell'animo ſuo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Volete dire in uoſtro linguaggio che benche <lb></lb>ſappiate le fallacie, che non le uſate però, <lb></lb>queſto ui concedcrei quando uoi foſte Socrate. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non ſono Socrate, ma ſon bene il <lb></lb>uoſtro Morello. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Con tutto queſto <lb></lb>non mi farete entrare à dire delle fallacie, <lb></lb>perche ſarebbe molto lunga materia. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Dite coſi; & aggiugnete ancor queſto che ne <lb></lb>hauete gia detto tanto, che a queſta materia <lb></lb>non ſi può piu deſiderarui coſa ueruna, & <lb></lb>però ſe io deſidero pure di ſapere ogni coſa <pb xlink:href="038/01/154.jpg" pagenum="134"></pb>perfettamente legga il uoſtro bellißimo libro <lb></lb>de gli elementi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Vi concedo tutto <lb></lb>pur che non ſe ne ragioni. </s> <s>La demoſtratione, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg161"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>come ſapete, nella facultà della Logica, è co<lb></lb>me il fine, percioche in eſſa facultà ſi ricer<lb></lb>ca uno iſtrumento, co l quale ſi poſſa acquiſta <lb></lb>re la ſcienza perfetta, che non è altro che una <lb></lb>intera cognitione della coſa, & haßi queſta <lb></lb>intera cognitione ogni uolta che ſi conoſcerà <lb></lb>eſſa coſa come ella starà. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Cioè <lb></lb>quando ſi conoſcerà l'eſſenza, & proprietà di <lb></lb>quella. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tant'è, & perche le pro<lb></lb>prietà naſcono dalla eſſenza, parimente cono <lb></lb>ſcendoſi l'eſſenza, potranſi conoſcere anche le <lb></lb>proprietà ſudette, & l'eſſenza ſi conoſce co'l <lb></lb>mezo della diffinitione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Naſcerà <lb></lb>adunque ancho la cognitione delle proprietà <lb></lb>dalla diffinitione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Meſſer ſi. </s> <s>Onde <lb></lb>appare manifeſtamente che la diffinitione con<lb></lb>tiene la cognitione delle proprietà in potenza <lb></lb>ſolo, & che la demoſtratione ne la da poi in <lb></lb>atto, cioè ne la propone apertamente innanzi <lb></lb>a gli occhi uſando per mezo la diffinitione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Per tanto la demoſtratione contiene in ſe la <lb></lb>diffinitione, & da lei riceue le proprietà delle <lb></lb>coſe, & percio diciamo noi che eſplicando quel <lb></lb>lo che in potenza nella diffinitione ſi contene<lb></lb>ua ella non è altro che la diffinitione eſplicata, <pb xlink:href="038/01/155.jpg" pagenum="135"></pb>& che contiene in ſe attualmente quello che <lb></lb>conteneua la diffinitione in atto, & in poten<lb></lb>za, & però comparata alla diffinitione è come <lb></lb>è il tutto in riſpetto delle parti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Con queſto bellißimo diſcorſo uolete inferire <lb></lb>che la demoſtratione ha per mezo la diffinitio <lb></lb>ne. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si parlando della demoſtratione <lb></lb>potißima; perche, ſe uoi ui raccordate bene, <lb></lb>di ſopra quando diuidemmo la demoſtratione <lb></lb>nelle ſue ſpecie, dicemmo che eſſendo la demo <lb></lb>stratione uno iſtrumento che ua dalla coſa in<lb></lb>cognita alla conoſciuta, eſſa conoſciuta può eſ<lb></lb>ſere concluſione, ouero premeſſa, & ſe ſia con <lb></lb>cluſione ne naſce la demoſtratione, che riduce <lb></lb>l'buomo all'impoßibile, ſe anco ſia premeſſa <lb></lb>ne naſce la demoſtratione demoſtroſtratiua. <lb></lb></s> <s>Della demoſtratione per l'impoßibile è stato <lb></lb>gia ragionato trattandoſi della forma de i ſillo <lb></lb>giſmi in generale, & quelle medeſime regole <lb></lb>ſeruono a queſta ſpecie di demoſtratione, & <lb></lb>percio me ne <expan abbr="uẽgo">uengo</expan> alla demoſtratione demoſtra <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg162"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tiua, laqual ſi diuide in ſpecie per riſpetto della <lb></lb>coſa naturalmente incognita, che ella dimoſtra, <lb></lb>perche può eſſere ò ſemplice, ò compoſta. </s> <s>della <lb></lb>coſa ſemplice ſi ricerca s'ell'è et che coſa ſia;et <lb></lb>della compoſta ſi ricerca che ſia coſi, & perche <lb></lb>ſia coſi. </s> <s>Quando poi demoſtriamo della ſempli<lb></lb>ce ſe è, et della <expan abbr="cõpoſta">compoſta</expan> che coſa ſia, adoperiamo <pb xlink:href="038/01/156.jpg" pagenum="136"></pb>la demoſtratione, detta, Perche, laquale è quel <lb></lb>ſillogiſmo ch'appartiene al topico, ò dialettico, <lb></lb>come di ſopra habbiamo detto. </s> <s>eſſa non ſi ſerue <lb></lb>mai de mezi neceſſarij conuertibili, et principij <lb></lb>della coſa, ch'ella proua è uero che queſta ſorte <lb></lb>di demoſtratione ſi ſerue alle uolte de gli effi<lb></lb>cienti remotißimi ſecondo alcuni, ma mi piace <lb></lb>rebbe che quando il mezo del ſillogiſmo è la ca <lb></lb>gione rimotißima ſi chiamaſſe demoſtratione <lb></lb>per qual coſa, che i logici latini intendono per <lb></lb>Propter quid, perche ella ua dalla cauſa al<lb></lb>l'effetto, benche ſia remotißimo, & che quel <lb></lb>la ſi chiamaſſe demoſtratione, perche, laqua <lb></lb>le andaſſe da gli effetti alle cauſe. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Mi piace ueramente queſto uoſtro parere, tut <lb></lb>tauia poco importa queſto chiamiſi come ſi <lb></lb>uuole, pur non è da diſtorſi da quello che <lb></lb>han uoluto gli antichi, eſſendo che eglino <lb></lb>l'hanno chiamata coſi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hora ſe ſi ri<lb></lb>cercarà della coſa incognita perche ſia coſi, <lb></lb>biſognarà dimoſtrarla con la demoſtratione, <lb></lb>che ne poſſa dare la cagione, laquale ha il ſuo <lb></lb>andare da principij a gli effetti, & chiamaſi <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg163"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>demoſtratione dal primo all'ultimo, al contra <lb></lb>rio della demoſtratione detta perche, laquale <lb></lb>ua dall'ultimo al primo, & ſe i principij di ta<lb></lb>le demoſtratione ſaranno remoti ne naſcerà <lb></lb>una demoſtratione poco piu perfetta di detta <pb xlink:href="038/01/157.jpg" pagenum="137"></pb>demoſtratione, perche ſe ſaranno anco proßi<lb></lb>mi, ouero che ſaranno formali, conuertibili, <lb></lb>& che inferiranno eſſa coſa, ne naſcerà la de <lb></lb>moſtratione potißima a mio giuditio, ſe bene <lb></lb>uogliono alcuni che ſieno differenti in queſto, <lb></lb>che nella gia detta ſi ſopponga il queſito ſi è, <lb></lb>& che nella potißima ſi proui inſieme dando <lb></lb>la cagione della coſa. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſta è <lb></lb>una ſuttilità di poco momento, però ſeguite <lb></lb>ſenza indugio. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Poſſono eſſere i prin <lb></lb>cipij della demoſtratione che ne dà la cagione <lb></lb>efficienti, cioè che inferiſcono la concluſione <lb></lb>ſolamente, & non eſſere conuertibili, da che <lb></lb>ne naſcerà una demoſtratione, laquale è diffe <lb></lb>rente dalla potißima eſſentialmente, perche <lb></lb>eſſa ha ſolamente i principij, che ſono come <lb></lb>cauſa efficiente, & la potißima ha principij <lb></lb>& che cauſano, & che inſieme, inſieme ſo<lb></lb>no principij di eſſa coſa intrinſeci, & conuer<lb></lb>tibili, & però la potißima ne darà la ſcien<lb></lb>za infallibile, perche ne porgerà la uera ca<lb></lb>gione immediata, & intrinſeca. </s> <s>I cui mezi <lb></lb>ſono la diffinitione, il genere, la differenza & <lb></lb>il proprio. </s> <s>della potißima ſempre è la diffini<lb></lb>tione alla quale ſi conuengono tutte quelle pro <lb></lb>prietà che uuole Ariſtotele conuenirſi a prin<lb></lb>cipij di tale demoſtratione, & de gli altri ſe <lb></lb>ne ſeruono le altre demoſtrationi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="038/01/158.jpg" pagenum="138"></pb>La diffinitione che è mezo della potißima demo <lb></lb>stratione, importa, che ella ſia diffinitione piu <lb></lb>del ſugetto, che del predicato? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> De <lb></lb>ue eſſere diffinitione di amendue, perche ſe i <lb></lb>principij di tale demoſtratione ſono conuertibi <lb></lb>li, & tali principij non eſſendo altro che ſu<lb></lb>getto & predicato, & la diffinitione impli<lb></lb>candoſi & co'l ſugetto, & co'l predicato è ne<lb></lb>ceſſario che conuertendoſi con uno, & eſſen<lb></lb>do ſua diffinitione che ſi conuerta anco con l'al <lb></lb>tro, & che ſia ſua diffinitione, ben è uero che <lb></lb>ſarà ſolamente della paßione diffinitione cauſa <lb></lb>le, & del ſugetto ſarà formale, & cauſale. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et perche non formale della paßio<lb></lb>ne? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Perche ſeguirebbe che la paßio <lb></lb>ne foſſe ſuſtanza, ſe ella haueſſe la diffinitione <lb></lb>formalmente del ſugetto. </s> <s>però diciamo che è <lb></lb>ſolamente cauſale, ò efficiente della paßione, <lb></lb>& del ſugetto formale, & cauſale inſieme, <lb></lb>come in queſto eſſempio. </s> <s>L'animale rationale <lb></lb>mortale è riſibile, l'huomo è animale rationa <lb></lb>le, mortale, adunque è riſibile: ecco che ani <lb></lb>male rationale mortale che è il mezo nella de <lb></lb>moſtratione, è diffinitione formale, & cauſa<lb></lb>le dell'huomo, che è il ſugetto, & del riſibile <lb></lb>che è la paßione è ſolo diffinitione cauſale. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Intorno a queſta prima parte de me<lb></lb>todi altro non deſidero, ſe non che uoi parlia-<pb xlink:href="038/01/159.jpg" pagenum="139"></pb>te un poco piu diffuſamente intorno al modo <lb></lb>del trouare il mezo termine. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Que<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg164"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>sto che mi richiedete ſon per dirui molto uo<lb></lb>lentieri, ma con patto però che ſubito uenia<lb></lb>mo a gli altri metodi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il dire, & <lb></lb>il laſciare di dire stà a uoi, perche non ui ho <lb></lb>richieſto per aſtrignerui alla riſpoſta. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>se uoi non mi aſtrignete, mi aſtrigne almeno <lb></lb>la humanita, & corteſia uoſtra, & però di<lb></lb>co che quando uolete prouare qualche coſa, <lb></lb>prima ui douete accertare ſe la propoſitione, <lb></lb>che uolete prouare è uniuerſale affirmatiua, <lb></lb>ò negatiua, ò particolare negatiua, ò affir<lb></lb>matiua, & ſe ſia uniuerſale affirmatiua cer<lb></lb>cate un termine uniuerſale, che uniuerſalmeu <lb></lb>te ſi predichi del ſugetto, del quale ancora ſi <lb></lb>predichi uniuerſalmente il predicato, come ſe <lb></lb>uolete prouare che l'huomo ſia riſibile piglia<lb></lb>te l'animale rationale. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et ſe uoleſſe <lb></lb>prouare la propoſitione uniuerſale negatiua, <lb></lb>che mezo debbo pigliare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Cercarete <lb></lb>un mezo, ilquale uniuerſalmente di uno ſi pre <lb></lb>dichi, & dall'altro al tutto ſi rimuoua. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et ſe mi occorrerà di prouare la par <lb></lb>ticolare affirmatiua? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Prenderete pa<lb></lb>rimente un termine, del quale l'uno de i ter<lb></lb>mini ſi predichi uniuerſalmente, & che con <lb></lb>l'altro almeno particolarmente conuegna <pb xlink:href="038/01/160.jpg" pagenum="140"></pb>À prouare la particolare negatiua piglieraßi <lb></lb>un mezo che a un termine conuerrà, & al<lb></lb>l'altro. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Importarà egli che queſto <lb></lb>termine conuenga piu ad uno, che all'altro? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non importa, in quanto che non <lb></lb>impediſce a ſillogizare, ma importa bene que <lb></lb>sto riſpetto che uariando i termini uariano le <lb></lb>figure, & i modi, uerbigratia uolete proua<lb></lb>re l'uniuerſale negatiua, ſe pigliate il mezo <lb></lb>termine, ilquale ſi predichi del ſugetto, fare <lb></lb>te il ſillogiſmo ſecondo della prima figura, & <lb></lb>il primo della ſeconda: ma ſe ſi predicarà il <lb></lb>mezo termine del predicato, all'hora farete <lb></lb>il ſillogiſmo ſecondo della ſeconda figura, & <lb></lb>coſi ſimilmente auerrà de gli altri. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Et che mi dirizzerà in trouare queſto mezo <lb></lb>termine. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Vi aiutaranno il metodo <lb></lb>ſolutiuo, il diuiſiuo, & il riſolutiuo, & il <lb></lb>diffinitiuo come uederete. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto uoi <lb></lb>ſapete che il logico ſi ha proueduto di luoghi, <lb></lb>oue poſti ſono i mezi termini, come in un pron <lb></lb>tuario, accioche ad un tratto poſſa darli di ma <lb></lb>no nelle occorenze ſenza molto affaticarſi; de <lb></lb>quali luoghi Ariſtotele ne trattò, ne ſcriſſe <lb></lb>Cicerone, ma piu riſtrettamente di eſſo Ari<lb></lb>stotele, & amendue chiamorono quei trattati <lb></lb>i libri de luoghi, gran numero de moderni pa <lb></lb>rimente ne hanno parlato, tra' quali Ridolfo <pb xlink:href="038/01/161.jpg" pagenum="141"></pb>Agricola tiene il primo grado, pone egli uin<lb></lb>tiquattro luoghi, doue di quale ſi uoglia me<lb></lb>zo termine trouare ſi può. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dichia <lb></lb>rate prima che coſa ſia luogo, poi datemi la <lb></lb>ſua diffinitione, & finalmente la dichiaratio<lb></lb>ne de particolari luoghi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il luogo <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg165"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>non è altro che un ſegno, ouero una ſedia do<lb></lb>ue ſe ne sta il mezo termine, ò argumento che <lb></lb>ne uogliam dire, & il mezo termine è quella <lb></lb>miſura, che noi adoperiamo a far fede di quel <lb></lb>lo che ſi dubita, con che miſurando le due <lb></lb>eſtremità uenimo in cognitione della qualità, <lb></lb>ò inequalità loro, come à dire: uoglio ſapere <lb></lb>ſe ogni huomo è riſibile, me ne uò al luogo che <lb></lb>chiamiamo diffinitione, & me ne prendo queſto <lb></lb>mezo termine, cioè animale rationale morta<lb></lb>le, che è la diffinitione dell'huomo, & prima <lb></lb>lo metto al pari della paßione dicendo, ogni <lb></lb>animale rationale è mortale, e riſibile, & in <lb></lb>queſto ueggio l'equalità che è tra'l mezo ter<lb></lb>mine, & la paßione, però di nuouo repiglio <lb></lb>il mezo termine, & l'applico al ſugetto, cioè <lb></lb>huomo, & dico che ogni huomo è animale ra<lb></lb>tionale mortale, da che uengo poi à conclude <lb></lb>re che ogni huomo è riſibile per la ragione ma <lb></lb>tematica, laquale è che quegli che ſono ugua<lb></lb>li a un terzo tra loro ſono uguali. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Bella dichiaratione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Seguiremo di <pb xlink:href="038/01/162.jpg" pagenum="142"></pb>bene in meglto. </s> <s>Et perche noi hauemo detto <lb></lb>il luogo eſſere diffinitione, & il mezo eſſere <lb></lb>anco diffinitione, non occorre di ſgomentarſi, <lb></lb>che in quanto mezo ſia dimandata diffinitio<lb></lb>ne, & in quanto luogo ancora, però che uoi <lb></lb>ſapete che nelle coſe naturali i luoghi non ſono <lb></lb>diſtinti da i locati, & per lo piu ritengono <lb></lb>il medeſimo nome. </s> <s>Le regole dal mezo ter<lb></lb>mine ſono ſimili a quelle della miſura del mu<lb></lb>ratore, & biſogna che ſia immutabile, che <lb></lb>non ſi poſſa alungare, ouero abbreuiare, de<lb></lb>ue eſſere uguale a quello di che è miſura, & <lb></lb>non ſolo in apparenza deue hauere queſta <lb></lb>proprietà, ma ueramente ſia tale ſecondo la <lb></lb>ſua eſſenza. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In che modo conoſce<lb></lb>remo noi che habbia tutte queſte proprietà? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Conoſcendo prima da quai luoghi na <lb></lb>ſcano, & conoſcendo ſimilmente la ſua eſſen<lb></lb>za inſieme con le regole, & precetti che in<lb></lb>torno a i ſillogiſmi ſono state date, & ſe ſare <lb></lb>mo anco periti delle fallacie, a ciò ſarà mol<lb></lb>to utile. </s> <s>Hor dunque il luogo è la stanza del <lb></lb>mezo termine, co'l quale potemo ſatisfare <lb></lb>ogni queſito, ouero miſurare ogni ſorte di ter <lb></lb>mine. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> I termini ſono eglino infini<lb></lb>ti? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sarebbono ſe l'huomo non haueſ<lb></lb>ſe, (come ha fatto nell'altre coſe) ſottratto <lb></lb>da i particolari certe communità, lequali co-<pb xlink:href="038/01/163.jpg" pagenum="143"></pb>noſciute fanno che ſi conoſcano parimente i <lb></lb>particolari. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Quante ſono queſte <lb></lb>communità? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Sono quattro, genere, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg166"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differenza, diffinitione, proprio, & acciden <lb></lb>te. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come ſono quattro ſe uoi ne po<lb></lb>nete cinque? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Sono cinque in quanto <lb></lb>al numero, ma in quanto all'eſſenza ſono quat <lb></lb>tro, perche noi diremo che i termini, cioè pre <lb></lb>dicati ſono ò ſuſtantiali, ò accdientali: ſe ſu <lb></lb>stantiali, ò ſimplici, ò compoſti, & coſi de <lb></lb>gli accidentali a tal che ſaranno ſolo quattro <lb></lb>membri. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Datene di gratia l'eſſem<lb></lb>pio. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> I predicati ſuſtantiali, & ſem<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg167"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>plici ſono il genere, & la differenza, i com<lb></lb>poſti è la diffinitione, i ſempli accidentali ſono <lb></lb>il proprio & l'accidente, i compoſti ſono le de <lb></lb>ſcrittioni, delle quali non hauemo fatto men<lb></lb>tione, perche altro non ſono che uno aggrega<lb></lb>to di accidenti, & ſi riducono al proprio, per <lb></lb>che parimente ſi conuertono con la ſpecie, co<lb></lb>me è eſſo proprio. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La ſpecie non è <lb></lb>ella predicato? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Ella è in riſpetto de' <lb></lb>particolari, ma perche l'arteſice, & il ſcien<lb></lb>tiſico non deſcendono mai a particolari, ma <lb></lb>tutto quello che prouano, lo prouano della ſpe <lb></lb>cie, per queſto la ſpecie non deue eſſer poſta <lb></lb>tra i predicati. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Adunque ſi ricer<lb></lb>ca di ſapere ſe le predicate, di che hauete det-<pb xlink:href="038/01/164.jpg" pagenum="144"></pb>to ſono predicati di tal ſugetto, ò nò, al che <lb></lb>fare, biſogna hauere molti mezi termini. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Però ſenza indugio ueniamo a i dop<lb></lb>pi. </s> <s>per prima conuiene che i luoghi ſieno piu, <lb></lb>perche anco i mezi termini ſono piu, quantun <lb></lb>que non ſieno infiniti ſe bene le coſe uanno in <lb></lb>infinito, perche, come ho gia detto, da gli <lb></lb>huomim prudenti è stato fatto, che tutte quel <lb></lb>le coſe che conuengono in una medeſima eſſen<lb></lb>za, ò proprietà, ò accidente, ſieno chiama<lb></lb>te dal nome di quella communità, & conoſciu <lb></lb>te anco per mezo di quella, & perciò i luo<lb></lb>ghi, che ſono luoghi non de i particolari, ma <lb></lb>delle communità ſottratte da i particolari ſo<lb></lb>no finite. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et quanti ſono queſti <lb></lb>luoghi? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Io ui ho gia detto che ſono <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg168"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uentiquattro, & la loro diuiſione ſi fa in que <lb></lb>sto modo, cioè, ò ſono luoghi delle coſe in<lb></lb>trinſeche, ouero delle eſtrinſeche. </s> <s>Ma ac<lb></lb>cioche uoi habbiate un modello di tutta la di<lb></lb>uiſione de i luoghi pigliate queſta tauoletta. </s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/165.jpg" pagenum="145"></pb><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg91"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Inſtrumen <lb></lb>ti dichiara <lb></lb>tiui, di <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>te ſorti ſie<lb></lb>no.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg92"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Metodo in <lb></lb>quanti mo <lb></lb>di ſi piglia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg93"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne della <lb></lb>nia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg94"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Metodi <lb></lb>quanti ſie<lb></lb>no.