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Removing DESpecs directory which deserted to git
| author | Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 29 Nov 2017 16:55:37 +0100 |
| parents | 22d6a63640c6 |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><echo xmlns="http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ns/echo/1.0/" xmlns:de="http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ns/de/1.0/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:echo="http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ns/echo/1.0/" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0RC"> <metadata> <dcterms:identifier>ECHO:D09WWP72.xml</dcterms:identifier> <dcterms:creator identifier="GND:102501580">Gallaccini, Teofilo</dcterms:creator> <dcterms:title xml:lang="it">Trattato sopra gli errori degli architetti</dcterms:title> <dcterms:date xsi:type="dcterms:W3CDTF">1767</dcterms:date> <dcterms:language xsi:type="dcterms:ISO639-3">ita</dcterms:language> <dcterms:rights>CC-BY-SA</dcterms:rights> <dcterms:license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CC-BY-SA</dcterms:license> <dcterms:rightsHolder xlink:href="http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de">Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Library</dcterms:rightsHolder> <parameters>despecs=1.1.2</parameters> </metadata> <text xml:lang="it" type="free"> <div xml:id="echoid-div1" type="section" level="1" n="1"><pb file="0001" n="1"/> <pb file="0002" n="2"/> <pb file="0003" n="3"/> <pb file="0004" n="4"/> <pb file="0005" n="5"/> <figure> <image file="0005-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0005-01"/> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div2" type="section" level="1" n="2"> <head xml:id="echoid-head1" xml:space="preserve">TRATTATO <lb/>DI <lb/>TEOFILO GALL ACCINI <lb/>SOPRA GLI ERRORI <lb/>DEGLI ARCIIITETTI <lb/>ORA PER LA PRIMA VOLTA <lb/>PUBBLICATO</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head2" xml:space="preserve">IN VENE ZIA <lb/>MD CCLXVII <lb/>PER GIAMBATISTA PASQUALI. <lb/>Con Licenza de’Superiori, e Privilegio.</head> <pb file="0006" n="6"/> <handwritten/> <handwritten/> <pb o="iij" file="0007" n="7"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div3" type="section" level="1" n="3"> <head xml:id="echoid-head3" xml:space="preserve">VITA LETTERARIA <lb/>DEL CELEBRE <lb/>FILOSOFO, MEDICO, MATEMATICO, E ISTORICO <lb/>TEOFILO GALLACCINI <lb/>SANESE, <lb/>SUCCINTAMENTE DESCRITTA, IN QUEST’ANNO MDCCLIX.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head4" style="it" xml:space="preserve">DAL CAVALIERE</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head5" xml:space="preserve">GIO: ANTONIO CONTE PECCI <lb/>PATRIZIO DELLA MEDESIMA CITTA’ DI SIENA.</head> <figure> <image file="0007-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0007-01"/> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1" xml:space="preserve">NON inferiore certamente ad alcun altro Lettera-<lb/>to Saneſe comparirebbe all’ età noſtra la fama, <lb/>e il grido del dottiſſimo Teoſilo Gallaccini, ſe la <lb/>di lui incomparabile modeſtia, il ſaviſſimo, e abbiettiſ-<lb/>ſimo contegno, col quale regolava tutte l’operazioni, <lb/>e le innumerabili virtù Criſtiane, che l’adornavano, <lb/>non l’aveſſero alienato dalla pubblicazione colle ſtam-<lb/>pe di taluna almeno di quelle tante opere, che ſcriſ-<lb/>ſe, e compoſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2" xml:space="preserve">Se compariſſero paleſi i Trattati Filo-<lb/>ſofici, che egli laſciò inediti, potrebbero gli Speculati-<lb/>vi dicifrare i più aſtruſi arcani di quella ſcienza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3" xml:space="preserve">ſe <lb/>ſi vedeſſero i diſcorſi Medici, e Anatomici, di quanto <lb/>profitto ſi renderebbero per la più facile guarigione <lb/>dell’ infermità più oſtinate! ſe i ragionamenti Aſtrono-<lb/>mici, ſe i dilucidamenti Meccanici ſi paleſaſſero, oh! <lb/>quanto vantaggio arrecherebbero per una più ſicura co-<lb/>gnizione dell’ incertiſſimo corſo de’ Pianeti, e per un <lb/>più raffinato, e perfetto poſſedimento delle Arti, e de’ <lb/>Meſtieri; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente ſe non reſtaſſero incogniti i nu-<lb/>meroſi Volumi dell’ Architettura Civile, e Militare, <lb/>le ſtoriche oſſervazioni, e tant’ altre materie, nelle qua-<lb/>li egli, nel lunghiſſimo corſo della vita ſua, s’ occupò, <pb o="iv" file="0008" n="8"/> chi potrebbe controvertere al noſtro Gallaccini il prima-<lb/>to della Letteratura Saneſe? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s5" xml:space="preserve">Ma l’Altiſſimo Creatore di <lb/>tutte le coſe, che ſaggiamente tutto opera, e tutto di-<lb/>ſpone, così decretò, così volle, e niuna, niuna delle <lb/>Opere del noſtro Letterato, finora permiſe, che alla <lb/>cognizione de’ mortali ſi paleſaſſe.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s6" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s7" xml:space="preserve">Nacque in Siena Teoſilo il 22. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s8" xml:space="preserve">di Settembre dell’ an-<lb/>no 1564.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s9" xml:space="preserve">, da poveri, ma onorati Genitori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s10" xml:space="preserve">e ſe di quel <lb/>tempo non ſi potea la di lui Famiglia conſiderare tra <lb/>le Nobili, non è per queſto, che più anticamente, e <lb/>fin dall’ anno 1397.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s11" xml:space="preserve">, nella Perſona di Gabriele, e d’ al-<lb/>tri Aſcendenti, non aveſſe goduti i ſupremi Onori del-<lb/>le Magiſtrature della Patria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s12" xml:space="preserve">Fu ſuo Padre Claudio d’ <lb/>Alberto Gallaccini, e la Madre Eufraſia d’ Anſano di Nic-<lb/>colò Molandi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s13" xml:space="preserve">Educarono queſti Teofilo unico Figliuolo, <lb/>che ottennero, prima nelle virtù morali, e dipoi lo <lb/>conſegnarono, per apprendere l’Umanità, a’Padri del-<lb/>la Compagnia di Gesù, che appena intrapreſo il corſo <lb/>Grammaticale ſi reſe meritevole di paſſare all’ acquiſto <lb/>della Rettorica, e ſuſſeguentemente delle materie ſcien-<lb/>tifiche; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s14" xml:space="preserve">e perchè nell’ Univerſità di Siena con fama <lb/>non ordinaria inſegnavano, tra molti altri di quel tem-<lb/>po, Livio Rettori la Filoſofia, Niccolò Finetti la Medicina <lb/>Teorica, e Creſcenzio Landi la Pratica, il Gallaccini voglio-<lb/>ſo allora di profeſſare quegli ſtudj, ad eſſi preſenta-<lb/>toſi, e velocemente iſtruitoſi, il 19 di Giugno 1583. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s15" xml:space="preserve">fu <lb/>giudicato meritevole della Laura Dottorale; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s16" xml:space="preserve">e così, eſ-<lb/>poſtoſi al cimento delle pubbliche Concluſioni, con plau-<lb/>ſo univerſale fu dottorato in Filoſofia, e Medicina.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s17" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s18" xml:space="preserve">Andava ſempre più avanzandoſi il fervore di Teofilo <lb/>nel profitto delle mediche cognizioni colle continuate <lb/>viſite, che praticava più volte il giorno fare a’ mala-<lb/>ti dello Spedale di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s19" xml:space="preserve">Maria della Scala; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s20" xml:space="preserve">e per inda-<lb/>gare le occulte cagioni delle infermità più pericoloſe, <lb/>bene ſpeſſo tagliava egli medeſimo i Cadaveri, ed oſ-<lb/>ſervando minutamente le Viſcere, l’ Arterie, i nervi, <lb/>e la ſtruttura tutta de’Corpi Umani, ne ritraeva non <pb o="v" file="0009" n="9"/> ordinarie cognizioni, leggeva continuamente gli Auto-<lb/>ri più accreditati, conferiva co’Profeſſori più eſperti le <lb/>oſſervazioni, ed in ſomma non tralaſciava occaſione al-<lb/>cuna per avanzarſi ſempre più nel merito, e nella ri-<lb/>putazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s21" xml:space="preserve">Per lo che conſiderando, che nella Città di <lb/>Roma maggiormente potea incamminare i principiati ſtudj, <lb/>colà portoſſi ſollecitamente l’anno 1590.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s22" xml:space="preserve">, dove con gran <lb/>fervore applicatoſi alla Medicina, poco dopo ammaſ-<lb/>ſato un pingue capitale degli ſperimenti, e dalla Let-<lb/>tura de’Libri ſcriſſe il Trattato della Notomia, e aggiun-<lb/>ſe varie riſleſſioni alla Notomia già pubblicata del Valver-<lb/>de; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s23" xml:space="preserve">e perchè colla Medicina prudentemente conſiderava <lb/>non poter andar diſgiunta la Filoſoſia, pertanto an-<lb/>che in queſta ſcienza ſcriſſe un altro Tra<unsure/>ttato, intito-<lb/>lato il Teſoro della Filoſoſia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s24" xml:space="preserve">Avvalorò con nuove, e più <lb/>valide ragioni il nuovo ſiſtema introdotto nella Filoſofia di <lb/>Annibale Tartaglia, e ſoſtenne ne’ circoli, e nelle diſpute <lb/>Filoſofiche le più aſtruſe quiſtioni, con ragioni e auto-<lb/>rità, e con rifleſſioni le più ſottili, e perſpicaci, che <lb/>poſſano giammai penſarſi da un intelletto ben fondato, <lb/>dotato d’ intelligenza, e ornato di numeroſiſſime co-<lb/>gnizioni.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s25" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s26" xml:space="preserve">Ma come che il Gallaccini per naturale inclinazione <lb/>era portato più volentieri ad altre dilettevoli applica-<lb/>zioni, abbandonò gli ſtudj della Filoſofia, e della Medi-<lb/>cina, e datoſi con tutto l’animo agli altri dell’Aſtro-<lb/>nomia, della Matematica, della Geometria, e della <lb/>Meccanica, e dell’ Architettura Civile, e Militare: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s27" xml:space="preserve">nella prima compoſe i Trattati, de Radio Latino, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s28" xml:space="preserve">de <lb/>Natura Angelorum, nella ſeconda altri Trattati, de Cir-<lb/>culo, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s29" xml:space="preserve">de Angulo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s30" xml:space="preserve">nella Matematica ſcriſſe De’ Porti <lb/>di Mare, de Templo, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s31" xml:space="preserve">de Itinerario; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s32" xml:space="preserve">nella Geometria la <lb/>plauſibile Opera intitolata, I Principj di Geometria; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s33" xml:space="preserve">nella <lb/>Meccanica un groſſo Volume, che prende il nome dal-<lb/>la medeſima Profeſſione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s34" xml:space="preserve">e unì a queſta l’altra fatica, a <lb/>cui diè titolo di Zibaldone, di Arcbitettura, e di Meccani-<lb/>ca: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s35" xml:space="preserve">e perchè tali Profeſſioni portano ſeco la cognizio- <pb o="vi" file="0010" n="10"/> ne del diſegno, non volendo Teofilo traſcurare parte al-<lb/>cuna, per cui poteſſe maggiormente render chiare, e <lb/>diſtinte le di lui Opere, pertanto procurò nella mede-<lb/>ſima Città di Roma, ſotto eccellenti maeſtri, apprende-<lb/>re una tal diſtinzione, e così ben preſto diſegnò, delineò, <lb/>e dipinſe con vaghe Figure, e reſe ornati i di lui Trat-<lb/>tati con Piante, e Proſpettive, conforme può da chiun-<lb/>que vederſi nelle numeroſe Opere diſteſe, e compoſte, e par-<lb/>ticolarmente in quella intitolata degli Errori degli Arcbi-<lb/>tetti, che ſe ne pubblica in queſta Sereniſſima Dominan-<lb/>te di Venezia preſentemente la cognizione, finita nell’ <lb/>anno del Giubileo 1621. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s36" xml:space="preserve">e preſentata a Monſig. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s37" xml:space="preserve">Giulio <lb/>Mancini Medico, e Camerier ſegreto di N. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s38" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s39" xml:space="preserve">Papa Ur-<lb/>bano VIII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s40" xml:space="preserve">che fu letto da Sua Santità; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s41" xml:space="preserve">e nell’ altro <lb/>Trattato, il di cui Titolo ſi è Il Teſoro dell’ Arcbitettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s42" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s43" xml:space="preserve">Conoſceva molto bene il Gallaccini, che a’ ſopra ri-<lb/>feriti ſtudj per una migliore perfezione non doveano <lb/>neceſſariamente andar diſgiunti gli altri della Storia, e <lb/>dell’ Antiquaria cognizione, e però traſcriſſe, e diſegnò <lb/>gran quantità delle Iſcrizioni Greche, e Latine, che fre-<lb/>quentiſſime ſi ritrovano nella Città di Roma; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s44" xml:space="preserve">eforman-<lb/>done un’ampla raccolta in un vaſtiſſimo Tomo, quelle <lb/>illuſtrò, e con erudite note ſpiegò i ſentimenti più a-<lb/>ſtruſi degli Antichi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s45" xml:space="preserve">e, come che ſpeſſe volte ſuccede, <lb/>che, o per invidia, o per farſi onore dell’ Opere altrui, <lb/>gli venne tolta queſta diligentiſſima fatica, e pervenu-<lb/>ta all’ età noſtra, benchè con grave diſpendio, ſe n’im-<lb/>padronì il Barone Filippo Stoſcb Tedeſco, nato ſuddito <lb/>del Re di Pruſſia, allorchè ritrovavaſi commorante in <lb/>Roma, ed io ſteſſo poſſo aſſerire, che converſando in <lb/>Siena con queſto Letterato, me la fece vedere, e mi <lb/>diede commodo d’ oſſervarla, e di leggerla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s46" xml:space="preserve">Non furo-<lb/>no queſte ſole le occupazioni ſtoriche del Gallaccini, <lb/>mentre ſi trattenne in Roma, perchè applicato l’animo <lb/>non meno che alle numeroſe ſcienze, che poſſedeva, <lb/>alla medeſima ſtoria, compoſe, e ſcriſſe un’ altr’ Opera <lb/>intitolata Tbeſaurus Hiſtoricorum, che vuol dire una ſpie- <pb o="vij" file="0011" n="11"/> gazione de’Paſſi più reconditi degli Storici Greci, e La-<lb/>tini, e gli dimoſtrò con chiare, e dotte ſpiegazioni <lb/>più intelligibili all’ univerſale cognizione, e che con par-<lb/>ticolar piacere degli Eruditi, nel proprio originale con-<lb/>ſervaſi in potere di chi ha ſteſo la preſente narrativa.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s47" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s48" xml:space="preserve">Ma finalmente ſtanco Teofilo di dimorare fuori della <lb/>Patria, e benchè dotato di ſcarſi beni di fortuna deſi-<lb/>derando accaſarſi per iſtabilire la di lui Famiglia, non <lb/>avendo alcun altro Fratello, ſe ne ritornò in Siena, nel <lb/>1602. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s49" xml:space="preserve">e nel ſuſſeguente anno 1603. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s50" xml:space="preserve">ſposò Camilla di Fortu-<lb/>nio Jacomini, Cittadina Saneſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s51" xml:space="preserve">Ne ottenne da queſta don-<lb/>na in progreſſo di tempo numeroſi Figliuoli, che furo-<lb/>no, Claudio il maggiore, che ſi accasò di poi con Aleſſan-<lb/>dra di Fabio Fondi, de’ quali nacque altro Teoſilo, e da que-<lb/>ſti Maria Aleſſandra, che dopo eſſer rimaſta Vedova d’ <lb/>un certo Medico del cognome de’ Bertoni, paſsò alle ſe-<lb/>conde nozze con Giuſeppe Luti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s52" xml:space="preserve">Fauſto il ſecondogenito, <lb/>che ſeguì in gran parte gli ſtudj Paterni delle Mate-<lb/>matiche, e tra gli Accademici Intronati fece conoſcere eſ-<lb/>ſer degno Figliuolo di Teofilo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s53" xml:space="preserve">e in oltre di maſchi, <lb/>nacquero Carlo, Alberto, Angelo, e Bernardino, che profeſ-<lb/>sò le materie legali, e divenne non ordinario Giurecon-<lb/>ſulto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s54" xml:space="preserve">e di Femmine, Fraſia, Bartolommea, e Virginia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s55" xml:space="preserve">al-<lb/>cuni di queſti morti nell’ età fanciulleſca, e altri paſſa-<lb/>ti a diverſe Religioni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s56" xml:space="preserve">e le Femmine maritate in Fa-<lb/>miglie onorate, e civili.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s57" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s58" xml:space="preserve">Trattenendoſi dunque Teoſilo in Siena, continuamente <lb/>frequentava le Accademie degl’ Intronati, e de’ Filomati, <lb/>alle quali era aſcritto, e in eſſe facea bene ſpeſſo ſpiccare i <lb/>ſuoi talenti con iſtoriche diſſertazioni, e Poetici compo-<lb/>nimenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s59" xml:space="preserve">poichè nelle prime, compoſe l’ Antiquario Politi-<lb/>co, e Gentilizio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s60" xml:space="preserve">Una raccolta di Proſe, e di Lettere Toſcane, <lb/>dei Secoli XIII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s61" xml:space="preserve">e XIV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s62" xml:space="preserve">Altro Trattato dell’ Origine e avanza-<lb/>mento della Città di Siena; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s63" xml:space="preserve">In re Militari, atque Medica nefa-<lb/>ſti dies; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s64" xml:space="preserve">la ſtoria di Partavita F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s65" xml:space="preserve">e paſſata all’ altra vita con <lb/>fama di non ordinaria ſantità, la madre Suor Paſcitea Crogi <lb/>Fondatrice delle Cappuccine di Siena l’ anno 1615. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s66" xml:space="preserve">ne ſcriſſe la <pb o="viij" file="0012" n="12"/> vita; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s67" xml:space="preserve">E nelle Poeſie compoſe, oltre a molti Sonetti, <lb/>Capitoli, o Canzoni nella Toſcana lingua, e nella Latina <lb/>Epigrammi, Elegie, e Poemi, le Commedie, intitolate La <lb/>Modana Geroglifica, e la Modana Celeſte, e ſpiegò moral-<lb/>mente i cento Proverbj.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s68" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s69" xml:space="preserve">Conversò continuamente co’ più celebri Letterati dell’ <lb/>età ſua; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s70" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſempre l’accolſero, l’aſcoltarono con di-<lb/>ſtinta dimoſtrazione di ſtima, e d’affetto, Celſo Cittadi-<lb/>ni, Alcibiade Lucacini, Belliſario Bulgonini, il gran Filoſo-<lb/>fo Franceſco Piccolomini, Diomede Borgbeſi, Scipione, Girola-<lb/>mo, e Celſo Bargagli, Giugurta Tommaſi, ed altri non po-<lb/>chi paeſani, e Foreſtieri, tutti uomini chiari, e rino-<lb/>mati appreſſo la Repubblica intiera delle Lettere, per l’ <lb/>opere loro colle ſtampe pubblicate.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s71" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s72" xml:space="preserve">Accompagnava il Gallaccini le occupazioni Letterarie <lb/>colle più ſingolari eroiche virtù Criſtiane, poichè non ci era <lb/>Compagnia Laicale di più ſtretta oſſervanza, che egli <lb/>non frequentaſſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s73" xml:space="preserve">converſava bene ſpeſſo co’Regolari di <lb/>maggior perfezione, frequentava i Sacramenti, e i Sa-<lb/>cri Oratorj; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s74" xml:space="preserve">umile nel portamento, abbietto ne’ veſti-<lb/>menti, alieno dalle Pompe mondane, e tutto intento <lb/>nell’ amminiſtrazione della Gioventù, e nell’ educazione <lb/>de’ proprj Figliuoli.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s75" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s76" xml:space="preserve">Se era talmente dilatata la fama, eil grido delle vir-<lb/>tù morali di Teoſilo, molto più creſceva il nome delle <lb/>ſtudioſe materie, che poſſedeva, e particolarmente delle <lb/>matematiche; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s77" xml:space="preserve">per lo che vacando nell’ anno 1621. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s78" xml:space="preserve">per <lb/>la morte del celebre Guglielmo Gangioli, nell’Univerſità <lb/>Saneſe la Cattedra di quella ſcienza, dal Sereniſſimo <lb/>Gran Duca Coſimo II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s79" xml:space="preserve">con onorato ſtipendio venne pro-<lb/>moſſo a quella Lettura il Gallaccini, il quale di poi leſſe, ed <lb/>inſegnò per tutto quel tempo, che ſopravviſſe; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s80" xml:space="preserve">ſe non che, <lb/>due anni dopo, nell’ anno 1623. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s81" xml:space="preserve">gli fu ingiunto il peſo d’ <lb/>inſegnare ancora la Logica, e la Filoſofia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s82" xml:space="preserve">e così iſtruen-<lb/>do nell’una, e nell’altra ſcienza la numeroſa Scolareſ-<lb/>ca, tanto Oltramontana, che Italiana, e Paeſana, che <lb/>correva affollata ad aſcoltarlo, ne ritraſſero da un così <pb o="ix" file="0013" n="13"/> dotto Maeſtro non ordinario frutto, e divennero non <lb/>pochi eccellenti Filoſofi, e Matematici. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s83" xml:space="preserve">Troppo m’ <lb/>eſtenderei, ſe io mi poneſſi in queſto breve racconto a far <lb/>menzione di tutti gli Scolari, o almeno di quelli, che <lb/>maggior profitto ne ritraſſero, perchè ſon così nume-<lb/>roſi, che facilmente ſe n’empierebbe un groſſo Volu-<lb/>me; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s84" xml:space="preserve">onde baſterà ſolamente accennarli in genere, per-<lb/>chè il ſolo nome del Gallaccini rimane per anche chia-<lb/>ro, e paleſe non ſolo in Siena, ma per tutta l’Italia. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s85" xml:space="preserve">Mentre era tutto intento Teofilo all’inſegnamento della <lb/>Filoſofia, e della Matematica, fu di nuovo per la ter-<lb/>za volta riſtampata in Siena nel 1628. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s86" xml:space="preserve">per Ercole Govi, <lb/>un anno dopo la morte dell’ Autore, la Grammatica, o <lb/>ſiano Regole per apprendere perfettamente la lingua Toſcana <lb/>del tanto rinomato Celſo Cittadini, e benchè veniſſe uni-<lb/>verſalmente acclamata queſt’ Opera, nondimeno il noſtro <lb/>Gallaccini non potendo in molte parti concorrere nel <lb/>ſentimento di quel di lui grand’ Amico, preſe a ſcrive-<lb/>re ſu tali materie, e compoſe nel 1629. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s87" xml:space="preserve">quell’ eruditiſ-<lb/>ſima, e dottiſſima Opera, che nel proprio Originale con <lb/>gran geloſia preſſo me ſteſſo conſervaſi, e che ha per <lb/>titolo, i Sinonimi della Lingua Toſcana, dove con grazia, <lb/>con forza, e con validiſſime autorità, e con dotte oſ-<lb/>ſervazioni, appoggiate a documenti, a Iſcrizioni, e a <lb/>Scrittori, ribatte, e confuta in gran parte l’opinioni <lb/>del Cittadini, e fa vedere, come in Italia, e particolar-<lb/>mente in Toſcana ſia ſtato introdotto il giuſto, vero, <lb/>e puro Dialetto, e da qual principio, e cagione abbiano <lb/>ſortito la loro origine diverſe voci, e vocaboli, e come <lb/>ne’ tempi dell’ Autore ſi doveſſero ſcrivere, e pronunziare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s88" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s89" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente carico d’anni, perchè di 76. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s90" xml:space="preserve">compiuti, <lb/>e di meriti per tante Opere ſcritte, e compoſte, benchè <lb/>niuna, niuna fin ora publicata colle ſtampe, morì Teo-<lb/>filo Gallaccini in Siena il 27. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s91" xml:space="preserve">del Meſe d’ Aprile dell’ an-<lb/>no 1641. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s92" xml:space="preserve">univerſalmente compianto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s93" xml:space="preserve">e fu interrato il dì <lb/>poi nella Chieſa de’PP. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s94" xml:space="preserve">Pred. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s95" xml:space="preserve">di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s96" xml:space="preserve">Domenico, nel ſepolcro di <lb/>Fraſia Molandi ſua Madre.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s97" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="x" file="0014" n="14"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s98" xml:space="preserve">Le autorità, dalle quali ſono ſtate eſtratte le ſopraſcritte notizie, ſono:</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s99" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s100" xml:space="preserve">L’Albero Genealogico della Famiglia Gallaccini, compilato da Celſo Cit-<lb/>tadini, che prova ad evidenza eſſere ſtata un’ iſteſſa della Famiglia Bettini, <lb/>che produſſe il tanto rinomato Antonio Bettini Geſuato di Fuligno, Autore <lb/>del Monte Santo di Dio, e d’altre numeroſe opere Teologiche.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s101" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s102" xml:space="preserve">Il Padre Iſidoro Ugungieri nelle Pompe Saneſi Parte I. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s103" xml:space="preserve">Tit. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s104" xml:space="preserve">XXI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s105" xml:space="preserve">a c. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s106" xml:space="preserve">676. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s107" xml:space="preserve">e nella Terza Parte manoſcritta.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s108" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s109" xml:space="preserve">I Ruoli de’ Lettori dell’ Univerſità Saneſe, eſiſtenti nell’ Archivio del Mae-<lb/>ſtrato di Balia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s110" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s111" xml:space="preserve">I Regiſtri de’ Dottori di Filoſofia, e Medicina appreſſo i reſpettivi Col-<lb/>legj.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s112" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s113" xml:space="preserve">I Libri della reſidenza de’Soggetti innalzati al ſupremo grado della Signoria <lb/>di Siena, addimandati i Leoni.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s114" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s115" xml:space="preserve">Giulio Mancini nel ragguaglio ſtorico, manoſcritto delle coſe più notabili <lb/>di Siena.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s116" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s117" xml:space="preserve">Giulio Piccolomini, nel ſuo Libro manoſcritto, intitolato Siena illuſtre.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s118" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s119" xml:space="preserve">Le memorie eſiſtenti preſſo gli Eredi del ſoprannominato Teofilo, e partico-<lb/>larmente preſſo Maria Aleſſandra Gallaccini ne’ſuoi Luti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s120" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s121" xml:space="preserve">Le di lui Opere manoſcritte, in gran parte conſervate preſſo di me Gio: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s122" xml:space="preserve">Antonio Cav. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s123" xml:space="preserve">Pecci.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s124" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s125" xml:space="preserve">Diverſe altre memorie, ſcritture, Autori, e documenti ſparſi preſſo diverſi <lb/>Soggetti della Città di Siena.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s126" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s127" xml:space="preserve">II regiſtro de’ Nati, e Battezzati in Siena, conſervato nell’ Archivio del <lb/>Maeſtrato, detto di Biccherna.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s128" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s129" xml:space="preserve">Altro regiſtro de’ Morti nella Pieve di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s130" xml:space="preserve">Gio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s131" xml:space="preserve">Battiſta, conſervato nell’ <lb/>Archivio Arciveſcovile.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s132" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s133" xml:space="preserve">E il Necrologio dei ſepolti nella Chieſa de’ Padri Predicatori di Siena To-<lb/>mo II.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s134" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="xi" file="0015" n="15"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div4" type="section" level="1" n="4"> <head xml:id="echoid-head6" xml:space="preserve">TAVOLA <lb/>DEICAPITOLI</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head7" xml:space="preserve">Contenuti in queſto Libro.</head> <figure> <image file="0015-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0015-01"/> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div5" type="section" level="1" n="5"> <head xml:id="echoid-head8" xml:space="preserve">PARTE PRIMA.</head> <note style="it" position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>Cap. I. DEL Compartimento degli Errori degli Architetti. # pag. 5. <lb/>II. Degli Errori, che ſi commettono avanti il fabbricare. # ivi <lb/>III. Degli Errori, che ſeguono nell’ elezione dei Siti. # 6 <lb/>IV. Degli Errori, che accadono nella mala ſcelta delle Materie. # 8 <lb/>V. Degli Errori della mala elezione dei Fabbricatori. # 13 <lb/>VI. Degli Errori della mala elezione del tempo. # 16 <lb/>VII. Degli Errori, che avvengono nella mala diſpoſizione del diſegno, <lb/># nella mala ordinazione, e nel cattivo comparto. # 17 <lb/>VIII. Del provvedimento uſato dagli Autori Romani contro gli Errori <lb/>delle Fabbriche. # 18 <lb/></note> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div6" type="section" level="1" n="6"> <head xml:id="echoid-head9" xml:space="preserve">PARTE SECONDA.</head> <note style="it" position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>I. Degli Errori, che occorrono nel fabbricare. # pag. 23 <lb/>II. Degli Errori, che ſi fanno nei fondamenti. # ivi <lb/>III. Degli Errori, che accadono nella proporzione delle parti. # 32 <lb/>IV. Degli Errori della diſpoſizione del compartimento. # 37 <lb/>V. Degli Errori degli Architetti nel collocar le coſe fuor del lor <lb/># luogo. # 38 <lb/>VI. Degli Errori, che conſiſtono nell’ abuſo di alcuni ornamenti intro-<lb/># dotti dagli Architetti moderni. # 44 <lb/>VII. Degli Errori, che accadono nella inoſſervanza del decoro. # 49 <lb/>VIII. Degli Errori, che dagli Architetti ſi permettono, mentre i mi-<lb/># niſtri uſano cattivo ammaſſamento, e mala ſtruttura di mattoni e <lb/># di pietre, facendo mala compoſizione di muraglia. # 50 <lb/>IX. Degli Errori nella ſuperſtuità, e nel difetto. # 53 <lb/>X. Degli Errori della mutazione dell’ordine delle parti, dell’uſo e <lb/># della mala corriſpondenza loro. # 56 <lb/></note> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div7" type="section" level="1" n="7"> <head xml:id="echoid-head10" xml:space="preserve">PARTE TERZA.</head> <note style="it" position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>Cap. I. Degli Errori, che ſi ſcuoprono poichè è ſtato fabbricato. # pag. 59 <lb/>II. Degli Errori, che avvengono nei coprimenti. # 61 <lb/>III. Degli Errori, che avvengono per la poca, e non diligente cura <lb/># intorno alle fabbriche fatte. # 65 <lb/>IV. Degli Errori, che accadono nella poca avvertenza nei condotti <lb/></note> <pb o="xij" file="0016" n="16"/> <note style="it" position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/># dell’ acque delle ciſterne, e dei pozzi, delle fogne, cioè, delle cloa-<lb/># che e d’ altri luoghi. # 67 <lb/>V. Degli Errori dei cavamenti ſotterranei vicini ai fondamenti del-<lb/># le muraglie. # ivi <lb/>VI. Degli Errori, che accadono nei tagliamenti delle muraglie. # 68 <lb/>VII. Degli Errori, che procedono dalle nuove cariche, le quali ſi pon-<lb/># gono ſopra i muri vecchi. # ivi <lb/>VIII. Degli Errori, che accadono nei riſtauramenti. # 70 <lb/>IX. Quanto importi il non ſervirſi degli Architetti, e il ſidarſi della <lb/># pratica dei miniſtri. # ivi <lb/></note> <pb o="1" file="0017" n="17"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div8" type="section" level="1" n="8"> <head xml:id="echoid-head11" style="it" xml:space="preserve">AMONSIGNORE</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head12" xml:space="preserve">GIULIO MANCINI <lb/>MEDICO E CAMERIERE SEGRETO <lb/>DI N. S. PAPA URBANO VIII.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s135" xml:space="preserve">SON già paſſati due anni, ch’io doveva moſtrare a <lb/>V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s136" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s137" xml:space="preserve">Illuſtriſs. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s138" xml:space="preserve">e Reverendiſs. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s139" xml:space="preserve">l’Operetta mia degli <lb/>errori degli Architetti, avendogliela promeſſa quando <lb/>mi trovava in Roma di paſſaggio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s140" xml:space="preserve">Ma perchè non mi <lb/>pareva convenevole condurla innanzi a Lei di pochiſſi-<lb/>ma età, e quaſi in faſce, onde non Le avrebbe recata <lb/>ſoddisfazione alcuna; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s141" xml:space="preserve">perciò ho indugiato fino a queſto <lb/>tempo, pel quale è già<unsure/> creſciuta in età perfetta, ed in <lb/>maniera, che può favellando eſprimere il ſuo concetto: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s142" xml:space="preserve">benchè forſe non ſia giunta a quella perfezione, che poſ-<lb/>ſa ſommamente piacere a Lei, ed agli altri cagionar qual-<lb/>che maraviglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s143" xml:space="preserve">Pure, comunque ella ſia, la rappreſen-<lb/>to avanti a V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s144" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s145" xml:space="preserve">Illuſtriſs. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s146" xml:space="preserve">e Reverendiſs. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s147" xml:space="preserve">in abito di <lb/>nuova Spoſa fatta bella, e adorna, ſe non come ſi con-<lb/>veniva, acciocchè meglio compariſſe, almeno ſecondo <lb/>che è ſtato poſſibile al troppo debole ingegno mio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s148" xml:space="preserve">L’ <lb/>accolga dunque colla ſua ſolita benignità e corteſia, e <lb/>la favoriſca, donandole, mentre la vede, qualche parte del <lb/>ſuo ſplendore, acciocchè più lieta, e con ardimento mag-<lb/>giore poſſa di ſe medeſima far moſtra chiariſſima in <lb/>coteſto mirabile auguſtiſſimo Teatro delle virtù, delle <lb/>grandezze, e delle dignità maggiori del Mondo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s149" xml:space="preserve">laddo-<lb/>ve a mio nome umile e riverente Le s’inchina, e Le ba-<lb/>cia la Veſta.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s150" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s151" xml:space="preserve">Di V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s152" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s153" xml:space="preserve">Illuſtriſs. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s154" xml:space="preserve">e Reverendiſs.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s155" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div9" type="section" level="1" n="9"> <head xml:id="echoid-head13" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Servitore affezionatiſſimo.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head14" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="sc">Teofilo</emph> <emph style="sc">Gallaccini</emph>.</head> <pb file="0018" n="18"/> <pb o="3" file="0019" n="19"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div10" type="section" level="1" n="10"> <head xml:id="echoid-head15" xml:space="preserve">DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI. <lb/>D I <lb/>TEOFILO GALLACCINI.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head16" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="sc">Insieme con alcuni insegnamenti d’</emph><emph style="sc">Architettura per giovamento</emph> <lb/><emph style="sc">DEGLI</emph> <emph style="sc">Studiosi di tal professione, e di tutti quelli</emph>, <lb/><emph style="sc">CHE HANNO BISOGNO DI FABBRICARE</emph>.</head> <figure> <image file="0019-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0019-01"/> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div11" type="section" level="1" n="11"> <head xml:id="echoid-head17" xml:space="preserve">PARTE PRIMA <lb/><emph style="sc">Il</emph> <emph style="sc">Proemio.</emph></head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s156" xml:space="preserve">SIccome nella Medicina, ſcienza veramente ſalutevole, pregiatiſſima, e per <lb/>l’ origine ſua, divina, e viepiù antica d’ogn’altra, natural magìa maravi-<lb/>glioſa, imitatrice della Natura, e ſua miniſtra, ritrovata per comune ſalute, <lb/>non ſolamente del genere umano, ma ancora degli animali bruti, delle pian-<lb/>te, e de’minerali; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s157" xml:space="preserve">una delle coſe da eſſa propoſte (benchè ci diſpiaccia il no-<lb/>minarla, non che rivolgervi il penſiero) ſi è la cognizione de’veleni: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s158" xml:space="preserve">non per-<lb/>chè ella ſia il ſuo fine, che è l’acquiſto, e il conſervamento della ſanità, e <lb/>conſeguentemente la lunghezza della vita; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s159" xml:space="preserve">nè per l’uſo, il quale a tutte le det-<lb/>te coſe è contrario, e nemico della natura di tutti i viventi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s160" xml:space="preserve">ma perciò che <lb/>dalla cognizione di eſſi poſſiamo imparare a fuggirli per ſicuro conſervamento <lb/>delle vite noſtre; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s161" xml:space="preserve">così nell’ Architettura, miniſtra principale della magnificenza <lb/>de’ Principi, e delle Repubbliche, imitatrice delle opere della Natura, ritrova-<lb/>trice degli umani comodi, degli ornamenti pubblici, e privati, della comune, <lb/>e della particolar difeſa di tutti gli Stati, ed in pace, ed in guerra, e del con-<lb/>ſervamento loro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s162" xml:space="preserve">perizia invero, od arte, della quale non ſi ſdegnano i Prin-<lb/>cipi, e ſe ne gloriano le perſone nobili, non ſolo è naturalmente proporzionata <lb/>agli uomini, come conſueti imitatori del ſovrano Architetto della mirabile ed <lb/>immenſa ſabbrica dell’ Univerſo (onde avviene, che non vi ſia uomo alcuno, <lb/>ſe non è privo d’ingegno, o ſenza l’uſo dell’intelletto, e della ragione, che non <lb/>ſi diletti del fabbricare) ma ancora convenevole ai Re, ed Imperadori, ai <lb/>Monarchi del Mondo, ed ai Pontefici, eſſendo un mezzo ſufficientiſſimo, col <lb/>quale in gran parte poſſono far mirabil moſtra dell’eroica virtù, e della ma-<lb/>gnificenza loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s163" xml:space="preserve">Queſta, come un bene, e un ornamento politico, nobiliſſima-<lb/>mente appariſce nella diverſità delle fabbriche delle Città, e dei Regni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s164" xml:space="preserve">In que-<lb/>ſta, io dico, la cognizione di tutti quelli errori, che talvolta accadono, è una <lb/>di quelle coſe (benchè per ſua natural condizione ſia rea, e dannoſa) per av-<lb/>vertimento della quale avevamo penſato di giovare, non intendendo, che la <lb/>propoſta di eſſi ſerva per inſegnare a ciaſcuno il modo di commetter gli errori <lb/>nell’Architettura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s165" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè, ſiccome il fine d’ogni ſcienza contemplativa ſi <lb/>è il ritrovamento della verità delle coſe, e non della menzogna; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s166" xml:space="preserve">e d’ogni ſcien-<lb/>za morale il trovare il buono, il giuſto, l’oneſto, ed il convenevole: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s167" xml:space="preserve">così il <lb/>fine d’ogn’arte è il non far errore nell’operare, non partendoſi giammai dalla <lb/>diritta ragione della pratica ſua. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s168" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè fra le Arti umane non ve ne <lb/>ha alcuna, che inſegni a peccare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s169" xml:space="preserve">anzi il ſolo maeſtro ne è il mal uſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s170" xml:space="preserve">Ma <lb/>per introdurre la cognizione degli errori dell’Architettura male uſata, affinchè <lb/>alcuno ſtudioſo di tal profeſſione poſſa imparare a fuggirli, ed in eſſa divenire <lb/>eccellentiſſimo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s171" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè errando s’impari, ed imparando s’acquiſti con <lb/>perſezione qualunque abito di ſcienza, e d’arte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s172" xml:space="preserve">poichè l’errore, bene oſſer-<lb/>vando, ne conduce alla notizia della coſa mal fatta, e queſta ci fa conoſcer l’ <lb/>opera buona e perfetta, tale eſſendo la natura de’contrarj, che l’ uno ſi cono-<lb/>ſca per l’altro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s173" xml:space="preserve">Avendo adunque per le ragioni inteſe conoſciuto, di quanto gio-<lb/>vamento foſſe per eſſere la cognizione degli errori degli Architetti, mi propo-<lb/>ſi di riſtringere in un breve Trattato una parte di eſſi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s174" xml:space="preserve">non già con animo di <pb o="4" file="0020" n="20"/> formar la cenſura contro a ciaſcuno, ma con volontà d’inſegnare col mezzo di <lb/>tal cognizione la buona, e regolata Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s175" xml:space="preserve">Il che manifeſtamente dimo-<lb/>ſtreremo, tacendo i nomi degli Architetti particolari, baſtandoci ſolo l’eſami-<lb/>nare gli errori di ciaſcuno indifferentemente, ſeguendo il noſtro principale in-<lb/>ſtituto, che è il giovare inſegnando, fuggendo di biaſimar ciaſcuno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s176" xml:space="preserve">E ſicco-<lb/>me, acciocchè meglio ſi paleſi l’intenzione di chiunque prende a ſcrivere di <lb/>qualſivoglia materia, dee proporſi l’argomento, e l’idea di tutta l’opera; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s177" xml:space="preserve">così <lb/>noi avanti di porci a ſcrivere degli errori degli Architetti, proporremo l’idea <lb/>di queſto Libro, ordinandola nell’appreſſo guiſa.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s178" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div12" type="section" level="1" n="12"> <head xml:id="echoid-head18" xml:space="preserve">IDEA DEL LIBRO.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s179" xml:space="preserve">GLi errori degli Architetti ſi commettono, o prima di fabbricare, o nel <lb/>fabbricare; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s180" xml:space="preserve">O ſi ſcuoprono, poi che ſi è fabbricato.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s181" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div13" type="section" level="1" n="13"> <head xml:id="echoid-head19" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="sc">Prima di fabbricare, e tutto questo nella prima parte</emph>.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s182" xml:space="preserve">Nell’elezione dei Siti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s183" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s184" xml:space="preserve">Nella mala ſcelta delle materie.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s185" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s186" xml:space="preserve">Nella rea elezione de’fabbricatori.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s187" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s188" xml:space="preserve">Nella mala elezione del tempo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s189" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s190" xml:space="preserve">Nel diſegno mal diſpoſto, e male ordinato, e mal compartito.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s191" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div14" type="section" level="1" n="14"> <head xml:id="echoid-head20" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="sc">Nel fabbricare, e cio’ nella seconda parte</emph>.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s192" xml:space="preserve">Ne’ fondamenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s193" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s194" xml:space="preserve">Nella proporzione delle parti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s195" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s196" xml:space="preserve">Nella diſpoſizione del componimento.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s197" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s198" xml:space="preserve">Nel collocar le coſe fuor del luogo loro conveniente.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s199" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s200" xml:space="preserve">Nell’abuſo d’alcuni ornamenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s201" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s202" xml:space="preserve">Nel decoro.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s203" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s204" xml:space="preserve">Nel cattivo ammaſſamento, e nella ſtruttura de’mattoni, e delle pietre, e <lb/>della mala compoſizione dei muri.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s205" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s206" xml:space="preserve">Nella ſuperfluità, e nel difetto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s207" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s208" xml:space="preserve">Nella mutazione dell’ ordine delle parti, dell’uſo loro, e della mala cor-<lb/>riſpondenza fra eſſe.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s209" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div15" type="section" level="1" n="15"> <head xml:id="echoid-head21" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="sc">Poiche’ si e’ fabbricato, e questo nella terza parte</emph>.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s210" xml:space="preserve">Nei coprimenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s211" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s212" xml:space="preserve">Nella poco diligente cura uſata intorno alle fabbriche.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s213" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s214" xml:space="preserve">Nella poca avvertenza dei condotti dell’acque, delle ciſterne, dei pozzi, <lb/>delle fontane, e delle peſchiere: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s215" xml:space="preserve">delle cloache, e d’altre coſe tali.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s216" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s217" xml:space="preserve">Nei cavamenti ſotterranei vicini ai fondamenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s218" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s219" xml:space="preserve">Nei tagliamenti delle muraglie.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s220" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s221" xml:space="preserve">Nei nuovi carichi, che ſi pongono ſopra le muraglie vecchie.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s222" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s223" xml:space="preserve">Nei riſtauramenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s224" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="5" file="0021" n="21" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div16" type="section" level="1" n="16"> <head xml:id="echoid-head22" xml:space="preserve">CAPO I. <lb/>Del Compartimento degli errori degli Architetti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s225" xml:space="preserve">TUtti gli effetti, e tutte le opere di qualunque Arte operativa ſi diſtinguo-<lb/>no ſecondo tre tempi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s226" xml:space="preserve">perciocchè ogni movimento, ed ogni eſercizio ſi <lb/>miſura col tempo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s227" xml:space="preserve">Il primo tempo ſi è avanti, che l’opera ſia poſta in effetto. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s228" xml:space="preserve">Il ſecondo, nel corſo ſteſſo, nel quale ſi fa, cioè nell’atto dell’operare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s229" xml:space="preserve">Il ter-<lb/>zo, quando la ſteſſa coſa è fatta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s230" xml:space="preserve">E perchè in queſti tre tempi ſi ſcorge la <lb/>perfezione, e il difetto, cioè nella preelezione, o nell’atto d’operare, o nel ter-<lb/>mine ultimo di tutta la pratica, che è l’opera condotta al ſuo fine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s231" xml:space="preserve">pertanto <lb/>ſi proporranno gli errori degli Architetti, cagionati, o dal difetto dell’elegge-<lb/>re, o dall’operare, o dal concluder l’opera, e nella cura di eſſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s232" xml:space="preserve">diſtinguen-<lb/>dogli in tre tempi, cioè, avanti al fabbricare, nel fabbricare, e poi che ſi è <lb/>fabbricato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s233" xml:space="preserve">Ma per dar principio, nel ſecondo capitolo ſi tratterà degli errori <lb/>commeſſi prima di fabbricare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s234" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div17" type="section" level="1" n="17"> <head xml:id="echoid-head23" xml:space="preserve">CAPO II. <lb/>Degli errori, che ſi commettono avanti al fabbricare.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s235" xml:space="preserve">GLI errori, che avvengono prima di fabbricare, ſono i maggiori, e i più <lb/>importanti, che poſſano accadere in qualunque ragion di fabbrica, per <lb/>cagione de’ grandiſſimi pericoli, che ne ſuccedono: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s236" xml:space="preserve">ſi perchè vengono da man-<lb/>camento di providenza, la quale è la prima regola, che conduce a buon fine <lb/>ogni pratica operazione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s237" xml:space="preserve">e ſi ancora per le molte male conſeguenze, che ri-<lb/>ſultano da tali diſetti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s238" xml:space="preserve">onde ſi dice, che un piccolo errore da principio, ſi fa <lb/>maggiore nel fine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s239" xml:space="preserve">E queſti tali errori nel principio del fabbricare ſi com-<lb/>mettono per più cagioni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s240" xml:space="preserve">O dalla confuſione dei diſegni, o dalla mancanza di <lb/>buon giudice, o dalla ſcelta di peggiori operatori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s241" xml:space="preserve">o per affetto, o per favore, <lb/>o per falſa opinione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s242" xml:space="preserve">ovvero dall’inclinare per imperfezione umana più ai peg-<lb/>giori, che ai migliori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s243" xml:space="preserve">o dal volere ſpender poco, o per avarizia, o per di-<lb/>fetto di facoltà; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s244" xml:space="preserve">o dalla mancanza del primo Architetto, il quale, fatto il di-<lb/>ſegno, non s’impaccia più dell’opera; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s245" xml:space="preserve">tantochè, nè altro Architetto, nè Ca-<lb/>pomaeſtro Muratore è valevole ad eſeguir perfettamente l’intenzione del pri-<lb/>mo, ſiccome ſi ſcorge nelle fabbriche grandi, alle quali non baſta l’età d’un <lb/>uomo per condurle a fine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s246" xml:space="preserve">onde paſſando ſotto diverſe mani, s’allontanano dall’ <lb/>intenzione dell’ inventore del primo diſegno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s247" xml:space="preserve">E però avendoſi a fabbricare è <lb/>meglio fare ſcelta d’ un componimento mediocre, purchè ſia onorevole, che d’ <lb/>un troppo grande, benchè nell’aſpetto dimoſtri più maeſtà. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s248" xml:space="preserve">O da ingegnero po-<lb/>co accorto, men ſaputo, e molto meno eſercitato nella ſua profeſſione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s249" xml:space="preserve">o dall’ <lb/>avarizia di chi fa fabbricare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s250" xml:space="preserve">o dalla troppa confidenza, che ſi ha negli arte-<lb/>fici: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s251" xml:space="preserve">o dalla credenza, che hanno i Signori delle fabbriche d’ intenderſi del me-<lb/>ſtiero dell’ Architettura, e del fabbricare, confidati pur troppo in un proverbio <lb/>volgare male inteſo, che non vi ſia il migliore Architetto del Signor della Ca-<lb/>ſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s252" xml:space="preserve">o dal non aver cognizione della mala pratica dei manipolatori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s253" xml:space="preserve">o dal non <lb/>aver provveduto di chi aſſiſta a tutte le operazioni, che ſi richiedono nelle fab-<lb/>briche: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s254" xml:space="preserve">o dallo ſtabilire un tempo determinato, e breve, nel cui ſpazio quel-<lb/>li, che fanno fabbricare, vogliono che la fabbrica ſi finiſca: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s255" xml:space="preserve">onde le muraglie <lb/>non avendo fatto ugualmente il ſuo poſamento, aggravate dal peſo, eſſendo la-<lb/>vorate di freſco, ſi aprono, e talvolta minacciano rovina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s256" xml:space="preserve">o finalmente dalla <lb/>mala ſcelta della ſtagione del fabbricare, e ſpecialmente nell’inverno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s257" xml:space="preserve">E per <lb/>queſte, e per altre cagioni ſuccedono diverſi e notabili errori intorno al fab-<lb/>bricare, dei quali ragioneremo a parte a parte nei ſeguenti capitoli.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s258" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="6" file="0022" n="22" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div18" type="section" level="1" n="18"> <head xml:id="echoid-head24" xml:space="preserve">CAPO III. <lb/>Degli errori, che ſeguono nella elezione dei ſiti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s259" xml:space="preserve">UNA delle più importanti coſe, che ſi richieggono in tutte le ſpezie delle <lb/>fabbriche, è la buona ſcelta dei ſiti, la quale perchè è la prima di tutte, <lb/>è ancora la più neceſſaria: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s260" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè a qualunque opera d’Architettura ſi <lb/>antepone il Luogo, e il Sito, non generale, ma particolare, in cui ſi ha da <lb/>collocare la fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s261" xml:space="preserve">Laonde da Vitruvio nel 4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s262" xml:space="preserve">Cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s263" xml:space="preserve">del primo Libro ſi an-<lb/>tepone a tutto l’inſegnamento dell’ Architettura, mentre prima che egli tratti <lb/>della fabbrica della Città, e di tutti gli ediſicj, che ſi fanno dentro il circuito <lb/>di eſſa, primieramente c’inſegna le ragioni, e le regole di far buona ſcelta dei <lb/>ſiti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s264" xml:space="preserve">Come ancora ſi fa da Leon Batiſta Alberti nobile Architetto Fiorentino, <lb/>che dopo Vitruvio tiene il primo luogo, dal primo Libro della ſua Architettu-<lb/>ra inſino al nono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s265" xml:space="preserve">Onde noi per queſta ragione imitando queſti Autori pri-<lb/>marj, tratteremo primieramente in queſta prima parte degli errori, che acca-<lb/>dono nella elezione dei Siti, nei quali ſi ha da fabbricare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s266" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s267" xml:space="preserve">I Siti adunque, o ſono di Città, o di luoghi dentro le Città, cioè, ſono o <lb/>di edificj pubblici, o di privati, o di luoghi, che riguardano la ſola comodità, <lb/>o ſolamente l’ornamento, o l’uno, e l’altro inſieme. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s268" xml:space="preserve">Nei ſiti di Città gli er-<lb/>rori poſſono eſſere di più maniere, cioè, o che ſotto aria non ſana, come in <lb/>regione d’aria troppo grave, troppo moleſta, o ſpecialmente d’ aria impura, <lb/>nella quale ſi radunano groſſe, e denſe caligini, e nebbie, puzzolenti vapori, <lb/>e dannevoli impreſſioni, la quale è grave alla viſta, e non ſi può con rimedio <lb/>alcuno riſanare, ſiccome afferma di Venezia Niccolò Maſſa, trattando delle in-<lb/>fermità cagionate dall’aria peſtilenziale l’anno MDLV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s269" xml:space="preserve">favellando in queſto <lb/>modo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s270" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s271" xml:space="preserve">E ſebbene quei delle Iſtorie di quel tempo, ed anche molti Medici ſcrivo-<lb/>no, che il divino Ipocrate cacciaſſe la peſtilenza d’ Atene frequentando fuochi <lb/>per tutta la Città, e ancora il non mai a baſtanza lodato Galeno il medeſi-<lb/>mo faceſſe a Roma, a rimuover la peſtilenza dell’aria; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s272" xml:space="preserve">nientedimeno in queſta <lb/>così gran Città con le ſopraddette condizioni, io non ſo come ſi poteſſe far <lb/>queſto, e maſſime dove ſempre abbiamo mali vapori, che ſi alzano da così gran <lb/>laghi, e da paludi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s273" xml:space="preserve">e non ſolo queſti, ma ancora quelli, che vengono dalle <lb/>valli del continente, molte volte putridi, menati però da venti di terra, che <lb/>la notte ſi levano, e durano quaſi fino a mezzo giorno, molte volte tutto il <lb/>giorno, e la notte, e per più giorni continui: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s274" xml:space="preserve">nè la quantità degli abitatori è <lb/>ſufficiente a correggerla intieramente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s275" xml:space="preserve">così ancora dove l’aria ſia groſſa, e che <lb/>toſto riceva ſtemperamento di freddo, o di caldo, e lo ritenga lungo tempo; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s276" xml:space="preserve">e dove non ſarà agitata da venti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s277" xml:space="preserve">perciocchè ella, come l’acqua, ſi puriſica col <lb/>movimento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s278" xml:space="preserve">o che ſieno i Siti in regione eſpoſta a venti non ſalutiferi, come <lb/>a’venti Auſtrali, che ſecondo l’opinion d’ Ipocrate, di Teofraſto, e di Plinio, <lb/>ſon più noc<unsure/>ivi d’ ogni altro vento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s279" xml:space="preserve">e gli Occidentali, ſecondo il parere d’altri <lb/>Autori, non ſon molto buoni per la ſanità dei luoghi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s280" xml:space="preserve">perciocchè per la paſ-<lb/>ſata ripercuſſione dei raggi del Sole di tutto il giorno, ridotto il Sole nella <lb/>quarta d’Occidente, accreſce il calore, onde i Siti rimangono ſenza reſrigerio <lb/>alcuno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s281" xml:space="preserve">oppure ſieno Siti, che abbiano di contro montagne, le quali chiuda-<lb/>no il paſſo ai venti ſalutiferi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s282" xml:space="preserve">ovvero che ſieno in terreno ſterile, ed in luogo <lb/>deſerto, dove per diſetto di vitto non ſi poſſano ſoſtentar gli abitanti, i quali <lb/>non poſſon ricever utile alcuno dalla coltivazione del terreno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s283" xml:space="preserve">e volendo poi <lb/>abitarvi ſono neceſſitati a condurre i viveri da paeſi lontani, il che coſta lor <lb/>caro, o è loro negato, o impedito, o rubato per via, e talvolta convien loro <lb/>prenderlo non buono, ed alterato, o vien loro condotto inſetto di contagione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s284" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>o ſieno poſte in luogo, che ſia nido di grandiſſima copia di ſiere, o di ani-<lb/>mali velenoſi, e mortiſeri, onde non vi ſi poſſa abitare, o per la grandiſſima <lb/>ſalvatichezza, difficilmente ſi poſſa addomeſticare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s285" xml:space="preserve">o per eſſer ſolitario, non è <pb o="7" file="0023" n="23" rhead="PARTE PRIMA"/> ſenza qualche mala qualità d’aria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s286" xml:space="preserve">Tale era, ſiccome ſi ritrae da Varrone, <lb/>quella parte della Gallia, che egli trovò di là dal Reno, come riferiſce Leon <lb/>Batiſta Alberti nel 4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s287" xml:space="preserve">Cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s288" xml:space="preserve">del primo Libro dell’Architettura, e della ſteſſa con-<lb/>dizione è l’ Inghilterra, come racconta Ceſare: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s289" xml:space="preserve">o che il terreno ſia privo d’ <lb/>acque, quale era il ſito della Città, che da Democrate ſi diſegnava di fabbri-<lb/>care ad Aleſſandro Magno nel monte Ato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s290" xml:space="preserve">o che il luogo eletto per fondarvi <lb/>la Città abbia intorno i campi magri, le colline nude di buona terra, e quel-<lb/>la poca, che vi è, infruttiſera, e tutta ripiena di pietre, e di piante ſpinoſe, <lb/>ed inutili: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s291" xml:space="preserve">ovvero che il ſito per natura non ſia forte, onde per ſe ſteſſo non <lb/>ſi poſſa difendere dalle offeſe de’nemici; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s292" xml:space="preserve">benchè per arte ſi poſſa render forte; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s293" xml:space="preserve">nondimeno è molto meglio la fortificazione, che ſi riceve dalla Natura, che <lb/>con poco ajuto dell’arte, e con molto minore ſpeſa, ſi conduce a perfezione <lb/>conforme al biſogno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s294" xml:space="preserve">o che ſia in luogo troppo aſpro, e troppo malagevole a <lb/>praticarvi, ſiccome era il ſito di quella Città, che Caligola aveva ordinato, che <lb/>ſi fabbricaſſe ſopra le Alpi, luoghi, ove non ſi dee collocar Città, ſenza eſſer <lb/>forzato da neceſſità alcuna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s295" xml:space="preserve">Sebbene, quando ei l’aveſſe edificata con buona forti-<lb/>ficazione, e ben munita, eſſendo nei confini naturali dell’ Italia, ſarebbe ſtata <lb/>una chiave, e un propugnacolo di eſſa, onde impedite le genti barbare, non ſareb-<lb/>bero più paſſate a danneggiarla, ed a ſoggiogarla: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s296" xml:space="preserve">la qual coſa fu molto ben conſide-<lb/>rata da Franceſco Petrarca, il quale quaſi preſago, pare, che abbia preveduto il <lb/>molto danno, che ella ha ricevuto dal paſſo degli Oltramontani, che non ſolo <lb/>hanno potuto ſaccheggiarla, ma dominarla, e porla ſotto un duro, e perpetuo <lb/>giogo, che ancora ſi mantiene ai tempi noſtri; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s297" xml:space="preserve">e però diſſe figuratamente nomi-<lb/>nando una parte dei popoli ſtranieri in vece di tutti: </s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s298" xml:space="preserve">Ben provvide Natura al noſtro ſtato, <lb/>Quando dell’ Alpi ſchermo <lb/>Poſe fra noi, e la Tedeſca rabbia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s299" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Ma forſe non è piaciuto a Dio, che all’Italia ſia ſucceduta cotanta ventura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s300" xml:space="preserve">La <lb/>qual coſa è ſtata poi imitata con traverſamento di muraglia da’popoli della China <lb/>nei confini dei loro Stati, per chiudere il paſſo alle incurſioni ſtraniere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s301" xml:space="preserve">E ſicco-<lb/>me racconta il ſopraddetto Alberti nel X. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s302" xml:space="preserve">Libro dell’ Architettura nel medeſimo <lb/>Capitolo, Artaſerſe fra ſe, e il nemico fece una foſſa larga ſeſſanta piedi preſſo <lb/>all’Eufrate, e lunga diecimila paſſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s303" xml:space="preserve">E i Ceſari, fra i quali fu Adriano, fecero <lb/>un muro per l’ Inghilterra lungo ottantaquattro miglia, col quale diviſero i cam-<lb/>pi dei Barbari da quelli dei Romani. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s304" xml:space="preserve">Antonino Pio fabbricò nell’ Iſola medeſima <lb/>un muro di piote, cioè di zolle di terra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s305" xml:space="preserve">Severo dipoi a traverſo dell’Iſola da <lb/>un capo all’altro fino al mare fece un argine di centoventiduemila paſſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s306" xml:space="preserve">Appreſ-<lb/>ſo la Margiana Provincia dell’India, Antioco Sotero, dove edificò Antiochia, <lb/>cinſe la provincia intorno d’un muro lungo quindicimila ſtadj: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s307" xml:space="preserve">e Seſoſtri lungo <lb/>l’Egitto verſo l’Arabia, fece un muro da Peluſio ſino alla Città del Sole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s308" xml:space="preserve">O fi-<lb/>nalmente il ſito ſia paludoſo, vicino a ſtagni, a lagune, e acque ferme, putri-<lb/>de, ed immonde, e a luoghi minerali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s309" xml:space="preserve">Negli edificj pubblici talvolta ſi veggono <lb/>errori di grandiſſima conſiderazione, come quando ſi fabbricano Porti non molto <lb/>capaci, nè ſicuri dai venti, non forti, fatti di mala ſtruttura, mal fondati, faci-<lb/>li a riempirſi di rena, di terra, o d’immondezze, ſiccome ſono i Porti di Na-<lb/>poli, e d’Ancona, i quali, quando vi ſi uſaſſe diligenza in vuotargli, e riſtau-<lb/>rargli, ſarebbero migliori, e più capaci; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s310" xml:space="preserve">in uno d’eſſi, cioè in quel d’Ancona <lb/>eſſendovi naturalmente il difetto del Monte di San Ciriaco, che gli ſta a cavalie-<lb/>re, ed acquiſtando maggior luogo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s311" xml:space="preserve">Ma quello di Napoli ſi renderebbe migliore, <lb/>qualora gli ſi cambiaſſe il Sito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s312" xml:space="preserve">Così ancora quando un Ponte aveſſe poco fon-<lb/>do, o non riuſciſſe comodo alla Città, preſſo la quale foſſe collocato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s313" xml:space="preserve">o quando <lb/>ſi faceſſe non iſcegliendoſi comodo luogo alle ſtrade, e quando il letto del fiume <lb/>e le ſponde, non hanno ſaldezza alcuna, ſicchè non ſi poſſan difendere dallo <lb/>ſcalzamento fatto dalle acque correnti, dal calcamento cagionato dal peſo, mo-<lb/>vendoſi il terreno inumidito, il quale forza la muraglia poſtagli ſopra ad accom- <pb o="8" file="0024" n="24" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> pagnare il ſuo movimento, come ſuol fare la creta, onde ſi muovono i pilaſtri, <lb/>e le moli, o calando al baſſo, o traſcorrendo, ſi rompono gli archi, e tutta l’o-<lb/>pera va in rovina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s314" xml:space="preserve">o ſe non aveſſe i fianchi cominciati oltre alle ſponde del fiu-<lb/>me, o del torrente, e nel terreno più ſaldo, acciocchè, allargato l’alveo, anche <lb/>il ponte rimanga dentro terra, ſenza ſcalzamento alcuno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s315" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente nelle fab-<lb/>briche d’altri luoghi pubblici, come ſono di Tribunali, di Studj, o d’Accade-<lb/>mie, di Dogane, e d’altri, cioè quando non ſaranno molto capaci, mal compar-<lb/>titi, privi di molte comodità neceſſarie, e mal collocati: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s316" xml:space="preserve">o nelle fabbriche delle <lb/>Chieſe, di Spedali, o di Monaſterj, come quando ſon collocati in luoghi lontani, <lb/>o fondati alle rive de’fiumi, e delle rupi, che del continuo ſgrottano, e rovina-<lb/>no, ed in terreno di non continua ſaldezza, o cavernoſo, ed a cui ſoggiaccia qual-<lb/>che altra ſpecie di terra, che non poſſa far reſiſtenza al peſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s317" xml:space="preserve">o difficili ad an-<lb/>darvi, o troppo baſſi, o ſuperati da grotte, dalle quali ſi partecipi alcuna conti-<lb/>nua umidità, o qualche rovina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s318" xml:space="preserve">o troppo anguſti, ſicchè la fabbrica non poſſa <lb/>ricevere quella capacità, e quella forma, che ſe le richiede: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s319" xml:space="preserve">o quando il luo-<lb/>go ſia vicino a paludi, a draghe, a fogne, a foſſe, a luoghi profondi, nei quali <lb/>concorrano tutte le immondezze, e tutte le acque della Città. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s320" xml:space="preserve">O quando ſia <lb/>eſpoſto a venti Meridionali, nè poſſa godere il benefizio di Tramontana, o di Po-<lb/>nente: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s321" xml:space="preserve">e quando non ha comodità di luoghi per giardini, o per paſſeggj ſotto <lb/>l’ombra in tempo d’eſtate, dagli Antichi detti Crittaportici, e diete; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s322" xml:space="preserve">od al So-<lb/>le in tempo d’inverno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s323" xml:space="preserve">e quando non ha terreno da farvi ortaggj, e giardini, <lb/>nè ha copia d’acque vive. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s324" xml:space="preserve">Nelle fontane, quando non ſi fanno in luogo, che ſia <lb/>comodo al concorſo della Città, e quando gli acquedotti, o ſotterranei, o ſopra <lb/>terra, non ſon fatti a perfezione, o di cattiva, e di non ſalutevole materia, co-<lb/>me di legno, di piombo, o di rame. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s325" xml:space="preserve">Ma negli edificj, che ſolo riguardano la <lb/>comune utilità, ſi ſcorge talora qualche difetto, vale a dire, che alcunee volte <lb/>ſono incapaci, mal diſpoſti, e peſſimamente compartiti, ſenza le convenienti <lb/>utilità, e ſenza i debiti comodi, ſenza libertà di ſtanze, e di appartamenti, <lb/>di ſcale, di anditi, e di trapaſſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s326" xml:space="preserve">ma obbligati a dannoſe ſervitù, e talvolta <lb/>ſon collocati troppo lontani dalle abitazioni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s327" xml:space="preserve">Quelli, che conſiſtono ſolamente <lb/>nell’ornamento, talora ſon difettoſi nella ſituazione, mentre non ſono in luogo <lb/>conveniente, e non rendono dicevole proſpetto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s328" xml:space="preserve">o ſon ſopraffatti, ed occupati <lb/>da altre fabbriche, da rupi, da ſaſſi, o da altra coſa eminente, o ſon piantati <lb/>in luogo troppo anguſto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s329" xml:space="preserve">o quando ſi preme più nell’ornamento, che nell’uti-<lb/>le: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s330" xml:space="preserve">o quando gli ornamenti non corriſpondono all’ utile, ed al biſogno, ed han-<lb/>no del barbaro, e da lontano non ſon veduti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s331" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente in quelle fabbri-<lb/>che, le quali debbon eſſer comode, e ornate, ſi erra talvolta facendoſi ornamen-<lb/>ti, o ſuperflui, o non a propoſito, non procurandoſi, che l’utile accompagni l’ <lb/>ornato, e che l’uno ſia corriſpondente all’altro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s332" xml:space="preserve">E tutti queſti poſſon eſſere gli <lb/>errori, che naſcono nella ſcelta dei Siti di qualſivoglia fabbrica, che nel vero <lb/>eſſendo i particolari inſiniti, e variabili, ancora molti più, e vie più diverſi <lb/>poſſono eſſere i diſetti, che ſon per accadere nella ſcelta del Sito di qualſivo-<lb/>glia edificio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s333" xml:space="preserve">e però, per non dilungarſi dalla brevità, ci contenteremo d’aver <lb/>moſtrato una parte, laſciando in arbitrio di qualunque ſtudioſo l’oſſervare tutti <lb/>gli altri.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s334" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div19" type="section" level="1" n="19"> <head xml:id="echoid-head25" xml:space="preserve">CAP. IV. <lb/>Degli errori, che accadono nella mala ſcelta delle materie.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s335" xml:space="preserve">DOpo gli errori, che ſogliono avvenire circa la ſcelta dei Siti, i più im-<lb/>portanti ſon quelli, che per diverſe cagioni ſpeſſe volte ſuccedono nella <lb/>ſcelta delle materie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s336" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè, ſiccome dalle buone materie, che s’adopra-<lb/>no nella fabbrica, ſi produce la bontà, e la perpetuità delle muraglie; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s337" xml:space="preserve">così per <lb/>lo contrario dalle cattive procede quaſi ogni loro mala condizione, e la breve <lb/>loro durata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s338" xml:space="preserve">Laonde uno dei principali avvertimenti degli Architetti, o di chi <lb/>aſſiſte alle fabbriche, o di chi fa murare, ſi è il porre grandiſſima diligenza <pb o="9" file="0025" n="25" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> nelle materie, delle quali ſi dee far la ſtruttura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s339" xml:space="preserve">poichè le buone, e le ree con-<lb/>dizioni delle materie ſon cagione delle buone, e delle male condizioni di qua-<lb/>lunque edificio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s340" xml:space="preserve">E perchè queſto non baſta per venire in cognizione dei diſet-<lb/>ti appartenenti alle materie, perciò importa il fare una matura conſiderazione <lb/>di eſſe, affinchè ſi rendano più noti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s341" xml:space="preserve">Dichiamo adunque, procedendo con qual-<lb/>che ordine, che le materie delle muraglie, o ſi ricevono ſolamente dalla Na-<lb/>tura, o dalla Natura inſieme, e dall’Arte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s342" xml:space="preserve">Quelle, che ſi hanno ſolamente dal-<lb/>la Natura, o ſono la rena, o le pietre, o l’acqua, o i legnami. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s343" xml:space="preserve">Quelle, che <lb/>ſi ricevono dall’Arte, e dalla Natura, ſono la calcina, i mattoni, le pietre la-<lb/>vorate, i legnami lavorati, e i ferramenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s344" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s345" xml:space="preserve">Gli errori, i quali appariſcono nelle materie ſolamente della Natura, ſono, <lb/>come quando s’adopera rena di cava, e ſpecialmente quella, che è terroſa, <lb/>fangoſa, e groſſa, la quale ſi mangia la calcina, e impaſtata con eſſa non fa <lb/>preſa, nè forte legamento di muro, ed è come ſe ſi muraſſe colla ſemplice ter-<lb/>ra, come anticamente ſi uſava in Siena, ove ſi veggono molte mura vecchie <lb/>murate con terra, la quale tanto tiene, e lega inſieme i mattoni, e le pietre, <lb/>quanto dura l’umidità ſua fangoſa, che diſſeccata, finalmente ſi ſnerva, ſi ri-<lb/>duce in polvere, e ſi fa ſimile alla terra dei campi, o al terreno, come ſpeſſo <lb/>avviene in quelle parti di Toſcana, ove non ſi trova la puzzolana. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s346" xml:space="preserve">Ma quan-<lb/>do ſi ha da uſar la rena di cava, non ſi piglia la bianca, perchè è la peggio-<lb/>re di tutte, di pari che la rena groſſa, benchè ſia la più tenace, perciocchè ſi <lb/>fende facilmente, così ancora ogni rena, che maneggiata colle mani non ſtri-<lb/>de, e macchia i panni, e meſcolata coll’acqua l’intorbida, o la rende fango-<lb/>ſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s347" xml:space="preserve">E finalmente quella, che ſarà ſtata lungo tempo all’aria, al Sole, alla Lu-<lb/>na, e alle piogge, per aver natura di terreno, ſarà meſcolata con umor mar-<lb/>cido, e diſpoſta ſpontaneamente a produrre erbe, e arboſcelli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s348" xml:space="preserve">Nè perchè da <lb/>noi s’eſcluda la rena di cava, ſi dee perciò intendere aſſolutamente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s349" xml:space="preserve">impercioc-<lb/>chè fra le rene, che ſi cavano, la migliore di tutte ſi è la puzzolana, della <lb/>quale abbondano Napoli, e Roma, e noi in vece di eſſa abbiamo una ſpecie <lb/>di rena, che ſi cava da una ragione di tufo, che è dotata di tutte le buone qua-<lb/>lità: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s350" xml:space="preserve">queſto è proſſimo alla pietra pure di tufo, di color più chiaro, e di terra <lb/>d’ombra meno oſcura, che s’accoſta al color giallo ſmorto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s351" xml:space="preserve">E queſta rena ſi po-<lb/>trà dire rena pietroſa, molto differente dalla rena terroſa, la quale ſi cava dal tu-<lb/>fo, che ha più natura di terra, eſſendo più umido, più groſſo, più frangibile, e <lb/>di color di terreno da coltivare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s352" xml:space="preserve">Ovvero quando ſi adoprano le pietre non lavora-<lb/>te, come le pietre tonde, pulite, eguali, cioè, le ſcelte de’letti de’fiumi, e dei <lb/>campi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s353" xml:space="preserve">ovvero ſe ſaranno troppo tenere, e frangibili: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s354" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè le prime nel-<lb/>la ſtruttura delle muraglie non fanno buon legamento, nè ritengono fortemente <lb/>la calcina, nè fanno buon ripieno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s355" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè accoſtandoſi coll’ altre pietre, o <lb/>con i mattoni, laſciano ſpeſſe vacuità, le quali malamente ſi poſſono riempiere, <lb/>ſe non vi ſi conſuma gran quantità di calcina, o ſe non vi ſi pone gran copia <lb/>di minuti pezzi, i quali, benchè ſieno ben battuti, nondimeno di eſſi non ſi fa <lb/>buon componimento di muro, eſſendo d’opera cementizia, biaſimata meritamen-<lb/>te dagli Architetti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s356" xml:space="preserve">di modo che per ogni lieve occaſione, o pel calare della mu-<lb/>raglia, o per la preſſione del peſo, o per lo ſpegner degli archi, o per gl’introna-<lb/>menti, ſi aprono; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s357" xml:space="preserve">e toſto che una parte comincia a rovinare, facilmente, e con <lb/>poca forza tutta rovina, e ſi converte in macia, ed in cumulo di ſaſſi, ſiccome <lb/>ſi vede bene ſpeſſo nelle fabbriche di villa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s358" xml:space="preserve">come ſono quelle ſtrutture, e quei <lb/>muramenti, che da Vitruvio nel cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s359" xml:space="preserve">3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s360" xml:space="preserve">del ſecondo Libro ſi dicono di muro in-<lb/>certo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s361" xml:space="preserve">o quelle, che ſi appellano opere cementizie, delle quali, ſiccome delle altre <lb/>ſpecie di ſtrutture ſi fa menzione da Marziale nel IX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s362" xml:space="preserve">Libro, Epigramma 77. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s363" xml:space="preserve">che <lb/>ha per titolo = De balneo Tuccœ:</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s364" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s365" xml:space="preserve">Non ſilice duro, ſtructilive cemento, <lb/>Nec latere cocto, quo Semyramis longam <lb/>Babylona cinxit, Tucca balneum fecit; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s366" xml:space="preserve">Sed ſtrage nemorum, pineaque compage, <pb o="10" file="0026" n="26" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> Ut navigare Tucca balneo poſſit. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s367" xml:space="preserve">Idem beatas lautus extruit thermas <lb/>De marmore omni, quod Chariſtos invenit, <lb/>Quod Phrygia, Symnas, aſſa, quod Nomas mittit, <lb/>Et quod virenti fonte lavit Eurotas. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s368" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Sed ligna deſunt, ſubijce balneum thermis.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s369" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s370" xml:space="preserve">E come era la fabbrica di Nicea, della quale parla Plinio il giovane nel X. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s371" xml:space="preserve">Li-<lb/>bro delle ſue Epiſtole, ſcrivendo a Trajano in tal modo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s372" xml:space="preserve">=Theatrum, Domi-<lb/>ne, Niceœ maxima jam parte conſtructum, imperfectum tamen ſextertium, ut <lb/>audio, neque enim ratio plus excuſſa eſt, amplius centies bauſit, vereor, ne <lb/>fruſtra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s373" xml:space="preserve">ingentibus enim rimis deſcendit, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s374" xml:space="preserve">biat, ſive in cauſſa ſolum bumi-<lb/>dum, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s375" xml:space="preserve">molle, ſive lapis ipſe gracilis, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s376" xml:space="preserve">putris. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s377" xml:space="preserve">(E queſte penſava egli eſ-<lb/>ſer le cagioni, per le quali la fabbrica del detto Teatro ſi foſſe aperta, e foſſe <lb/>calata, cioè, l’umido ſoverchio, la tenerezza della terra, le pietre frangibili, e <lb/>marce; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s378" xml:space="preserve">onde facilmente penetrato il terreno, o dal peſo premuta la muraglia, <lb/>e ridotte in minuti pezzi, e quaſi in polvere le pietre, tutta la fabbrica foſſe <lb/>calata, ed aperta) dignum eſt certe deliberatione, ſitne faciendum, aut ſit <lb/>r<unsure/>elinquendum: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s379" xml:space="preserve">nam fulturæ, ac ſubſtructiones, quibus ſubinde ſuſcipitur, non <lb/>tam firmœ mibi, quam ſumtuoſœ videntur: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s380" xml:space="preserve">buic Theatro ex privatorum polli-<lb/>citationibus multa debentur, ut baſilicœ circa, ut porticus ſupra caveam, quœ <lb/>nunc omnia differuntur ceſſante eo, quod ante peragendum eſt. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s381" xml:space="preserve">Iidem Nicenſe <lb/>gymnaſium incendio amiſſum, ante adventum meum reſtituere cœperant longe <lb/>numeroſius, laxiuſque, quam fuerat; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s382" xml:space="preserve">etiam aliquantum erogaverunt, pericu-<lb/>lum eſt, ne parum utiliter; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s383" xml:space="preserve">incompoſitum enim, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s384" xml:space="preserve">ſparſum eſt. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s385" xml:space="preserve">Prœterea <lb/>Architectus ſane œmulus ejus, a quo opus inchoatum eſt, adfirmat, parietes <lb/>(quamquam viginti, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s386" xml:space="preserve">duos pedes latos) impoſita onera ſuſtinere non poſſe, <lb/>guia ſint cemento medii faſti, nec teſtaceo (cioè laterizio) opere prœcincti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s387" xml:space="preserve">E <lb/>ſe peravventura altri è neceſſitato a ſervirſi di queſte pietre naturali ſciolte, <lb/>procuri di prender quelle, che ſono aſpre, ruvide, ſpungoſe, poroſe, e che ab-<lb/>biano ſpeſſi cantoni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s388" xml:space="preserve">perciocchè quelle di queſta maniera ricevono, e ritengo-<lb/>no meglio la calcina, e molto meglio ſi ſerrano inſieme coll’altre pietre, e co’ <lb/>pezzi de’ mattoni, onde ſi fa ottimo incatenamento di muraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s389" xml:space="preserve">E quando ſi <lb/>adoprano le pietre tenere, e frangibili, come quelle di tufo, e ſpecialmente <lb/>di quello più tenero, e renoſo, del quale ſi trova gran copia in Toſcana, e <lb/>particolarmente in Siena, e ne’ſuoi contorni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s390" xml:space="preserve">benchè vi ſi trovi un’altra ſpecie <lb/>di tufo di buona ſaldezza, e molto duro, di maniera che ſe ne può fare ogni <lb/>lavoro, come baſi, colonne, capitelli, cornici, ed altro, ſiccome è ancora la <lb/>pietra tenera, e la pietra forte: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s391" xml:space="preserve">oppure quando s’adopera una ragione di tufo <lb/>bianco, e così tenero, che ſi può tagliar coll’accetta, quale è quello, che ſi ca-<lb/>va in Napoli dalle gran maſſe dette monti, il quale è leggiero ſpungoſo, e gial-<lb/>letto, che s’accoſta al bianco, e tenacemente s’uniſce colla calcina; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s392" xml:space="preserve">e tuttavia <lb/>le muraglie, che d’eſſo ſi fabbricano (che quivi non ſi fanno d’altra materia) <lb/>bene ſpeſſo ſi vedono ſpaccate, ed aperte, non ſolamente per la mala legatu-<lb/>ra, che ſi fa con eſſe, ma anche per la loro tenerezza, e perchè nel murarſi <lb/>non ſon battute, nè ſerrate bene inſieme, o perchè non ſono quadrate; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s393" xml:space="preserve">ma ta-<lb/>gliate a caſo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s394" xml:space="preserve">o quando ſi prende una ſpecie di tuſo nero pomicioſo, leggie-<lb/>ro, e tenero, come è quello, che ſi cava in Roma; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s395" xml:space="preserve">il quale benchè faccia <lb/>buona lega colla calcina, contuttociò le mura fatte di eſſo moſtrano ſempre <lb/>qualche apertura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s396" xml:space="preserve">ovvero quando ſi adopra l’acqua ſalmaſtra, e untuoſa per fa-<lb/>re l’impaſto della calcina colla rena; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s397" xml:space="preserve">perciocchè, ſe è ſalmaſtra, rode la calci-<lb/>na, i mattoni, e le pietre, mentre ſi converte in ſale; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s398" xml:space="preserve">onde la calcina impa-<lb/>ſtata con tale acqua, non è tenace, e la ſabbrica rimane come ſe foſſe murata <lb/>a ſecco: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s399" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè, ſiccome la rena di mare non è buona, perchè preſto ſi <lb/>ſecca, e preſto ſi bagna, e ſi disfà a motivo della ſalſedine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s400" xml:space="preserve">così per la me-<lb/>deſima ragione l’acqua marina non è buona per murare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s401" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe è untuoſa, <lb/>per eſſa non ſi uniſce il componimento, e quando pur ſi uniſca, non ſi attacca al- <pb o="11" file="0027" n="27" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> le materie, onde il muro non ha legamento, nè ſaldezza, poichè la calcina <lb/>così compoſta non s’impietriſce, nè ſi converte in tartaro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s402" xml:space="preserve">E l’acque de’bagni <lb/>non debbono eſſer tenute per buone, perchè o poſſono eſſer cagione di troppo <lb/>diſſeccamento, o di manifeſta corroſione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s403" xml:space="preserve">O finalmente gli errori degli Archi-<lb/>tetti ſi trovano nell’uſo dei legnami, cioè, quando ſi prendono per far palchi, <lb/>ſoffitte, laſtrichi, tetti, travature ſemplici, ed armate, di legnami frangibili, <lb/>pieghevoli, e che facilmente marciſcono, come ſono le travi d’oppio, di gatta-<lb/>ro, o di qualunque altra ragione di legname bianco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s404" xml:space="preserve">E l’olmo, benchè ſia le-<lb/>gno forte, nondimeno facilmente ſi piega, ſe non è ſtato tagliato di molto <lb/>tempo, perchè indugia molto a ſeccarſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s405" xml:space="preserve">Si fa dunque notabile errore adoperando <lb/>tali materie, ſenza alcuna conſiderazione, come a non rigettare i legnami mal <lb/>tenuti, cioè allo ſcoperto, all’acque, ai venti, ai ghiacci, e ai Soli, onde o ſi <lb/>marciſcano, o ſi cuocano, di maniera che poſti in opera, e aggravati dal peſo <lb/>ſi troncano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s406" xml:space="preserve">Si erra ſpeſſe volte nelle lunghezze, e nelle groſſezze, cioè, quan-<lb/>do ſi prendono gli arcali, o le travi troppo lunghe, o troppo ſottili; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s407" xml:space="preserve">poichè o ſi <lb/>piegano, o ſi rompono, non potendo ſoſtenere il peſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s408" xml:space="preserve">e quando ſi adoprano <lb/>travi di legnami troppo groſſi, come di querce, di leccio, o d’altra ragione; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s409" xml:space="preserve">poichè quelli, che ſono di queſta natura, aggravano troppo le muraglie, ſicchè <lb/>calando ſi aprono, e minacciano rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s410" xml:space="preserve">Ed oltre a ciò ſi reputa errore grandiſ-<lb/>ſimo il ſervirſi di legnami tagliati in mala ſtagione, cioè mentre la Luna è piena, <lb/>e nella Primavera, quando gli alberi ſon pieni d’umore, e quando ſono in ſuc-<lb/>chio, e diſpoſti a germogliare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s411" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſiffatti legnami preſto ſi marciſcono, e <lb/>generano gran copia di tarli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s412" xml:space="preserve">onde i travi cavati da eſſi, aggiuntovi il peſo, e <lb/>per ſe ſteſſi ſi rompono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s413" xml:space="preserve">Il che non è ſenza gran pericolo, e ſenza ſpeſa degli <lb/>abitatori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s414" xml:space="preserve">Quelle materie finalmente, le quali ſi ricevono dalla Natura, e dall’ <lb/>Arte, ſono le pietre lavorate, i mattoni, la calcina, e i ferramenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s415" xml:space="preserve">Ed in tut-<lb/>te queſte coſe ſpeſſo accade l’errore: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s416" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè ſi erra, facendo lavorar pie-<lb/>tre troppo tenere, come ſono alcune ſpezie di tufo, e di macigno, che a Ro-<lb/>ma ſi dice Peprino, concioſſiachè, oltre il non reſiſtere al peſo, non poſſono di-<lb/>fenderſi dal freddo, e dal ghiaccio, come ſi vede in Firenze nelle colonne degli <lb/>Uffizj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s417" xml:space="preserve">Così ancora ſervendoſi d’alcuna ragione di travertino poroſo, il quale <lb/>uſato per traverſo, come per architravi, e per ſoglie di porte, non regge alcun <lb/>peſo, nè ſoſtiene il peſo di ſe medeſimo, come ſi vede nelle porte d’alcuni luoghi, <lb/>e particolarmente in Siena in diverſe fabbriche, e ſingolarmente nella porta della <lb/>Chieſa della Madonna di Provenzano, ove ſi vede tutto l’Architrave. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s418" xml:space="preserve">Onde il ſuo <lb/>più conveniente uſo è il farne colonne, che in queſto modo reſiſte ad ogni gran pe-<lb/>ſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s419" xml:space="preserve">O ſecondo il conſiglio degli Architetti, non ſi debbono i travertini porre in <lb/>opera, toſto levati dalla cava, e lavorati, ma biſogna, che ſieno cavati, e lavo-<lb/>rati per qualche tempo avanti, acciocchè ſienoſi fatti più duri, e più ſaldi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s420" xml:space="preserve">Sier-<lb/>ra talora ſervendoſi del marmo nei luoghi ſcoperti, come nelle facciate de’palazzi, <lb/>e dei Tempj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s421" xml:space="preserve">E ciò avviene, quando le fabbriche ſon molto verſo il vento ma-<lb/>rino, ſiccome è la facciata della Cattedrale di Siena, la quale, eſſendo eſpoſta <lb/>a tal vento, che bagnando rade, e per ogni lieve incontro riceve grandiſſimo <lb/>danno, eſſendo i marmi renduti frangibili, e quaſi ridotti in ſale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s422" xml:space="preserve">Errano anco-<lb/>ra gli Architetti, che non fanno diligenza d’aver mattoni fatti di buona creta, <lb/>ben lavorati, ben cotti, fatti a miſura uniforme; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s423" xml:space="preserve">poichè i mattoni mal fatti, e <lb/>mal cotti rendon la fabbrica non durevole: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s424" xml:space="preserve">che per ogni umidità ſi marciſce; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s425" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>e quelli, che ſon troppo cotti, che ſi chiamano ferretti, per la ſomiglianza, che <lb/>hanno nel colore, di pari che nella durezza alle loppe del ferro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s426" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè, <lb/>ſebbene hanno durezza di pietra, nondimeno perchè ſon troppo torti, e collega-<lb/>ti inſieme in forma di pietre a motivo del colamento fatto dalla troppa cottu-<lb/>ra, e dal fuoco ſoverchio, non ſon buoni per lavori di fuori, come nelle facce <lb/>delle muraglie, perchè non ſi poſſono porre in piano, e collegare con gli altri <lb/>mattoni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s427" xml:space="preserve">ma ſon buoni nei riempimenti dei muri, e nei fondamenti, quando <lb/>però ſi fanno groſſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s428" xml:space="preserve">E i mattoni non fatti a miſura uniforme non ſon tutti <lb/>eguali di groſſezza, e di lunghezza, e però guaſtano il lavoro, non potendoſi or-<lb/>dinare i filari in piano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s429" xml:space="preserve">Ma gli Antichi, per aſſicurarſi d’aver buoni mattoni <pb o="12" file="0028" n="28" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> per i muramenti loro, avevano ordinato, che ogni fornace ſegnaſſe i ſuoi mat-<lb/>toni col ſuo impronto, acciocchè ſi ſapeſſe chi faceſſe buono, e chi cattivo la-<lb/>voro, e chi migliore, onde alcuno non rimaneſſe ingannato, potendo fare ſcelta <lb/>ſempre del migliore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s430" xml:space="preserve">Ordine veramente di molta importanza, che dovrebbe imi-<lb/>tarſi dai moderni, e maſſime in Roma, ove ſi lavorano i mattoni di peſſima <lb/>condizione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s431" xml:space="preserve">talchè mi pare una mancanza troppo grande il veder negli avanzi <lb/>delle fabbriche antiche i mattoni eſſerſi mantenuti tante migliaja d’anni, e dura-<lb/>re tuttora (onde Plinio nel Cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s432" xml:space="preserve">13. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s433" xml:space="preserve">del Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s434" xml:space="preserve">35. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s435" xml:space="preserve">chiama le muraglie de’mat-<lb/>toni eterne, dicendo=</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s436" xml:space="preserve">Grœci, prœterquam ubi e ſilice fieri poterat ſtructura, parietes lateritios prœ-<lb/>tulere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s437" xml:space="preserve">Sunt enim œterni, ſi ad pendiculum fiant). </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s438" xml:space="preserve">E non eſſerſi trovata giam-<lb/>mai perſona di tanto ingegno, che abbia ſaputo rinvenire, onde ſi cavaſſe la <lb/>creta, della quale ſi formavano tali mattoni, e dove foſſero già le fornaci. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s439" xml:space="preserve">Imper-<lb/>ciocchè, quando queſti luoghi ſi trovaſſero, Roma non avrebbe biſogno di pez-<lb/>zami di tufo tenero, e di ſaſſi nel fabbricare per la mancanza di mattoni, e le <lb/>muraglie ſue ſarebbero più durevoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s440" xml:space="preserve">E perchè non paja, che ciò io aſſeriſca <lb/>di propria immaginazione, e per congettura, vi moſtrerò quì appreſſo gli eſem-<lb/>Pj d’alcuni ſegni di mattoni antichi ritratti dalle Note delle Antichità di Ro-<lb/>ma di Celſo Cittadini, uomo intendentiſſimo delle Antichità, maſſimamente di <lb/>Roma, e che è ſtato il primo a oſſervare, e a pubblicare ſcritti di tali mate-<lb/>rie; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s441" xml:space="preserve">da’quali ſegni ſi comprendeva, di qual cava, e di qual fornace fuſſero.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s442" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0028-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0028-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption1" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Jl<unsure/> Pentadrro <lb/>T<unsure/>rovato ſrà la T<unsure/>rinità de Monti<unsure/> <lb/>al palazzo del Gran Duca</caption> </figure> <pb o="13" file="0029" n="29" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s443" xml:space="preserve">Le ſpezie de’quali mattoni preſſo gli Antichi erano diverſe, ſiccome ſi può <lb/>ritrarre da Plinio nel Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s444" xml:space="preserve">35. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s445" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s446" xml:space="preserve">13. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s447" xml:space="preserve">e da Vitruvio nel ſecondo Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s448" xml:space="preserve">Cap. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s449" xml:space="preserve">31. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s450" xml:space="preserve">= Plinio dice =</s> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s451" xml:space="preserve">Genera eorum, tria, Didoron, quo utimur, longum ſexquipede, latum pede: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s452" xml:space="preserve">alterum Tetradoron, tertium Pentadoron. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s453" xml:space="preserve">Græci enim antiqui doron palmum <lb/>vocabant, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s454" xml:space="preserve">ideo doras munera, quia manu darentur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s455" xml:space="preserve">Ergo quatuor, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s456" xml:space="preserve">quin-<lb/>que palmis, prout ſunt, nominantur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s457" xml:space="preserve">Eadem eſt & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s458" xml:space="preserve">latitudo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s459" xml:space="preserve">Minore in pri-<lb/>vatis operibus, Majore in publicis.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s460" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s461" xml:space="preserve">Vitruvio nel Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s462" xml:space="preserve">2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s463" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s464" xml:space="preserve">3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s465" xml:space="preserve">=</s> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s466" xml:space="preserve">Fiunt autem laterum genera tria, unum quod Græce, δυόδωρον appellatur, <lb/>ideſt, quo noſtri utuntur, longum pede, latum ſemipede, cæteris duobus Græco-<lb/>rum ædificia ſtruuntur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s467" xml:space="preserve">Ex his unum Pentadoron, alterum Tetradoron dicitur. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s468" xml:space="preserve">Doron autem Græci appellant palmum, quod munerum datio δῶρον appellatur . </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s469" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Id autem ſemper geritur per manus palmum, ita quod eſt quaquaverſus quin-<lb/>q<unsure/>ue palmorum pentadoron, quod quatuor tetradoron dicitur, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s470" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſunt pu-<lb/>blica opera, pentadoro, quæ privata tetradoro ſtruuntur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s471" xml:space="preserve">Fiunt autem his la-<lb/>teribus ſemilateres, qui cum ſtruuntur, una parte lateribus ordines, altera ſe-<lb/>milateres ponuntur.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s472" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s473" xml:space="preserve">Nè baſtò agli Antichi ordinare, che ſi ſegnaſſero i mattoni per ſicurezza lo-<lb/>ro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s474" xml:space="preserve">ma non gli ponevano nelle fabbriche, ſe non ſapevano, che foſſero ſtati <lb/>approvati dal magiſtrato ſopra ciò deputato, onde lo ſteſſo Vitruvio nel ſoprad-<lb/>detto luogo dice: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s475" xml:space="preserve">=</s> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s476" xml:space="preserve">Igitur tectoria ab ſtructura ſejuncta propter tenuitatem per ſe ſtare non poſ-<lb/>ſunt, ſed franguntur ipſique parietes fortuito, ſidentes vitiantur, ideoque et-<lb/>iam Uticenſes, latere, ſi ſit aridus, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s477" xml:space="preserve">ante quinquennium ductus, cum ar-<lb/>bitrio Magiſtratus fuerit ita probatus, tunc utuntur in parietum ſtructuris.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s478" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s479" xml:space="preserve">Ed in Siena per ordine de’noſtri Antichi ſi trovano le miſure, e le forme <lb/>de’mattoni di tutte le ragioni, ed ove ſono delle tegole fatte di ferro preſſo il <lb/>Magiſtrato della Biccherna, o ſia pubblica Teſoreria, dalle quali i fornaciaj ſon <lb/>tenuti a prendere le miſure, e le forme de’mattoni, e di tutto ciò, che lavo-<lb/>rano, acciocchè le grandezze ſieno giuſte, e uniformi per cagione della bontà <lb/>delle muraglie, ed affinchè non ſieno defraudati i compratori, Errano ancora, <lb/>quando prendono per le fabbriche i mattoni interi vecchj, o i pezzi, e ogni <lb/>frammento vecchio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s480" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè i mattoni vecchj non ſono eguali, e con <lb/>frammenti non ſi fa buono incatenamento di muraglia, onde le fabbriche non <lb/>ſono perpetue, e così ſi fa grandiſſimo conſumo di calcina, e ſi richiede più <lb/>tempo nel murare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s481" xml:space="preserve">Non è difetto di minor conſiderazione il ſervirſi di calcina <lb/>non buona, come di quella, che ſia fatta di pietre non cavate, raccolte pe’ <lb/>campi, e di cave, che non ſieno umide, di pietra nera, e non dura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s482" xml:space="preserve">o di cal-<lb/>cina ridotta in polvere, la quale non è freſca, ed è ſenza nervo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s483" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente <lb/>nell’uſo de’ferramenti, prendendogli troppo crudi, e frangibili, e mal tirati, e <lb/>mal ſaldati, onde ſi ſpezzano, o ſi piegano facilmente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s484" xml:space="preserve">E tutti queſti ſono gli <lb/>errori, che accadono nella ſcelta delle materie per fabbricare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s485" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div20" type="section" level="1" n="20"> <head xml:id="echoid-head26" xml:space="preserve">CAPO V. <lb/>Degli errori della mala elezione de’fabbricatori.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s486" xml:space="preserve">QUalſivoglia fabbrica, per eſſer con buona ragione incamminata alla ſua do-<lb/>vuta perfezione, non ſolamente dee eſſer collocata in buon ſito, e poſta <lb/>in eſecuzione con ottime materie, ma ancora le biſognano fabbricatori, e <lb/>miniſtri d’ottime condizioni, e dotati di tutte le qualità convenienti all’ Arte <lb/>loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s487" xml:space="preserve">Pertanto l’ Architetto, o chiunque ìntende di far murare, dee uſare molto <lb/>accorgimento nella ſcelta de’fabbricatori, nè moſſo dalla volontà di ſpender poco, <lb/>dee preſtar fede a quelli, che s’offrono a tirare innanzi l’ Opera con lieve ſpeſa; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s488" xml:space="preserve">poichè queſti non oſſervano quella diligenza, che ſi conviene; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s489" xml:space="preserve">ma riguardano ſol-<lb/>tanto a fare il lavoro con poca cura, e più preſto, che poſſono, per tirare il pa- <pb o="14" file="0030" n="30" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> gamento, e per poterſi procacciare altro lavoro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s490" xml:space="preserve">Laonde le fabbriche fatte da <lb/>tali Muratori in brev’ora ſcuoprono i difetti loro, calando, aprendoſi, e rovi-<lb/>nando. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s491" xml:space="preserve">E queſta è la ragione, per la quale gli antichi Romani avevano i Curato-<lb/>ri delle fabbriche così pubbliche, come private, i quali rivedevano, ed approvava-<lb/>no le fabbriche allegate ai fabbricatori dal Pretore, e le giudicavano come inten-<lb/>denti, o ſecondo veniva loro riferito dai Capimaeſtri dei Muratori, e dagli Ar-<lb/>chitetti, o da altri Periti a darne il giudizio loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s492" xml:space="preserve">Onde il Budeo nelle Annota-<lb/>zioni alle Pandette nel Titolo Ad Legem Juliam repetundarum, nel paragrafo = <lb/>Ne in accept. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s493" xml:space="preserve">Jurat. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s494" xml:space="preserve">dice in queſta maniera. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s495" xml:space="preserve">Probatum autem, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s496" xml:space="preserve">approbatum o-<lb/>pus dicitur, quod magiſtri opificiorum evocati inſpectum, retulerunt eſſe ido-<lb/>neum, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s497" xml:space="preserve">recte factum. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s498" xml:space="preserve">Dipoi ſoggiunge un luogo di Cicerone nella VI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s499" xml:space="preserve">delle <lb/>Verrine, e particolarmente là, dove introduce uno de’tutori di Junio pupillo fi-<lb/>gliuolo di P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s500" xml:space="preserve">Junio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s501" xml:space="preserve">Egli dice del Tempio di Caſtore, eſſendo Conſoli L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s502" xml:space="preserve">Silla e <lb/>Q. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s503" xml:space="preserve">Metello, Cajo Verre Pretore voleva, che il detto Pupillo foſſe obbligato a far <lb/>le colonne perpendicolari. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s504" xml:space="preserve">= Locatur opus id, quod ex mea pecunia reficiatur: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s505" xml:space="preserve">ego me refecturum eſſe dico: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s506" xml:space="preserve">probatio futura eſt tua, qui locas: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s507" xml:space="preserve">prædibus, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s508" xml:space="preserve">præ-<lb/>diis populo cautum eſt: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s509" xml:space="preserve">& </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s510" xml:space="preserve">ſi non putas cautum, ſcilicet, tu Prætor in mea bo-<lb/>na, quos voles, immittes? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s511" xml:space="preserve">&</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s512" xml:space="preserve">c.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s513" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s514" xml:space="preserve">E poco più oltre lo ſteſſo Budeo aggiunge = Probare vero, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s515" xml:space="preserve">approbare Re-<lb/>demtoris eſt, non locatoris; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s516" xml:space="preserve">eſt enim approbare, quod Cicero fere probare dicit, <lb/>efficere, ut probum, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s517" xml:space="preserve">rectum dijudicetur id, quod quis facit, vel dicit.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s518" xml:space="preserve">..</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s519" xml:space="preserve">.. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s520" xml:space="preserve">E paſſate poche linee = Opus autem probare, eſt, ut vulgus loquitur, recte, <lb/>& </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s521" xml:space="preserve">probe conſummatum præbere.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s522" xml:space="preserve">. e ſegue = Paulus ſupra in Tractatu Locati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s523" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Si in lege locationis hoc comprehenſum eſt, ut arbitratu domini opus approbe-<lb/>tur, perinde habetur ac ſi viri boni arbitratu comprehenſum eſſet = Tali Cura-<lb/>tori delle fabbriche avevano cura d’approvar le opere degli edificatori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s524" xml:space="preserve">che ſe <lb/>riuſcivano buone, le approvavano, e per teſtimonianza di tale approvazione ne face-<lb/>vano memoria nelle Iſcrizioni intagliate nelle pietre. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s525" xml:space="preserve">E però in un marmo antico <lb/>ſopra la Porta volta a Settentrione della Città di Roma ſi legge così =</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s526" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s527" xml:space="preserve">NVMISTRONIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s528" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s529" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s530" xml:space="preserve">DECIAN.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s531" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s532" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s533" xml:space="preserve">LVCIVS M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s534" xml:space="preserve">F.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s535" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s536" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s537" xml:space="preserve">FVNTIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s538" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s539" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s540" xml:space="preserve">MESS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s541" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s542" xml:space="preserve">AEDILES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s543" xml:space="preserve">PORTAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s544" xml:space="preserve">TVRRES.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s545" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s546" xml:space="preserve">MVRVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s547" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s548" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s549" xml:space="preserve">C.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s550" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s551" xml:space="preserve">FACIVND. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s552" xml:space="preserve">CVRARVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s553" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s554" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQVE PROBARVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s555" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s556" xml:space="preserve">Nell’acquedotto dell’ Acqua Claudia preſſo a S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s557" xml:space="preserve">Tommaſo dei Cattivi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s558" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s559" xml:space="preserve">PVBLIVS CORNELIVS P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s560" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s561" xml:space="preserve">DOLABELLA.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s562" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s563" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s564" xml:space="preserve">JVNIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s565" xml:space="preserve">Q. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s566" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s567" xml:space="preserve">SILANVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s568" xml:space="preserve">FLAMEN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s569" xml:space="preserve">MARTIAL.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s570" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s571" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s572" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s573" xml:space="preserve">C.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s574" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s575" xml:space="preserve">FACINVDVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s576" xml:space="preserve">CVRAVERVNT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s577" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQ. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s578" xml:space="preserve">PROBAVERVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s579" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s580" xml:space="preserve">E in un altro Arco fra l’ Aventino, e il Tevere, dove oggi ſi dice Marmorata.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s581" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s582" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s583" xml:space="preserve">LENTVLVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s584" xml:space="preserve">CN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s585" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s586" xml:space="preserve">SCIPIO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s587" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s588" xml:space="preserve">T. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s589" xml:space="preserve">QVINCTIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s590" xml:space="preserve">CRISPINVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s591" xml:space="preserve">VALERIANVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s592" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s593" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s594" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s595" xml:space="preserve">C.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s596" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s597" xml:space="preserve">FACIVNDVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s598" xml:space="preserve">CVRAVERE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s599" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQ. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s600" xml:space="preserve">PROBAVERE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s601" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s602" xml:space="preserve">E nel Ponte Ceſtio, oggi di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s603" xml:space="preserve">Bartolommeo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s604" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s605" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s606" xml:space="preserve">FABRICIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s607" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s608" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s609" xml:space="preserve">CVR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s610" xml:space="preserve">VIAR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s611" xml:space="preserve">FACIVNDVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s612" xml:space="preserve">CVRAVIT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s613" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s614" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQ. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s615" xml:space="preserve">PROBAVIT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s616" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s617" xml:space="preserve">Q. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s618" xml:space="preserve">LEPIDVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s619" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s620" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s621" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s622" xml:space="preserve">LOLLIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s623" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s624" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s625" xml:space="preserve">COS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s626" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s627" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s628" xml:space="preserve">C.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s629" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s630" xml:space="preserve">PROBAVERVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s631" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s632" xml:space="preserve">E come ſi vede preſſo Franceſco Albertino nel ſuo Libro de Roma priſca, <pb o="15" file="0031" n="31" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s633" xml:space="preserve">nova, negli acquedotti ſopra un arco, preſſo la Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s634" xml:space="preserve">Maria in Do-<lb/>minica, ora detta della Navicella, e a quella di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s635" xml:space="preserve">Gio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s636" xml:space="preserve">e Paolo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s637" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s638" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s639" xml:space="preserve">CORNELIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s640" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s641" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s642" xml:space="preserve">DOLABELLA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s643" xml:space="preserve">COS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s644" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s645" xml:space="preserve">JVNIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s646" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s647" xml:space="preserve">F.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s648" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s649" xml:space="preserve">SILANVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s650" xml:space="preserve">FLAMEN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s651" xml:space="preserve">MARTIAL. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s652" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s653" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s654" xml:space="preserve">C.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s655" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s656" xml:space="preserve">FACIVNDVM CVRAVERVNT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s657" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQ. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s658" xml:space="preserve">PROBAVERVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s659" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s660" xml:space="preserve">E molti altri ſimili.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s661" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s662" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando le fabbriche non erano approvate, gli edificatori erano obbligati <lb/>a rifarle a ſpeſe loro, avendo dato per ſicurtà, conforme al comandamento del-<lb/>la Legge i lor beni, ſiccome ſi vede appreſſo Cicerone nella terza delle Verri-<lb/>ne. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s663" xml:space="preserve">Ma queſta cautela nei noſtri paeſi non ſi potrebbe avere, eſſendo, ſe non <lb/>tutti, almeno la maggior parte, i Muratori foreſtieri, e non accaſati; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s664" xml:space="preserve">onde ſi <lb/>poſſono partire a lor voglia, ſiccome ſpeſſo fanno, e non poſſegono alcun be-<lb/>ne ſtabile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s665" xml:space="preserve">Il che ſtando in tal maniera, ſi potrebbero forzare a trovare qual-<lb/>che perſona, che prometteſſe per loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s666" xml:space="preserve">Oltre di che queſti tali debbon eſſere ri-<lb/>gettati, mentre promettono di tirare innanzi il lavoro con poca ſpeſa, per in-<lb/>citare, e inanimire altri a fabbricare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s667" xml:space="preserve">i quali indi a non molto, dato principio, <lb/>moſtrano, che alla fabbrica fa biſogno di molto più materia, e molto maggio-<lb/>re ſpeſa di quella, che fu propoſta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s668" xml:space="preserve">onde qualunque padrone della fabbrica, <lb/>non piacendogli d’accreſcer la ſpeſa, è forzato a far ceſſare il lavoro, e rima-<lb/>nere imperfetto, e non atto a ſervirſene, e la ſpeſa fatta rieſce affatto vana: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s669" xml:space="preserve">o <lb/>per neceſſità biſogna, che faccia continuare la fabbrica, perchè la prima ſpeſa <lb/>non ſia perduta, e poſſa in parte conſeguire il fine propoſtoſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s670" xml:space="preserve">Ma per dare a <lb/>conoſcere ormai gli errori commeſſi nella ſcelta dei fabbricatori, porremo fine a <lb/>queſte conſiderazioni, e cominceremo ad eſaminargli particolarmente, dicendo, <lb/>che almeno ſei ſono le maniere degli Edificatorori, che adoperate nelle fabbriche <lb/>ſon cagione d’importantiſſimi, e di molto dannoſi difetti ad ogni ragion di fab-<lb/>brica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s671" xml:space="preserve">Concioſſiachè i fabbricatori, o ſono troppo avidi del guadagno, o poco <lb/>affezionati all’ Arte loro, o non curanti della propria riputazione, o non molto <lb/>pratichi ne’lavori importanti, e non ordinarj; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s672" xml:space="preserve">o non capaci de’diſegni, e de’ <lb/>modelli delle fabbriche fatte dagli Architetti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s673" xml:space="preserve">o che ſieno di propria, e d’oſti-<lb/>nata opinione, e non docili, nè obbedienti, ed oſſervatori di quanto ſi dice da-<lb/>gli Architetti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s674" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s675" xml:space="preserve">Quando i fabbricatori ſon troppo affezionati al guadagno, allora è grandiſſi-<lb/>mo errore il ſervirſene, ed è molto dannoſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s676" xml:space="preserve">sì perchè non ſi contentano del <lb/>pagamento, che loro ſi dà, che ſempre il vorrebbero maggore, onde è un gran-<lb/>diſſimo tormento a chi dà le ſue fabbriche a tali muratori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s677" xml:space="preserve">sì ancora, perchè <lb/>coſtoro non hanno altro fine, che il proprio intereſſe, e il ſolito vantaggio, e <lb/>nulla ſi curano di dar buon conto di loro ſteſſi nelle opere, che fanno, non <lb/>uſando quella diligenza, che ſi conviene, nè operando come vuole il debito <lb/>dell’ Arte loro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s678" xml:space="preserve">ma con ogni aſtuzia, e con ogni ſottile ed iniqua induſtria, ſi <lb/>forzano di finire la loro opera quanto più preſto ſi può, rieſca pure fatta in <lb/>qualunque modo, purchè preſto ſia condotta al termine, per trarne il pagamen-<lb/>to, e ſi faccia coſtar caro il mal lavoro, e ſi venda con ingiuſto prezzo il bre-<lb/>ve tempo, che vi ſi è ſpeſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s679" xml:space="preserve">Quando ſon poco affezionati all’ Arte loro, tutto <lb/>quello, che fanno, lo fanno ſtrappazzatamente, e con diſpregio, poichè poſ-<lb/>pongono al guadagno la buona riputazione dell’ Arte, e di loro ſteſſi, la perfe-<lb/>zione dell’opera, e la perpetuità, ſtudiando ſolamente in una certa apparenza <lb/>di bontà di lavoro, la quale tanto dura, quanto baſta ad aver tempo di condurre il la-<lb/>voro a quel fine, che ſi ſono propoſti, per giungere al pagamento bramato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s680" xml:space="preserve">Ma dopo <lb/>non lungo ſpazio di tempo la fabbrica dà ſegno della malvagità, e della iniqua, e volon-<lb/>taria negligenza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s681" xml:space="preserve">onde la ſpeſa rieſce tutta vana, e biſogna tornar da capo a edifica-<lb/>re, e prima guaſtare tutto il mal fatto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s682" xml:space="preserve">Il che è di ſommo pregiudizio a chi <lb/>fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s683" xml:space="preserve">E ſe non fanno alcuna ſtima della propria riputazione, e ſono puri, <lb/>e abbietti mercenarj, non è da fidarſene punto, perchè poco loro importa l’ope-<lb/>rar male, e a danno di chi gli adopera, purchè venga lor fatto di guadagna-<lb/>re quanto deſiderano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s684" xml:space="preserve">e perchè non manchi loro da fabbricare, s’ajutano col pro- <pb o="16" file="0032" n="32" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> metter di lavorare con poca ſpeſa, e di contentarſi di minor pagamento di <lb/>quello, che ſi richieda dagli altri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s685" xml:space="preserve">E ſe peravventura non ſaranno molto prati-<lb/>chi nelle fabbriche importanti, e ſtraordinarie, non è coſa ſicura il ſervirſene, <lb/>poichè ſi dee temere, che non ſieno per imparare a ſpeſe di chi ſe ne fida; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s686" xml:space="preserve">che la poca pratica, che hanno nell’ Arte loro, non eſſendo avvezzi ad altro, che a <lb/>riſarcir mura vecchie, e a fabbricar ſemplici caſe di perſone private, e povere, <lb/>non baſta per uſarſi nelle fabbriche nobili, pubbliche, e di molta importanza: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s687" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>concioſſiachè queſti tali non ſanno quanto è neceſſario, per condurre alla ſua con-<lb/>veniente perfezione qualunque fabbrica di grandiſſimo conto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s688" xml:space="preserve">Quelli poi, che non <lb/>intendono i diſegni, nè i modelli di qualſivoglia maniera d’edificio, eſſendo <lb/>d’ingegno groſſiſſimo, e più atti a portare la calcina e i mattoni, che ad ado-<lb/>prare la murajola, il martello, e l’archipenzolo, debbono totalmente eſſere <lb/>eſcluſi da ogni fabbrica, eſſendo privi di quella cognizione, che, bene in-<lb/>teſa, apre la ſtrada, ed agevola il modo di porre in effetto ogni opera, benchè <lb/>difficile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s689" xml:space="preserve">Ma eſſendone in tutto ignoranti, o non ſon riſoluti, e ſicuri nell’ope-<lb/>rare, e operando s’allontanano dallo ſcopo dell’ Architetto, o contraffanno al-<lb/>la volontà de’padroni, o confondono l’ordine delle parti della fabbrica, e la fan-<lb/>no moſtruoſa, o finalmente volendo moſtrare d’aver inteſo il modello alla guiſa <lb/>de mal ſaputi, e de’ſuperbi, oſtinatamente pretendono d’aver bene operato, e di <lb/>non aver biſogno de’diſegni, nè degli avvertimenti degli Architetti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s690" xml:space="preserve">Coſa la più dan-<lb/>noſa alle fabbriche, e la più nemica delle buone ragioni d’ Architettura e dell’ Arte <lb/>ſteſſa del murare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s691" xml:space="preserve">Come, perchè per eſſa s’ eſce del dritto, e del giuſto, ſecon-<lb/>do il quale ſi regola ogni Arte meccanica, e miniſtrativa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s692" xml:space="preserve">così perchè non fe-<lb/>guendoſi i diſegni degli Architetti, formati ſecondo la buona ragion d’ Architet-<lb/>tura, e le ſue regole, in quanto ſi richiede al ſito, alla comodità, e al biſogno <lb/>dell’ edificio, non obbediſcono alla dritta regola dell’ Architettura, la quale è la <lb/>Tramontana del bene operare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s693" xml:space="preserve">Onde la fabbrica diviene inutile, e la ſpeſa in tut-<lb/>to vana; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s694" xml:space="preserve">e per neceſſità convien dare a terra tutto il lavoro fatto per rifarlo di <lb/>nuovo, e ſervirſi d’ altri artefici: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s695" xml:space="preserve">oppure forz’ è laſciar l’ opera così mal condot-<lb/>ta in abbandono; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s696" xml:space="preserve">almeno cercar d’ emendarla, lo che è molto difficile: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s697" xml:space="preserve">o fi-<lb/>nalmente ridurſi ad uſarla con grandiſſimo diſpiacere, per moſtrare in parte di <lb/>non aver gittato i danari. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s698" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente i muratori d’ oſtinata opinione di loro ſtef-<lb/>ſi, i quali ſtimano di ſapere abbaſtanza, e di non aver biſogno d’ Architetti, che <lb/>ſtieno lor ſopra, e che affermano d’ eſſer più atti ad inſegnar loro, che a ſe-<lb/>guitare i diſcorſi, le regole, e i diſegni loro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s699" xml:space="preserve">ed eſſendo così pertinaci nella loro <lb/>pretenſione, non ſon docili, nè obbedienti, ma ſempre contraſtano al parer lo-<lb/>ro, e fanno ſempre profeſſione di ſeguir tutto il contrario di ciò, che da quelli <lb/>con buona ragione, e con ottime regole è ſtato lor dimoſtrato, e di far tutto <lb/>quello, che lor detta il proprio capriccio, il quale non ha altro fondamento, <lb/>che una certa pratica ſregolata, ſenza rettitudine alcuna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s700" xml:space="preserve">Laonde i fabbricatori, <lb/>e gli Architetti, eſſendo diſuniti, non ſi può far opera, che non abbia molti di-<lb/>fetti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s701" xml:space="preserve">E tutti queſti ſono i diſordini, e gl’ inconvenienti, e gli errori, che ven-<lb/>gono dagli Architetti, i quali hanno fatto mala elezione dei fabbricatori.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s702" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div21" type="section" level="1" n="21"> <head xml:id="echoid-head27" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VI. <lb/>Degli errori della mala elezione del tempo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s703" xml:space="preserve">AVendo a ragionare degli errori appartenenti all’ elezione del tempo, che ſi <lb/>fa dagli Architetti per fabbricare qualſivoglia ſpecie d’ edifizio, è neceſſa-<lb/>rio primieramente vedere ciò, che ſia queſto tempo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s704" xml:space="preserve">E perchè non ſi può co-<lb/>noſcer queſto tempo, di cui s’intende trattare in queſto Capitolo, ſenza proce-<lb/>der con diſtinzione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s705" xml:space="preserve">pertanto prima lo divideremo, e poi dimoſtreremo, quale <lb/>ſia il tempo inteſo in queſto luogo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s706" xml:space="preserve">Diciamo dunque, il tempo eſſere di due <lb/>ragioni, l’una il tempo comune, e l’altra il tempo proprio, e particolare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s707" xml:space="preserve">Il <lb/>tempo proprio, cioè, adattato, ſi è quello ſpazio breve, o lungo, il quale è la <lb/>miſura di tutto il corſo, o di qualunque parte di qualſivoglia operazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s708" xml:space="preserve">E <pb o="17" file="0033" n="33" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> queſto è l’ anno, il meſe, la ſettimana, il giorno, e l’ ora. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s709" xml:space="preserve">Secondo queſto ſi <lb/>miſura tutto il maneggio della fabbrica, conforme alla grandezza, o piccolezza <lb/>ſua, e alla facilità, e difficoltà, che vi ſi trova. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s710" xml:space="preserve">E quindi naſce, che talvolta <lb/>i lavori ſi miſurano a giornate, ſecondo le quali ſi regolano i pagamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s711" xml:space="preserve">Il <lb/>tempo comune non è altro, che una delle quattro parti, nelle quali è com-<lb/>partito tutto l’ anno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s712" xml:space="preserve">E detto comune, perchè conviene a ciaſcun’anno indiffe-<lb/>rentemente, non riguardando ad alcune differenze di numero. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s713" xml:space="preserve">Ogn’ anno ſi di-<lb/>vide in quattro parti, le quali ſi chiamano quattro tempi, e quattro ſtagioni, <lb/>e ſono la Primavera, l’ Eſtate, l’ Autunno, e l’ Inverno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s714" xml:space="preserve">Se ſi conſidera il tem-<lb/>po adattato, e proprio delle fabbriche, poſſiamo dire, che talvolta ſi determina <lb/>un tempo breve a qualſivoglia fabbrica, o piccola, o grande, o mediocre, ch’ <lb/>ella ſia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s715" xml:space="preserve">Come a un’anno, o a pochi meſi, o a pochi giorni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s716" xml:space="preserve">Ed in queſto <lb/>modo le fabbriche non avendo tutto il lor tempo debito, rieſcono finalmente <lb/>imperfette, o ſon poco durevoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s717" xml:space="preserve">Come fu quella parte di fabbrica di San Pietro <lb/>di Roma cominciata da Bramante, e il Palazzo, che fece fare Papa Siſto V. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s718" xml:space="preserve">a S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s719" xml:space="preserve">Giovanni Laterano.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s720" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s721" xml:space="preserve">E perchè le operazioni delle fabbriche ſono variabili, e ſi multiplicano ſecon-<lb/>do varj accidenti, perciò non ſi può coſtituire un tempo determinato in qual <lb/>ſivoglia opera di fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s722" xml:space="preserve">Quindi è, che non ſi può fare elezione di tempo <lb/>preciſo, in cui ſi poſſa condurre a perfezione ogni muramento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s723" xml:space="preserve">Onde mala-<lb/>mente fanno quelli, che ſi sforzano di finire le fabbriche loro in breve tempo, <lb/>a vendo guſto di vederle finite, e di ſervirſene: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s724" xml:space="preserve">ma toſto veggono con lor di-<lb/>ſguſto, che minacciano rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s725" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè a dir vero le fabbriche ſono come <lb/>le piante, che preſto naſcono, e che preſto creſcono, le quali hanno breviſſima <lb/>vita: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s726" xml:space="preserve">così le fabbriche, le quali in corto ſpazio di tempo ſi finiſcono, durano <lb/>poco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s727" xml:space="preserve">Per la qual coſa nel fabbricare ſi dee fuggire la ſoverchia preſtezza, ma <lb/>ſi dee concedere qualche ſpazio di quiete ai fondamenti, e quindi alle parti al-<lb/>zate delle muraglie, acciocchè abbiano tempo di far maggior preſa, ed aſſo-<lb/>darſi maggiormente, e perchè acquiſtino fermezza tale, da far reſiſtenza al pe-<lb/>ſo del rimanente di tutta la muraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s728" xml:space="preserve">Che non laſciandoſi poſare i fondamen-<lb/>ti, è neceſſario, che aggravati dal peſo calino, e tutto il muro ſi apra, ſi ſcom-<lb/>ponga, e minacci rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s729" xml:space="preserve">Ed in queſto modo accadono gli errori dalla parte <lb/>del tempo particolare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s730" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe ci voltiamo al tempo comune, cioè, alle quattro <lb/>ſtagioni dell’ anno, potremo dire, che ſi fa errore in eleggere il tempo per mu-<lb/>rare nell’ Invernata, non ſolamente a motivo della brevità dei giorni, ma an-<lb/>cora per cagione delle nevi, della molte piogge, e dei diacciati, che impedi-<lb/>ſcono il fabbricare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s731" xml:space="preserve">Si fa altresì errore ( benchè forſe non tanto, nè ſempre, <lb/>nè ugualmente in ogni luogo) fabbricando nell’ Eſtate per cagione della gran <lb/>ſiccità, e del gran caldo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s732" xml:space="preserve">l’una, che ſoverchiamente raſciuga le muraglie avan-<lb/>ti che facciano preſa, l’altra perchè in tal tempo ſi ſuole aver penuria d’ acqua, <lb/>ſe peravventura nel luogo, ove ſi fabbrica, non è copia d’acque vive, o gran-<lb/>di conſerve d’acque piovane, o non vi è vicino fiume, o lago, o comodità di <lb/>condurvi l’acque da altre parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s733" xml:space="preserve">Onde ſolamente la Primavera, e l’Autunno <lb/>ſon buoniſſime ſtagioni per fabbricare, ſebbene talora l’Eſtate non ſi rigetti. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s734" xml:space="preserve">Chiunque pertanto elegge queſte, non fa mai errore nei muramenti ſuoi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s735" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div22" type="section" level="1" n="22"> <head xml:id="echoid-head28" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VII. <lb/>Degli errori, che avvengono nella mala diſpoſizione del Diſegno, nella <lb/>mala ordinazione, e nel cattivo comparto.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s736" xml:space="preserve">NOn vi è alcun dubbio, che gli errori commeſſi nella diſpoſizione, nell’or-<lb/>dine, e nel compartimento dei diſegni, ſono i maggiori, che oltre all’ <lb/>elezione dei Siti, delle materie, degli Artefici, e del tempo, ſi trovino: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s737" xml:space="preserve">im-<lb/>perciocchè i diſegni degli Architetti eſſendo le forme, e le idee delle fabbriche, <lb/>e la norma di tutte le opere, e il primo principio immediato di eſſe, biſogna <lb/>immaginarſi, che tutti gli errori de’diſegni ſieno i principj, e le porte di tut- <pb o="18" file="0034" n="34" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> ti gli errori, che accadono nelle fabbriche, e ſpecialmente nella forma loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s738" xml:space="preserve">La <lb/>qual coſa è cagione di grandiſſimo ſcapito agli Architetti, poichè toglie loro <lb/>la grazia dei Principi, l’ opinione acquiſtata nelle Città, e la molta confiden-<lb/>za già guadagnata, onde ne riſulta loro ſommo danno, e nell’ onore, e nell’in-<lb/>tereſſe.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s739" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s740" xml:space="preserve">Allora i diſegni appariſcono mal diſpoſti, quando non ſon proporzionati ai <lb/>ſiti, e quando hanno difetto nelle miſure, nelle corriſpondenze, e nelle propor-<lb/>zioni delle parti, e finalmentete non hanno buono, e intiero componimento, <lb/>avendo difetto di luoghi, e di comodità, e mala diſpoſizione di ſcale, di trapaſſi, <lb/>e di lumi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s741" xml:space="preserve">E allora ſon male ordinati, quando non ſi è fatta buona diſpoſizione, <lb/>o diſtribuzione delle parti della fabbrica, cioè, quando le membra, che debbo-<lb/>no eſſere le principali, e le signore dell’ Arte, ſon fatte ſoggette, e collocate <lb/>nel ſecondo, e nell’ ultimo luogo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s742" xml:space="preserve">e quelle parti, che debbono eſſer libere, ſon <lb/>poſte ſotto qualche ſervitù. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s743" xml:space="preserve">Il medeſimo avviene nel compartimento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s744" xml:space="preserve">poichè <lb/>talvolta gli appartamenti delle abitazioni non ſon fatti proporzionati a tutte le co-<lb/>modità, e ai biſogni, alle ſcale, alle porte, alle fineſtre, ai trapaſſi, alle log-<lb/>ge, ai cortili, e non hanno buona diſtribuzione di lumi, di modo che non vi <lb/>ſia luogo, che non abbia lume; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s745" xml:space="preserve">e bene ſteſſo nei compartimenti delle fabbri-<lb/>che, e degli ornamenti loro non ſi uſa quella corriſpondenza di numero, di <lb/>miſura, di proporzione, e di ſomiglianza dovuta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s746" xml:space="preserve">E finalmente i diſegni non <lb/>ſon buoni, i quali non corriſpondono al deſiderio di chi vuol fabbricare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s747" xml:space="preserve">e <lb/>quindi procede, che le fabbriche le più volte non ſoddisfanno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s748" xml:space="preserve">Laonde per fug-<lb/>gire queſto inconveniente, l’ Architetto dee prima procurare d’eſſer bene infor-<lb/>mato dell’intenzione di chi gli richiede il diſegno, della grandezza, e della fi-<lb/>gura del ſito: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s749" xml:space="preserve">di poi dee fare un primo diſegno, non determinato, ma tenta-<lb/>tivo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s750" xml:space="preserve">e ſe non baſta queſto, ne faccia degli altri, e gli conferiſca con quelle <lb/>perſone, che vogliono fabbricare, acciocchè, ſe in qualche parte il diſegno foſ-<lb/>ſe fuor del voler loro, o vi mancaſſe alcuna coſa, o vi foſſe alcuna coſa <lb/>ſuperflua, inteſa meglio l’intenzione, e dove conſiſta il mancamento, poſſa <lb/>poi formare un diſegno determinato, in tutto corriſpondente alla volontà lo-<lb/>r<unsure/>o, totalmente perfetto, e che intieramente piaccia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s751" xml:space="preserve">E in tal guiſa l’ Archi-<lb/>tetto non erra, ed appaga chiccheſſia, e conſerva, e accreſce con ſua notabile <lb/>utilità la propria riputazione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s752" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div23" type="section" level="1" n="23"> <head xml:id="echoid-head29" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VIII. <lb/>Del provvedimento uſato dagli Antichi Romani contro gli errori <lb/>delle fabbriche.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s753" xml:space="preserve">GIà ſi ſono dimoſtrati gli errori degli Architetti, che ſi commettono avanti <lb/>al fabbricare: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s754" xml:space="preserve">e nella parte ſeguente ſi dee ragionare di quelli, che acca-<lb/>dono nello ſteſſo fabbricare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s755" xml:space="preserve">Ora in queſt’ultimo Capitolo della prima Parte <lb/>per non laſciare indietro coſa, che poſſa eſſere di ſomma utilità all’ inſegnamento <lb/>dell’ Archittetura, m’ ingegnerò di moſtrare, qual provvedimento uſaſſero gli an-<lb/>tichi Romani, che con l’eſquiſito governo loro furono mai ſempre la regola <lb/>del più perfetto Reggimento politico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s756" xml:space="preserve">Diciamo pertanto, come eſſi conoſcendo <lb/>bene, quanti errori accorreſſero intorno alle fabbriche, e per cagione degli Ar-<lb/>chitetti, e per colpa de’ miniſtri loro, dico de’fabbricatori, penſarono di rime-<lb/>diarvi con legge, ordinando, e comandando tutto quello, che ſi doveſſe fare in <lb/>qualſivoglia fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s757" xml:space="preserve">E per queſto fine iſtituirono alcune Leggi, e particolar-<lb/>mente quella, che ſi legge nelle Pandette ſotto il Titolo Ad Legem Juliam re-<lb/>petundarum. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s758" xml:space="preserve">E nel Paragrafo = Ne obl. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s759" xml:space="preserve">æxtim. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s760" xml:space="preserve">nella legge. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s761" xml:space="preserve">Ne in accept. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s762" xml:space="preserve">ferat. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s763" xml:space="preserve">è ſcritto così. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s764" xml:space="preserve">= Ne in acceptum feratur opus publicum faciundum; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s765" xml:space="preserve">frumen-<lb/>tum ne pubblice dandum, præbendum, apprehendendum: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s766" xml:space="preserve">Sarcta tecta tuenda, <lb/>antequam perfecta, probata, præſtita legerint. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s767" xml:space="preserve">Dove il Budeo nelle Annota-<lb/>zioni predette dice, doverſi leggere; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s768" xml:space="preserve">non apprehendendum, ſed approbandum, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s769" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>lege erunt, non legerint; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s770" xml:space="preserve">e ſegue dicendo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s771" xml:space="preserve">= Omnino enim ſic legendum eſt.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s772" xml:space="preserve"> <pb o="19" file="0035" n="35" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> Id quod etiam ipſe ſuſpicatus eſt Accurſius. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s773" xml:space="preserve">Sunt autem verba priſcæ Formulæ <lb/>in iis rebus, quæ publice locabantur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s774" xml:space="preserve">Lex pactum ſignificat. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s775" xml:space="preserve">Cicero in Prætu-<lb/>rara<unsure/> Urbana de ſarctis tectis loquens: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s776" xml:space="preserve">Rabonius qui Legem noſſet, qua in lege <lb/>numerus tantum columnarum traditur, Perpendiculi nulla fit mentio, negat <lb/>oportere columnas ad perpendiculum exigi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s777" xml:space="preserve">ideſt qui noſſet formulam, qua <lb/>ſarcta tecta a Prætoribus tuenda locabantur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s778" xml:space="preserve">Anzi più chiaramente ciò potre-<lb/>mo intendere oſſervando quello, che ſi dice da Cicerone ſteſſo nell’Orazione <lb/>contro a Cajo Verre: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s779" xml:space="preserve">= Cum eſſet omnibus in rebus apertiſſime impudentiſſi-<lb/>meque prædatus, hoc voluit clariſſimum relinquere indicium latrociniorum ſuo-<lb/>rum, de quo non audire aliquando, ſed videre quotidie poſſemus. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s780" xml:space="preserve">Quæſivit, <lb/>quis Aedem Caſtoris ſarctam tectam deberet tradere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s781" xml:space="preserve">Junium ipſum mortuum <lb/>eſſe ſciebat: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s782" xml:space="preserve">ſcire volebat, ad quem illa res pertineret; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s783" xml:space="preserve">audit pupillum eſſe fi-<lb/>lium; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s784" xml:space="preserve">homo, qui ita ſemper palam dictitaſſet, pupillos, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s785" xml:space="preserve">pupillas certiſſi-<lb/>mam prædam eſſe Prætoribus , optatum negotium ſibi in ſinum delatum eſ-<lb/>ſe, dicebat. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s786" xml:space="preserve">= E ſeguendo a ragionare del medeſimo, moſtrando la mala in-<lb/>tenzione di C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s787" xml:space="preserve">Verre, il quale voleva, che il pupillo foſſe obbligato ai reſtau-<lb/>ramenti del tetto del Tempio di Caſtore, chiamato a ſe Rabonio Tutore di <lb/>eſſo da Verre Pretore, egli gli diſſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s788" xml:space="preserve">= Signa & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s789" xml:space="preserve">dona comparere omnia : </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s790" xml:space="preserve">ip-<lb/>ſum templum omni opere eſſe integrum. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s791" xml:space="preserve">= A cui il Pretore ſoggiunſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s792" xml:space="preserve">= Sibi <lb/>videri indignum, ex tanta Aede, tantoque opere, ſe non opimum præda, præ-<lb/>ſertim a pupillo, diſcedere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s793" xml:space="preserve">= E per chiarirſi di ciò, e per cercare occaſione <lb/>di condannare il pupillo a qualche riſarcimento, andò al detto Tempio, ſiccome <lb/>ſi vede dalle parole ſeguenti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s794" xml:space="preserve">= Venit ipſe in Aedem Caſtoris: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s795" xml:space="preserve">conſiderat tem-<lb/>plum: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s796" xml:space="preserve">videt undique tectum pulcherrime laqueatum, prærerea cetera nova, atque <lb/>integra: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s797" xml:space="preserve">verſat ſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s798" xml:space="preserve">quærit, quid agat: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s799" xml:space="preserve">dicit ei quidam ex illis canibus, quos iſte <lb/>Ligur dixer at eſſe circa ſe multos: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s800" xml:space="preserve">Tu Verres, hic quod moliare nihil habes, ni-<lb/>ſi forte vis ad perpendiculum columnas exigere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s801" xml:space="preserve">Homo omnium rerum imperitus <lb/>quærit, quid ſit ad perpendiculum. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s802" xml:space="preserve">Dicunt ei, fere nullam eſſet columnam, <lb/>quæ a d perpendiculum eſſe poſſit: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s803" xml:space="preserve">jam mehercule inquit, ſic agamus: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s804" xml:space="preserve">columnæ <lb/>ad perpendiculum exigantur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s805" xml:space="preserve">Rabonius, qui Legem noſſet, qua in Lege nume-<lb/>rus tantum columnarum traditur, perpendiculi mentio fit nulla: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s806" xml:space="preserve">& </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s807" xml:space="preserve">qui non <lb/>putaret, ſibi expedire ita accipere, ne eodem modo reddendum eſſet, negat id <lb/>ſibi deberi, negat oportere exigi, &</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s808" xml:space="preserve">c.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s809" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s810" xml:space="preserve">Ma Aſconio Pediano ſopra queſto luogo ci riferiſce l’appreſſo erudizione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s811" xml:space="preserve">= <lb/>Nullam columnam, quæ ad perpendiculum eſſe poſſit. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s812" xml:space="preserve">Perpendiculum linea la-<lb/>terum æqualitatem probat (il che ſi vede nell’ uſo del piombino uſata dai fab-<lb/>bricatori) a ſummo ad imum altitudinem probans; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s813" xml:space="preserve">hoc enim in columnis o-<lb/>mnibus, tum maxime in ſtructilibus vetus (manca) amotio, tumoris non aliun-<lb/>de provenit (vi manca) non autem in quibus (ſcilicet columnis) aut media, <lb/>aut ima craſſiora ſunt. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s814" xml:space="preserve">= E ciò ſi dice con ragione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s815" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè nelle co-<lb/>lonne non ſtruttili, cioè non fabbricate di ſtruttura di pietre, o di mattoni, ſic-<lb/>come ſono i pilaſtri, non ſi ſuol fare ingroſſamento alcuno nel primo terzo da <lb/>baſſo, o nel mezzo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s816" xml:space="preserve">ma ſolamente nelle colonne d’un pezzo, o di più pezzi di <lb/>pietra ottimamente poſti in piano, e ſquiſitamente congiunti, come ſono le tre <lb/>colonne del Foro Romano, detto Campo Vaccino. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s817" xml:space="preserve">E veramente con ragione <lb/>la Legge non tratta, che le colonne ſi formino, o ſi collochino a perpendico-<lb/>lo, trattando ſoltanto del numero, che ſi dee uſare nelle fabbriche; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s818" xml:space="preserve">ed altresì <lb/>ancora dice, non eſſer biſogno far le colonne a perpendicolo, cioè, a piombo; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s819" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè ſi diminuiſcono verſo il ſommo capo, e s’ingroſſano verſo l’imo, <lb/>cioè nel primo terzo della loro altezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s820" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando ſi legge ſarta tecta nel nu-<lb/>mero del più, e nel numero del meno ſi direbbe ſartum tectum, ſi dee inten-<lb/>dere, eſſere una certa formula della Legge, la quale, per quel, ch’io credo, <lb/>non era altro, che il dinotare il lavoro, la fabbrica, o l’ armadura dei tetti, <lb/>cioè il collegamento delle materie, e il coprimento di tegole, ec. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s821" xml:space="preserve">Fra Giovan-<lb/>ni Genoveſe nel Dizionario intitolato Cattolicon, prende queſta parola pel ri-<lb/>ſtauro dei tetti de’ Templi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s822" xml:space="preserve">e per prova di ciò adduce un luogo della Scrittu-<lb/>ra Sagra, cioè del 4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s823" xml:space="preserve">Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s824" xml:space="preserve">dei Re nel cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s825" xml:space="preserve">12. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s826" xml:space="preserve">= Et inſtauraverunt ſarta te- <pb o="20" file="0036" n="36" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> cta Templi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s827" xml:space="preserve">= E l’Artefice di ciò ſi diceva Sarcitector, che è l’iſteſſo, che <lb/>faber tignarius.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s828" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s829" xml:space="preserve">E quella Legge, il cui Titolo è queſto = Lex parieti faciundo, intagliata <lb/>in marmo, trovato a Pozzuolo, e ſecondo che riferiſce Celſo Cittadini, ſi tro-<lb/>va in Caſa del Sig. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s830" xml:space="preserve">Adriano Spataſoro detto di Guglielmo, preſſo la Chieſa di <lb/>S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s831" xml:space="preserve">Giovanni Maggiore in Napoli, la quale in conferma di ciò, che ſi è detto, <lb/>e per maggior notizia degli Architetti ſi porrà quì appreſſo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s832" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s833" xml:space="preserve">AB . </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s834" xml:space="preserve">COLONIA . </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s835" xml:space="preserve">DEDVCTA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s836" xml:space="preserve">ANNO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s837" xml:space="preserve">XC.