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg95"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Differenza <lb></lb>tra il Meto <lb></lb>do', & gli <lb></lb>ordini.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg96"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Queſiti <gap></gap><lb></lb>la coſa <expan abbr="cõ">con</expan> <lb></lb>accidente, <lb></lb>& di <expan abbr="q̃lla">quella</expan>, <lb></lb>che è ſen<lb></lb>za.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg97"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Accidenti, <lb></lb>di quante <lb></lb>ſorti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg98"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Natura del <lb></lb>ſugetto.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg99"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dimoſtra<lb></lb>tione à che <lb></lb>ſerua.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg100"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dimoſtra<lb></lb>tione quan <lb></lb>te propoſi<lb></lb>tioni hab<lb></lb>bia, & co<lb></lb>me ſi chia<lb></lb>mino.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg101"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dimoſtra<lb></lb>tioni come <lb></lb>ſi uariauo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg102"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Sillogiſ<lb></lb>mo <expan abbr="quã-ti;">qua<lb></lb>ti</expan> termini <lb></lb>riſulti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg103"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Termini <lb></lb>logicali, <lb></lb>quai ſieno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg104"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Voce, che <lb></lb>coſa ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg105"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuiſione <lb></lb>della uoce.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg106"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Voce artifi<lb></lb>ciale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg107"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Voce della <lb></lb>prima <expan abbr="intẽ">intem</expan> <lb></lb>tione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg108"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Voce della <lb></lb>ſeconda in <lb></lb>tentione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg109"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Voci quan <lb></lb>te ſieno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg110"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Vniuerſa<lb></lb>le, qual ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg111"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Genere.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg112"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Differẽza">Differenza</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg113"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Proprio.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg114"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Accidẽte">Accidente</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg115"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Predicatio <lb></lb>ne, in <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ti modi ſi <lb></lb>facci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg116"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Vniuoci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg117"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Denomi<lb></lb>natim.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg118"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuiſione <lb></lb>de dieci <lb></lb><expan abbr="l'redicamẽ">l'redicamen</expan> <lb></lb>1.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg119"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Differenza <lb></lb>tra il predi <lb></lb>camento, <lb></lb>& il predi<lb></lb>cato.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg120"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Oppoſitio <lb></lb>ni di uoci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg121"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Nome, & <lb></lb>Verbo<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg122"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Di quale <lb></lb>ſorte d'ora<lb></lb>tione può <lb></lb>ſeruirſi il <lb></lb>Logico.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg123"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Enũciatio-ne">Enunciatio<lb></lb>ne</expan>, di che <lb></lb>ſia compo <lb></lb>ſta.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg124"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Enũciatio-ne">Enunciatio<lb></lb>ne</expan> come ſi <lb></lb>diuida.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg125"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Enũciatio-ne">Enunciatio<lb></lb>ne</expan> uniuer<lb></lb>ſale. </s> <s>Par<lb></lb>ticolare.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg126"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Indefinita<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg127"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Propoſitio <lb></lb>ne dal pri<lb></lb>mo <expan abbr="adiacẽ">adiacem</expan> <lb></lb>te.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg128"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Del <expan abbr="ſecõ-do">ſecon<lb></lb>do</expan> <expan abbr="adiacẽ-te">adiacen<lb></lb>te</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg129"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Propoſitio <lb></lb>ni de Ineſ<lb></lb>ſe.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg130"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Propoſitio <lb></lb>ni modali.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg131"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Propoſitio <lb></lb>ni hipoteti <lb></lb>ce.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg132"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Oppoſitio <lb></lb>nedi pro<lb></lb>poſitioni.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg133"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Conuerſio <lb></lb>ne di pro<lb></lb>poſitioni.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg134"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Prepoſitio <lb></lb>m neceſſa<lb></lb>rie.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg135"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Sillogiſ<lb></lb>mo che co <lb></lb>ſa ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg136"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Sillogiſ<lb></lb>mo in <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>ti modi ſi <lb></lb>confideri.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg137"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuiſione <lb></lb>del Sillogi <lb></lb>ſmo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg138"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Termini <lb></lb>del Sillogi <lb></lb>ſmo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg139"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſtremità <lb></lb>de' Sillogi <lb></lb>ſmi.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg140"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Figura de' <lb></lb>Sillogiſmi.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg141"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dittioni <lb></lb>della pri<lb></lb>ma, ſecon <lb></lb>da, & ter<lb></lb>za figura <lb></lb>de Sillogi<lb></lb>ſmi.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg142"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſempio <lb></lb>fiſico nella <lb></lb>prima figu <lb></lb>ra.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg143"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſempio <lb></lb>del ſecon<lb></lb>do modo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg144"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſempio <lb></lb>del terzo <lb></lb>modo, & <lb></lb>del quarto.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg145"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Gradi del<lb></lb>la ſeconda <lb></lb>figura.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg146"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Conuerſio <lb></lb>ne per <expan abbr="l'ī-poſsibile">l'in<lb></lb>poſsibile</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg147"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modi del<lb></lb>la terza fi<lb></lb>gura.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg148"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Gli inuen<lb></lb>tori dei ſil <lb></lb>logiſmi <lb></lb>che <expan abbr="īdiret-tamẽte">indiret<lb></lb>tamente</expan> <expan abbr="cõ-cludono">con<lb></lb>cludono</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg149"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Queſta fi<lb></lb>gura de' ſil <lb></lb>logiſmi, co <lb></lb>me ſi poſla <lb></lb>far <expan abbr="ſecõdo">ſecondo</expan> <lb></lb>Galeno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg150"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Quarta fi<lb></lb>gura pche <lb></lb>è uana.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg151"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>perche po <lb></lb>ſe tre ſorti <lb></lb>di ſillogiſ<lb></lb>mi, & non <lb></lb>piu, ne me <lb></lb>no.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg152"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Argomẽti">Argomenti</expan> <lb></lb>di quante <lb></lb>ſorti ſieno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg153"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Sillogiſ<lb></lb>mo Topi<lb></lb>co.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg154"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſempio.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg155"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Induttio<lb></lb>ne, che co <lb></lb>ſa ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg156"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Entime<lb></lb>ma.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg157"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Propoſitio <lb></lb>ni probabi <lb></lb>li.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg158"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Sillogiſmo <lb></lb>Sofiſtico.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg159"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Meta d̨l ſo <lb></lb>fiſta.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg160"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Arguta ri<lb></lb>ſpoſta di <lb></lb>Socrate.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg161"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Demoſtra<lb></lb>tione, & <lb></lb>ſuo uſo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg162"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Demoſtra <lb></lb>tione de<lb></lb>moſtratiua <lb></lb>& ſue ſpe<lb></lb>cie.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg163"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Demoſtra<lb></lb>tione dal <lb></lb>primo al<lb></lb>l'ultimo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg164"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Mezo ter<lb></lb>mine co<lb></lb>me ſi troui<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg165"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Luogo, <lb></lb>che coſa <lb></lb>ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg166"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Communi <lb></lb>tà quante <lb></lb>ſieno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg167"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Predicati <lb></lb>ſuſtantiali, <lb></lb>ſemplici, <lb></lb>& compe<lb></lb>ſti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg168"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Luoghi, et <lb></lb>loro diui<lb></lb>ſione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="caption"> <s>TAVOLA.<lb></lb><figure id="id.038.01.165.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/165/1.jpg"></figure><pb xlink:href="038/01/166.jpg" pagenum="146"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg169"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg169"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dichiara <lb></lb>tione de' <lb></lb>luoghi.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>Q<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>V<emph type="roman"></emph>ESTA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> è la tauola di tutti i luo<lb></lb>ghi, quale hora dichiararemo. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> I luoghi interni non ſono <lb></lb>quegli, i quali talmente ſono nelle coſe incar <lb></lb>nati, che eſſe non poſſono eſſere ſenza di loro? <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sono eßi, & danno anco l'eſſere a eſ<lb></lb>ſa coſa, ne i quali poi uedrete infißi gli eſter<lb></lb>ni, & quegli ſono intorno alla ſuſtanza della <lb></lb>coſa, quali portano a quella in certo modo, <lb></lb>ouero affettione, ma però non ſono ſue parti. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Le cauſe debbono poi eſſere quelle, <lb></lb>che la producono. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si, ma però non <lb></lb>ſono della ſua eſſenza, & le coniugate ſono <lb></lb>quelle, lequali eſſendo eſterne, tuttauia ne<lb></lb>ceſſariamente aggiunte accompagnano la coſa <lb></lb>iſteſſa. </s> <s>Le applicate ſono poi quelle, dalle qua <lb></lb>li la coſa non è fatta, ma riceue però una cer <lb></lb>ta habitudine, & nome da loro. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Gli accidenti credo che ſieno quegli, che non <lb></lb>neceſſariamente ſono attaccati alla coſa. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> eßi ſono. </s> <s>Gli repugnanti potiamo <lb></lb>dire che ſieno quegli che ſcambieuolmente di<lb></lb>ſcacciano l'uno l'altro, ne ſi poſſono patire in <lb></lb>un medeſimo ſuggetto; hor ueniamo a partico <lb></lb>lari luoghi M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ne i luoghi interni, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg170"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& che ſono della ſuſtanza, ui è la diffinitio<lb></lb>ne, che altro non è che una oratione breue, <lb></lb>che chiaramente eſpone che coſa ſia la coſa di <pb xlink:href="038/01/167.jpg" pagenum="147"></pb>che è diffinitione, dando di eſſa il genere pro<lb></lb>prio, & la propria differenza. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Al<lb></lb>la cui cognitione fa biſogno di ſapere, che il ge <lb></lb>nere è una uoce della ſeconda intentione, la<lb></lb>quale ſi predica ſuſtantialmente di molti diffe<lb></lb>renti di ſpecie, & che la ſpecie è quella che ſi <lb></lb>ſuppone al genere, di che eſſo ſi predica, & <lb></lb>che parimente ſi predica di piu differenti di <lb></lb>numero. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La cognitione della diffe<lb></lb>renza a ancora farà alla cognitione della diffini<lb></lb>tione; parlando però della differenza ſuſtan<lb></lb>tiale, laquale fa che una coſa è differente <lb></lb>dall'altra eſſentialmente, & non accidental<lb></lb>mente, perche queſto è ufficio della differenza <lb></lb>accidentale. </s> <s>Le leggi della diffinitione ſono <lb></lb>che dichiari la eſſenza della coſa, che ſia bre <lb></lb>ue, chiara, & che in ſe non contenga parole <lb></lb>oſcure, & ſinalmente che conuenga a tutto <lb></lb>il diffinito, & queſto ne potrà baſtare in quan <lb></lb>to alla intelligenza della diffinitione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Dite pure, che l'è detto aſſai ancora & del ge<lb></lb>nere, & della ſpecie, & differenza inſieme. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come ui pare, che in quanto a me <lb></lb>ſon contentißimo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Il tutto, & le par <lb></lb>ti, & il proprio ſeguono: il proprio è quel<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg171"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>l'accidente, che ſi conuerte con la coſa di che <lb></lb>è proprio, & a lei conuiene ſempre, & a tut <lb></lb>ti quei particolari, che ſono ſotto di eſſa: ne <pb xlink:href="038/01/168.jpg" pagenum="148"></pb>ad altri può conuenire, come fa il riſibile al<lb></lb>l'huomo: il tutto è, come per eſſempio, la ca<lb></lb>ſa; & le parti ſono come le fondamenta, le <lb></lb>parieti, & il tetto. </s> <s>Alle uolte il tutto ſi <lb></lb>piglia per il genere; & le parti per la ſpecie; <lb></lb>quantunque impropriamente: conuengono in<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg172"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſieme il genere, & il tutto; perche ſi come <lb></lb>il genere contiene in ſe la ſpecie, coſi il tutto <lb></lb>contien la parte; ma ſono poi differenti, per<lb></lb>che ſe deue eſſere il genere, è neceſſario che <lb></lb>ſia la ſpecie ma ſe bene è la parte non è il ge<lb></lb>nere: il tutto non può stare ſenza tutte le ſue <lb></lb>parti; il genere può tuttauia ſaluarſi in una <lb></lb>ſpecie ſola. </s> <s>Si diuidono le parti in piu modi; <lb></lb>ouero che ſono ſuſtanze, come è il muro, il <lb></lb>tetto della caſa, ouero che ſono quantità co<lb></lb>me le oncie della bilancia, i numeri della de<lb></lb>cina, ouero che ſono parti uirtualmente, co<lb></lb>me quando diciamo, eßere piu di lume nel ſo <lb></lb>le, che non è nella luna; piu ſapienza in Pla <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg173"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tone che in Ariſtippo. </s> <s>Si diuidono ancora le <lb></lb>parti in neceßarie, & non neceßarie: neceſ<lb></lb>ſarie ſono quelle che coſtituiſcono la coſa in eſ <lb></lb>ſere, come il corpo, & l'anima ſono che co<lb></lb>stituiſcono l'huomo: le parti non neceßarie <lb></lb>ſono quelle, ſenza alcuna delle quali può eſſe <lb></lb>re la coſa, come i piedi, ſenza quali può eſſere <lb></lb>l'huomo. </s> <s>Si diuidono ancora le parti in ho-<pb xlink:href="038/01/169.jpg" pagenum="149"></pb>mogenee (parlando greco) & heterogenee, <lb></lb>cioè ſimilari, & dißimilari: le ſimilari ſono <lb></lb>quelle, che ſeparate del tutto ritengono il no<lb></lb>me del tutto, come ſono le parti dell'acqua: le <lb></lb>dißimilari ſono quelle, che ſeparate non riten <lb></lb>gono il nome del tutto come è nell'huomo la <lb></lb>mano, il braccio, & altre; & qui finiſcono <lb></lb>iluoghi, che ſono nella ſuſtanza. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Scguirò io dunque a quelli che ſono intorno al <lb></lb>la ſuſtanza, & primo ſi offeriſcono i coniu<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg174"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gati, i quali ſono di molte ſorti; & però na<lb></lb>ſcono da una iſteſſa coſa, come giuſto, & giu <lb></lb>stamente, che ſono congiugati dalla giuſtitia, <lb></lb>& da lei naſcono. </s> <s>Ne ſeruiremo di queſti a <lb></lb>conoſcere la coſa, di che ſono coniugati, come <lb></lb>ſe uogliamo ſapere che coſa ſia ſapienza, co'l <lb></lb>mezo della diffinitione de ſapienti potremo ue<lb></lb>nirne in cognitione di quella, coſi dell'anima <lb></lb>co'l mezo della diffinitione dell'animato, & <lb></lb>d'altri. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ai coniugati ſeguono gli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg175"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>adiacenti, ò accidenti che ne uogliam dire, <lb></lb>quali ſono certi modi della coſa, da che eſſa <lb></lb>piglia il nome differente da quello della ſuſtan <lb></lb>za ſua propria, come Catone è detto prudente <lb></lb>dalla prudenza, eſſendo che è chiamato huo<lb></lb>mo dalla ſuſtanza ſua; & per dir meglio, l'ac <lb></lb>cidente è quello, che può eſſere, & non eſſe<lb></lb>re, ſenza che ſi corrompa la ſuſtanza ſua. <pb xlink:href="038/01/170.jpg" pagenum="150"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg176"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Gli accidenti ſi diuidono in molte ma <lb></lb>niere, ouero che ſono compreſi ſotto i ſenſi, <lb></lb>come i colori, gli odori, i ſapori, la durezza, <lb></lb>la tenerezza, & altri: ouero che non ſono <lb></lb>da ſenſi ſentiti, ma dall'intelletto inteſi, come <lb></lb>ogni ſorte di quantità, come è il numero; & <lb></lb>alcune qualità, come è la uirtù della calami<lb></lb>ta con che eſſa tira il ferro. </s> <s>Si diuidono an<lb></lb>cora gli accidenti in innati, & aduentitij, <lb></lb>& innati ſono come la calidità nel fuoco, la <lb></lb>humidità nell'acqua; gli aduentitij ſono come <lb></lb>la calidità nell'acqua, le arti, & le ſcienze <lb></lb>nell'huomo; & de gli aduentitij, ouero che <lb></lb>ſi rimuouono facilmente dal ſugetto, ouero <lb></lb>difficilmente: la roſſezza che per uergogna <lb></lb>uiene nella faccia all'huomo, è di quegli che fa <lb></lb>cilmente ſi rimuouono; le ſcienze, & arti <lb></lb>ſono poi di quegli che ſi rimuouono difficilmen <lb></lb>te. </s> <s>Diuidonſi gli accidenti ancora in pertinen <lb></lb>ti al corpo, & in pertinenti all'animo; & que <lb></lb>gli, che ſi pertengono al corpo, ſono la uelo<lb></lb>cità, la bellezza, & altri; & quegli che ſi <lb></lb>pertengono all'animo, ſono come il creſcere al<lb></lb>l'anima uegetatiua, il moto alla ſenſitiua, al <lb></lb>la intellettiua i uitij, & le uirtù. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>L'atto che immediatamente ſegue gli acciden<lb></lb>ti, è quello che in un certo modo ne affligge, <lb></lb>& eſſercita; & altri de gli atti naſcono da <pb xlink:href="038/01/171.jpg" pagenum="151"></pb>gli accidenti innati, come dal lume del Sole, <lb></lb>lo illuminare: altri naſcono parimente da gli <lb></lb>accidenti aduentitij, come lo ſcriuere, il uer<lb></lb>gognarſi; & ſonoui ancora alcuni de gli atti, <lb></lb>che fanno opera, come l'edificio: alcuni al<lb></lb>tri, che non laſciano dopò ſe opera, come il <lb></lb>paſſeggiare, il ballare: Si diuidono ancora <lb></lb>gli atti; ouero che ſono pertinenti alla gene<lb></lb>ratione, ouero alla corrottione, ouero all au<lb></lb>gumentatione, ouero inuentione, ouero alla <lb></lb>mutatione della qualità, ouero finalmente al<lb></lb>li mutatione del luogo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dirò io del <lb></lb>ſuggetto, per che io uoglio che l'iſpediamo, il<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg177"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>quale è quello che ſi fonda in qualche coſa, co<lb></lb>me è il muro in che ſi fonda il colore, ouero m <lb></lb>torno alquale opera qualche coſa, come intor <lb></lb>no al corpo humano opera la medicina. </s> <s>Al<lb></lb>cuni de'ſuggetti ancora ſono ſugetti de gli acci <lb></lb>denti, come il fuoco della calidità; altri ſono <lb></lb>ſugetti della operatione, come il fuoco è ſoget <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg178"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>to dello ſcaldare, & laſciando le altre diuiſio<lb></lb>ni, annoto ſolo che le ſuſtanze propriamente <lb></lb>ſi chiamano ſugetti. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Le cauſe, del<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg179"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>le quali molto ne ſeruiamo, ſono quelle, che <lb></lb>producono le coſe, & ne ſono di quattro ſorti, <lb></lb>cioe la materiale, laquale non è altro che il <lb></lb>ſugetto di cui ſi genera la coſa, & eſſa è poi <lb></lb>parte della coſa generata. </s> <s>La ſeconda è la <lb></lb>formale, laquale congiugnendoſi con la mate-<pb xlink:href="038/01/172.jpg" pagenum="152"></pb>riale, gli dona l'eſſere. </s> <s>La terza è la efficien <lb></lb>te, che è quella, che muoue la formale, & <lb></lb>diſpone la materiale à comporſi inſieme. </s> <s>La <lb></lb>quarta è la finale, & è quella per cui tutte <lb></lb>le altre operano, & ſpeſſo ſi conuerte con la <lb></lb>formale, come per eſſempio, l'artefice è effi<lb></lb>ciente della caſa, la materia ſono i ſaßi, legni, <lb></lb>& altri; la forma è, che ſia quadrata, & <lb></lb>che habbia tutte quelle parti, che in ſe l'effi<lb></lb>ciente ha conceputo; & il fine è il medeſimo, <lb></lb>cioè che la caſa habbia ottenuta la ſua propria <lb></lb>forma; parlando pero del fine interno, & non <lb></lb>dello ſcopo, perche lo ſcopo mai ſi conuerte <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg180"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>con la forma. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> L'euento è quello, il<lb></lb>quale per la forza delle cauſe, che gia uoi ha <lb></lb>uete raccontate, diuiene; & queſto o uero che <lb></lb>è effetto, o uero effetto, ma deſtinato a qual<lb></lb>che fine: effetto come è il pane del piſtore, la <lb></lb>tela del teßitore; effetto deſtinato è come ſo<lb></lb>no le leggi deſtinate alla pace, & ſimili. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>deueſi auuertire che una medeſima coſa aßi<lb></lb>migliata a diuerſe altre coſe, hora ſarà effi<lb></lb>ciente, hora fine, hora effetto ſemplicemente, <lb></lb>& hora effetto deſtinato. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto no <lb></lb>tare douemo che di un ſolo effetto è una ſola <lb></lb>propria cagione, & per il contrario ancora. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ottime annotationi ſono queſte. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg181"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Hora ne uengono il luogo, & il tempo; & <pb xlink:href="038/01/173.jpg" pagenum="153"></pb>eſſo luogo è come quando noi diciamo Anto<lb></lb>nio egli è in caſa, in piazza, nella città, ò <lb></lb>ſimile, & tre ſono le differenze del luogo, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg182"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>una cioè che ſi piglia dalla ſuſtanza del luo<lb></lb>go, come quando diciamo eſſere un luogo am<lb></lb>plo, o uero stretto, ò alto, ò baſſo. </s> <s>La ſecon <lb></lb>da differenza ſi piglia da quelle coſe, che credo <lb></lb>no il luogo, come è quando noi diciamo che è <lb></lb>luogo marittimo, terreſtre, sterile, abondan<lb></lb>te. </s> <s>La ultima differenza ſi piglia da gli huo <lb></lb>mini, come quando noi diciamo, che è luogo <lb></lb>celebre, ouero ſacro, ò profano per riſpetto <lb></lb>de gli huomini, che tali ſono. </s> <s>Il tempo poi <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg183"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è la miſura del moto de i cieli, & maßime del <lb></lb>Sole, co'l quale miſuriamo la uarietà di tut<lb></lb>te le coſe, & ſi chiama in diuerſi modi; pri<lb></lb>ma della ſua propria eſſenza ſi chiama tempo <lb></lb>preſente, paſſato, futuro, preſto, tardi. </s> <s>dal <lb></lb>la natura prende ancor nome, come giorno, <lb></lb>notte, meſe, anno, tempo di primauera, di <lb></lb>state, autunno, & altri. </s> <s>piglia ancor no<lb></lb>me da gli huomini, come quando noi diciamo <lb></lb>che uno è in tempo di pueritia, di adoleſcen<lb></lb>za, di uirilità, di ſenettù, & di decrepità. <lb></lb></s> <s>Fannoſi altre diuiſioni, che lungo ſarebbe à <lb></lb>numerarle tutte, & però le laſciaremo da una <lb></lb>banda. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sono però inducibili alle <lb></lb>gia dette diuiſioni, & per tanto di eſſe mi con-<pb xlink:href="038/01/174.jpg" pagenum="154"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg184"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tento. </s> <s>Conneßi ſono chiamati quegli, i qua<lb></lb>li non stanno attorno la coſa, come fanno il <lb></lb>luogo, & il tempo, ma paiono che eſtrinſe<lb></lb>camente giacciano in eſſa coſa, come fanno le <lb></lb>ricchezze al ricco, lequali ſono a lui anneſſe, <lb></lb>& da loro ſi prende il nome, quantunque ſie<lb></lb>no ſeparate da quello & queſti conneßi ſono <lb></lb>differenti da gli altri accidenti, da' quali pi<lb></lb>glia il nome la coſa; perche ſe bene muore il <lb></lb>ricco, non muoiono le ricchezze, ma ſe uno è <lb></lb>chiamato roſſo, per la roſſezza, muorendo <lb></lb>eſſo, muore parimente laroſſezza. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg185"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>A conneßi ſeguono i contingenti, i quali pure <lb></lb>ſono accidenti, che toccano la coſa, ma però <lb></lb>con queſta conditione, che eßi poſſono eſſere <lb></lb>ſenza la coſa, & eſſa ſenza loro, come à di<lb></lb>re le ingiurie, gli honori. </s> <s>diuidonſi in molti <lb></lb>modi; ouero che precedono la coſa, come fan <lb></lb>no le ingiurie, la guerra, ouero che accom<lb></lb>pagnano eſſa coſa, come le correrie, le mor<lb></lb>ralità, ſono con eſſa guerra; ouero anco uen <lb></lb>gono dietro alla coſa, come doppo la guerra <lb></lb>naſcono ribellioni, ſeditioni, ſi danno oſtaggi, <lb></lb>ſi fanno patti, & ſi pongono preſidij. </s> <s>A que <lb></lb>ſti contingenti ſegue il nome della coſa, ilquale <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg186"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è det to da Cicerone Etimologia, et è come una <lb></lb>fede della coſa di che è nome, & però alle uol <lb></lb>te ſi adoperano ad argomentare in queſto mo-<pb xlink:href="038/01/175.jpg" pagenum="155"></pb>do. </s> <s>Voi douete dare opera à gli studij hu<lb></lb>mani, perche ſiate humano. </s> <s>è uero che alle <lb></lb>uolte co'l mezo dell'etimologia ſi fanno delle <lb></lb>fallacie, & è un luogo, del quale molto ſe <lb></lb>ne ſerue il ſoſiſta. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> I pronunciati <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg187"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>credo che ſieno quegli, che da alcuni ſono det <lb></lb>ti pronoſtici. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Eßi ſono. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Et queſti ſono ouero di coſe diuine come que<lb></lb>gli, che ſono dalla bocca di Dio, ouero Spiri<lb></lb>to ſanto pronunciati; ouero anco da indouini, <lb></lb>& profeti: altri ſono di coſe humane, come <lb></lb>quegli, che da gli huomini ſenza alcuna iſpi<lb></lb>ratione diuina ſono prodotti. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> I qua<lb></lb>li ſono le laudi, le lettere, i libri, che ſi ſcri <lb></lb>uono i detti de teſtimonij, le ſentenze, la fa<lb></lb>ma, che ſi leua di qualch'uno, & altri ſimi<lb></lb>li. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Alcuni hanno connumerato tra <lb></lb>li pronunciati, li atti, con che ſi iſprime qual <lb></lb>che coſa, come l'atto di Zenone, ilquale in<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg188"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>terrogato in che coſa foſſe differente la dialet<lb></lb>ttca dalla retorica, aperſe una delle mani, & <lb></lb>l'altra strinſe, uolendo inferire con la mano <lb></lb>ſerrata, che la Logica era differente in queſto <lb></lb>dalla Retorica, che ella diceua le coſe stretta<lb></lb>mente, & la retorica diffuſamente, ilche di<lb></lb>moſtrò con la mano aperta. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Chia<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg189"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>miamo quei luogbi comparatione, come quan <lb></lb>do compariamo due coſe à un terzo, & dicia-<pb xlink:href="038/01/176.jpg" pagenum="156"></pb>mo che Niſſo e piu ueloce del uento: quello <lb></lb>che ſi compara è Niſſo, & quello à che è <lb></lb>comparato e il uento, & la comparatione è <lb></lb>la uelocità, & alle uolte nella comparatione <lb></lb>ſi rendono le proprie qualità, & al compara <lb></lb>to, come quando diciamo, ſi come il fulmine <lb></lb>batte gli alti monti, coſi la inuidia cerca di<lb></lb>minuire la fama de gli huomini ſegnalati. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non ſi fa la comparatione in tre <lb></lb>modi? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Si fa. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ouero ſi <lb></lb>ua dal minore al maggiore, come à dire ſe il <lb></lb>nibbio può rapire un pollicino, quanto mag<lb></lb>giormente l'aquila: ouero ſi ua da pari à pa<lb></lb>ri, come ſe è lecito à Catone ſeguire Pompeo, <lb></lb>è parimente lecito à Cicerone; ouero anco ſi <lb></lb>ua dal maggiore al minore, come ſe Anniba<lb></lb>le non ha potuto prendere Roma, tanto meno <lb></lb>la prenderanno i Franceſi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſti <lb></lb>luoghi ſeruono molto al retorico, & ſono di <lb></lb>grandißsima efficacia appreſſo gli oratori. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Sò io queſto, ma il tempo breue non <lb></lb>laſcia che molto diſcorriamo ſopra tal coſa; pe <lb></lb>ro ditemi il modo di trouare la ſimilitudine, <lb></lb>laquale ſegue alla comparatione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg190"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>La ſimilitudine è luogo, da che ſi piglia argu<lb></lb>mento di poco ualore, come uoi ſapete, & <lb></lb>uolendola trouare, biſogna deliberare fra ſe <lb></lb>medeſimi qual coſa ſi uoglia prouare; dipoi <pb xlink:href="038/01/177.jpg" pagenum="157"></pb>uedere gli aggiacenti, & atti di eſſa coſa, & <lb></lb>tutte quelle coſe, che ſi poſſono dire metafori<lb></lb>camente della coſa, che uogliamo prouare, & <lb></lb>è come quando compariamo l'amore al fuoco, <lb></lb>al laccio, al Sole & è ottima comparatione, <lb></lb>perche d'amore metaforicamente tutte queſte <lb></lb>coſe ſono dette. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Veniamo a gli op<lb></lb>poſiti, per condurre hormai al fine ogni coſa. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> gli oppoſiti ſono quegli, che repugna <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg191"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>no l'uno all'altro, ne l'uno ſi predica all'altro; <lb></lb>& di piu non ſi poſſono predicare ambidue di <lb></lb>un terzo medeſimo, & ſono come il bianco, <lb></lb>il negro, & altri. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Gia di queſti ſe <lb></lb>bene io mi raccordo è stato detto & dimoſtra<lb></lb>to che ue ne erano di quattro ſorti; però la<lb></lb>ſciamogli. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Seguono dunque i luoghi <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg192"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>differenti, & ſono quegli, che ſecondo la ſu<lb></lb>stanza non ſono li medeſimi, quali nondime<lb></lb>no ſi riferiſcono à un termine, come l'huomo, <lb></lb>il cauallo, il bue; & queſti non ſono della <lb></lb>medeſima ſuſtanza, ma ſi riferiſcono all'ani<lb></lb>male. </s> <s>ſono altri, che ſi chiamano differenti <lb></lb>non ſecondo la ſuſtanza, ma ſecondo il nume<lb></lb>ro, come Catone, Socrate. </s> <s>altri ſono diffe<lb></lb>renti ſecondo la ſpecie, altri ſecondo il genere. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et per quanto io mi aueggio da que <lb></lb>sto luogo non ſi può hauere argumento che <lb></lb>poſſa prouare coſa ueruna ſe non indirittamen <pb xlink:href="038/01/178.jpg" pagenum="158"></pb>te. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> È uero, & queſti in concluſio<lb></lb>ne ſono iluoghi ſummariamente deſcritti, da' <lb></lb>quali ſi poſſono pigliare argumenti da prouare <lb></lb>ogni coſa, che ſi offeriſca, & i piu potenti, <lb></lb>& che ne danno argumento, che non può er<lb></lb>rare. </s> <s>ſono i primi, de' quali ſe ne ſerue la de <lb></lb>moſtratione, & queſti ſono della ſuſtanza del <lb></lb>la coſa. </s> <s>Gli altri ne danno argumenti, che <lb></lb>probabilmente ne dimoſtrano, & percio dice<lb></lb>uamo che dalla uarietà de i mezi termini ne <lb></lb>naſceua la uarietà de i ſillogiſim, & della co<lb></lb>gnitione ancora. </s> <s>Reſtarebbono à dire molte <lb></lb>altre coſe, lequali tralaſciaremo, & ſe coſi <lb></lb>ui pare alla diffinitione, che è il ſecondo meto <lb></lb>do traſcorreremo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A me non pare <lb></lb>che ui reſtino coſe, che non ſi poſſano ridurre <lb></lb>a quello, che è detto di ſopra; però uenite pu <lb></lb>re alla diffinitione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come ui piace. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg193"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Segue il metodo diffinitiuo adunque, ilquale <lb></lb>fu nel Phedro da Platone molto lodato, ſi co<lb></lb>me riferiſce Galeno nel ſecondo libro de i de<lb></lb>creti d'Hippocrate, & Platone, dimoſtran<lb></lb>do, che la diffinitione è iſtrumento piu neceſſa <lb></lb>rio, & che piu perfettamente ne fa intendere <lb></lb>di ogni altro; perche quando uogliamo cono<lb></lb>ſcere una coſa, non la potiamo conoſcere ſe <lb></lb>non per la notitia della ſua eſſenza, che altro <lb></lb>non è che la forma, & materia di eſſa, & <pb xlink:href="038/01/179.jpg" pagenum="159"></pb>tale cognitione non ſi puo hauere ſenza la dif<lb></lb>finitione (parlando della diffinitione eſſentia<lb></lb>le) ecco dunque di quanta utilità ſia que<lb></lb>sto iſtrumento. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>ORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per il <lb></lb>uero egli piu pare che ſuperi di utilità gli al<lb></lb>tri; perche eſſo ne dà l'eſſenza della coſa, co'l <lb></lb>quale ſi ſcioglie poi ogni ſorte di queſtione, & <lb></lb>è quaſi impoßibile de gli altri iſtrumenti ſer<lb></lb>uirſi, ſenza la diffinitione. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A con<lb></lb>firmatione di quello che uoi dite, per eſſempio <lb></lb>naſce queſta queſtione, ſe il Leone è animale; <lb></lb>ecco che ſe non ſi ſaperà che coſa ſia animale, <lb></lb>non ſi può fciogliere la queſtione; ma ſe lo ſa <lb></lb>premo, ilche non ſi può ſe non co'l mezo della <lb></lb>diffinitione, potraßi uedere ſe le conditioni, <lb></lb>che con la diffinitione ſono state trouate nel<lb></lb>l'animale conuengono al Leone: da che appa<lb></lb>re quanta ſia l'utilita della diffinitione. </s> <s>Per <lb></lb>tanto nelle coſe di ſomma importanza, biſogna <lb></lb>di eſſere molto intenti, & auertiti, & coſi ſa <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg194"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>per douiamo che la coſa, che ſi diffiniſce ſi può <lb></lb>conſiderare in quanto al nome, & in quanto <lb></lb>all'eſſenza: in quanto al nome conoſcer ſi deue <lb></lb>ſe è nome conoſciuto, ò nò: & ſe non ſia co<lb></lb>noſciuto, dobbiamo innanzi che da noi ſi diffi<lb></lb>niſca, fare che ſia conoſciuto, & ſe anco lo <lb></lb>conoſciamo, auertiremo ſe ſia applicato à co<lb></lb>ſa ueruna, o nò, & ſe non è applicato, non <pb xlink:href="038/01/180.jpg" pagenum="160"></pb>occorre che lo diffiniamo: ſe anco è applicato, <lb></lb>& è conoſciuto, per quanto ſi aſpetta à lui lo <lb></lb>potiamo diffinire. </s> <s>Hora intorno alla coſa ſi <lb></lb>deue parimente auertire ſe può eſſere diffinita, <lb></lb>ò nò, & non potendoſi, deueſi tralaſciare; <lb></lb>ſe ſi poſſa, douremo conſiderare ſe è una ſola, <lb></lb>ò piu ſotto un nome ſolo; percioche quante <lb></lb>foſſero le coſe, tante ſarebbono le diffinitioni, <lb></lb>perche la diffinitione eſſentiale ad un tratto <lb></lb>non può ſe non una natura dichiarare, perche <lb></lb>lei non è del nome, ma delle coſe iſteſſe iſtru<lb></lb>mento. </s> <s>Oltra di cio deueſi ancora auertire <lb></lb>alle conditioni della coſa, che ſi diffiniſce, ac<lb></lb>cioche la diffinitione non ſia ſuperflua, & tut <lb></lb>te queſte conſiderationi, auanti che ſi diffini<lb></lb>ſca coſa ueruna deuonſi auertire: da che poi <lb></lb>ne naſcerà una diffinitione perfetta con tutte <lb></lb>le ſue proprietà, cioè ſarà chiara à baſtanza <lb></lb>la natura di quella coſa, di che ſarà diffinitio<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg195"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne, & ſarà anco breue. </s> <s>La diffinitione, ac<lb></lb>cio ſappiate non è altro che iſtrumento metodi <lb></lb>co, quale adoperiamo per uenire dalla coſa <lb></lb>nota, in cognitione della coſa, che ſi diffiniſce, <lb></lb>quale era incognita. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se non m'ingan <lb></lb>no uolete dire che è iſtrumento, quale ſi adope <lb></lb>ra per eſplicare l'eßenza di quella coſa, che <lb></lb>conoſciamo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tant'è; ma douete piu <lb></lb>oltra ſapere, che la diffinitione è quella, che <pb xlink:href="038/01/181.jpg" pagenum="161"></pb>diceuo eßer conoſciuta, laquale in riſpetto del <lb></lb>diffinito, deue ſempre eßere piu chiara, al<lb></lb>tramente non eſplicarebbe la natura del diffini <lb></lb>to, & la diffinitione non è altro che le parti, <lb></lb>che coſti uiſcono la coſa diffinita in eßere; on<lb></lb>de la diffinitione deue hauere il genere, & le <lb></lb>differenze della coſa diffinita, o uero almeno <lb></lb>qualche accidente, che propriamente queſte <lb></lb>riferiſca. </s> <s>Il genere rappreſenta la materia, <lb></lb>& la differenza la forma, che ſono amendue <lb></lb>le parti integranti di eßa coſa; la coſa, che <lb></lb>incognita chiamauo è il diffinito, quale può <lb></lb>eßere incognito quanto al nome, & quanto <lb></lb>etiandio all eßenza. </s> <s>Se adoperiamo queſto <lb></lb>iſtrumento diffinitiuo à dichiarare il nome, <lb></lb>chiameraßi piu toſto deſcrittione, che diffini<lb></lb>tione: ſe anco l'adoperiamo à conoſcere l'eßen<lb></lb>za della coſa, allhora ſarà uera diffinitione. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Di maniera che uerranno à eßere <lb></lb>due ſpecie di diffinitioni una cioè del nome, <lb></lb>& l'altra della coſa. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Voi dite il ue<lb></lb>ro, ma perche alle uolte con una medeſima <lb></lb>diffinitione ſi dimoſtra l'uno, & l'altro, però <lb></lb>ui ſi deue aggiugnere la terza ſpecie, che dif<lb></lb>finitione di mezo ſi chiama, laquale ſi può <lb></lb>riferire in quanto, che dichiara il nome, alla <lb></lb>deſcrittione, & in quanto dichiara l'eßenza <lb></lb>alla diffinitione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ditemi di gratia, <pb xlink:href="038/01/182.jpg" pagenum="162"></pb>in l'una, & l'altra ſorte deuc ſempre la diffi<lb></lb>nitione eſſere piu nota del diffinito? </s> <s>perche <lb></lb>diſſe Ariſtotele nel primo della Fiſtca, che la <lb></lb>diffinitione del circolo è piu incognita che non <lb></lb>è eſſo circolo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Voi ſapete che di qua <lb></lb>lunque coſa ſi poſſono hauere due cognitioni, <lb></lb>una cioè confuſa, che hauemo per la deſcrit<lb></lb>tione, & l'altra diſtinta, che ſerue per la dif<lb></lb>finitione. </s> <s>Onde Ariſtotele comparando la co <lb></lb>gnitione confuſa del circolo alla cognitione eſ<lb></lb>ſentiale, & diſtinta, diſſe, che era il circolo <lb></lb>piu conoſciuto quanto al nome di quello che <lb></lb>era quanto all'eſſenza, che non è altro che la <lb></lb>diffinitione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sarà uero adunque ſem<lb></lb>pre, che il diffinito meno conoſciuto della dif<lb></lb>finitione ſarà in ogni ſorte di cognitione, ſe tra <lb></lb>loro ſaranno comparate; cioè la cognitione <lb></lb>confuſa con la confuſa, & la diſtinta con la <lb></lb>diſtinta, & eſſentiale. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> È quanto ui <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg196"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uoleua hora dir io. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La deſcrittione <lb></lb>è come ſe noi diceßimo la febbre eſſere una fer <lb></lb>ueſcentia (per dir coſi) la diffinitione è come <lb></lb>ſe diceßimo la febbre è una intemperie calda, <lb></lb>& ſecca nel cuore, & quella che è poi chia<lb></lb>mata di mezo, ò mezana, ò media che ne <lb></lb>uogliam dire, è come ſe diceßimo la febbre è <lb></lb>una ferueſcentia del calor naturale nelle parti <lb></lb>ſimilari, nel cuore. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ottimi ſono queſti <pb xlink:href="038/01/183.jpg" pagenum="163"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg197"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>eſſempi, ma laſciamo un poco la diffinitione <lb></lb>nominale, con la media, & alquanto diſcor<lb></lb>riamo intorno l'eſſentiale, laquale (per uſa<lb></lb>rei proprij nomi de gli ſcittori) ouero che è <lb></lb>cauſale, ouero formale: formale è quella, che <lb></lb>ne dichiara l'eſſenza, & forma della coſa, <lb></lb>che diſſiniſce; ma perche ſi può dichiarare <lb></lb>l'eſſenza di qualunque coſa, & ſemplicemen<lb></lb>te ſenza circonſtanza ueruna, & anco con <lb></lb>qualehe additamento, per tanto ne naſcono <lb></lb>due ſpecie di diffinitione, una cioè chiamata <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg198"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>da Logici quidditatiua, & è quella che ſem<lb></lb>plicemente eſpone, & l'altra per additamen<lb></lb>to, nella quidditatiua apunto ſempre ui è il <lb></lb>genere piu proßimo, & le differenze della co <lb></lb>ſa diffinita; però non ſi deue pigliare ogni ſor <lb></lb>te di differenza, ma ſolo le proprie, che ac<lb></lb>compagnano il diffinito. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se le diffe<lb></lb>renze proprie mi foſſero incognite, non patrem <lb></lb>mo conoſcerle? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Sì. </s> <s>ma con gli ac <lb></lb>cidenti della forma, ſe ue ne ſono, & ſe non <lb></lb>ue ne ſono, con quegli della materia; perche <lb></lb>come ben diſſe Ariſtotele piu toſto ſono tra di <lb></lb>loro le coſe differenti per la forma, che per la <lb></lb>materia. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se coſi foſſe potrebbeſi <lb></lb>dunque diffinire le coſe ſolo con la forma, la<lb></lb>ſciando la materia. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi ſi fareh<lb></lb>be errore, perche concorre parimente all'eſ-<pb xlink:href="038/01/184.jpg" pagenum="164"></pb>ſere, & l'eſſenza della coſa materiale, la ma <lb></lb>teria, & la forma; onde ne l'una, ne l'altra <lb></lb>ſola baſtarebbe à dichiarare la natura del dif<lb></lb>finito. </s> <s>però una coſa è ben piu differente dal<lb></lb>l'altra per la forma, che non è per la mate<lb></lb>ria, & però dobbiamo in caſo che le differen<lb></lb>ze proprie mancaſſero, uſare quegli acciden<lb></lb>ti, che dalla forma naſcono, accioche le diffe <lb></lb>renze in queſta diffinitione diſtinguano il diffi<lb></lb>nito da gli altri, & che piu che ſia poßibile <lb></lb>dimoſtrino la ſua eſſenza. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Parmi <lb></lb>adunque che in queſta diffinitione ſia neceſſa<lb></lb>rio che il genere proßimo, & le differenze <lb></lb>ſpecifice ui ſieno, & per cio ſola la ſpecie ſi <lb></lb>poſſa difinire, & non il genere, perche il ge<lb></lb>nere in quanto che è genere, non ha ſopra di <lb></lb>ſe altro genere. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non ſi diffiniſce gia <lb></lb>propriamente ſe non la ſpecie, ma può eſſere <lb></lb>queſta ſpecie ò ſubalterna, ò ſpecialißima; & <lb></lb>ſappiate che egli è difficile à trouare diffinitio<lb></lb>ne quidditatiua, ſi come anco è impoßibile à <lb></lb>trouare le proprie differenze. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hor <lb></lb>da che è coſi di gradeuole laſciamola, & ra<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg199"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>gioniamo della diffinition formale, & per ad<lb></lb>ditamento. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ambidue conuengono <lb></lb>in queſto, che hanno il genere, & la differen <lb></lb>za, ma la quidditatiua ha il genere in luogo <lb></lb>di forma commune, & uniuerſale, & la dif-<pb xlink:href="038/01/185.jpg" pagenum="165"></pb>ferenza in luogo della forma propria. </s> <s>nella <lb></lb>diffinitione per additamento il genere è forma, <lb></lb>& la differenza è in luogo di materia, & con <lb></lb>queſta ſi diffiniſcono gli accidenti maßimamer <lb></lb>te, & ſi diffiniſce anche la ſuſtanza; ma la <lb></lb>diffinitione per additamento della ſuſtanza è <lb></lb>differente da quella de gli accidenti d'una coſa <lb></lb>ſola, come per eſſempio appare; l'anima è at <lb></lb>to, cioè forma del corpo: queſta diffinitione è <lb></lb>della ſuſtanza; il cui genere, & differenza <lb></lb>ſono ſuſtanze parimente, come è il diffinito. <lb></lb></s> <s>Quella dell'accidente è di due nature, impe<lb></lb>roche il genere è accidente, & la differenza <lb></lb>è ſuſtanza, come la febbre è una intemperie <lb></lb>del cuore; ecco il genere che è accidente, & <lb></lb>la differenza che è ſuſtanza. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Tan<lb></lb>to chiara è stata queſta diuiſione della diffini<lb></lb>tione, che da me steſſo hora ſaprei della diffi<lb></lb>nitione cauſale pienamente ragionarne, laqua <lb></lb>le diceuate che è quando nella diffinitione ui è <lb></lb>il genere, che rappreſenta la cauſa efficiente. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ma ditemi di gratia; con queſta diffinitione <lb></lb>poßiamo noi diffinire coſi le ſuſtanze, come gli <lb></lb>accidenti? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Poßiamo benißimo, pe<lb></lb>rò molto piu ue ſeruiamo nel diffinire gli acci <lb></lb>denti, che le ſuſtanze, & qui ſi deue auerti<lb></lb>re che in queſta diffinitione il genere alle uolte <lb></lb>è efficiente dell'accidente, che ſi diffiniſce, & <pb xlink:href="038/01/186.jpg" pagenum="166"></pb>forma immediata della ſuſtanza, & alcuna <lb></lb>uolta il genere à la operatione immediata del <lb></lb>l'efficiente. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come ſarebbe per eſ<lb></lb>ſempio, ſe bene ho inteſo quello che uoi haue<lb></lb>te detto, il riſibile è animale rationale, che è <lb></lb>à dire che la riſibilità e nell'huomo per l'ani<lb></lb>ma rationale; ecco la cauſa efficiente dell'ac<lb></lb>cidente, & ecco la forma della ſuſtanza, che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg200"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è rationabilità. </s> <s>Da Hippocrate poßiamo ha<lb></lb>uere l'eſſempio della diffinitione quando il ge<lb></lb>nere è operatione dell'efficiente, ilquale diffi<lb></lb>niſce la medicina in queſta maniera; la medi<lb></lb>cina è uno aggiugnere, & un minuire, che <lb></lb>ſignifica la medicina eſſere un'arte, laquale le <lb></lb>ua le coſe ſuperflue, & pone le neceſſarie; <lb></lb>ecco che il porre, & il leuare ſono operationi, <lb></lb>lequali ſono nella diffinitione poſte per il gene <lb></lb>re. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Meglio non poteuate dire in ta<lb></lb>le materia, & però non starò io à dirne piu <lb></lb>coſa alcuna. </s> <s>Ne reſta ſolo à conſiderare in <lb></lb>che maniera noi potiamo diſcoprire che una <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg201"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diffinitione ſia cauſale, & non formale; ilche <lb></lb>conoſceremo ſe pigliaremo il genere nella diffi <lb></lb>nitione, & lo riſolueremo inſino à gli ultimi <lb></lb>generi, come per eſſempio poßiamo dire; l'huo <lb></lb>mo è animale rationale mortale; la cui diffi<lb></lb>nitione è formale, perche ha il ſuo genere <lb></lb>proßimo che è animale, ilquale ſe lo rinſol-<pb xlink:href="038/01/187.jpg" pagenum="167"></pb>uiamo, uerremo à trouare che è corpo, & <lb></lb>finalmente ſuſtanza, che tutti ſi predicano ſu <lb></lb>stantialmente dell'huomo. </s> <s>Onde ſi potrà dire <lb></lb>che l'huomo è corpo & ſuſtanza, & cio non <lb></lb>auuerrà nella diffinitione cauſale, perche ſe <lb></lb>noi pigliaremo il genere, & lo riſolueremo, <lb></lb>ſubito ſi ſcuoprirà che quegli principij in che <lb></lb>ſi riſolue, non ſi predicaranno del diffinito ſu<lb></lb>stantialmente, come ſi può uedere per queſto <lb></lb>eſſempio, cioè il riſibile è animale rationale: <lb></lb>il genere in queſta diffinitione è animale, il<lb></lb>quale ſe lo uogliamo riſoluere, lo riſolueremo <lb></lb>in corpo, & ſuſtanza, quali non ſi predicano <lb></lb>del riſibile ſuſtantialmente, & perciò euiden<lb></lb>tißimamente ſi può à un tratto ſcoprire qual <lb></lb>ſia la diffinitione formale, & quale la cauſa<lb></lb>le; ne altro intorno à queſta materia ſono per <lb></lb>dirui, ſe pur uoi non haueſte qualche coſa in <lb></lb>che dubitaſte, ouero ui pareſſe degna da eſſere <lb></lb>conſiderata, & ſe ne hauete ui prego a pro<lb></lb>porla ſenza indugio. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Altro non <lb></lb>mi occorre certo, ne sò con quale maggior di<lb></lb>ligenza ſi haueſſe potuto ragionare della diffi <lb></lb>nitione di quello, che hauete fatto uoi; però, <lb></lb>ſe ui pare coſi, ueniamo alla diuiſione. </s> <s>meto<lb></lb>do ueramente che merita eſſere lodato da un <lb></lb>Platone come egli è, ilquale con tutti gli al<lb></lb>tri della ſua ſetta l'hanno ſommamente com-<pb xlink:href="038/01/188.jpg" pagenum="168"></pb>mendato, che non dubito rno dire che ſenza il <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg202"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>metodo diffinitiuo non ſi poteua conoſcere coſa <lb></lb>alcuna perfettamente, & à propoſito ho let<lb></lb>to parimente nel ſecondo del metodo di Galeno <lb></lb>al quarto capo, che ſenza il metodo diffiniti<lb></lb>uo, neſſuno per bello intelletto che'l ſia, può <lb></lb>entrare per le porte dell'arte medicinale, co<lb></lb>me che ella ſia la chiaue delle arti, & ſcien<lb></lb>ze. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per il uero è di ſomma utilità <lb></lb>all'intelligenza d'ogni ſorte di facolta, però <lb></lb>che ella ne conduce dalla cognitione confuſa al <lb></lb>la diſtinta, come anco Ariſtotele nel quarto <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg203"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>del Cielo, al <emph type="roman"></emph>XXII.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> cap. diſſe, La diui<lb></lb>ſione è un metodo, di cui ci ſeruiamo à cono<lb></lb>ſcere le coſe in parte conoſciute, & in parte <lb></lb>ignote; ne è metodo, che piu difficile ſia sta<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg204"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>to riputato della diuiſione queſto naſce, per<lb></lb>che colui, che diuide, non gli è ſommamente <lb></lb>neceſſario ſaper bene il metodo diuiſiuo, ma <lb></lb>ancor fa di meſtieri, che conoſca la natura, & <lb></lb>eſſenza del genere, che eſſo diuide in ſpecie <lb></lb>per le differenze proprie; al che fare conuie<lb></lb>ne, che ſia inſtrutto nel diffinitiuo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Dite il uero, ſe non altrimenti incorrerebbe <lb></lb>in quelli tre errori, che Galeno pone nel pri<lb></lb>mo delle differenze delle febbri; ouero che tra <lb></lb>la ciarebbe il primo genere, ilquale ſi piglia <lb></lb>dalla ſuſtanza della coſa, che è diuiſa, ouero <pb xlink:href="038/01/189.jpg" pagenum="169"></pb>laſciarebbono le differenze neceſſarie, ouero, <lb></lb>che ne metterebbono d'inutili, & accidentali. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hora accioche habbiamo la uera co<lb></lb>gnitione di queſto metodo coſi raro, & utile, <lb></lb>del quale hora parliamo, ilquale è quello, <lb></lb>che diuide il compoſito in parti eſſentiali, cioè <lb></lb>il genere nelle ſue ſpecie per le differenze op<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg205"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>poſite; ilquale potiamo coſi definire: la Di<lb></lb>uiſione è Metodo, che ſi adopera da uenire per <lb></lb>le differenze note in cognitione delle parti del <lb></lb>la coſa, che diuidiamo, che è à dire delle ſpe<lb></lb>tie del genere partito, & diuiſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Non ui chiederò la dichiaratione di eſſa diui<lb></lb>ſione, poi che da ſe steſſa è chiara; ben deſi<lb></lb>dero di ſapere, accioche eſſa non chiara, ma <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg206"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>chiarißima ſia, che intendete per parti igno<lb></lb>te, ouero per ſpetie, che per mezo delle diffe<lb></lb>renze conoſciamo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> con uno eſſempio <lb></lb>(perche coſi credo, che uogliate) ue lo di<lb></lb>moſtrerò. </s> <s>Proponiamoci di parlar della feb<lb></lb>bre, & che noi non ſappiamo quante ſieno le <lb></lb>ſpetie di eſſa, onde per ſaperlo, ci conuenga <lb></lb>pigliare il metodo diuiſiuo (come fece Galeno <lb></lb>nel libro delle differenze delle febbri) & col <lb></lb>ſuo mezo ſmembrare il genere commune, che <lb></lb>è febbre, ilche non potiamo fare ſenza la co<lb></lb>gnitione della natura di tal genere, talmente, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg207"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>che diremo, che le differenze ſeruono alla di-<pb xlink:href="038/01/190.jpg" pagenum="170"></pb><arrow.to.target n="marg208"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uiſione, perche col mezo loro conoſciamo la <lb></lb>natura del genere, ilquale poi diuidemo; co<lb></lb>me la febbre è una intemperie nel cuore cal<lb></lb>da, & ſecca. </s> <s>Ecco la eſſenza della febbre, <lb></lb>da cui con la diuiſione ueniamo in cognitione <lb></lb>delle tre ſpetie della febbre, lequali trouiamo <lb></lb>in queſta guiſa. </s> <s>Il cuore, che è ſuggetto del <lb></lb>calore, (& è differenza nella diffinitione) è <lb></lb>compoſto di ſpiriti, humori, e parti ſolide. <lb></lb></s> <s>Per tanto, ſe ſarà l'intemperie ne gli ſpiriti, <lb></lb>ſarà una ſpetie di febbre: ſe ſarà ne gli humo <lb></lb>ri, ſarà un'altra ſpetie: ſe nelle parti ſolide, ne <lb></lb>riſultarà un'altra ſpetie, et queſte ſi partono in <lb></lb>altre, inſino à tanto, che ſi uiene, diuidendo <lb></lb>à ſpetie, che in altre partir non ſi poſſono. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et perciò ſono ſpecie ſpecialißime chiamate; <lb></lb>oltra lequali non ſi deue paſſare. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>perche non ſi deue paſſare le ſpecie ſpecialißi<lb></lb>me con la diuiſione? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> perche (ſe ui <lb></lb>raccordate) la diuiſione non ſi fa per ogni <lb></lb>ſorte di differenze, ma ſolo per quelle, che ſo<lb></lb>lamente tra loro ſono oppoſte, & conſtituiſco <lb></lb>no ſpetie: onde, come arriuati ſiamo alle ſpe<lb></lb>cie ſpecialißime, piu non trouiamo, differen<lb></lb>ze oppoſite, che poſſano poi eſſere ſpecie. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>perciò dicea Platone dimoſtrando il progreſſo, <lb></lb>che fa la diuiſione, che la diuiſione deue dal <lb></lb>communißimo genere deſcender per le diffe-<pb xlink:href="038/01/191.jpg" pagenum="171"></pb>renze oppoſite, inſin che ritroua una natura <lb></lb>commune non à ſpecie, ma ad indiuidui, ſen<lb></lb>za hauer con ſeco oppoſitione, laquale ſi pre <lb></lb>dichi di molti indiuidui; come ſe deſcendeßi<lb></lb>mo dalla ſoſtanza alla pianta, al cauallo, al<lb></lb>l'huomo, & ſimili; ſeruando però ſempre, <lb></lb>nel calar, queſto ordine, che il piu uniuerſa<lb></lb>le preceda almeno uniuerſale; altrimcnti cau <lb></lb>ſarebbe errore. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Eſſendoui quattro <lb></lb>ſorti di oppoſitioni, non credo gia, che le dif<lb></lb>ferenze della diuiſione ſi oppongano tra di lo<lb></lb>ro priuatiuamente, ò negatiuamente, ò rela<lb></lb>tiuamente, ma che ſi oppongano piu toſto per <lb></lb>oppoſition contraria. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dite il uero, <lb></lb>che è meglio, che ſi oppongano per tale oppo <lb></lb>ſitione; ma auertite, che alle uolte ſiamo a<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg209"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>stretti di ſeruirne ancor dell'altre oppoſitioni; <lb></lb>della negatiua; come quando non habbiamo <lb></lb>nome da iſprimere l'uno de gli oppoſiti, come <lb></lb>nell'animale intrauiene, ilquale ſi diuide in <lb></lb>queſta maniera, in rationale, & non ratio<lb></lb>nale; & in queſta diuiſione, ſempre ſi deue <lb></lb>anteporre l'affermatione alla negatione; altri<lb></lb>menti non ſi potrebbe intender la negatione, <lb></lb>ſe non precedeſſe l'affermatione; per la mede<lb></lb>ſima neceßità uſiamo alle uolte la oppoſitione <lb></lb>priuatiua, in che ſi deue anteporre l'habito al<lb></lb>la priuatione per il medeſimo riſpetto, che ſi <pb xlink:href="038/01/192.jpg" pagenum="140"></pb>prepone l'affirmatione alla negatione; mai ho <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg210"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ueduto diuiderſi i generi per oppoſitione rela<lb></lb>tiua. </s> <s>La ragione è, perche li relatiui non <lb></lb>ſono differenti ſe non per un certo riſpetto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Hor auuertite, che ſempre la diuiſione ſia bi<lb></lb>membre, perche uno è contrario ſolamente ad <lb></lb>uno. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Mò ſe queſto foſſe, biſogna<lb></lb>rebbe, che non ſi trouaſſe genere, che haueſſe <lb></lb>piu di due ſpetie; tuttauia ſi uede il contra<lb></lb>rio. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> non diſdice che un genere poßi <lb></lb>hauere molte ſpecie, & pur la diuiſione ſia <lb></lb>bimembre. </s> <s>Togliete l'eſſempio dello animale, <lb></lb>ilquale ha ſotto di ſe molte ſpetie, però ſi di<lb></lb>uide in rationale, & non rationale. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>E uero, potete dire quattro parole intorno <lb></lb>alla riſolutione, & poi far fine quando ui pia <lb></lb>ce. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Son per compiacerui, & da <lb></lb>poi che à uoi coſi aggrada, piacerà ancora à <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg211"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>me. </s> <s>però dico, che la riſolutione è parimen<lb></lb>te Metodo, che adoperiamo per uenire in co<lb></lb>gnitione de' principij, dal fine, ò effetto, ò ope<lb></lb>ratione, conoſciuti, come potete uedere in que <lb></lb>sto eſſempio. </s> <s>L'huomo è stato prodotto affi<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg212"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne, che contemplaſſe, & operaſſe; non potea <lb></lb>l'huomo conſeguir queſto fine ſe non hauea li <lb></lb>membri coſi organici, come ſimilari. </s> <s>Le <lb></lb>membra non ſarebbono state, ſe gli humori, <lb></lb>di cui ſi nutriſcono non foßino stati prodotti; <pb xlink:href="038/01/193.jpg" pagenum="141"></pb>però all'huomo ſono state neceſſarie le mem<lb></lb>bra, gli humori, de' quali ſi nutriſce. </s> <s>Il nu <lb></lb>trimento per eſſere di diuerſi membri nutri<lb></lb>mento, fu neceſſario, che diuerſo foſſe però <lb></lb>non potè eſſer fatto d'un'elemento ſolo, on e <lb></lb>fu di quattro elementi, liquali ſono compoſti <lb></lb>della propria forma, & materia. </s> <s>onde per <lb></lb>queſto eſſempio potete uedere, che dalla cogni <lb></lb>tione del fine, ſete col mezo della riſolutione <lb></lb>giunto alla cognitione de' principij, coſi proßi <lb></lb>mi, come rimoti, & rimotißimi. </s> <s>potiamo <lb></lb>ſimilmente riſoluere gli effetti ne' ſuoi princi<lb></lb>pij, & l'operationi ancora, in quel modo, <lb></lb>che habbiamo riſoluto il fine. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg213"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi può ancora da gli indiuidui uenire in cogni<lb></lb>tione d'una commune natura col mezo di que <lb></lb>sta riſolutione? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si può M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Co <lb></lb>me ſarebbe per eſſempio, da diuerſi huomini <lb></lb>uengo alla cognitione della natura rationale, <lb></lb>commune à tutti li particolari huomini, & co <lb></lb>ſi da diuerſe. </s> <s>ſpetie ancora potiamo aſcendere <lb></lb>à una piu commune natura, come dall'huomo, <lb></lb>dal bue, per mezo della riſolutione uenire in <lb></lb>cognitione del genere ſuo, che è animale; dal <lb></lb>l'animale, & altri generi ancora potiamo <lb></lb>aſcendere à piu commune natura; à tal che po<lb></lb>tiamo ſinalmente riſoluendo, ſempre quel che <lb></lb>è meno uniuerſale al piu uniuerſale, inſin tan-<pb xlink:href="038/01/194.jpg" pagenum="174"></pb>to, che ueniamo alla ſoſtanza, & genere, che <lb></lb>ſopra di ſe non ha altro genere. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mol <lb></lb>to bene l'hauete inteſo; & intorno à ciò auuer <lb></lb>tite, che molto piu ui potete ſeruire del meto<lb></lb>do riſolutiuo à ritrouare le coſe, che à trat<lb></lb>tarle; ne accade, che uogliamo numerare le <lb></lb>ſpecie della riſolutione, perche gia dette l'hab <lb></lb>biamo, quando diceuamo, che ſi può riſolue<lb></lb>re il fine conoſciuto ne' ſuoi principij, ouero <lb></lb>altro, che non è fine; & può eſſere, ouero <lb></lb>ſenſato, ouero inſenſato; ſe è ſenſato, ſi riſol <lb></lb>ue in intelligibile, come l'indiuiduo nelle ſpe<lb></lb>cie, & quelle nelli generi; ſe non ſarà ſenſa<lb></lb>to; ouero; ſarà noto per la dimoſtratione; & <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg214"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>queſta ſi chiamerà riſolutione logica, quando <lb></lb>dalla riſolutione della coſa conoſciuta per me<lb></lb>zo della dimoſtratione, ueniamo in cognitione <lb></lb>della coſa incognita; ouero che ſarà conoſciu<lb></lb>ta la coſa, che ſi riſolue per la ſua poſitione. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg215"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>& queſta riſolutione chiameraßi matematica. <lb></lb></s> <s>piglia altri nomi la riſolutione, ſecondo che <lb></lb>ſono diuerſe le coſe, che ſi riſoluano, di quali <lb></lb>ſarebbe lungo à dire. </s> <s>Ne altro ſon per dire <lb></lb>intorno à metodi, gradi di queſta noſtra ſcala; <lb></lb>quali applicati à poggi, ſi puote agiatamente, <lb></lb>& con gli occhi ſerrati per quella caminare. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſto ſi potrà fare, ſe però aggiun <lb></lb>gerete il primo grado, perche io non poſſo fa-<pb xlink:href="038/01/195.jpg" pagenum="175"></pb>re ſi lungo paſſo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hauete ragione, <lb></lb>ma è l'hora breue, però rimettiamo à dimani <lb></lb>queſta opera, laquale in breuißimo tempo <lb></lb>adempiremo. </s> <s>però queſto per hora ui baſti. <lb></lb></s> <s>andiamo per quel ſeruigio, che uoi ſapete. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Andiamo, ma con queſto, che di<lb></lb>mani ſenza fallo ſi metta fine, accio hormai <lb></lb>poßa à mio bell'agio aſcendere, & deſcendere <lb></lb>per la ſiala già tanto da me deſiderata. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non dite altro, che à uoi stà il por<lb></lb>li, & non porli fine. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io non poßo <lb></lb>uenir con uoi, perche mi biſogna eßere col <lb></lb>signor Proſpero Borgarucci. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non <lb></lb>può eßere ſe non qualche coſa honora<lb></lb>ta, perche doue è il Borgarucci, <lb></lb><expan abbr="iuĩ">iuim</expan> è Apolline iui ſono le <lb></lb>Muſe. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per <lb></lb>dire il uero egli <lb></lb>è perſona <lb></lb>ho<lb></lb>norata, & dotta, & di conti<lb></lb>nuo è occupata in qual<lb></lb>che ardua, & no<lb></lb>tabile im<lb></lb>preſa. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg170"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne, che co<lb></lb>ſa ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg171"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Proprio.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg172"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Genere, & <lb></lb>Specie co <lb></lb>me in par<lb></lb>te conuen <lb></lb>gono, & in <lb></lb>parte diffe <lb></lb>riſcano,<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg173"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuione <lb></lb>delle parti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg174"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Cõiugati">Coniugati</expan>, <lb></lb>& loro uſo<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg175"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Adiacenti, <lb></lb>quali ſieno<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg176"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuiſione <lb></lb>de gli acci <lb></lb>denti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg177"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Suggetto, <lb></lb>che coſaſia<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg178"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuiſione <lb></lb>de' ſugget <lb></lb>ti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg179"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Cauſe, <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan> <lb></lb>te ſieno, & <lb></lb>quali.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg180"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Euẽto">Euento</expan>, che <lb></lb>coſa fia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg181"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Luogo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg182"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Differẽze">Differenze</expan> <lb></lb>delluogo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg183"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Tempo, et <lb></lb>ſue diuiſio <lb></lb>ni.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg184"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Conneſsi.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg185"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Centinge<lb></lb>ti, & loro <lb></lb>diuiſione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg186"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Etimolo<lb></lb>gia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg187"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Pronuncia <lb></lb>ti, qual ſie <lb></lb>no.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg188"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Atto di Ze <lb></lb>none.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg189"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Compara<lb></lb>tione co<lb></lb>me ſi facci.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg190"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Similitudi <lb></lb>ne, come ſi <lb></lb>troui.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg191"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Oppoſiti, <lb></lb>quai ſieno.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg192"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Luoghidif <lb></lb>ferenti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg193"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Metodo <lb></lb>diffinitiuo <lb></lb>di quanta <lb></lb>utilità fia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg194"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Diffinitiõ">Diffinition</expan> <lb></lb> nominale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg195"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne, che co<lb></lb>ſa ſia. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg196"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Differenza <lb></lb>tra deſcrit<lb></lb>tione, & <lb></lb>diffinitio<lb></lb>ne. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg197"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne eſſentia <lb></lb>le. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg198"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne quiddi <lb></lb>tatiua. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg199"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne per <expan abbr="ad-ditamẽto">ad<lb></lb>ditamento</expan>. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg200"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Medicina, <lb></lb>come ſi dif <lb></lb>finiſca <expan abbr="ſecõ">ſecom</expan> <lb></lb>do Hippo<lb></lb>crate. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg201"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Come ſi <lb></lb>può cono<lb></lb>ſcere, <expan abbr="quã-do">quan<lb></lb>do</expan> la diffi<lb></lb>nitione ſia <lb></lb>cauſale, & <lb></lb>non forma <lb></lb>le. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg202"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Metodo <lb></lb>diffinitiuo <lb></lb>quanto ſia <lb></lb>neceſlario. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg203"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Diuiſione, <lb></lb>come ſi dif <lb></lb>finiſca da <lb></lb>Ariftotele. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg204"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Diuiſione <lb></lb>perche dif <lb></lb>ficile. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg205"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Altra diffi<lb></lb>nitione del <lb></lb>la Diuiſio<lb></lb>nc. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg206"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Parti igno <lb></lb>te quai ſie<lb></lb>no. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg207"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Le <expan abbr="differẽ-ze">differen<lb></lb>ze</expan>, in qual <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg208"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>modo ſer<lb></lb>uono alla <lb></lb>diuifione. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg209"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb><expan abbr="Quãdo">Quando</expan> ſia <lb></lb>mo neceſ<lb></lb>ſitati a ſer<lb></lb>uirne <expan abbr="del-l'oppoſitiõ">del<lb></lb>l'oppoſitiom</expan> <lb></lb>negatiua. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg210"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Perchei ge <lb></lb>neri non ſi <lb></lb>diuidonop <lb></lb>oppoſition <lb></lb>relatiua. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg211"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Riſolutio<lb></lb>ne, che co <lb></lb>ſa ſia, & a <lb></lb>che ſerua. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg212"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Eſſempio. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg213"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Come da <lb></lb>gli indiui<lb></lb>dui ſi poſta <lb></lb>uenire ï co<lb></lb>gnition di <lb></lb>una natura <lb></lb>commune <lb></lb>col mezo <lb></lb>della riſolu<lb></lb>tione. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg214"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Riſolution <lb></lb>Logica. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg215"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><lb></lb>Riſolution <lb></lb>matemati<lb></lb>ca. <lb></lb><emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>ILFINE DELLA SECONDA <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>SESTIONE.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/196.jpg" pagenum="176"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.196.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/196/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>DELLA SCALA <lb></lb>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb></lb>ET AR TI, <lb></lb>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI,<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>& Filoſofo, Meſſer GREGORIO <lb></lb>MORELLI. <lb></lb>SETTION TERZA.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>NELL A QVALE SITR ATTA <lb></lb>del Iappo, ouero de gli Iſtrumenti <lb></lb>iſperimentatali, cioè. <lb></lb></s> <s>ESSEMPIO, ET INDVTTIONE. <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.196.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/196/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>TOMITANO, MARCANDONE, <lb></lb>ET IL MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>C<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>H<emph type="roman"></emph>E BVONA FORTVNA<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>ui ha condotto qua in queſti cal<lb></lb>di Marcandone Gentile? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Io ſon uenuto da uoi in quel me<lb></lb>deſimo modo, che uiene il ferro alla calamita. <pb xlink:href="038/01/197.jpg" pagenum="177"></pb>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Harei io mai per auentura forza oc<lb></lb>culta di tirar gli huomini? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR. N<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>on <lb></lb>lhauete ſolamente occulta, come hanno la ca <lb></lb>lamita, il legno ſanto, il Reobarbaro, & al <lb></lb>tri ſimili: ma l'hauete paleſe, che tutti la ue, <lb></lb>dono, & ſentono; onde io ſon stato tirato ſi <lb></lb>da una certa proprietà uoſtra occulta, & pa<lb></lb>leſe, come ancor da una certa buona ſorte, & <lb></lb>corteſia, & amoreuolezza del noſtro Morel<lb></lb>lo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A mouere, & tirare un'huo<lb></lb>mo di grauità, non baſtano le forze d'uno, ma <lb></lb>biſogna, che ui ſieno quelle di piu, & di gra <lb></lb>tia, laſciate le burle, chi ui ha condotto qui? <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dirouui. </s> <s>Hieri, eſſendo in pratti<lb></lb>ca con l'Eccellentißimo Aluigi Bellacati, mi <lb></lb>ſcoperſe il Morello, come ui riduceuate inſie<lb></lb>me, & diſcorreuate ſopra alcune bellißime ma <lb></lb>terie, & io ſentendo coſi, come quegli, che ha <lb></lb>ſempre deſiderato di udirui, & dal uoſtro par <lb></lb>lar preſo non meno utilità, che dilettatione, <lb></lb>per l'eloquenza, & bellißime inuentioni, ar<lb></lb>ricchite di dottißime ſentenze, & modi di di <lb></lb>re, mi deliberai di uenirmene con lui. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>di queſto buono animo ui ringratio, & ne pi<lb></lb>glio conſolatione, benche io ſappia, che in me <lb></lb>non ſieno à gran parte di tante uirtù, come ui <lb></lb>aſtringe l'affettione, che mi portate, à darmi, <lb></lb>perche in un certo modo queſta buona impreſ-<pb xlink:href="038/01/198.jpg" pagenum="178"></pb>ſione, che hauete di me, e per portarui utili<lb></lb>tà udendomi, & alle uolte è per arrecar an<lb></lb>cora à me honore; & il Morello ringratio <lb></lb>de i buoni offici, che fa uerſo di me. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>buoni offici feci io ſempre per tutti, ma in que <lb></lb>sto caſo, ſe io ho fatto buono officio, non ſi de <lb></lb>ue attribuire à me, ma piu toſto alla buona <lb></lb>stella uoſtra, & del Marcandone, perche io <lb></lb>dimandato da lui, ſe ſarei dopo deſinare con <lb></lb>l'eccellentißimo Bellacati in prattica, gli diſ<lb></lb>ſi, che non poteua; percioche per due, ò tre <lb></lb>giorni haueua da eſſere ancor con uoi, & egli <lb></lb>mi dimandò à che fare; & io gli dißi il tut<lb></lb>to. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> in dirli il tutto, ſon ſicuro, che <lb></lb>gli metteſte un poco del uoſtro, & Dio uoglia <lb></lb>che non faccia pentire il Marcandone di eſſer <lb></lb>uenuto. </s> <s>Ditemi innanzi che ueniamo al no<lb></lb>stro propoſito, che fa l'sccell. </s> <s>Signor Aluigi <lb></lb>Bellacati? </s> <s>egli deue eſſer continuamente ſul ui <lb></lb>ſitare infermi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Ò che uiſita ò che è <lb></lb>uiſitato, ui prometto, che non gli dan luogo le <lb></lb>tante occupationi di attendere à ſe steſſo. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>à pena ha tempo di mangiare (come ſi ſuol <lb></lb>dire) ma pare, che Iddio gli accreſca di con<lb></lb>tinuo le forze, il ſapere, & l'animo, perche <lb></lb>ſe altrimenti fuſſe, ſarebbe impoßibile, che <lb></lb>poteſſe durare à tante fatiche. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La <lb></lb>ſua buona natura, & il gouerno, che ha nel <lb></lb>reſto del. uiuere, & Iddio principalmente, <pb xlink:href="038/01/199.jpg" pagenum="179"></pb>che à beneficio di tutto l mondo lo conſerua, <lb></lb>fanno che ſi mantiene. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Per il uero è <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg216"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uno de i gran prattici, che habbia mai hauu<lb></lb>ta queſta noſtra età, & uince ogni altro di <lb></lb>queſta profeßione, di humanità, & diligen<lb></lb>za; parti, che tanto conuengono ad un Me<lb></lb>dico, quanto la eſperienza iſteſſa, & ragio<lb></lb>ne inſieme, però tutti ſono tenuti à deſiderar <lb></lb>li lunga uita, & felicità, & uoi in ſpecia<lb></lb>le ſiate tenuti à lodare Iddio, che ui ha <lb></lb>fatto gratia à pratticar con ſua Eccellenza al <lb></lb>la quale douete fare ogni ſorte di honori. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dobbiamo certo, & io per me, non <lb></lb>è coſa, che per lui non faceßi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hor <lb></lb>laſciamo l'eccellentißimo Bellacati, che Iddio <lb></lb>lo conſerui lungamente; & ueniamo al noſtro <lb></lb>propoſito, hauendo dirizzata la Scala delle <lb></lb>scienze, & arti, con i ſuoi gradi ordinata<lb></lb>mente diſpoſti, alla quale non manca ſe non il <lb></lb>Tappo; però hoggi intorno al Tappo parlare<lb></lb>mo, accio poi à noſtro bell'agio la poßiamo <lb></lb>adopcrare; & mi rincreſce, che ancor uoi <lb></lb>non ſiate stato preſente alla fabrica. <emph type="roman"></emph>MAR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Me ne duol certo; ma però ringratio i Cieli, <lb></lb>che mi habbino fatto degno almen di queſto <lb></lb>fine, & per dire il uero del principio, & me<lb></lb>zo ancora, perche il Morello mi ha racconta<lb></lb>to ogni coſa ſuccintamente, onde giudico que-<pb xlink:href="038/01/200.jpg" pagenum="180"></pb>sta uoſtra Scala de i belli iſtrumenti, che ſi <lb></lb>poſſa penſare; però merita che ſia adempiuta. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg217"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Hor alle mani. </s> <s>Il Tappo è adunque <lb></lb>quell iſtrumento, che chiamano gli Autori <lb></lb>eſperimento; ilquale, poi che ſarà formato <lb></lb>da noi, il Marcandone la applicherà alla Sca <lb></lb>la. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non fate diſſegno ſopra di me, <lb></lb>perche ſolo ſon uenuto per aſcoltarui. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Non biſogna, che il parlare, ò il tacere ſia <lb></lb>piu d'uno, che dell'altro; à tutti conuien fa<lb></lb>re la ſua parte. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La parte mia ſarà <lb></lb>il tacere. </s> <s>tuttauia per fare ſecondo le uoſtre <lb></lb>uoglie, io mi traponerò nel modo, che ſaperò. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Sò ben io, che non ſete per manca<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>Diceuamo di ſopra, che tutti gli iſtru<lb></lb>menti pigliano la lor forma dalle coſe, di che <lb></lb>ſono iſtrumenti, però tante ſono le ſpecie de gli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg218"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>iſtrumenti, quante ſono uarie le coſe, che di <lb></lb>quelli ſi ſeruono; alcune coſe ſono di tal na<lb></lb>tura, che di quelli ſi può hauere perfetta co<lb></lb>gnitione; & però naſce una ſorte d'iſtrumen<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg219"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>to perfetto, che è la demoſtratione, & tutti <lb></lb>gli altri metodi, i quali concorrono à dimo<lb></lb>strare tal cognitione; ſono altre coſe, lequa<lb></lb>li non poſſono eſſer conoſciute coſi perfettamen <lb></lb>te, è però non ſi poſſono ſeruire de gli iſtru<lb></lb>menti metodici, maßime della dimoſtratione, <lb></lb>però ne biſogna hauere un'altro iſtrumento, <pb xlink:href="038/01/201.jpg" pagenum="181"></pb>che ne baſti a darne quella tanta cognitione, <lb></lb>che ſi poſſa hauere di quella coſa, che è l'ha<lb></lb>uerne una certa peritia, & queſto iſtrumento <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg220"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>è leſperimentale; ilquale è nella medeſima <lb></lb>forma, che ſono i metodi, ſe non che è di for<lb></lb>ma piu imperfetta. <emph type="roman"></emph>MOR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Quale è la ſua <lb></lb>diffinitione? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> L'Eſperimento è uno iſtru <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg221"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mento, di cui ci ſeruiamo per uenire in cogni<lb></lb>tione d'una coſa incognita totalmente, col me <lb></lb>zo d'una cognita, cioè d una, della quale ne <lb></lb>habbiamo ſolamente peritia, & cognitione <lb></lb>imperfetta, da che poi ne ſegua cognitione me <lb></lb>deſimamente imperfetta della coſa, che era in <lb></lb>cognita. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Talmente, che queſto iſtru <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg222"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>mento è differente da' metodi, perche quelli <lb></lb>ne danno una uera ſcienza, & queſto ſola<lb></lb>mente una peritia. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il bello ſarà ue<lb></lb>der'il modo di far queſto iſtrumento, & l'uſo <lb></lb>inſieme. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Ariſtotele nel ſecondo della <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg223"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Poſteriora, intorno al fine ne inſegna à fabri<lb></lb>carlo; oue dice, che quando uogliamo hauer <lb></lb>peritia di qualche coſa, è neceſſario, che la <lb></lb>rappreſentiamo a ſenſi, di cui ſia eſſa proprio <lb></lb>oggetto; come à dire, che i colori, & figure, <lb></lb>& finalmente tutte le coſe ſplendide le rappre<lb></lb>ſentiamo à gli occhi, à gli orecchi le uoci, al <lb></lb>l'odorato gli odori, al guſto i ſapori, & al <lb></lb>tatto le coſe tangibili, come ogni ſorte di coſa <pb xlink:href="038/01/202.jpg" pagenum="182"></pb>che ha corpo; perche poi che i ſenſi ſentono, <lb></lb>queſti propij oggetti, di ſubito, ſe non ſono im <lb></lb>pediti, riferiſcono la imagine d'eßi oggetti al <lb></lb>ſenſo commune, oue ſe ne fa una ſenſatione, <lb></lb>dopoi riſentito di nouo l'oggetto, lo riporta al <lb></lb>ſenſo commune; oue parimente ſe ne fa un'al<lb></lb>tra ſenſatione; & per le molte ſenſationi da<lb></lb>poi ne naſce una memoria, col mezo della qual <lb></lb>memoria poi rappreſentandoſi a ſenſi un'altra <lb></lb>coſa ſimile à quella, di che ne è fatta la me<lb></lb>moria, la conoſciamo, & nel medeſimo modo <lb></lb>noi conoſciamo dell'altre coſe, che pur ſono <lb></lb>ſimili alle già dette prime; dal che ne naſcono <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg224"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>molte memorie, dalle quali poi l'intelletto ne <lb></lb>caua l'uniuerſale, che è perfetta materia del<lb></lb>li metodici inſtrumenti d'eſſo intelletto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Quel primo atto adunque della ſenſitiua, è <lb></lb>commune à noi, & à gli animali bruti. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> è uero, & non ſolo il primo, ma an <lb></lb>cora il ſecondo è communicato à molti anima<lb></lb>li irrationali, ma però non à tutti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg225"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>Per il primo atto intendete la prima ſenſatio<lb></lb>ne. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et per la ſeconda, & per la me <lb></lb>moria ancora. </s> <s>La ſeconda chiamo poi quella <lb></lb>operatione, che ſi fa dalla memoria, non à <lb></lb>quella coſa, di che ſi ha memoria. </s> <s>ma ad <lb></lb>un'altra ſimile in ſpecie, però differente dinu<lb></lb>mero, & altri accidenti, da che ne naſce poi <pb xlink:href="038/01/203.jpg" pagenum="183"></pb>l'attione dell'intelletto; percioche (come ho <lb></lb>già detto) dalle molte memorie l'intelletto ne <lb></lb>fa l'uniuerſale principio della ſua uera opcra<lb></lb>tione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se la prima ſenſatione è com<lb></lb>mune à noi, & à gli animali bruti, non è du <lb></lb>bio, che non ſia ſolamente attione dell'anima <lb></lb>ſenſitiua. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> è ueramente. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Tuttauia io non sò, eſſendo il diſcorſo ſopra <lb></lb>dell'intelletto ſolamente, come potrà eſſere, che <lb></lb>la ſenſitiua adopri queſto iſtrumento, ilquale <lb></lb>andando da una coſa conoſciuta ad una incogni <lb></lb>ta, uiene ad eſſere diſcorſo, benche ſolamente <lb></lb>ne dia peritia, & non uera cognitione. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Auertite Marcandone) dirò in cio <lb></lb>il parer mio, non ch'io uoglia determinar que <lb></lb>sta queſtione, anzi la laſcio all'Eccellentißi<lb></lb>mo Tomitano) che quello atto della ſenſitiua, <lb></lb>è diſcorſo ſimile à quel dell'intelletto, & non <lb></lb>è quel dell'intelletto. </s> <s>& accioche mi faccia <lb></lb>meglio intendere, douete ſapere, che ui ſono <lb></lb>tre ſorti di diſcorſi; l'uno, che è fatto da gli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg226"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>animali bruti; l'altro dalla ſenſitiua cogitati<lb></lb>ua dell'huomo; & il terzo è dell'intelletto. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il Morello, ſi come dal principio del <lb></lb>parlar della noſtra Scala, egli diſſe, ch'io uo <lb></lb>leua hauer nel parlar mio per guida Ariſtote <lb></lb>le, & Galeno. </s> <s>hora per non far torto al ſuo <lb></lb>Auerroe, qual stima piu d'ogni altro, & <pb xlink:href="038/01/204.jpg" pagenum="184"></pb>meritamente certo, egli lo uuol ſeguire nella <lb></lb>materia de gli iſtrumenti iſperimentali, M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>et che l'affettione, ch'egli porta ad Auerroe <lb></lb>non l'inganni. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> ò il Morello non è coſi <lb></lb>facile da laſciarſi traſportare dalle paßioni. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Vi accordate ambidui à burlarmi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Horsù in pace, finirò quello, ch'io uoleua di <lb></lb>re; dapoi mi fia luogo al riſentirmi. </s> <s>Dico <lb></lb>dunque, che ui ſono tre ſorti di diſcorſi, ſecon<lb></lb>do l'opinion d' Auerroe (da che uolete ch'io lo <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg227"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dica) l'uno de gli animali bruti, ilquale è piu <lb></lb>imperfetto che ui ſia, & non è niuno che lo <lb></lb>poſſa negare; percioche noi uediamo la peco<lb></lb>ra ritrar dal lupo una certa effigie à lei ſpa<lb></lb>uenteuole, per laquale ogni uolta, che ſente <lb></lb>annonciare il lupo, ſpauentaſi, e fugge; ec<lb></lb>co che da una coſa nota diuiene in cognitione <lb></lb>d'una ignota, che è diſcorrere; però ſe mi fuſſe <lb></lb>dimandato che diſcorſo ſia queſto, io direi principio<lb></lb>ma, che fuſſe un certo inſtinto naturale, che <lb></lb>han tutte le coſe di conoſcere il ſuo contrario, <lb></lb>& di fuggirlo; & che queſto tal diſcorſo è an<lb></lb>cora in un certo modo nelle piante, & ne gli <lb></lb>altri miſti, & inſino ne i corpi ſemplici, & fi<lb></lb>nalmente nella materia prima, laquale diceua <lb></lb>Ariſtotele, che deſidera la forma, come fa la <lb></lb>femina il maſchio; & che fugge la priuatio<lb></lb>ne. queſto deſiderare & fuggire, pare che ſup-<pb xlink:href="038/01/205.jpg" pagenum="185"></pb>ponga in un certo modo non ſo che di lume del <lb></lb>la coſa che è deſiderata. </s> <s>& direi, che oltra <lb></lb>che è iſtinto naturale, che haueſſero ancor al <lb></lb>tre qualità, però che l'animale quel che fug<lb></lb>ge, lo conoſce di tal figura, & in ſe ne pren <lb></lb>de il ritratto; coſa che non fanno le piante.on <lb></lb>de uoglio dire, che pigliando il diſcorſo in <lb></lb>quella latitudine, che può eſſer preſo, che non <lb></lb>ſolamente è ne gli animali, ma nelle piante, <lb></lb>& altri; dico bene che ſe pigliaremo il diſcor <lb></lb>ſo in queſto ſenſo, in quanto che manifeſtamen <lb></lb>te ſiano le parti di eſſo conoſciute, cioè, che <lb></lb>colui, che fa il diſcorſo conoſca prima la coſa, <lb></lb>per il cui mezo dapoi conoſca l'altra; dico, <lb></lb>che ſi eſtenderà il diſcorſo ſolamente nell'huo<lb></lb>ſmo, & in alcuni animali; & queſto diſcorſo <lb></lb>arà tripartito, come ho gia detto, cioè im<lb></lb>perfetto, manco perfetto, & perfetto. </s> <s>Lim<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg228"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perfetto ſarà quello de gli animali bruti, come <lb></lb>della pecora, dal cane, & altri ſimili: i qua <lb></lb>li, quantunque dalla coſa materiale ne faccia <lb></lb>no in un certo modo una imagine immateriale, <lb></lb>per mezo della quale, conoſcano poi le coſe, <lb></lb>che gli rappreſenta eſſa imagine; nondimeno <lb></lb>perche non la conoſcano intieramente, ma ſo<lb></lb>lo in quanto che ella è buona ò cattiua à ſe me <lb></lb>deſimi, & che è di tal figura, dico, che co<lb></lb>noſcono imperfettißimamente. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Fin <pb xlink:href="038/01/206.jpg" pagenum="186"></pb>quì il Morello non ſi è ſcoſtato punto dal ſuo <lb></lb>Auerroe. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sarebbe meglio, che ſi <lb></lb>diſcoſtaſſe, hauendo giurato (come ſi ſuol dire) <lb></lb>nelle parole del maeſtro ſuo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non <lb></lb>diſcoſtandomi da lui, non poſſo ſe non ſeguire <lb></lb>la uerità. </s> <s>Hor il diſcorſo che fa la ſenſitiua <lb></lb>dell'huomo, è manco imperfetto; percioche non <lb></lb>ſolo eſſa conoſcei particolari inquanto che ſo<lb></lb>no buoni ò cattiui all'huomo, & in quanto ſo <lb></lb>no di tal figura, & riceue la loro effigie in<lb></lb>trinſecamente, ma inquanto ſono tali, & in<lb></lb>ſieme conoſcono tutte le differenze indiuidua<lb></lb>li, che ſono tra l'uno, & l'altro, coſa che <lb></lb>non fanno li bruti, & perche queſta uirtù ſen <lb></lb>ſitiua è come diceua Ariſtotele nel ſecondo <lb></lb>dell' Anima, diuiſa dal ſenſo, & intelletto; in <lb></lb>di auiene ancora, che la ſua attione è pari<lb></lb>mente diuiſa da quella dell'intelletto, & ſenſo <lb></lb>ancora, nè per ſe steſſa è uniforme in tutti <lb></lb>gli animali; come ben diſſe Themiſtio eſponen <lb></lb>do il decimoquinto teſto nel ſecondo dell'ani<lb></lb>ma, oue dice Ariſtotele, che non in tutti gli <lb></lb>animali è l'imaginatione, diſſe, che Ariſtote <lb></lb>le intendeua ſolamente della imaginatione per <lb></lb>fetta & terminata; & nel medeſmo luoco <lb></lb>Auerroe eſſendo della medeſima opinione di<lb></lb>ce, che le Api, & Formiche, hanno la imagi <lb></lb>natiua, onde di parere d' Ariſtotele uoſtro, & <pb xlink:href="038/01/207.jpg" pagenum="187"></pb>ancor d'Auerroe, & Temiſtio, è manifeſta <lb></lb>queſta diuiſione del diſcorrere. </s> <s>& percio uoi <lb></lb>potete uedere in che modo potiamo dire, & <lb></lb>che gli animali irrationali diſcorrino, & pa<lb></lb>rimente la ſenſitiua nell'huomo, & l'intellet<lb></lb>to ancora. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Acciò ſia leuata ognioc <lb></lb>caſione à uoi Marcandone di uenire à diſpute, <lb></lb>io, in confermatione di quello, che ha detto <lb></lb>il Morello, uoglio che pigliate queſta materia <lb></lb>piu per l'ordine. </s> <s>Biſogna che ſappiate, che <lb></lb>ogni ſorte di conoſcere, & diſcorrere naſce <lb></lb>dall'anima; et però conuien ſapere che coſa ſia <lb></lb>eſſa anima, & le ſue parti, & uirtù; però <lb></lb>in uia de' Filoſofi, l'anima (come ſapete) è <lb></lb>diffinita da Ariſtotele in due modi, cioè che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg229"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>e il primo atto del corpo naturale organiza<lb></lb>to, & ricco, & in un'altro luoco dice, che <lb></lb>l'anima è un principio di uiuere, & cauſa del <lb></lb>corpo. </s> <s>Non starò à dichiararui eſſe diffini<lb></lb>tioni, perche ciaſcun di uoi già per auanti le <lb></lb>ſanno. </s> <s>Tre ſono le ſpecie dell'anima, perche <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg230"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>alle uolte uediamo, che l'anima dà l'eſſere ma <lb></lb>teriale ſolamente, dal quale quello è anima<lb></lb>to, e ſolamente quello che è, & altro non fa <lb></lb>per ſimilitudine, che riceua in ſe steſſo, per<lb></lb>che eſſo non conoſce; & queſti tali uiuenti ſo<lb></lb>no le piante, lequali ſono informate dall'ani<lb></lb>ma uegetatiua. </s> <s>Alcuni altri uiuenti non ſo-<pb xlink:href="038/01/208.jpg" pagenum="188"></pb>lo ſono come le piante animati, ma in ſe steßi <lb></lb>riceuono ſimilitudine dell'altre coſe; partico<lb></lb>larmente però. </s> <s>& queſti ſono gli animali bru <lb></lb>ti, i quali per li ſenſi mediante l'anima ſenſi<lb></lb>tiua riceuono delli particolari ſimilitudine. <lb></lb></s> <s>La terza ſpecie dell'anima è quella, che fa, <lb></lb>che colui, che è di eſſa informato, riceua in <lb></lb>ſe steſſo le coſe uniuerſalmente; & queſta è <lb></lb>l'anima intellettiua, che è la forma dell'huo<lb></lb>mo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Adunque ui ſono tre ſorti d'ani <lb></lb>ma, lequali (come ſi può intendere dalle uo<lb></lb>strc parole) ſi poſſono ſeparare l'una dall'al<lb></lb>tra; perche la uegetatiua è nelle piante ſenza <lb></lb>le altre; la ſenſitiua parimente ne gli anima<lb></lb>li bruti, ſenza l'intellettiua; & la intelletti<lb></lb>ua finalmente nell'huomo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La ſenſi <lb></lb>tiua, & uegetatiua poſſono ſtare ſenza la intel <lb></lb>lettiua; la intellettiua però non può stare ſen <lb></lb>za le altre; & però nell'huomo ſi ritrouano <lb></lb>queſte tre ſorti d'anime; tuttauia non debbia<lb></lb>mo dire, che habbia tre forme; percioche le <lb></lb>prime due ſono come preparationi alla intellet <lb></lb>tiua. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Voi dite il uero Morello, ma <lb></lb>laſciate ch'io dica quel ch'io ho da dire, & <lb></lb>dapoi ſe hauerete qualche coſa ancor uoi dire<lb></lb>te, che ui fia conceſſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dicete, che <lb></lb>piu non u'interromperò. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> eſſendo, <lb></lb>come ho già detto, tre ſorti d'anima, ſegue <pb xlink:href="038/01/209.jpg" pagenum="189"></pb>che ſieno parimente tre ſpecie d'animali; ma <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg231"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>perche l'anima ſenſitiua ſi diuide in due parti, <lb></lb>in alcuni ſpirituali ſi uede, che ſolo gli da il <lb></lb>ſenſo, in alcuni il ſenſo col moto da luoco à luo <lb></lb>co; inſieme diremo, che ui ſono quattro gra<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg232"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>di di uiuenti, il uegetatiuo, il ſenſitiuo, il <lb></lb>motiuo, & il quarto l'intellettiuo, a' quali <lb></lb>aggiungeremo il quinto, perche ſegue ſempre <lb></lb>l'appetito il ſenſitiuo, & il motiuo. </s> <s>Et però <lb></lb>le principali potenze dell anima ſono cinque, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg233"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>cioè potenza uegetatiua, ſenſitiua, motiua, <lb></lb>appetitiua & intellettiua, quale à douer tro<lb></lb>uare aſſolutamente queſta natura, biſognareb<lb></lb>be conſiderar tutte queſte potenze, & gli <lb></lb>obietti à loro, ma non è proprio luoco; però <lb></lb>dirò ſolo quel tanto, che ne fa biſogno ad in<lb></lb>tendere quel che fa à propoſito noſtro. </s> <s>L'ani <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg234"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ma uegetale laquale ſi ritroua in qualunque <lb></lb>ſorte d'animale, ha tre potenze, & tre attio <lb></lb>ni, cioè di nutrire, augumentare, & gene<lb></lb>rare. </s> <s>La ſenſitiua, della quale maßimamen <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg235"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>te parlar dobbiamo, ne ha due, una interna, <lb></lb>& l'altra eſterna. </s> <s>La potenza eſteriore ſi <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg236"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuide ne i cinque ſenſi, i quali toſto che gli <lb></lb>ſiano rappreſentati i ſuoi proprij oggetti, ſu<lb></lb>bito gli ſentono, ſe non ſono da qualche cagio <lb></lb>ne impediti; mentre però che tali oggetti ſono <lb></lb>preſenti, & eßi non conoſcono le differenze de <pb xlink:href="038/01/210.jpg" pagenum="190"></pb>gli oggetti, perche biſognarebbe, che uerbi<lb></lb>gratia, ſe il uiſo doueſſe conoſcere la differen<lb></lb>za, che è tra il bianco, & il dolce, che cono <lb></lb>ſceſſe ambidui; ilche è impoßibile, perche il <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg237"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dolce non è ſuo oggetto, ma la potenza inte<lb></lb>riore, laquale è diuiſa in quattro potenze, co <lb></lb>me uederemo, conoſce gli oggetti preſenti, & <lb></lb>le loro differenze indiuiduali, però la prima <lb></lb>è una ſola potenza, laquale in ſe raccoglie <lb></lb>tutte le imagini di tutti gli oggetti de' cinque <lb></lb>ſenſi, & gli conoſce inſieme con le loro diffe<lb></lb>renze; & queſto è il ſenſo commune, oltra <lb></lb>queſto ſenſo commune è neceſſario porre un'al <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg238"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tra uertù & è quella, che Auerroe chiamò <lb></lb>imaginatiua, & li Grcci Fantaſia. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Perche e neceſſario à porla? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Perche <lb></lb>à gli animali perfetti conuiene non ſolamente <lb></lb>apprendere le coſe preſenti, ma ancora eſſen <lb></lb>do aſſenti; altrimenti non ſi mouerebbono mai <lb></lb>à cercare coſa ueruna aſſente; al che fare non <lb></lb>ſolo è neceſſario, che l'animale riceua le ſpecie <lb></lb>delle coſe ſenſibili, ma che le conſerui. </s> <s>onde <lb></lb>è neceſſario porre due uertù, una, che pigli, <lb></lb>& l'altra conſerui eſſe ſpecie. </s> <s>il ſenſo commu <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg239"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne è quello, che riceue le ſpecie ſenſate. </s> <s>quel <lb></lb>la che li conſerua poi è la Fantaſia, ouero <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg240"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>imaginatiua; laqual uertù nell'huomo compo<lb></lb>ne una coſa con l'altra, come l'oro con un mon-<pb xlink:href="038/01/211.jpg" pagenum="191"></pb>te, & dimoſtra quaſi un monte d'oro, laqual <lb></lb>compoſitione non coſi appare ne gli altri ani<lb></lb>mali. </s> <s>Oltra queſte potenze della ſenſitiua, fa <lb></lb>di meſtieri, che poniamo delle altre, cioè la <lb></lb>eſtimatiua ne gli bruti, & la cogitatiua ne gli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg241"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>huomini, accioche cerchino alcune coſe, & <lb></lb>fugghino altre, non per allettare, ouero non <lb></lb>nuocere al ſenſo, ma per altri commodi tali, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg242"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ouero incommodi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et che differen<lb></lb>za fate uoi tra la eſtimatiua, & la cogitati<lb></lb>ua. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La eſtimatiua apprende le inten <lb></lb>tioni non ſenſate, per un certo inſtinto natura <lb></lb>le, & in queſta guiſa gli animali bruti appren <lb></lb>dono, ma l'huomo conoſce l'intentioni di que<lb></lb>ſta ſorte per la cogitatiua, come per una cer<lb></lb>ta collatione, perche partecipa in un certo mo <lb></lb>do del lume dell'iutelletto, & oltra queſte po<lb></lb>tenze, è neceſſario porre un'altra, cioè la me <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg243"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>moratiua, perche ſi come alla conſeruatione <lb></lb>delle ſpecie ſenſate, è neceſſario porre la Fan <lb></lb>taſia, coſi parimente è neceſſario porre un'al <lb></lb>tra uertù, che conſerui l'intentioni non ſen<lb></lb>ſate. </s> <s>& che queſto ſia il uero, lo uediamo <lb></lb>eſpreßißimamente, perche noi uediamo, che'l <lb></lb>principio del raccordarſi è in eßi animali, per <lb></lb>qualche intentione di queſta ſorte, cioè dalla <lb></lb>rappreſentatione, che ſe li fa d'una coſa noci<lb></lb>ua, ouero diletteuole, che ſi ſia ſtata per inan-<pb xlink:href="038/01/212.jpg" pagenum="192"></pb>zi. </s> <s>Non uediamo noi il cane, quando riuede <lb></lb>uno, che gli habbia dato, ouero minacciato, <lb></lb>fuggirſene, & oltra il uedere imaginarſi, per <lb></lb>laquale imaginatione fugge quello come ſuo ni <lb></lb>mico? </s> <s>Per tanto e neceſſario, che diciamo ne <lb></lb>gli animali bruti eſſere la memoria, laquale <lb></lb>però è piu imperfetta di quella dell'huomo; <lb></lb>perche ancor la ſua cogitatiua è men perfet<lb></lb>ta. </s> <s>Queſte ſono adunque le potenze dell'ani<lb></lb>ma ſenſitiua, lequali concorrono à far quel <lb></lb>diſcorſo, che diceuamo dare all'huomo non <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg244"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſcientia, ma peritia. </s> <s>Le altre potenze dell'a<lb></lb>nima trapaſſo; però dico, che i ſenſi ſentono <lb></lb>i ſuoi oggetti preſenti. </s> <s>Il ſenſo commune ap<lb></lb>prende tutte le ſenſationi, con le loro differen <lb></lb>ze. </s> <s>Le ſenſationi poi ſono ſeruate dalla Fan<lb></lb>taſia, ouero imaginatiua. </s> <s>Et perche oltra <lb></lb>che biſogna, che apprenda le ſenſationi dalli <lb></lb>ſenſi eſteriori, fa ancor di meſtieri, che ap<lb></lb>prenda l'amicitia, & l'odio, & altre inten<lb></lb>tioni, che non ſi ſanno per mezo de' ſenſi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Biſogna porre la terza potenza, cioè l'eſtima <lb></lb>tiua ne i bruti, & cogitatiua nellhuomo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Douendoſi poi ſeruar tali intentioni, è stato <lb></lb>neceſſario porre la memoria. </s> <s>Onde è manife<lb></lb>sto in che modo ſi faccia il diſcorſo nella ſenſi<lb></lb>tiua, perche da una ſenſatione fatta nella Fan <lb></lb>taſia, ſi può uenire in cognitione d'un partico-<pb xlink:href="038/01/213.jpg" pagenum="193"></pb>lare; & da quello ad un'altro, inſin tanto, <lb></lb>che ſi fa l'habito uniuerſal, come appreſſo gli <lb></lb>medici, i quali hanno oſſeruato in uno pri<lb></lb>ma, & poi in dui, che l'agarico purga la <lb></lb>pituita, & poi che ne laſcino fare molte oſſer <lb></lb>uationi, & memorie, ne fanno un uniuerſa<lb></lb>le, che è, l'agarico purga la pituita, & da che <lb></lb>ſiamo uenuti à parlar de i medici ſaper dobia <lb></lb>mo, che gli compoſiti ſi contentano di hauer <lb></lb>ſolamente le ſenſationi: & le memorie, ſen<lb></lb>za piu oltra diſcorrere. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come fan <lb></lb>no nel trar del ſangue, hanno oſſeruato in uno <lb></lb>ouero in dui, che la febre ardente è ſcacciata <lb></lb>dalla ſetion della uena inſin alla ſincope, & pe <lb></lb>rò ſenza conſiderar il tempo, l'età, del Ama<lb></lb>lato, le forze, & tutte l'altre conditioni, che <lb></lb>un medico rationale conſidera, tagliar anno la <lb></lb>uena ſenza diſtintione nella febre ardente. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> ma il medico rationale, piu oltra paſſan <lb></lb>do con l'intelletto, inanzi che uenga à tagliar <lb></lb>la uena uorrà uedere, ſe ſi confrontano le eſpe <lb></lb>rienze con la ragione & ſe uedrà che le coſe <lb></lb>preſenti non corriſpondano alle paſſate, eſſo <lb></lb>mondificarà tal ſettione, tal che farà eſqui<lb></lb>lio, & hauerà ſperimentato, & quello che <lb></lb>gli dettarà il diſcorſo del intelletto ne calzarà <lb></lb>tutti con una medeſima corona (come ſi ſuol <lb></lb>dire) ma ſecondo tale indicationi diſſe, ſe gli <pb xlink:href="038/01/214.jpg" pagenum="194"></pb>offerirà, egli ſi gouernarà. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Eper<lb></lb>che forſe alcuni riprendono l'Eccellente Mar<lb></lb>candone Antonio Montagnana, perche muta <lb></lb>no ſpeſſo i medicamenti, in luoco di lodarlo io <lb></lb>per me non conobbi mai huomo, che cauaſſe <lb></lb>meglio le indicationi di lui, & che meglio gli <lb></lb>ſodisfaceſſe. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> douete eſſere affettio<lb></lb>nato. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Son affettionato alla uerità. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> burlo io, uenimo al noſtro propoſito. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg245"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>l'iſtrumento, che ſerue à queſto diſcorſo pro<lb></lb>priamente è l'eſſempio, ilquale ua da particola <lb></lb>ri à particolari. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Cioè dalla cognitione <lb></lb>particolare alla cognitione particolare. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Non potiamo dire, che ſi ſerua ancor queſta <lb></lb>ſenſitiua della induttione, perche ella uà da <lb></lb>particolari? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In queſto biſogna auer<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg246"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>tire, che la induttione è iſtrumento parte del <lb></lb>la ſenſitiua, parte della intellettiua. </s> <s>Della <lb></lb>ſenſitiua, inquanto che le ſue premeſſe ſono <lb></lb>particolari, ma inquanto poi che la concluſio <lb></lb>ne è uniuerſale, è dell'intelletto. </s> <s>et qui ſi de <lb></lb>ue notare, che la induttione è un'iſtrumento, <lb></lb>che ſerue à fare il paſſo, dalla cognition ſen<lb></lb>ſitiua alla intellettiua, che ſarà nella Scala del <lb></lb>Tappo à gli gradi: & queſte ſono quelle po<lb></lb>che parole, che io era per dirui intorno al mo <lb></lb>do, che ſi tiene nell'acquiſtare la peritia, & <lb></lb>intorno al traffico, che ſi fa dalla peritia alla <pb xlink:href="038/01/215.jpg" pagenum="195"></pb>cognitione dell'intelletto, ilquale, ſi come la <lb></lb>ſenſitiua conoſce ſolamente i particolari, co<lb></lb>ſi eſſa conoſce ſolamente gli uniuerſali. </s> <s>Vi <lb></lb>ho ancor uoluto moſtrar gli iſtrumenti di eſſa <lb></lb>ſenſitiua breuemente, perche di ſopra ne i me<lb></lb>todi ne parlaßimo à pieno. </s> <s>Se hora ui pare <lb></lb>Morello di riſentirui, ouero di dir qualche co<lb></lb>ſa, & ſimilmente uoi Marcandone, dite, che <lb></lb>ſarò pronto ad aſcoltarui. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Io reſto <lb></lb>ſodisfattißimo, nè ſaprei che coſa poteßi deſi <lb></lb>derar di meglio. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Il mio riſentire ſa <lb></lb>rà chiamarmi uinto, & à uoi obligatißimo; <lb></lb>ilquale hoggi, che non ſperaua, mi hauete <lb></lb>fatto il piu bel diſcorſo, che ſi poteſſe fare in<lb></lb>torno à gli iſtrumenti ſperimentali, ò tappo <lb></lb>della Scala come uogliam dire. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se io <lb></lb>ho detto coſa, che ui ſia grata, mi piace, & <lb></lb>uoi non ne douete hauere obligo à me, ma à <lb></lb>uoi, che me n'hauete data cagione. </s> <s>et di que <lb></lb>sto ne faccio giudice il Marcandone. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Le coſe, che ogni un uede, non hanno biſogno <lb></lb>di eſſer giudicate. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Se non uolete giudi<lb></lb>care, pigliateui il tappo, & ſenza piu parole, <lb></lb>prima andateuene in fiera, dopoi ritornati à ca <lb></lb>ſa, ponetelo alla Scala, & Iddio ui accompa <lb></lb>gni, che io me ne uoglio andare in un mio ne<lb></lb>gotio. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dimani ſi dirà de i paßi. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Se uoi uerrete, tanto ſi farà. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg216"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Lodi del <lb></lb>Bellacati.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg217"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Tappo che <lb></lb>coſa ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg218"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Specie de <lb></lb><expan abbr="gl'iſtrumẽ">gl'iſtrumen</expan> <lb></lb>ti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg219"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Iſtrumẽto">Iſtrumento</expan> <lb></lb>pſetto qual <lb></lb>ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg220"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Iſtrumẽto">Iſtrumento</expan> <lb></lb>eſperimen <lb></lb>tale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg221"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne <expan abbr="dell'e-ſperimẽto">dell'e<lb></lb>ſperimento</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg222"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Differenza <lb></lb>tra l'eſperi<lb></lb>mento, & <lb></lb>i merodi.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg223"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Iſtruméto <lb></lb>eſperimen <lb></lb>tale come <lb></lb>ſi fabrichi, <lb></lb>& come ſi <lb></lb>metta <expan abbr="ī">im</expan> uſo<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg224"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Come l'in <lb></lb>telletto ſi <lb></lb>ſerua del<lb></lb>l'uniuerſa<lb></lb>le.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg225"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Prima ſen<lb></lb>ſatione. <lb></lb></s> <s>Seconda.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg226"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diſcorſi di <lb></lb>quante ſor <lb></lb>ti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg227"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Animali <lb></lb>bruti, co<lb></lb>me diſcor<lb></lb>rano.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg228"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diſcorſo i <lb></lb>perfetto.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg229"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diffinitio<lb></lb>ne dell'ani <lb></lb>ma.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg230"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Specie del<lb></lb>l'anima.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg231"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Specie d'a<lb></lb>nimali.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg232"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Gradidi ui <lb></lb>uenti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg233"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Potenze d̨l <lb></lb>l'anima.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg234"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Potenze, & <lb></lb>attioni del <lb></lb>l'anima ue <lb></lb>getale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg235"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Potenze d̨l <lb></lb>la ſenſitiua<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg236"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Potenza e<lb></lb>ſteriore.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg237"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Potenza in <lb></lb>teriore,<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg238"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>virtù ima<lb></lb>ginatiua.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg239"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Attione d̨l <lb></lb>ſenſo com <lb></lb>mune.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg240"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Attioni d̨l<lb></lb>la Fantaſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg241"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Potenza e<lb></lb>ſtimatiua, <lb></lb>ouero co<lb></lb>gitatiua.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg242"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Differenza <lb></lb>tra l'eſtima <lb></lb>tiua, & co<lb></lb>gitatiua.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg243"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Potẽza">Potenza</expan> me <lb></lb>moratiua.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg244"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Epilogatio <lb></lb>ne delle co <lb></lb>ſe ſudette.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg245"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Iſtrumẽto">Iſtrumento</expan>, <lb></lb>che ſerue <lb></lb>al diſcorſo <lb></lb>della ſenſi<lb></lb>tiua.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg246"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Vſo della <expan abbr="ī">im</expan> <lb></lb>duttione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>IL FINE DELLA TERZA SETTIONE.<emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="038/01/216.jpg" pagenum="196"></pb><figure id="id.038.01.216.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/216/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>DELLA SCALA <lb></lb>DELLE SCIENZE, <lb></lb>ET ARTI, <lb></lb>DIVISA IN QVATTRO SETTIONI,<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>DALL'ECCELLENTE MEDICO <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>& Filoſofo, Meſſer GREGORIO <lb></lb>MORELLI. <lb></lb>SETTION QVARTA.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>DEIP ASSI, CHE SI DEVONO <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>FARE PER LA SCALA. <lb></lb>INTERLOCVTORI.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.038.01.216.2.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/216/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>TOMITANO, MARCANDONE <lb></lb>ET IL MORELLO.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="roman"></emph>S<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>T<emph type="roman"></emph>ARA PVRE A VE-<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>dere da qual parte ſpontaua<lb></lb>te, mi hauete fatto fare mil<lb></lb>le penſieri, con queſta uoſtra <lb></lb>tardità, penſaua, ouero; che <lb></lb>ui contentaſte di hauer la Scala ſolamente, & <lb></lb>che non ui curaſte altrimenti di ſaper che paßi <pb xlink:href="038/01/217.jpg" pagenum="197"></pb>faceſſero le ſcienze per quella. </s> <s>Dall'altra par <lb></lb>te mi ſoccorreua, che uoi eſſendo gioueni, & <lb></lb>d'ingegno, doueſte non ſolo contentarui di ha<lb></lb>uer la Scala, ma che doueſte far stima anco <lb></lb>de i paßi; perche mi hauete accennato di uo<lb></lb>ler far proua di incaminarli qualche honora<lb></lb>ta materia; staua à penſar che ui poteſſe ha<lb></lb>uere intratenuti, & era per uſcirmene, ſe <lb></lb>adeſſo adeſſo non giungeuate. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La <lb></lb>cauſa, che mi ha fatto tardare è stata, che <lb></lb>eſſendo io stato à uiſitare l'Eccellente Nicolò <lb></lb>Corte, alquale io appartatamente debbo per <lb></lb>piu riſpetti, ſi per la bontà, & uirtù ſue, come <lb></lb>ancor per alcuni particolari oblighi, con alcu <lb></lb>ni ſuoi prudentißimi, & piaceuoli diſcorſi ſia<lb></lb>mo stati trattenuti da lui, che non ci ſiamo rac <lb></lb>cordati piu di quello, che ſi conueniua per ri<lb></lb>ſpetto uoſtro. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Me ne raccordaua be<lb></lb>ne io, ma tra la dolcezza, ch'io ſentiua dal <lb></lb>parlar del Corte, & la benignità del Tomita<lb></lb>uo, mi laſciaua tutt'ora traſportare. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Sta bene, non importaua ſe ben haueſte tra<lb></lb>sferito il ragionar de' paßi ſino à dimane, pur <lb></lb>che fußi auiſato, che non haueſte da uenire. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Da che ſiamo qua giunti, poniamoli <lb></lb>fine, in ogni modo haueremo tanto di tempo, <lb></lb>che ne baſterà. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si forſe à uoi, che <lb></lb>non hauete altro che fare, ma io che ſon aſpei-<pb xlink:href="038/01/218.jpg" pagenum="198"></pb>tato, non ſo come potrò iſpedirmene, & non <lb></lb>mancare à quelli, che m'aſpettano. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Diuideremo le prattiche, talche uerrete à ſodi<lb></lb>sfare à tutti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non dice coſi egli. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Anzi mi ſarà fauore, purche gli ama <lb></lb>lati ſi contentino. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Burlaua; io ſo ben <lb></lb>che queſto non ſi può fare, ma certo non ui <lb></lb>mancherà tempo, ſe ben haueſte da fare le ui <lb></lb>ſite dell'Eccellente Bellacati. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A ſua po <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg247"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>sta, ui uoglio compiacere; ſedete. </s> <s>Li paßi, <lb></lb>che fanno, & colui, che inſegna le ſcienze, <lb></lb>& le arti ancor ſono quegli iſtrumenti, che <lb></lb>chiamano gli autori modi d'inſegnare, con i <lb></lb>quali diuerſamente ſono inſegnate, & dichia<lb></lb>rate eſſe ſcienze ò arti. </s> <s>onde dalla diuerſita de <lb></lb>gli iſtrumenti, che adoperiamo da dare ad in<lb></lb>tendere & inſegnare ò deſcriuere, ne naſce la <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg248"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>diuerſità de i modi, & per conſequenza de i <lb></lb>paßi. </s> <s>tal diuerſità può naſcere da i diuerſi ri<lb></lb>ſpetti, che ha colui, che inſegna in colui, che <lb></lb>è inſegnato, ouero nella coſa inſegnata, ouero <lb></lb>nel tempo in che s'inſegna, ouero da tutti inſic <lb></lb>me. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Da queſti fonti dunque ſpecialmen <lb></lb>te ne naſce la diuerſità de i modi, & l'inſegna <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg249"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>re. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Meſſerſi, per riſpetto di colui, che <lb></lb>inſegna ne riſultara due modi, ouero che inſe <lb></lb>gnarà con uiua uoce, che è inſegnar attualmen <lb></lb>te, ouero che inſegnarà col ſcriuere. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="038/01/219.jpg" pagenum="199"></pb>Et ſe aggiungeſte il terzo modo, cioè che inſe <lb></lb>gnerà non con uoce, non con ſcrittura, ma con <lb></lb>atti, come fece Zenone? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non ſarà <lb></lb>male ad aggiungerlo, però per il piu colui, che <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg250"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>inſegna adopra queſti due modi locutione, & <lb></lb>ſcrittura. </s> <s>Hor ſe il modo dell'inſegnare riguar <lb></lb>derà colui, che è inſegnato, uarierà parimen <lb></lb>te in due modi, ouero che ſarà facile, ouero <lb></lb>difficile, cioè che quel modo di colui, che in<lb></lb>ſegna ſarà chiamato facile, & difficile in ri<lb></lb>ſpetto di colui, che è inſegnato, ſecondo che fa <lb></lb>cilmente, ò difficilmente apprenderà la coſa in <lb></lb>ſegnata, & dicea Platone ſe nel inſegnar gli <lb></lb>giouani debiamo uſar il modo facile & il diffi <lb></lb>cile e le prouette. </s> <s>Ma ſe guardiamo il tempo <lb></lb>in che s'inſegna, ne può riuſcire un modo pro <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg251"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>liſſo modo chiamato per di eſſodo da Galeno <lb></lb>& diſſe che hauea loco nel ordine compoſitiuo <lb></lb>& un modo breue. </s> <s>Se riguardiamo anco la <lb></lb>coſa ſenza hauer riſpetto à colui, che inſegna, <lb></lb>& l'inſegnato, ouero il tempo, ne fa reſulta<lb></lb>re modi diuerſi di dire. </s> <s>come, ſe la coſa in ſe <lb></lb>steſſa ſarà graue, biſognerà ancor dirla con <lb></lb>un modo graue; ſe ſarà mediocre, biſognera <lb></lb>ancor che ſia paleſata con un modo di dire me <lb></lb>diocre; ſe ancor ſarà baſſa, biſognerà accom<lb></lb>pagnarla con un modo di dir baſſo; ſe eſſa ſa<lb></lb>rà recondita, biſognerà di uſare un modo di <pb xlink:href="038/01/220.jpg" pagenum="200"></pb>eſprimerla recondito. </s> <s>Et queſto è quello, che <lb></lb>Ariſtotele ſcriuendo ad Aleſſandro, che con <lb></lb>una ſua lettera ſi era lamentato, che l'hauc<lb></lb>ua ripreſo, perche diuulgato haueſſe i libri <lb></lb>della Fiſica, uolſe dire, quando gli riſpoſe, <lb></lb>che haueua uſato tal modo di dire, qual me<lb></lb>ritaua eſſa ſcienza, & che non ſarebbe inteſo, <lb></lb>ſe non da quelli, che erano ſimili à loro d'in<lb></lb>telletto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> queſte differenze di modi di <lb></lb>dire, che fate, che naſcano dalla coſa, pare <lb></lb>à me, che non ſieno della coſa, ma che naſca<lb></lb>no da colui, che aſcolta, alquale perche tali <lb></lb>modi ſe gli intende difficili, graue, humile, <lb></lb>mediocre, tali uengono giudicati. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Con <lb></lb>licenza riſponderò io à queſto. </s> <s>Ditemi Mar<lb></lb>candone, mi negarete, che gli iſtrumenti non <lb></lb>ſieno come noi habbiamo diſpoſti, cioè relati<lb></lb>ui, & che perciò non dicano habitudine? <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non che non lo dirò, & che per que<lb></lb>sto? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Che per queſto, ſe i modi ſono <lb></lb>iſtrumenti, & perciò habbino habitudine, ſe<lb></lb>guirà che habbino habitudine alle coſe di che <lb></lb>ſono iſtrumenti, & che le loro differenze depen <lb></lb>dano da dette coſe, ſi come hauemo detto di <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg252"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſopra, ancor de gli altri iſtrumenti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Adunque biſognerà dire, che tutte le altre <lb></lb>differenze naſcano dalla coſa, & non da co<lb></lb>lui, che inſegna, & da colui, che è inſegna-<pb xlink:href="038/01/221.jpg" pagenum="201"></pb>to, ouer dal tempo, come di ſopra ha detto il <lb></lb>Tomitano. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> State ad udire la ſolutio<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg253"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ne di queſta uoſtra difficoltà. </s> <s>Senza dubio pri <lb></lb>mieramente ogni ſorte d'iſtrumento di cui noi <lb></lb>parliamo, naſce dalla coſa di che è iſtrumen<lb></lb>to, per laquale eſſo è stato fatto; perche co<lb></lb>me diceuano inſin da principio gli iſtrumenti <lb></lb>ſono stati trouati per i biſogni delle coſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Adunque ſe coſi è fia neceſſario, che l'iſtru<lb></lb>mento pigli la ſua forma dal biſogno della co<lb></lb>ſa, & non da altro, altrimenti non ſi potreb<lb></lb>be mai riparare à tal biſogno; & percio è <lb></lb>chiaro, che primieramente il modo depende <lb></lb>dalla coſa di che è modo. </s> <s>Ma direte, perche <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg254"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>dunque hauete detto di ſopra, che ſono molte <lb></lb>differenze per riſpetto di colui, che inſegna, <lb></lb>dell'inſegnato, della coſa inſegnata, & del tem <lb></lb>po in che s'inſegna? </s> <s>io lo dißi con ragione, per <lb></lb>che hauendo già detto tante uolte, che l'iſtru <lb></lb>mento depende dalla coſa iſtrutta, non mi par <lb></lb>ue neceſſario di replicarlo, però fui contento <lb></lb>di accennarui i luochi immediati da che depen <lb></lb>dono, i quali in quanto che ſono cagione de i <lb></lb>modi dell'inſegnare, dependono eßi ancora dal <lb></lb>la coſa, che uiene inſegnata; come il Filoſofo, <lb></lb>non è egli Filoſofo per riſpetto della Filoſofia, <lb></lb>dal quale ne naſce poi queſti due modi, cioè <lb></lb>locutione, & ſcrittura? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io reſto ſodi-<pb xlink:href="038/01/222.jpg" pagenum="202"></pb>sfatto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Ancor io. </s> <s>ma accio queſte diffe<lb></lb>renze de i modi dell'inſegnare ſieno chiaramen <lb></lb>te uedute, ditemi la locutione come ſi può dif<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg255"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>finire, & che ſpecie ella ha? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La Locu<lb></lb>tione non è altro, che un modo d'inſegnare ò <lb></lb>prononciare attualmente con la uoce quelle co <lb></lb>ſe, che hauemo ritrouate, & ſotto un certo <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg256"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ordine ridutte, & queſta locutione può eſſere <lb></lb>foſca, lene, aſpra, ſottile, piena, ilare, me <lb></lb>sta, flebile, ridiculoſa, depreſſa, acuta, alta, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg257"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>baſſa, tarda, preſta, & in altri modi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> La <lb></lb>ſcrittura non ſara ella un modo medeſimamen <lb></lb>te d'inſegnare le coſe ritrouate, & ordinate per <lb></lb>gli iſtrumenti già detti? </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Sarà, ma non ſa <lb></lb>rà modo d'inſegnare attualmente con la uoce. <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In queſto dunque ſono differenti nella <lb></lb>ſcrittura ha modi che particolari di lei ſiano. <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg258"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſe non uoleßimo dire, che la diuerſità dello <lb></lb>ſcriuere, del ziferare, & del uariare de ca<lb></lb>ratteri fuſſero diuerſi modi. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si può dire <lb></lb>dauantaggio. </s> <s>ſotto queſti due modi d'inſegnare <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg259"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſi contengono indifferentemente diuerſe uoci. <lb></lb></s> <s>Saranno ornate, ouero rozze, ouero eleganti, <lb></lb>ouero in proſa, ouero in uerſi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Eleganti <lb></lb>ſono quando ſeruano le pure parole della figu <lb></lb>ra, cioè uſitate, & proprie. </s> <s>Rozze ſono quan<lb></lb>do pienc di barbariſmi, e ſoleciſmi, mancano <lb></lb>d'ogni ſorte d'eſſornatione. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> Eſſornate <pb xlink:href="038/01/223.jpg" pagenum="203"></pb>credo io che ſieno quando che oltra che ſeruo<lb></lb>no la uera latinità, hanno di piu una certa <lb></lb>attillatura, & politezza, che chiamano i Re <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg260"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>torici, colori. </s> <s>& queſti tai colori ſono molti, <lb></lb>come repetitione, conuerſione, compleßione, <lb></lb>traduttione, contentione, eſclamatione, inter<lb></lb>rogatione, ratiocinatione, ſentenze, contrario, <lb></lb>membro, articolo graue, continuatione medio<lb></lb>cre, comparatione, che caſca nel medeſimo, <lb></lb>l'augumentatione humile, la ſubiettione, la gra <lb></lb>datione, la diffinitione, tranſitione, correttio <lb></lb>ne, occupatione, diſiuntione, coniuntione, adiun <lb></lb>tione, conduplicatione, interpretatione, com <lb></lb>mutatione, permißione, dubitatione, eſpeditio<lb></lb>ne, diſſolutione, preciſione, concluſione, nomi <lb></lb>natione graue, prenominatione, denominatio <lb></lb>ne, circuitione, traſgreßione, ſuperlatione, irre <lb></lb>latione, abuſi one, traſlatione, permutatione. <lb></lb></s> <s>& queſte ſono le eſſortationi delle parole, che <lb></lb>fanno i modi diuerſi Sono altre eſſornationi di <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg261"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ſentenze. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Come la diſtributione, iſpoſi<lb></lb>tione, & tutte le altre, che pongono i Reto<lb></lb>ri. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Et per non star tutto hoggi occupa<lb></lb>to in queſti detti, che poſſono uariare i modi <lb></lb>dell'inſegnare per riſpetto della locutione & <lb></lb>ſcrittura, tanto uariano gli accidenti de i Gram <lb></lb>matici: et Retorici, iquali <expan abbr="quãti">quanti</expan> ſiano, ciaſcun <lb></lb>di uoi ne è auanti che hora benißimo iſtrutto. <pb xlink:href="038/01/224.jpg" pagenum="204"></pb>Diceuano, che colui, che inſegna può inſegna <lb></lb>re in uoce, & in ſcrittura, che può ancora in <lb></lb>ſegnare con atti, ſi come fece Zenone. </s> <s>Que<lb></lb>sto modo è raro, però uengo à gli altri, i qua<lb></lb>li ſono come di ſopra è stato detto, per riſpet<lb></lb>to della implicatione di colui, che inſegna, con <lb></lb>colui, che è inſegnato. </s> <s>& per riſpetto ancora <lb></lb>della coſa inſegnata, & del tempo in che s'in<lb></lb>ſegna. </s> <s>Ma perche non uariano altrimenti di <lb></lb>quelli, che habbiamo detto, io, ſe coſi pare <lb></lb>à uoi, me ne paſſerò al modo, che tengono nel <lb></lb>complicarſi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> A che propoſito il repli<lb></lb>care quello, che è stato detto? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Inuero <lb></lb>la breuità del tempo non lo comporta. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Se per cauſa alcuna mi doueßi indurre a repli <lb></lb>care, douerebbe eſſere, che non fuſſero stati <lb></lb>inteſi, ma ueggo che uoi inanzi ne erauate ca <lb></lb>pacißimi. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Baſta che hora ne ſiamo capa <lb></lb>ci, mercè della facilità, che hauete nello iſpri <lb></lb>mere le coſe, che difficili ſono talmente, che <lb></lb>le fate facili. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Che uolete che egli ſap<lb></lb>pia fare la Scala della facilità, & che non ſap <lb></lb>pia poi caminare per eſſa? </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Anzi dico <lb></lb>per queſto, che è talmente facile, che le coſe <lb></lb>difficili rende facili; ne però diſcende ad una <lb></lb>baſſezza del dire, che meriti biaſimo. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Laſciatemi almeno finire i paßi di gratia, <lb></lb>inanzi che uogliate publicarmi per perfetto <pb xlink:href="038/01/225.jpg" pagenum="205"></pb>nella Scala delle Scienze, & arti; perche ſa<lb></lb>pete ben che il fine è quello, che dà la ſenten <lb></lb>za. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Si può dire che habbiate finito; <lb></lb>pur ſeguite à quello, che ui reſta. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Mire <lb></lb>sta dunque della complicatione del modo, co<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg262"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>me, ho già detto. </s> <s>Prima ſi può congiungere <lb></lb>inſieme il difficile col compendioſo, come fece <lb></lb>Galeno nella coſtitutione dell'arte medica, & <lb></lb>nell'arte parua; ſi può congiungere il facile col <lb></lb>breue, come ha fatto il medeſimo nel libro de' <lb></lb>polſi; potremo congiungere il modo graue, il<lb></lb>quale ſuppone colui, che inſegna graue, & l'au <lb></lb>ditore parimente erudito, col modo breue, & <lb></lb>difficile, ne riſultarà un modo, che chiamò Hip <lb></lb>pocrate aphoriſtico, ilquale è quaſi ſimile al <lb></lb>modo enigmatico, però ſono differenti, perche <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg263"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>l'aforiſtico è un parlar breue, che contiene in <lb></lb>ſe amplißimi concetti; & non però è tanto dif<lb></lb>ficile, che non poſſa eſſere inteſo, & che quel <lb></lb>lo, che pare dimoſtrare non lo dimoſtri, coſa, <lb></lb>che non fa l'enigma; ilquale oltra che è bre<lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg264"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>uißimo, & difficilißimo, pare che dimoſtri uno, <lb></lb>& dimoſtra l'altro; come è quello, che dice, <lb></lb>Non ferirai con la ſpada il fuoco; che uuol di<lb></lb>re, Non irritarai l'huomo coleroſo & un'altro <lb></lb>modo, che pure è breue, & oſcuro, ilquale è <lb></lb>differente da i già detti, che è apoftegmatico, <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg265"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ilquale contiene in ſe una certa mordacità maſ-<pb xlink:href="038/01/226.jpg" pagenum="206"></pb>ſime intorno al dar riſpoſte. </s> <s>& il modo prouer <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg266"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>biale, ilquale è differente da l'apoftegmatico, <lb></lb>perche eſſo contien il parer di piu; & l'apofteg <lb></lb>matico, il parer d'un ſolo. </s> <s>Sono i precetti, le <lb></lb>leggi, i theoremi, le ſentenze, i quali modi ſo<lb></lb>no poco differenti dal modo aforiſtico, i quali <lb></lb>tutti contengono in ſe i principij dell'arte, ma <lb></lb>giouano al ritrouare i principij di quelle: per<lb></lb>che i principij, ouer aforiſmi, non uengono dal <lb></lb>li luochi euidenti, ma da quelli, che naſcono <lb></lb>dalli euidenti, ouero all'intelletto, ouero al ſen <lb></lb>ſo, come il troppo cibo, la troppa quiete, & <lb></lb>ogni coſa, che ſia troppo, ſempre nuoce. </s> <s>Vi ſo <lb></lb>no altri modi, iquali non starò à raccontare. <lb></lb></s> <s>A me baſta hauerui dimoſtrata la uia da far <lb></lb>tanti modi, quanti uoi deſiderate. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> In <lb></lb>ſomma i modi del dire ò inſegnare ſaranno oue <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg267"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>ro ſemplici, ouero complicati. </s> <s>I ſemplici, à mio <lb></lb>giuditio, non ſi potranno trouare appreſſo au<lb></lb>tor ueruno. </s> <s>Si può ben conſiderar ciaſcuno ap<lb></lb>partatamente, perche uno ſe deue inſegnare, <lb></lb>biſogna che inſegni ò con uoce, ò con ſcrittura; <lb></lb>& ſia lungo, ò breue, ò facile, ò difficile, ò orna <lb></lb>tamente, ò rozzamente, ouero con stil graue, <lb></lb>ouero mediocre, ouero humile. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Dite il ue <lb></lb>ro, ma però ſi trouer à de gli ſcritti, che haue<lb></lb>ran menco modi d'un'altro. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſto non <lb></lb>ſo io, perche à me pare, che ogni modo habbia <pb xlink:href="038/01/227.jpg" pagenum="307"></pb>il ſuo contrario, à talche ſe non ui ſarà un con <lb></lb>trario, ſarà neceſſario che ui ſia l'altro, ouero <lb></lb>il mezo loro. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Queſto ſarebbe uerißimo <lb></lb>quando tutti i modi haueſſero contrari ſenza <lb></lb>mezo, et che in un componimento non ſi uariaſ <lb></lb>ſero i modi ſecondo i propoſiti. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Credo io <lb></lb>che li habbino, perche ueggo io che il difficile, <lb></lb>ha il facile, il graue, & l'humile. </s> <s>È ben uero, ſe <lb></lb>pigliate tutto un trattato inſieme, che può eſſer, <lb></lb>che in quel trattato ſaranno piu modi, ouero in <lb></lb>quanto alla eſſornatione delle dittioni, ouero <lb></lb>clauſule, che non ſaranno in un'altro. </s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Che credeuate, che uoleſſe dire d'una clauſula <lb></lb>ſola non ſi può inſegnare un concetto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Hauete ragione. </s> <s>Hora habbiamo col nome del <lb></lb>Signore finita la Scala. </s> <s>Prima drizzaßimo gli <lb></lb><arrow.to.target n="marg268"></arrow.to.target><lb></lb>stanti, quali chiamano ordine, & ſono riſo<lb></lb>lutione, compoſitione, diffinitione; applicati i <lb></lb>gradi, che ſono de gli antichi, i metodi, cioè <lb></lb>dimoſtratione, riſolutione, diuiſione, & diffi<lb></lb>nitione. </s> <s>Mi mancaua per fornire la Scala, d'ap <lb></lb>poggiarli il Tappo, il che faceßimo hieri: ilqua <lb></lb>le è l'iſtrumento eſperimentale, che ſono l'eſ<lb></lb>ſempio, & l'induttione. </s> <s>Hoggi mò hauemo im <lb></lb>parato à fare gli paßi per eſſa Scala, cioè im <lb></lb>parati i modi dell'inſegnare. </s> <s>Però altro non <lb></lb>mi reſta, che imitando il noſtro Tomitano, in<lb></lb>commciamo ad indrizzarui qualche degno <pb xlink:href="038/01/228.jpg" pagenum="208"></pb>ſuggetto. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io per me ſon per ſeguir tal <lb></lb>Scala ſe mai hauerò occaſione di ſcriuere. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Non trouarete ne anche la migliore; <lb></lb>anzi ui uoglio dire, che non ne trouarete al<lb></lb>tra; ſe però non uoleſte fare, come fanno <lb></lb>quelli, che, per troppo bere hanno ſmarrita la <lb></lb>strada, & uanno al trauerſo. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Marcandone di queſta ſi bella fatica, qual <lb></lb>gratie dobbiamo rendere al Tomitano? <lb></lb></s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>AR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Io non mi ritrouo baſtante di ringra<lb></lb>tiarlo, perche tanto è l obligo, che con paro<lb></lb>le non mi ſento potermene ſcaricare. </s> <s>M<emph type="roman"></emph>OR.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>Horſu dunque Tomitano, il ringratiarui ſarà <lb></lb>ſolo il moſtrarui quanto deſideriamo di poter<lb></lb>ui rendere con qualche effetto il guiderdone, <lb></lb>poi che in parole non lo potiamo fare. <lb></lb></s> <s>T<emph type="roman"></emph>OM.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s><s> Figliuoli, ſapete quanto <lb></lb>ui amo, & perciò in ricom<lb></lb>penſa ui prego amar<lb></lb>mi, nè uerſo di <lb></lb>me haue<lb></lb>te al <lb></lb>tro obligo. </s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg247"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Paſsi della <lb></lb>Scala, qua <lb></lb>li ſieno, & <lb></lb>à che ſerui <lb></lb>no.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg248"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Diuiſione| <lb></lb>de' modi <lb></lb><expan abbr="dell'ĩſegna">dell'inſegna</expan> <lb></lb>re, & loro <lb></lb>origene.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg249"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Quai mo<lb></lb>di naſcano <lb></lb>da colui, <lb></lb><expan abbr="ch'ĩſegna">ch'inſegna</expan>.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg250"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modi, che <lb></lb>naſcano da <lb></lb>l'iſegnato.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg251"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modi, che <lb></lb>naſcanodal <lb></lb>tempo, & <lb></lb>dalla coſa.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg252"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Dubitatio <lb></lb>ne intorno <lb></lb>il naſcere <lb></lb>de gli iſtru <lb></lb>menti.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg253"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Solutione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg254"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modo <expan abbr="õde">onde</expan> <lb></lb>primiera<lb></lb>mente di<lb></lb>penda.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg255"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Locutio<lb></lb>ne, che co<lb></lb>ſa ſia.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg256"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Mẽbri">Membri</expan> d̨lla <lb></lb>locutione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg257"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Scrittura, <lb></lb>che coſa ſia<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg258"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph><expan abbr="Mẽbri">Membri</expan> d̨lla <lb></lb>ſcrittura.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg259"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modicom <lb></lb>muni alla <lb></lb>ſcrittura, & <lb></lb>locutione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg260"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Colori re<lb></lb>torici.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg261"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Eſſornatio <lb></lb>ni di <expan abbr="ſentõ">ſentom</expan> <lb></lb>ze.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg262"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modi del<lb></lb>la <expan abbr="cõplica">complica</expan> <lb></lb>tione.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg263"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modo Aſo <lb></lb>riſtico<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg264"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modo <expan abbr="ēig">enig</expan> <lb></lb>matico.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg265"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modoapof <lb></lb>tegmatico<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg266"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Modo pro <lb></lb>uerbiale.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg267"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Se i modi <lb></lb>ſemplici ſi <lb></lb>poſſan'uſa <lb></lb>re ſeparata <lb></lb>mente.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg268"></margin.target><emph type="roman"></emph>Epilogatio <lb></lb>ne di tutto <lb></lb>quel, che <lb></lb>s'è detto.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>IL FINE DELLA QVARTA <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>ET VLTIMA SETTIONE.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end><lb></lb><figure id="id.038.01.228.1.jpg" xlink:href="038/01/228/1.jpg"></figure></s></p> </chap> </body> <back></back> </text></archimedes>