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s838" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s839" xml:space="preserve">NEVFIDIO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s840" xml:space="preserve">N F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s841" xml:space="preserve">M PVBLIO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s842" xml:space="preserve">DVOVIR.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s843" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s844" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s845" xml:space="preserve">RVTILIO GN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s846" xml:space="preserve">MANLIO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s847" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s848" xml:space="preserve">COS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s849" xml:space="preserve">OPERVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s850" xml:space="preserve">LEX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s851" xml:space="preserve">II.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s852" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s853" xml:space="preserve">LEX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s854" xml:space="preserve">PARIETI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s855" xml:space="preserve">FACIVNDO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s856" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s857" xml:space="preserve">AREA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s858" xml:space="preserve">QVAE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s859" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s860" xml:space="preserve">EST. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s861" xml:space="preserve">ANTE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s862" xml:space="preserve">AEDEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s863" xml:space="preserve">SERAPI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s864" xml:space="preserve">TRANS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s865" xml:space="preserve">VIAM.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s866" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s867" xml:space="preserve">QVI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s868" xml:space="preserve">REDEMERIT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s869" xml:space="preserve">PRAEDES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s870" xml:space="preserve">DATO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s871" xml:space="preserve">PREDIAQ.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s872" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s873" xml:space="preserve">SVBSIGNATO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s874" xml:space="preserve">DVVMVIRVM ARBITRATV.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s875" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s876" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s877" xml:space="preserve">AREA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s878" xml:space="preserve">TRANS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s879" xml:space="preserve">VIAM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s880" xml:space="preserve">PARIES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s881" xml:space="preserve">QVI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s882" xml:space="preserve">EST. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s883" xml:space="preserve">PROPTER.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s884" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s885" xml:space="preserve">VIAM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s886" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s887" xml:space="preserve">EO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s888" xml:space="preserve">PARIETE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s889" xml:space="preserve">MEDIO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s890" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s891" xml:space="preserve">OSTEI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s892" xml:space="preserve">LVMEN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s893" xml:space="preserve">APERITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s894" xml:space="preserve">LATVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s895" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s896" xml:space="preserve">VI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s897" xml:space="preserve">ALTVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s898" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s899" xml:space="preserve">VII.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s900" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s901" xml:space="preserve">FACITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s902" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s903" xml:space="preserve">EO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s904" xml:space="preserve">PARIETE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s905" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s906" xml:space="preserve">ANTAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s907" xml:space="preserve">DVAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s908" xml:space="preserve">AD. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s909" xml:space="preserve">MARE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s910" xml:space="preserve">VORSVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s911" xml:space="preserve">PROICITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s912" xml:space="preserve">LONGAS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s913" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s914" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s915" xml:space="preserve">II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s916" xml:space="preserve">CRASSAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s917" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s918" xml:space="preserve">I. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s919" xml:space="preserve">- - -</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s920" xml:space="preserve">INSVPER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s921" xml:space="preserve">ID. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s922" xml:space="preserve">LIMEN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s923" xml:space="preserve">ROBVSTVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s924" xml:space="preserve">LONGVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s925" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s926" xml:space="preserve">VIII.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s927" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s928" xml:space="preserve">LATVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s929" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s930" xml:space="preserve">I - - ALTVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s931" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s932" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s933" xml:space="preserve">- -</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s934" xml:space="preserve">IMPONITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s935" xml:space="preserve">INSVPER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s936" xml:space="preserve">ID. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s937" xml:space="preserve">ET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s938" xml:space="preserve">ANTAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s939" xml:space="preserve">MVTVLOS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s940" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s941" xml:space="preserve">ROBVSTOS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s942" xml:space="preserve">II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s943" xml:space="preserve">CRASSOS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s944" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s945" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s946" xml:space="preserve">- - ALTOS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s947" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s948" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s949" xml:space="preserve">I. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s950" xml:space="preserve">PROICITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s951" xml:space="preserve">EXTRA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s952" xml:space="preserve">PARIETEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s953" xml:space="preserve">IN VTRAMQVE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s954" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s955" xml:space="preserve">PARTEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s956" xml:space="preserve">P III. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s957" xml:space="preserve">INSVPER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s958" xml:space="preserve">SIMAS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s959" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s960" xml:space="preserve">PICTAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s961" xml:space="preserve">FERRO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s962" xml:space="preserve">OFEIGITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s963" xml:space="preserve">INSVPER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s964" xml:space="preserve">MVTVLOS TRA.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s965" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s966" xml:space="preserve">BICVLAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s967" xml:space="preserve">ABIEGNAS II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s968" xml:space="preserve">CRASSAS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s969" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s970" xml:space="preserve">QVOQVOVERSVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s971" xml:space="preserve">A. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s972" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s973" xml:space="preserve">IMPONITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s974" xml:space="preserve">FERROQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s975" xml:space="preserve">FIGITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s976" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s977" xml:space="preserve">INASSERATO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s978" xml:space="preserve">ASSERIBVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s979" xml:space="preserve">ABIEGNEIS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s980" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s981" xml:space="preserve">SECTILIBVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s982" xml:space="preserve">CRASSIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s983" xml:space="preserve">QVOQVOVERSVS = = DISPONI-<lb/>TO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s984" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s985" xml:space="preserve">PLVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s986" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s987" xml:space="preserve">- - OPERCVLAQVE ABIEGNEA.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s988" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s989" xml:space="preserve">IMPONITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s990" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s991" xml:space="preserve">TIGNO PEDARIO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s992" xml:space="preserve">FACITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s993" xml:space="preserve">ANTEPAGMEN-<lb/>TA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s994" xml:space="preserve">ABIEGNEA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s995" xml:space="preserve">LATA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s996" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s997" xml:space="preserve">- -</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s998" xml:space="preserve">CRASSA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s999" xml:space="preserve">E. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1000" xml:space="preserve">CVMATIVMQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1001" xml:space="preserve">IMPONITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1002" xml:space="preserve">FERROQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1003" xml:space="preserve">PLANO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1004" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1005" xml:space="preserve">FIGITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1006" xml:space="preserve">PORTVLAQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1007" xml:space="preserve">TEGITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1008" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1009" xml:space="preserve">TEGVLARVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1010" xml:space="preserve">ORDINIBVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1011" xml:space="preserve">SENEIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1012" xml:space="preserve">QVOQVOVERSVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1013" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1014" xml:space="preserve">TEGVLIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1015" xml:space="preserve">PRIMORES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1016" xml:space="preserve">OMNES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1017" xml:space="preserve">III. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1018" xml:space="preserve">ANTE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1019" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1020" xml:space="preserve">PAGMENTO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1021" xml:space="preserve">FERRO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1022" xml:space="preserve">FIGITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1023" xml:space="preserve">MARGINEMQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1024" xml:space="preserve">IMPONITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1025" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1026" xml:space="preserve">EISDEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1027" xml:space="preserve">FORES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1028" xml:space="preserve">CLATRATAS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1029" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1030" xml:space="preserve">II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1031" xml:space="preserve">CVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1032" xml:space="preserve">POSTIBVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1033" xml:space="preserve">ESCVLNIEIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1034" xml:space="preserve">FACITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1035" xml:space="preserve">STATVITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1036" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1037" xml:space="preserve">OCCLVDITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1038" xml:space="preserve">LIGATOQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1039" xml:space="preserve">ITA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1040" xml:space="preserve">VTEI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1041" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1042" xml:space="preserve">AD. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1043" xml:space="preserve">AEDEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1044" xml:space="preserve">HONORIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1045" xml:space="preserve">FACTA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1046" xml:space="preserve">SVNT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1047" xml:space="preserve">EISDEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1048" xml:space="preserve">MATERIA.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1049" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1050" xml:space="preserve">EXTREMA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1051" xml:space="preserve">PARIES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1052" xml:space="preserve">QVI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1053" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="21" file="0037" n="37" rhead="PARTE PRIMA."/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1054" xml:space="preserve">EST. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1055" xml:space="preserve">EVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1056" xml:space="preserve">PARIETEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1057" xml:space="preserve">CVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1058" xml:space="preserve">MARGINE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1059" xml:space="preserve">ALTAM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1060" xml:space="preserve">FACITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1061" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1062" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1063" xml:space="preserve">X. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1064" xml:space="preserve">EISDEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1065" xml:space="preserve">OSTIVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1066" xml:space="preserve">INTROITV.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1067" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1068" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1069" xml:space="preserve">AREA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1070" xml:space="preserve">QVOD. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1071" xml:space="preserve">NVNC. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1072" xml:space="preserve">EST. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1073" xml:space="preserve">ET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1074" xml:space="preserve">FENESTRAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1075" xml:space="preserve">QVAE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1076" xml:space="preserve">IN.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1077" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1078" xml:space="preserve">PARIETE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1079" xml:space="preserve">PROPTER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1080" xml:space="preserve">AREAM.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1081" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1082" xml:space="preserve">PERPETVOM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1083" xml:space="preserve">IMPONITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1084" xml:space="preserve">EOSQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1085" xml:space="preserve">PARIETES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1086" xml:space="preserve">MARGINES-<lb/>QVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1087" xml:space="preserve">OMNES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1088" xml:space="preserve">QVAE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1089" xml:space="preserve">LITA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1090" xml:space="preserve">NON.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1091" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1092" xml:space="preserve">ERVNT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1093" xml:space="preserve">CALCE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1094" xml:space="preserve">HARENATO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1095" xml:space="preserve">LITA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1096" xml:space="preserve">POLITAQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1097" xml:space="preserve">ET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1098" xml:space="preserve">CALCE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1099" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1100" xml:space="preserve">VDA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1101" xml:space="preserve">DEALBATA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1102" xml:space="preserve">RECTE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1103" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1104" xml:space="preserve">FACITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1105" xml:space="preserve">QVOD. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1106" xml:space="preserve">OPVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1107" xml:space="preserve">STRVCTILE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1108" xml:space="preserve">FIET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1109" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1110" xml:space="preserve">TERRA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1111" xml:space="preserve">CAL-<lb/>CIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1112" xml:space="preserve">EXTINCTAE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1113" xml:space="preserve">PARTEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1114" xml:space="preserve">QVARTAM.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1115" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1116" xml:space="preserve">INDITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1117" xml:space="preserve">NI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1118" xml:space="preserve">VE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1119" xml:space="preserve">MAIOREM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1120" xml:space="preserve">CAEMENTA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1121" xml:space="preserve">STRVITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1122" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1123" xml:space="preserve">QVAM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1124" xml:space="preserve">QVAE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1125" xml:space="preserve">CAÉMENTA.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1126" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1127" xml:space="preserve">---- ARBA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1128" xml:space="preserve">PENDAT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1129" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1130" xml:space="preserve">XV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1131" xml:space="preserve">NI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1132" xml:space="preserve">VE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1133" xml:space="preserve">ANGOLARIA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1134" xml:space="preserve">ALTIO-<lb/>REM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1135" xml:space="preserve">- - E. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1136" xml:space="preserve">FACITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1137" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1138" xml:space="preserve">LOCVMQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1139" xml:space="preserve">PVRVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1140" xml:space="preserve">PRO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1141" xml:space="preserve">EO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1142" xml:space="preserve">OPERE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1143" xml:space="preserve">REDDITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1144" xml:space="preserve">DIEM.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1145" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1146" xml:space="preserve">SACELLA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1147" xml:space="preserve">ARAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1148" xml:space="preserve">SIGNAQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1149" xml:space="preserve">QVAE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1150" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1151" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1152" xml:space="preserve">CM<unsure/>PO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1153" xml:space="preserve">SVNT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1154" xml:space="preserve">QVAE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1155" xml:space="preserve">DEMONSTRATA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1156" xml:space="preserve">ERVNT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1157" xml:space="preserve">EA.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1158" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1159" xml:space="preserve">OMNIA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1160" xml:space="preserve">TOLLITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1161" xml:space="preserve">DEFERTO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1162" xml:space="preserve">COM-<lb/>PONITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1163" xml:space="preserve">STATVITOQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1164" xml:space="preserve">VBEI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1165" xml:space="preserve">LOCVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1166" xml:space="preserve">DEMONSTRA-<lb/>TVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1167" xml:space="preserve">ERIT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1168" xml:space="preserve">DVOVIR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1169" xml:space="preserve">IDVVMVIRVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1170" xml:space="preserve">ARBITRATV.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1171" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1172" xml:space="preserve">HOC. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1173" xml:space="preserve">OPVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1174" xml:space="preserve">OMNE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1175" xml:space="preserve">FACITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1176" xml:space="preserve">ARBITRATV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1177" xml:space="preserve">DVOVIR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1178" xml:space="preserve">ET.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1179" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1180" xml:space="preserve">DVOVIRATIVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1181" xml:space="preserve">QVI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1182" xml:space="preserve">IN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1183" xml:space="preserve">CON-<lb/>SILIO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1184" xml:space="preserve">ESSE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1185" xml:space="preserve">SOLENT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1186" xml:space="preserve">PVTEOLIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1187" xml:space="preserve">DVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1188" xml:space="preserve">NI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1189" xml:space="preserve">MINVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1190" xml:space="preserve">VIGINTI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1191" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1192" xml:space="preserve">ADSIENT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1193" xml:space="preserve">CVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1194" xml:space="preserve">EA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1195" xml:space="preserve">RES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1196" xml:space="preserve">CON-<lb/>SVLETVR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1197" xml:space="preserve">QVOD. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1198" xml:space="preserve">EORVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1199" xml:space="preserve">VIGINTI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1200" xml:space="preserve">PROBAVE-<lb/>RIT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1201" xml:space="preserve">PROBVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1202" xml:space="preserve">ESTO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1203" xml:space="preserve">QVOD.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1204" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1205" xml:space="preserve">IEIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1206" xml:space="preserve">IMPROBARINT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1207" xml:space="preserve">IMPROBVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1208" xml:space="preserve">ESTO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1209" xml:space="preserve">DIES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1210" xml:space="preserve">OPERIS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1211" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1212" xml:space="preserve">K. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1213" xml:space="preserve">NOVEMBR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1214" xml:space="preserve">PRIMEIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1215" xml:space="preserve">DIES.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1216" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1217" xml:space="preserve">PEQVN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1218" xml:space="preserve">PARS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1219" xml:space="preserve">DIMIDIA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1220" xml:space="preserve">DABITVR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1221" xml:space="preserve">VBEI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1222" xml:space="preserve">PRAEDIA.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1223" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1224" xml:space="preserve">SATIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1225" xml:space="preserve">SVBSIGNATA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1226" xml:space="preserve">ERVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1227" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1228" xml:space="preserve">ALTERA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1229" xml:space="preserve">PARS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1230" xml:space="preserve">DIMIDIA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1231" xml:space="preserve">SOLVETVR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1232" xml:space="preserve">OPERE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1233" xml:space="preserve">EFFECTO <lb/>PROBATOQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1234" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1235" xml:space="preserve">BLOSSIVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1236" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1237" xml:space="preserve">Q. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1238" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1239" xml:space="preserve">HS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1240" xml:space="preserve">CID. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1241" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1242" xml:space="preserve">PRAES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1243" xml:space="preserve">Q. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1244" xml:space="preserve">FVFICIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1245" xml:space="preserve">Q. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1246" xml:space="preserve">F.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1247" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1248" xml:space="preserve">CN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1249" xml:space="preserve">TETTEIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1250" xml:space="preserve">Q. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1251" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1252" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1253" xml:space="preserve">CRANVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1254" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1255" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1256" xml:space="preserve">T. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1257" xml:space="preserve">CRASSICIVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1258" xml:space="preserve">..</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1259" xml:space="preserve">.</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1260" xml:space="preserve">Nella qual Legge, non ſolo ſi ordina ciò, che ſi dee oſſervare nella fabbrica <lb/>dei muri, e nella forma delle porte, e dei coprimenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1261" xml:space="preserve">ma ſi fa menzione an-<lb/>cora dell’approvare, e del riprovare le opere delle fabbriche, dando autorità ai <lb/>Curatori Edili di giudicarle, e d’approvarle; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1262" xml:space="preserve">e in uno ſteſſo tempo ſi ordina, <lb/>quando s’abbiano a fare i pagamenti, cioè, dando la metà del danaro, men-<lb/>tre ſi fabbrica l’opera, e l’altra metà, quando è finita, perfetta, e approvata. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1263" xml:space="preserve">Siccome ſi può ricavare dal Teſto nel Vocabolario, ove dice = Redemtores <lb/>proprie, atque antiqua conſuetudine dicebantur, ut cum ad faciundum, velut <lb/>præbendum quod induxerant, illud re efficiendum, tum demum pecunias reci-<lb/>piebant. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1264" xml:space="preserve">Indi Cicerone, ſcrivendo a Quinto ſuo Fratello, dice: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1265" xml:space="preserve">= Redemtori <lb/>tuo dimidium pecuniæ paravi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1266" xml:space="preserve">Il che è una cautela di chi ha allogato il la-<lb/>voro ai fabbricatori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1267" xml:space="preserve">Queſta Legge per ora non ſi eſporrà, per non dilungarci <pb o="22" file="0038" n="38" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> troppo dal noſtro ſcopo, baſtandoci d’averla dichiarata nel noſtro Teſoro dell’ <lb/>Architettura, ma porgendoſene a noi l’occaſione, non ricuſeremo d’eíporla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1268" xml:space="preserve">E <lb/>per non tacer le Leggi, che ſopra di ciò erano ſtate coſtituite in Roma, vi re-<lb/>citerò quelle, che ſi trovano nell’ Orazione VI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1269" xml:space="preserve">di Cicerone contro Cajo Verre <lb/>nel I. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1270" xml:space="preserve">Libro.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1271" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1272" xml:space="preserve">QVI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1273" xml:space="preserve">DE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1274" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1275" xml:space="preserve">MARTIO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1276" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1277" xml:space="preserve">PERPENNA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1278" xml:space="preserve">CENSORIBVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1279" xml:space="preserve">REDE-<lb/>MERIT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1280" xml:space="preserve">EVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1281" xml:space="preserve">SOCIVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1282" xml:space="preserve">NE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1283" xml:space="preserve">ADMITTITO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1284" xml:space="preserve">NEVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1285" xml:space="preserve">EI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1286" xml:space="preserve">PAR.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1287" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1288" xml:space="preserve">TEM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1289" xml:space="preserve">DATO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1290" xml:space="preserve">NEVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1291" xml:space="preserve">EI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1292" xml:space="preserve">REDIMITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1293" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1294" xml:space="preserve">SI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1295" xml:space="preserve">QVID. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1296" xml:space="preserve">OPERIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1297" xml:space="preserve">CAVSA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1298" xml:space="preserve">RESCIDERIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1299" xml:space="preserve">REFICITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1300" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1301" xml:space="preserve">QVI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1302" xml:space="preserve">REDEMERIT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1303" xml:space="preserve">SATIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1304" xml:space="preserve">DET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1305" xml:space="preserve">DAMNI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1306" xml:space="preserve">INFECTI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1307" xml:space="preserve">EI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1308" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1309" xml:space="preserve">QVI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1310" xml:space="preserve">A. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1311" xml:space="preserve">VETERE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1312" xml:space="preserve">REDEMTORE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1313" xml:space="preserve">ACCEPERIT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1314" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1315" xml:space="preserve">PECVNIA. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1316" xml:space="preserve">PRAESENS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1317" xml:space="preserve">SOLVATVR.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1318" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1319" xml:space="preserve">HOC. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1320" xml:space="preserve">OPVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1321" xml:space="preserve">BONO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1322" xml:space="preserve">SVO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1323" xml:space="preserve">QVOQVE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1324" xml:space="preserve">FACITO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1325" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1326" xml:space="preserve">Nondimeno prima, ch’io termini il preſente Capitolo, e queſta prima Par-<lb/>te, fa di meſtieri porre nell’altrui conſiderazione, e ſingolarmente di quelli, che <lb/>comandano, e che reggono, e governano le Città, che ſarebbe molto conve-<lb/>niente a qualunque Città bene ordinata l’avere alcuna Legge ſomigliante, ſpet-<lb/>tante alle Fabbriche, ſecondo la quale ſi deſſe regola, e norma tale agli Archi-<lb/>tetti, ed ai loro miniſtri, che foſſe cagione, che non ſi commetteſſe errore al-<lb/>cuno nelle fabbriche, e che i fabbricatori foſſero obbligati a fare quanto co-<lb/>mandaſſe la Legge, obbligando le loro facoltà, e gli eredi, o procacciandoſi <lb/>buone promeſſe, o mallevadori, ed errando, foſſero tenuti a rifar la fabbrica a <lb/>loro ſpeſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1327" xml:space="preserve">e non poteſſero domandare il pagamento a lor piacere, ma la me-<lb/>tà ſoltanto quando ſi fabbrica, e l’altra poi che il lavoro foſſe finito e appro-<lb/>vato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1328" xml:space="preserve">e così ciaſcuno ſarebbe ſervito a dovere, e ſi toglierebbe ogni occaſione <lb/>di litigare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1329" xml:space="preserve">Nè ciò ſarebbe irragionevole, avendo drittamente riguardo ad una <lb/>ſpecie di ben pubblico, e politico, e privato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1330" xml:space="preserve">E ſe ſi conſidera bene la detta <lb/>Legge in quanto ha cura della forma della fabbrica, noi potremo affermare, che <lb/>ad eſta ſi conforma l’iſtituzione, e l’uſo delle fabbriche de’Religioſi Regolari, <lb/>e Clauſtrali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1331" xml:space="preserve">E ciò (come ſi ritrae da Guido Pancirolo nel Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1332" xml:space="preserve">intitolato No-<lb/>va reperta), procede dall’aver eſſi ſeguito il modo di fabbricare delle abi-<lb/>tazioni degli Antichi, avendo eſſi donato i palazzi loro alle Religioni, on-<lb/>de poi hanno preſo il modello delle fabbriche loro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1333" xml:space="preserve">benchè i Monaci Certo-<lb/>ſini, e i Frati Cappuccini abbiano inventato un’altra foggia di fabbricare, la <lb/>quale, ſecondo la Regola loro, oſſervano ovunque ſono inviolabilmente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1334" xml:space="preserve">Anzinon <lb/>ſolamente gli Antichi provvidero al diſordine delle fabbriche pubbliche, e del-<lb/>le private delle Città con Leggi particolari; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1335" xml:space="preserve">ma ancora impoſero Leggi ſopra <lb/>la fabbrica delle Città, e particolarmente circa il compartimento delle Caſe, <lb/>comandando, che ſi faceſſero ſciolte l’una dall’altra con una certa miſura d’ <lb/>intervallo infra eſſe, acciocchè l’una non foſſe impedimento all’altra, ſiccome <lb/>oggi ſono i Palazzi in iſola, e come ſono alcune caſe in Siena, che hanno l’ <lb/>l’interſepio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1336" xml:space="preserve">(benchè ſi faceſſe per vietare l’appoggiamento alle mura del vi-<lb/>cino, e per aſſicurarſi dagli abbrugiamenti): </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1337" xml:space="preserve">ed in Caſole, Caſtello dello Sta-<lb/>to di Siena, ove le caſe ſono tutte iſolate, forſe conſorme alla Legge, che ſi <lb/>vede nell’ Autentica, nel Col. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1338" xml:space="preserve">V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1339" xml:space="preserve">De novi operis nunciatione maritimi aſpe-<lb/>pectus, parlando l’Imperador Giuſtiniano della Città di Coſtantinopoli, dice co-<lb/>sì: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1340" xml:space="preserve">= Cauſam, que doloſa fit in hac Regin Civitate, circa domuum ædificia, <lb/>cohibere, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1341" xml:space="preserve">emendare juſtum credimus. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1342" xml:space="preserve">Quia enim certis menſuris diſtare do-<lb/>mos ab invicem Zenonis piæ memoriæ Conſtitutio dicit, ſed & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1343" xml:space="preserve">nos aliquid ta-<lb/>le ſancimus. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1344" xml:space="preserve">Sequitur autem in hac regia Urbe non poſſe aliquid ultra centum <lb/>pedes prohibere maris aſpectum terræ gratiſſimum, &</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1345" xml:space="preserve">c. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1346" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè in Con-<lb/>ſtantinopoli alcuni fabbricavano le caſe lontane dal vicino cento piedi, e più; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1347" xml:space="preserve">ma per malignità alzavano un muro, ed impedivano la viſta del mare, che è <lb/>la più dilettevole, e la più grata coſa, che ſi poſſa vedere, quando però è <lb/>quieto, e pacifico.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1348" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="23" file="0039" n="39"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div24" type="section" level="1" n="24"> <head xml:id="echoid-head30" xml:space="preserve">SECONDA PARTE</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head31" xml:space="preserve">CAPO I. <lb/>Degli errori, che occorrono nel fabbricare.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1349" xml:space="preserve">GLl errori, che accadono nel fabbricare, ſono di grandiſſima conſiderazio-<lb/>ne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1350" xml:space="preserve">poichè quantunque ſiaſi eletto buon ſito, buone materie, fabbricato-<lb/>ri eccellenti, e buona ſtagione per fabbricare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1351" xml:space="preserve">nondimeno non baſta a condur-<lb/>re a perfezione qualunque fabbrica, quando ſi commettono errori nel fabbrica-<lb/>re: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1352" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè tutte le dette coſe ſieno ordinate all’operazione dell’edificare. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1353" xml:space="preserve">E la fabbrica allora procede ſenza errori, quando vi aſſiſte la diligenza dell’ <lb/>Architetto, che ſia eccellentiſſimo, e accorto, e quando ſi ſono eletti miniſtri <lb/>molto pratichi, e dabbene, e intendentiſſimi d’ogni ragion di fabbrica, e ca-<lb/>paci d’ogni avvertimento, e d’ogni regola d’Architettura, obbedienti, non o-<lb/>ſtinati, nè di propria opinione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1354" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando le fabbriche ſon prive di tale aſ-<lb/>ſiſtenza, ed eſeguite da Artefici non pratichi, e poco intendenti dell’Arte lo-<lb/>ro, allora è neceſſario, che gli edifizj non ſi finiſcano ſenza notabili errori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1355" xml:space="preserve">E <lb/>la colpa di tutto ciò cade ſopra gli Architetti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1356" xml:space="preserve">poichè è uficio di buono Ar-<lb/>chitetto eleggere buoni Miniſtri, e continuamente aſſiſtere alle fabbriche.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1357" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div25" type="section" level="1" n="25"> <head xml:id="echoid-head32" xml:space="preserve">CAPO II. <lb/>Degli errori, che ſi fanno nei fondamenti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1358" xml:space="preserve">QUelli errori nelle fabbriche ſono di grandiſſimo danno, che ſi commetto-<lb/>no nei fondamenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1359" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè portan ſeco la rovina di tutta la fabbri-<lb/>ca, nè ſi poſſono ſenza ſomma difficoltà, e ſenza certiſſimo pericolo e-<lb/>mendare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1360" xml:space="preserve">Ma non ſi può aver perfetta cognizione di eſſi, ſe prima non ſi ſa, <lb/>quante ſieno le ſpecie de’fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1361" xml:space="preserve">Diciamo pertanto, che i fondamenti, o <lb/>ſi fanno in terreno aſciutto, ſolido, e fermo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1362" xml:space="preserve">o in luogo paludoſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1363" xml:space="preserve">ovvero in <lb/>acqua. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1364" xml:space="preserve">O diſtinguendo altramente, affermiamo, che de’fondamenti altri ſono <lb/>naturali, e altri artificiali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1365" xml:space="preserve">E in tutte queſte maniere ſpeſle volte occorre l’er-<lb/>rore, ſiccome dimoſtreremo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1366" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1367" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque ſi fanno i fondamenti nel terreno aſciutto, e ſodo, ſi com-<lb/>mette notabile errore, non uſandoſi avanti del cavamento, ed al gittare i fon-<lb/>damenti quella diligenza, che ſi conviene in oſſervare i cavamenti de’pozzi, delle <lb/>ciſterne, e delle cantine, che ſon preſſo al luogo delle fabbriche, e riguardando l’erbe, <lb/>e gli alberi ſoliti naſcere in terreni fermi, e ſodi, come la canapicchia, cioè tigna-<lb/>mica, la nepitella, la pimpinella, ed altre: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1368" xml:space="preserve">l’olmo, il leccio, la quercia l’uli-<lb/>vaſtro, la gineſtra, il ginepro, e più diverſe piante ſpinoſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1369" xml:space="preserve">ovvero ſe ſi fan-<lb/>no in terreni non fermi, nè ſtabili, come ſono le ſpecie della creta, del cre-<lb/>tone, la terra cimolia, detta terra da purgo, le quali ſentendo l’umidità a mo-<lb/>tivo di lor natura untuoſa, ſi muovono, e ſcorrono, e mutan luogo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1370" xml:space="preserve">nè facen-<lb/>done prova, laſciando cader ſopra il ſuolo qualche grave peſo dall’alto, e oſſervan-<lb/>do, ſe riſuona, o trema: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1371" xml:space="preserve">nè facendo altre ſperienze, per eſaminar bene la bontà <lb/>del terreno per iſtabilirvi i fondamenti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1372" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè, ſe non ſi fanno tutte le <lb/>diligenze neceſſarie avanti al cavare i fondamenti, ma ſi procede ſconſiderata-<lb/>mente, e a caſo fidandoſi de’cavatori, la muraglia non riceve conveniente, e <lb/>ſtabile poſamento, e avanti che ſia finita, minaccia rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1373" xml:space="preserve">Si erra, ol-<lb/>tre a ciò, mentre non ſi oſſerva, ſe il terreno ſia per tutto ugualmente fermo <lb/>e ſodo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1374" xml:space="preserve">poichè quando conoſciuto, eſſer così in una parte ſola, penſiamo, che <lb/>ſia così nel tutto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1375" xml:space="preserve">fidandoſi di tale oſſervazione vi gettiamo i fondamenti toſto <lb/>che il muro ſi alza, e ſi aggrava, la prima falda del terreno cede al baſſo, e <lb/>la muraglia calando, s’affonda più in giù, e ſi ſtacca da quella parte, che ha <pb o="24" file="0040" n="40" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> ottenuto buon fondamento, onde finalmente rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1376" xml:space="preserve">Per la qual coſa, ſecondo <lb/>l’avvertimento dell’Alberti, non biſogna contentarſi, trovato il terreno ſodo, <lb/>avendo cavato poco addentro, e in una ſola parte, ma ſi deve cavar più giù, <lb/>tanto che ſi trovi il terreno ſodo, fermo, ſtabile, unito, non poroſo, nè ca-<lb/>vernoſo, e buono per iſtabilirvi i fondamenti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1377" xml:space="preserve">e così dee farſi fondando le mu-<lb/>raglie per iſchivare ogni inconveniente.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1378" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1379" xml:space="preserve">Nella ſteſſa guiſa, trovato buon terreno in una parte, ſi dee vedere, ſe in <lb/>un’altra ſi trova, e non trovandoſi, ſi dee cavar più al baſſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1380" xml:space="preserve">poichè il terre-<lb/>no ſodo non ſi trova nel medeſimo piano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1381" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè le parti della terra ſon <lb/>fatte a falde, e alla guiſa delle ſcaglie delle cipolle, ſecondo l’incurvamento, <lb/>e ſecondo la pendenza dei monti, dei colli, e delle valli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1382" xml:space="preserve">E non oſſervandoſi <lb/>queſte coſe, ſi commette graviſſimo errore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1383" xml:space="preserve">poichè la muraglia poco indugia <lb/>a dar ſegno di rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1384" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe il detto terreno ſarà renoſo, e ſmoſſo, e ſciolto, <lb/>ſarà error peggiore il fabbricarvi, mentre in eſſo non ſi poſſono ſtabilire le mu-<lb/>raglie non ſolo per lungo tempo, ma nemmeno per breve. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1385" xml:space="preserve">Adunque, per non <lb/>errare, dee ogni Architetto eſſere informato di tutte le ſpecie di terreni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1386" xml:space="preserve">Però di-<lb/>ciamo, che il terreno, ove ſi ha da fabbricare, o è per tutto ugualmente ſodo, <lb/>e queſto è ottimo per farvi i fondamenti, che è di più ragioni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1387" xml:space="preserve">poichè altro è <lb/>cosi<unsure/> duro, che appena ſi può tagliare col ferro, ed è uua ſpecie di tufo la mi-<lb/>gliore di tutte: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1388" xml:space="preserve">altro non è così ſodo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1389" xml:space="preserve">ma tutta via reſiſte ottimamente al pe-<lb/>ſo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1390" xml:space="preserve">od è un terreno, che nereggia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1391" xml:space="preserve">e queſto è buono per fondamenti, mentre <lb/>è più arido: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1392" xml:space="preserve">od è un altro, che biancheggia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1393" xml:space="preserve">e queſto è più debole; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1394" xml:space="preserve">onde po-<lb/>tendoſi fuggire, ſarebbe errore il fabbricarvi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1395" xml:space="preserve">poichè in eſſo le fabbriche non poſ-<lb/>ſono avere buono, e perpetuo fondamento, qualora non vi ſi ſuppliſca coll’arte, <lb/>cioè, facendo i fondamenti molto più groſſi e fortificandogli intorno con con-<lb/>trafforti, o con ſperoni, o con barbacani; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1396" xml:space="preserve">ovvero almeno fortificandogli verſo <lb/>la parte, che inclina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1397" xml:space="preserve">ed altro è un terreno tutto creta, o cretoſo, e queſto nei <lb/>fondamenti è fallace, eſſendo ſoggetto all’umido, per cui cede al peſo, e ſi muo-<lb/>ve, eſſendo fatto a modo di falde (come ſi è detto altrove) e fra una falda, e <lb/>l’altra trovandoſi una ſpecie di terra bianca, la quale è di ſoſtanza ſottile, graſ-<lb/>ſa, e untuoſa, che è una ſpecie di morga, che da Giorgio Agricola ſi dice eſſe-<lb/>re la più graſſa terra, che ſi trovi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1398" xml:space="preserve">la quale, toſto che ſente l’umidità, ſi fa <lb/>come un unguento, onde la falda, che le ſta ſopra, aggravata dal peſo, ſcorre, <lb/>e calando al baſſo muta luogo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1399" xml:space="preserve">Il che è cagione, che le fabbriche rovina-<lb/>no, aprendoſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1400" xml:space="preserve">o tutte intiere ſi muovono inſieme col terreno, e mutan luo-<lb/>go, ſiccome alcune volte hanno fatto i campi, e le intere Città. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1401" xml:space="preserve">E perciò è <lb/>grandiſſimo errore, non eſſendo forzati, il fabbricarvi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1402" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe altri ſarà pur ne-<lb/>ceſſitato a porvi i fondamenti, dovrà tener queſt’ordine per aſſicurarſi bene. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1403" xml:space="preserve">Faccianſi alla muraglia dei fondamenti, ad ogni due, o tre braccia, alcuni ſpe-<lb/>roni fatti a modo di branche, ovvero a mezz’archi, i quali, come Saettoni, <lb/>o puntelli, entrino ſotto il muro dalla parte del terreno, che piega, (il che <lb/>ſi conoſce per le ſue vene) facendo il poſamento loro molto più baſſo di quello <lb/>della muraglia, e tanto lontano da eſſo, che vi ſi poſſa far l’arco, o la branca, <lb/>cavando il terreno, dove ſi dee fare a modo di mezze centine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1404" xml:space="preserve">Il che ſi ren-<lb/>derà più chiaro col diſegno poſto quì appreſſo, e accompagnato coll’eſempio <lb/>del modo di fare i fondamenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1405" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="25" file="0041" n="41" rhead="PARTE SECONDA"/> <figure> <image file="0041-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0041-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0041-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0041-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption2" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Profilo del fondamento insieme col contraforte</caption> </figure> <pb o="26" file="0042" n="42" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0042-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0042-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption3" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Forma del Jerreno di gretn</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0042-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0042-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption4" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fondamento da farsi nella greta</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0042-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0042-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption5" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Speroni fatti ad’ <lb/>archi.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0042-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0042-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption6" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Profilo del medesimo fondamento insieme col <lb/>modo di assicurar il terreno sospeso.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0042-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0042-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption7" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cavamento per far lo sperone</caption> </figure> <pb o="27" file="0043" n="43" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1406" xml:space="preserve">Altro è quello, che comunemente è detto tufo, il quale, benchè ſia ſodo, <lb/>alcuna volta è fallace, eſſendo cavernoſo, e fatto come la creta, benchè non <lb/>abbia le falde, e gli sfogli così ſpeſſi, e non ſia così diſpoſto a muoverſi, con <lb/>tutto che gli@ ſi frapponga una ſpecie di terra, che bagnata ſi faccia co-<lb/>me unguento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1407" xml:space="preserve">E però è agevol coſa l’errare facendovi i fondamenti, ſenza <lb/>uſare accorgimento alcuno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1408" xml:space="preserve">poichè non baſta nel cavare averlo trovato, ma <lb/>biſogna penetrar più ſotto, far diligenza, oſſervando bene il terreno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1409" xml:space="preserve">Che <lb/>ſe vi ſi fabbrica, ſenza cavar più baſſo, può accadere, che ſotto vi ſia qual-<lb/>che caverna, o qualche poroſità naturale, onde aggravato il fondamento la <lb/>muraglia sfonda il terreno, ſicchè ne rimane buona parte aſſorbita da eſſo, <lb/>ſiccome s’avverte molto bene da Leon Battiſta Alberti nel 3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1410" xml:space="preserve">Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1411" xml:space="preserve">dell’Architet-<lb/>tura al Cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1412" xml:space="preserve">3.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1413" xml:space="preserve">, ove dice, che in neſſun luogo non è da fidarſi così ſubito tro-<lb/>vato il bancone, che ricusi il ferro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1414" xml:space="preserve">Perchè queſto potrebb’eſſere in una pia-<lb/>nura, ed eſſere infermo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1415" xml:space="preserve">anzi ancora vi potrebb’eſſere alcuna concavità, o ac-<lb/>qua, o terreno graſſo, e inſtabile, come terra cimelia, o rena, o ſabbia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1416" xml:space="preserve">On-<lb/>de l’Alberti ſoggiunge d’aver veduto una torre preſſo a Meſtre Caſtello de’ <lb/>Veneziani, la quale fabbricata, dopo qualche anno, che fu ſatta, forato col <lb/>ſuo peſo il terreno, ſopra cui era piantata, ſottile, e debole, ſi ſotterrò qua-<lb/>ſi infino alle merlature. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1417" xml:space="preserve">E ſe avviene, che tutta la fabbrica non ſi diſcoſti <lb/>dal terreno, rimanendovi una parte ſopra il ſuo poſamento, queſta reſiſten-<lb/>do, e quella calando, cagiona eſpreſſa rovina, e lo ſteſſo Autore nel X. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1418" xml:space="preserve">Lib. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1419" xml:space="preserve">Cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1420" xml:space="preserve">1 dice = Per l’iſtorie ſappiamo, come Bun, ed Elide, l’una da un’ <lb/>apertura della terra, e l’altra dall’onde furono ſommerſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1421" xml:space="preserve">E non è ſicuro di <lb/>non errare chi fa i fondamenti in luoghi paludoſi, poichè in eſſi il terre-<lb/>no è troppo umido, e molto ſi profonda dal peſo delle muraglie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1422" xml:space="preserve">Ma per non <lb/>errare, biſogna fare le foſſe larghe, fortificar le ſponde di qua, e di là, con pa-<lb/>li, con graticci, con tavole, con alga, o con paglia, o con altro, affinchè l’ <lb/>acqua non penetri, e non ſcoli, e riempia i cavamenti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1423" xml:space="preserve">che ſe vi ſarà calata <lb/>l’acqua, ſi dee toſto cavare, o vi ſi debbono prima fare le palificate di legna-<lb/>mi, che reſiſtano all’umido, e con pali di conveniente lunghezza, e di groſſezza <lb/>poſti inſieme ſpeſſi, e beniſſimo battuti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1424" xml:space="preserve">Che quando per negligenza, e per ava-<lb/>rizia, o per brevità di tempo ſi faceſſe il contrario, ſarebbe graviſſimo errore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1425" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>E finalmente, ſiccome è molto difficile, e di molta fatica il fare i fondamen-<lb/>ti in acqua, così è faciliſſima coſa il commettervi errori, eſſendo l’acqua un <lb/>impedimento quaſi inſuperabile, pel quale altri non può vedere, e ſquiſitamen-<lb/>te oſſervare il terreno, dove ſi hanno da fondare le muraglie, e ſpecialmente nel <lb/>Mare, e ne’Laghi, ſe prima non ſi cerca per mezzo di macchine di cavar l’ <lb/>acqua, e ritenerla, affinchè non torni a riempire il luogo del fondamento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1426" xml:space="preserve">La-<lb/>onde non potendoſi veder da vicino la qualità del terreno, non eſſendo ſicuri, <lb/>ſe ſotto l’acqua ſia ſodo, efermo, e ſe vi è ſabbione, o rena, o fango, è faciliſſimo <lb/>l’errare, o per inavvertenza, o per avarizia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1427" xml:space="preserve">Benchè, ſecondo l’opinione d’alcuni <lb/>il miglior terreno, che ſi trovi per fondare, ſia quello, che ſi trova ſott’acqua. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1428" xml:space="preserve">Il <lb/>che per le ragioni dette non ſi può aſſolutamente aſſermare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1429" xml:space="preserve">E tutto queſto, <lb/>che ſi è detto, appartiene alla prima diſtinzione dei fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1430" xml:space="preserve">Ora, per con-<lb/>durre a fine il diſcorſo di queſto Capitolo, il quale forſe per la neceſſità della <lb/>materia è più importante d’ogni altro del preſente Trattato, prenderemo a con-<lb/>ſiderar quello, che appartiene alla ſeconda diſtinzione dei fondamenti, là, dove <lb/>ſi diſſe, altri eſſere i fondamenti naturali, e altri gli artificiali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1431" xml:space="preserve">I fondamenti <lb/>naturali ſono tutte le ſpecie di terreni, de’quali ſi è forſe ragionato a baſtanza, <lb/>fra i quali ſi dee porre il terreno ſaſſoſo, cioè quello, in cui ſi trovano maſſi di tufo du-<lb/>riſſimo, di pietra forte, di pietra ſerena, e di tiſchio, che è una ragion di pietra <lb/>fatta naturalmente di ſpeſſiſſime, e di minute, e di groſſe ghiare, collegate in-<lb/>ſieme da una terra impietrita, la quale è come tartaro, e fa il medeſimo ufi-<lb/>cio che la calcina nei calceſtruzzi, o negli ſmalti, o di travertino da torre; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1432" xml:space="preserve">le <lb/>cave del quale ſi vedono inſino a Siena, e più lontane. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1433" xml:space="preserve">Ed in queſto terreno, <lb/>ſiccome anche negli altri, non è ſempre ſicuro il fare i fondamenti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1434" xml:space="preserve">con- <pb o="28" file="0044" n="44" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> cioſſiachè le pietre poco ſi profondino, onde ſotto ſi trova una ſpecie di ter-<lb/>reno roſſo, viſcoſo, e penetrabile, che inſieme coll’acqua è la materia proſ-<lb/>ſima delle dette pietre; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1435" xml:space="preserve">che da eſſa ſi forma con certo ſugo, in cui conſi-<lb/>ſte la virtù petrificabile; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1436" xml:space="preserve">e ſe profondano, non ſono continuate; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1437" xml:space="preserve">perlochè <lb/>il terreno interpoſto non è ſempre buono per fondamento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1438" xml:space="preserve">ovvero i maſſi del-<lb/>le pietre ſtanno ſoſpeſi da qualche parte, e ſotto ad eſſi ſi aſconde qualche <lb/>concavità; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1439" xml:space="preserve">talchè eſſendo ſoverchiamente aggravati, ſi rompono, e ſon ca-<lb/>gione di rovina, e ſpecialmente eſſendo ſottili, o per natura non atti a ſo-<lb/>ſtentare il peſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1440" xml:space="preserve">E benchè ciò fuſſe (come ſi riferiſce dall’Alberti nel me-<lb/>deſimo luogo) nondimeno l’Architetto, e i ſuoi Miniſtri non debbono perder-<lb/>ſi d’animo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1441" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè egli dice = Cava con buona ventura i fondamenti, <lb/>finchè tu trovi il terreno ſodo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1442" xml:space="preserve">benchè non vi ſia regola ferma, poichè la ter-<lb/>ra per ſua natura è compoſta di doppj filoni, i quali ſono di varie maniere, <lb/>cioè, o ſabbionoſi, o renoſi, o ſaſſoſi, ſotto ai quali variamente ſi trova un <lb/>bancone ſerrato, ſpeſſo, gagliardo, duriſſimo, e atto a reggere gli Edifizj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1443" xml:space="preserve">E <lb/>queſto è vario; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1444" xml:space="preserve">poichè le parti ſue infra loro ſono molto diſſimili, mentre <lb/>in una parte ſi trova duriſſimo, in un’altra è roſſo, o nero, o bianco, il qua-<lb/>le è il più debole di tutti, ſiccome ſi è moſtrato avanti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1445" xml:space="preserve">Altrove ſono di cre-<lb/>ta, o di tufo, o d’argilla meſcolata con ghiara. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1446" xml:space="preserve">Delle quali ſpecie di terreno <lb/>non ſi può far certo, e ſicuro giudizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1447" xml:space="preserve">I fondamenti artificiali ſono, o le pa-<lb/>lificate, o travamenti, o modelli di legname, o gran maſſi di pietra ammonta-<lb/>ti l’un ſopra l’altro, o le navi, ovvero le barche, o finalmente le muraglie vec-<lb/>chie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1448" xml:space="preserve">Nelle palificate è facil coſa il fare errore, ſiccome è noto per le coſe det-<lb/>te, cioè, quando non ſi fanno tutte le diligenze, che ſi richiedono; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1449" xml:space="preserve">cosìanco-<lb/>ra fabbricando ſopra travamenti, cioè, quando le travi ſaranno verdi, o ſotti-<lb/>li, o di legname pieghevole, o frangibile; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1450" xml:space="preserve">e lo ſteſſo poſfiamo dire dei Mo-<lb/>delli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1451" xml:space="preserve">O quando queſti legnami non poſſono durare ſtando ſott’acqua. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1452" xml:space="preserve">Laon-<lb/>de per fuggire ſifſ<unsure/>atti inconvenienti, ſi uſino i legnami di caſtagno, e di quer <lb/>cia, che ſono di natura immarceſcibile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1453" xml:space="preserve">Si adoperi l’alno, il quale (come di-<lb/>ce Caſtor Durante) è buono nei fondamenti in acqua, e non ſi putrefà ſott’ <lb/>acqua, e le palificate, che ſe ne fanno, ben ſerrate, ſoftentano ſopra ſe ogni <lb/>gran macchina d’edifizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1454" xml:space="preserve">Il fare i fondamenti ſopra i maſſi di pietra gittati, e ammon-<lb/>tati, come ſi coſtuma nelle fabbriche dei Porti, ſe non ſi accompagna con buono ac-<lb/>corgimento, e con diligenza, procurandoſi, che le pietre gittate ſieno grandi, <lb/>e ſi accoſtino bene inſieme; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1455" xml:space="preserve">che ſe ſaranno altrimenti, non vi ſi muri ſopra, <lb/>e ſe vi ſi murerà, la muraglia non avrà buon fondamento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1456" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè en-<lb/>trando l’acqua del Mare con impeto nei luoghi vacui, e lavorando del conti-<lb/>nuo, finalmente potrebbe ſcalzare le pietre, e cacciarle fuori del luogo loro. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1457" xml:space="preserve">Ma il fare fondamenti ſopra navi, ovvero barche (ſiccome ſi legge, eſſere ſta-<lb/>ta fondata la Torre al Faro del Porto Romano da Claudio Imperatore, che fu <lb/>edificata a ſomiglianza del Faro d’Aleſſandria, ſiccome ſi legge nel Capitolo <lb/>20. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1458" xml:space="preserve">della Vita del detto Claudio nelle appreſſo parole: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1459" xml:space="preserve">= Portum Oſtiæ extruxit, <lb/>circumdato dextra, ſiniſtraque brachio, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1460" xml:space="preserve">ad introitum profundo jamſalo mole <lb/>objecta, quam conſtabilis fundaret, navem ante demerſit, qua magnus Obeliscus <lb/>ex Ægypto fuerat advectus, congeſtisque pilis ſuperpoſuit altiſſimam turrim in <lb/>exemplum Alexandrini Fari, ut ad nocturnos ignes curſum navigia dirigerent.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1461" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1462" xml:space="preserve">E Plinio nel Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1463" xml:space="preserve">36. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1464" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1465" xml:space="preserve">9. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1466" xml:space="preserve">= Super omnia exceſſit difficultas mari Romam <lb/>devehendi, ſpectatis admodum navibus. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1467" xml:space="preserve">Divus Auguſtus priorem advexerat, mi-<lb/>raculique gratia Puteolis navalibus perpetuis dicaverat: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1468" xml:space="preserve">ſed incendio conſumta <lb/>eſt. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1469" xml:space="preserve">Divus Claudius aliquot per annos aſſervatam, qua Cajus Cæſar importave-<lb/>rat, omnibus, quæ unquam in mari viſæ ſunt, mirabiliorem, turribus Puteola-<lb/>no ex pulvere exædificatis, perductam oſtiam, portus gratia merſit & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1470" xml:space="preserve">c.)</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1471" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1472" xml:space="preserve">Il far, dico, tali fondamenti è molto ſicuro, poichè aggravata la nave, o la <lb/>barca dal peſo della muraglia, ſi profonda fortemente nel letto del mare, il <lb/>quale ricevendola nel fondamento, l’abbraccia fortemente, di maniera che non <lb/>vi è pericolo, che cali, nè che ſia forzata da parte alcuna dall’impeto dell’ac-<lb/>qua, nè ſia ſcavato il ſuo fondamento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1473" xml:space="preserve">la qual maniera di fabbricare ſi può ri- <pb o="29" file="0045" n="45" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> trarre da Plinio 2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1474" xml:space="preserve">nel ſeſto Libro delle ſue Epiſtole, e ſpecialmente in quel-<lb/>la, che ſcrive a Corneliano, circa il fine della quale parla del Porto di Tra-<lb/>jano, che era ove è oggi Civita-vecchia, altramente detta Centumcellæ, di-<lb/>cendo così: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1475" xml:space="preserve">= Villa pulcherrima cingitur viridiſſimis agris: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1476" xml:space="preserve">imminet littori, cu-<lb/>jus in ſinum quam maximus portus, velut amphitheatrum. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1477" xml:space="preserve">Hujus ſiniſtrum bra-<lb/>chium firmiſſimo opere munitum eſt, dextrum elaboratur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1478" xml:space="preserve">In ore portus inſula <lb/>aſſurgit, quæ illatum vento mare objacens frangat, tutumque ab utroque late-<lb/>re decurſum navibus præſtet. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1479" xml:space="preserve">Adſurgit autem arte viſenda. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1480" xml:space="preserve">Ingentia ſaxa la-<lb/>tiſſima navis provehit, contra hæc alia ſuper alia dejecta ipſo pondere manent, <lb/>ac ſenſim quodam veluti aggere conſtruuntur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1481" xml:space="preserve">Eminet jam, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1482" xml:space="preserve">apparet ſaxeum <lb/>dorſum, impactoſque fluctus in immenſum elidit, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1483" xml:space="preserve">tollit. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1484" xml:space="preserve">Vaſtus illic fragor, <lb/>canumque circa mare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1485" xml:space="preserve">Saxis deinde pilæ adjiciuntur, quæ procedenti tempore <lb/>enatam inſulam imitentur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1486" xml:space="preserve">Habebit hic portus etiam nomen auctoris, eritque <lb/>vel maxime ſalutaris. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1487" xml:space="preserve">Nam per longiſſimum ſpatium importuoſum hocrecepta-<lb/>culo utetur. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1488" xml:space="preserve">& </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1489" xml:space="preserve">c.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1490" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1491" xml:space="preserve">Ecco il modo di fare i fondamenti ſopra navi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1492" xml:space="preserve">Ma la Nave ſopraddetta ſi <lb/>moſtrerà coll’appreſſo diſegno.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1493" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0045-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0045-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption8" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Jl disegno della sopradetta Nave</caption> </figure> <pb o="30" file="0046" n="46" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1494" xml:space="preserve">Ma l’obeliſco già detto fu collocato nel Circo del Vaticano da Cajo Ceſare <lb/>Caligola, che dipoi mutata la Religione in Roma, rimaſe accanto al fianco <lb/>deſtro della Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1495" xml:space="preserve">Pietro edificata dal gran Coſtantino. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1496" xml:space="preserve">Ed a’tempi no-<lb/>ſtri è ſtato traſportato da Siſto V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1497" xml:space="preserve">nella Piazza di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1498" xml:space="preserve">Pietro per opera di Do-<lb/>menico Fontana ſuo Architetto, benchè al tempo di Gregorio XIII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1499" xml:space="preserve">ne foſſe <lb/>fatto il diſegno della macchina per traſportarlo, da Cammillo Agrippa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1500" xml:space="preserve">Sic-<lb/>chè di lui ſi potrebbe dire ciò, che diſſe Virgilio de’ſuoi versi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1501" xml:space="preserve">Hos ego ver-<lb/>ſiculos feci, tulit alter honores. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1502" xml:space="preserve">= Il Porto di Nerone era quello, che era det-<lb/>to Anſio, e ora poſto nella ſpiaggia Romana, a man ſiniſtra andando verſo Na-<lb/>poli, dove oggi appariſcono le reliquie, il cui ritratto ſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1503" xml:space="preserve">vede nel roveſcio del-<lb/>la Medaglia di detto Nerone.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1504" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1505" xml:space="preserve">Nel fondare fabbricando ſopra muraglie vecchie, cioè, ſopra rovine, oſopra <lb/>mura di caſamenti vecchj, che s’abbiano a riſtaurare, od a ridurre a miglior <lb/>forma, ſi farà grande errore, non provando molto bene prima, ſe la muraglia <lb/>ſia buona a ſoſtenere il peſo, e ſe ella ha buon fondamento, o ſe è ſtata lun-<lb/>go tempo ſcoperta, e conſumata da varj accidenti, la quale non ſi uniſce mol-<lb/>to bene colla muraglia nuova, e ſe ſi uniſce, non è durevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1506" xml:space="preserve">E queſta è una <lb/>delle cagioni principali, che ci fa conoſcere, non eſſer molto lodevole il fabbri-<lb/>car ſopra il vecchio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1507" xml:space="preserve">E queſti ſono gli errori, che accadono nel fare i fonda-<lb/>menti ſecondo la varia natura, e ſecondo la diverſa diſpoſizione de’luoghi, do-<lb/>ve ſi ſtabiliſcono i fondamenti delle fabbriche. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1508" xml:space="preserve">Ora ſi debbono conſiderare gli <lb/>errori, che accadono dalla parte del modo del fabbricare i fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1509" xml:space="preserve">Imper-<lb/>ciocchè nel fondare le muraglie ſi procede diverſamente, ſecondo la diverſità <lb/>de’luoghi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1510" xml:space="preserve">Onde chi non opera conforme alla diſpoſizione di qualvoglia luogo, <lb/>non è ſicuro di non cadere in qualche notabile errore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1511" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè i luoghi, <lb/>ne’quali ſi hanno da cavare i fondamenti delle mura, o ſono rilevati, o baſſi, <lb/>o poſti in mezzo a queſti, come ſono le ſpiagge, e le valli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1512" xml:space="preserve">I luoghi alti ſo-<lb/>no aridi, e ſecchi, ſiccome ſono i gioghi, e le cime dei monti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1513" xml:space="preserve">I luoghi baſſi <lb/>ſono troppo umidi, e molli, come quei, che ſono vicini al Mare, agli ſtagni, <lb/>ai laghi, a paludi, a fiumi, e a torrenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1514" xml:space="preserve">I luoghi di mezzo, come quelli, <lb/>che ſon pendenti, i quali del tutto non ſono ſempre bagnati, eſſendo diſpo-<lb/>ſti con pendenza, dove l’acqua non ſi ferma, nè vi si corrompe; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1515" xml:space="preserve">ma ca-<lb/>lando ſempre ſcola. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1516" xml:space="preserve">Il terreno de’gioghi non è buono per farvi i fonda-<lb/>menti, perchè facilmente ſi riſolve in rena, e in polvere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1517" xml:space="preserve">Quello de’luo-<lb/>ghi baſſi, per la ſoverchia umidità, cede a qualſivoglia peſo di muraglia. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1518" xml:space="preserve">E finalmente quello, che è in luogo pendente, benchè per ſe ſteſſo ſia buono <lb/>per fondamenti, nondimeno tira tutto il peſo delle muraglie verſo la parte più <lb/>baſſa, onde la parte di eſſe poſta in alto, rimanendo, ſi ſtacca da quella, che <lb/>cala, e però ſi fanno aprimenti notabili, che danno indizio di certa rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1519" xml:space="preserve">E <lb/>pertanto nei ſiti pendenti, ſecondo il precetto di Columella, ſi debbono comin-<lb/>ciare i fondamenti dalla parte di ſotto, e dal luogo più baſſo, acciocchè la mu-<lb/>raglia, che ſi fa nel baſſo, faccia ſpalla a quella, che ſi fa nel luogo al-<lb/>to. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1520" xml:space="preserve">Il che più ſicuramente, e con maggior forza verrà fatto, quando le mu-<lb/>ra, che ſi fanno ne’fondamenti, più baſſi, ſaranno più groſſe dell’altre. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1521" xml:space="preserve">Ma <lb/>fondando in detti ſiti, ſenza uſare le debite diligenze, s’incorre in errori dan-<lb/>noſiſſimi, non cavando nei luoghi delle fabbriche i pozzi, col mezzo dei qua-<lb/>li ſi ſcuopre la condizione di qualunque terreno, e non uſando quei rimedj ba-<lb/>ſtevoli a ſupplire ai difetti dei fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1522" xml:space="preserve">Oltre a ciò è grandiſſimo errore il <lb/>non cavare i fondamenti in piano, che è cagione, che le fabbriche calando <lb/>più in una parte, che in un’altra, ſi aprano: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1523" xml:space="preserve">e il non purgargli bene dal fan-<lb/>go, dal ſabbione, o dalla rena, o dalla terra moſſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1524" xml:space="preserve">e il non cavar l’acqua, <lb/>che talvolta vi ſi trova: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1525" xml:space="preserve">e nel gittare i fondamenti, non proccurare, che i fab-<lb/>bricatori battano bene le pietre, e i mattoni, acciò meglio ſi accoſtino, e s’im-<lb/>paſtino inſieme colla calcina, poichè, quando non ſon ben battuti, ſopraggiun-<lb/>to il peſo, la muraglia ſi accaſcia, e produce aperture, e peli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1526" xml:space="preserve">E queſti ſono i <lb/>difetti, che si cagionano dal modo di fare i fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1527" xml:space="preserve">Rimane ora per ſi-<lb/>gillo di queſto diſcorſo la conſiderazione degli errori appartenenti alla forma di <pb o="31" file="0047" n="47" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> fare i fondamenti, i quali ſi paleſeranno, dimoſtrate prima tutte le maniere d’ <lb/>eſſi fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1528" xml:space="preserve">Si dice pertanto, che i fondamenti ſi fanno con platea, o qua-<lb/>ſi con platea, o ſenza platea, o con archi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1529" xml:space="preserve">Quelli, che ſi fanno con platea, <lb/>ſono i più ſicuri, poichè, quando il fondamento da qualche parte non poſſa <lb/>reggere il peſo, facendoſi la platea, e formandoſi il fondamento come tutto un <lb/>corpo unito, e ſodo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1530" xml:space="preserve">o ſi regge nella parte più ſalda, e reſiſte a tutto il pe-<lb/>ſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1531" xml:space="preserve">o ſeppur ſi piega, è cagione, che tutta la muraglia ſi pieghi, e ſenza a-<lb/>prirſi in parte alcuna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1532" xml:space="preserve">I fondamenti, che ſi fanno quaſi con platea, ſon quel-<lb/>li, che ricevono la platea negli angoli, i quali ingroſſati, e ripieni, fortifi-<lb/>ficano tutta la muraglia, e ſi fanno ſpalla l’uno all’altro, e dando forza a tut-<lb/>to il poſamento della fabbrica, ne ricevono i comodi, che ſi cavano ſotto ter-<lb/>ra, di cantine, e di cellieri, e d’altri luoghi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1533" xml:space="preserve">E facendoſi i fondamenti in que-<lb/>ſta forma non ſi può errare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1534" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè la forza delle muraglie conſiſte ne-<lb/>gli angoli, e ſpecialmente, quando ſi fanno ripieni, e raddoppiati, ſiccome ſi <lb/>vede nell’appreſſo eſempio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1535" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0047-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0047-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption9" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Esempio delli angoli ingrossah e ripieni</caption> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1536" xml:space="preserve">I fondamenti, che ſi fanno ſenza la platea, ſon quelli, che ſi cavano conti-<lb/>nuati, ſecondo le groſſezze convenienti alle muraglie, ne’quali accade ſpeſſo l’ <lb/>errare, ſiccome ſi è dimoſtrato, e i più ſicuri, ſono i più profondi, i più groſ-<lb/>ſi, e i più ſerrati, e uniti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1537" xml:space="preserve">e quei, che ſono fatti bene in piano, ed alzati per <lb/>tutto ugualmente: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1538" xml:space="preserve">che ſe ſi faranno in altra maniera, ſaranno in tutto e per <lb/>tutto difettoſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1539" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente i fondamenti, che ſi fanno con archi, per far mi-<lb/>nore la ſpeſa, e per condur preſto a fine la muraglia, ſon quelli, che ſi for-<lb/>mano, facendo prima tanti pilaſtri, quanti biſognano alla lunghezza delle mu-<lb/>ra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1540" xml:space="preserve">alzandogli quanto baſti, per fabbricarvi ſopra gli archi, ſu i quali ſi poſſa <lb/>poi alzare il muro continuo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1541" xml:space="preserve">Queſti fondamenti ſono i più imperfetti, e i me-<lb/>no ſicuri degli altri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1542" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè può accadere, che alcuno dei pilaſtri ſia mu-<lb/>rato in terreno, che ſia ſodo sì, ma che abbia ſotto concavità, o non ſia ſta-<lb/>bile; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1543" xml:space="preserve">onde aggravato dal peſo del muro, cali, e ſeco ſi tiri ancora la parte, <lb/>che gli ſta ſopra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1544" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente ſia cagione, che rovini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1545" xml:space="preserve">E queſto è quanto ſi <lb/>poteva dire intorno agli errori, che per mala cura degli Architetti accadono ne’ <lb/>fondamenti di qualſivoglia fabbrica.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1546" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="32" file="0048" n="48" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div26" type="section" level="1" n="26"> <head xml:id="echoid-head33" xml:space="preserve">CAPO III. <lb/>Degli errori, che accadono nella proporzione delle parti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1547" xml:space="preserve">COme dalla proporzione delle parti del Mondo grande, le quali fanno un’ <lb/>armonìa maraviglioſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1548" xml:space="preserve">e dalla proporzione del Mondo piccolo ſi cagiona <lb/>la perfezione, e la bellezza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1549" xml:space="preserve">così dalla proporzione delle fabbriche ſi produce <lb/>la perfezione, e la bellezza loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1550" xml:space="preserve">Così anche pel contrario in qualunque fabbri-<lb/>ca la ſproporzione è cagione di varie imperſezioni, e di bruttezze diverſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1551" xml:space="preserve">On-<lb/>de gli errori, che naſcono dalla ſproporzione delle parti degli edificj, ſono di <lb/>ſomma importanza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1552" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè la proporzione delle parti loro è una delle <lb/>condizioni più neceſſarie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1553" xml:space="preserve">Queſta poi conſiſte, o fra le parti alte, o fra le baſ-<lb/>ſe, o fra le laterali, o fra i vani, che ſi fanno nelle parti inferiori, e nelle <lb/>ſuperiori: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1554" xml:space="preserve">o fra le interne, e le eſterne: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1555" xml:space="preserve">o fra le membra degli ornamenti, e <lb/>fra le parti loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1556" xml:space="preserve">Laonde, allora gli Architetti errano nelle proporzioni delle par-<lb/>ti delle opere, quando le miſure non ſono fra loro corriſpondenti, e propor-<lb/>zionali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1557" xml:space="preserve">Come quando le parti ſuperiori delle muraglie non hanno le groſſez-<lb/>ze proporzionate alle inferiori, cioè, quando o ſono più groſ@e delle parti vici-<lb/>ne ai fondamenti, o ſono troppo ſottili: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1558" xml:space="preserve">e quando le altezze de’luoghi non ſon <lb/>fatte a proporzione delle larghezze. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1559" xml:space="preserve">Come le altezze dell’impoſte delle volte <lb/>non ſono a proporzione delle larghezze, ſiccome ſi vede in molte nobiliſſime <lb/>fabbriche, e particolarmente nella Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1560" xml:space="preserve">Pietro di Roma, ove l’impoſta <lb/>della volta non eſſendo proporzionata alla larghezza a motivo dell’aggetta della <lb/>cornice, è cagione, che ſi moſtri troppo baſſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1561" xml:space="preserve">sì ancora, perchè non le è ſta-<lb/>ta data quella giunta, che ſi richiedeva, conſ<unsure/>orme alla miſura dello ſporgiment-<lb/>to, e del rilievo della cornice; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1562" xml:space="preserve">onde alla noſtra viſta da eſſo ſi toglie buona <lb/>parte della volta, e però ſi moſtra baſſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1563" xml:space="preserve">E queſto è un errore nato dal non <lb/>aver cognizione alcuna di proſpettiva; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1564" xml:space="preserve">il quale errore, perchè più appariſca, <lb/>ne daremo quì ſotto un eſempio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1565" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="33" file="0049" n="49" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> <figure> <image file="0049-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0049-01"/> </figure> <pb o="34" file="0050" n="50" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1566" xml:space="preserve">Fra le laterali, come quando la parte da man deſtra è così larga, o più lun-<lb/>ga di quella da man ſiniſtra, e così viceverſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1567" xml:space="preserve">Fra i vani, cioè, fra quelli de-<lb/>gli archi delle logge, e de’portici, e fra le aperture dei lumi, cioè, delle fi-<lb/>neſtre, e delle riquadrature poſte nelle parti ſuperiori, e nel ſecond’Ordine: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1568" xml:space="preserve">ovvero fra i vani inferiori, e pieni o ſodi ſuperiori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1569" xml:space="preserve">Come, quando le apertu-<lb/>re delle fineſtre non corriſpondono ai vani degli archi, poſti ſotto, o nel nu-<lb/>mero, o nella grandezza, o nella ſituazione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1570" xml:space="preserve">e così quando i vani delle logge <lb/>non corriſpondono alle fineſtre: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1571" xml:space="preserve">o, quando ai vani degli archi, e delle porte <lb/>non corriſpondono quei delle fineſtre: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1572" xml:space="preserve">così, quando i vani di ſopra non ſi ac-<lb/>cordano in numero, in poſizione, e in grandezza, con quei di ſotto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1573" xml:space="preserve">e quando <lb/>il ſodo, e il pieno non concorda col ſodo, e col pieno, ma è collocato ſopra <lb/>vano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1574" xml:space="preserve">come, quando al mezzo degli archi ſi pongono i pilaſtri, e le colonne: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1575" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>e al mezzo il vano delle porte, e delle fineſtre, la muraglia, o pilaſtri delle <lb/>Logge. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1576" xml:space="preserve">Benchè gli Antichi alcune volte, non per errore, ma per neceſſità del-<lb/>la forma della fabbrica abbiano poſte le colonne del ſecond’Ordine al mezzo <lb/>degli archi del primo da baſſo, ſiccome ſi vede negli avanzi della villa pubbli-<lb/>ca di T. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1577" xml:space="preserve">Didio, la quale ſi dimoſtra da Baldaſſar Peruzzi nel Serlio al 3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1578" xml:space="preserve">Li-<lb/>bro dell’Antichità ſotto nome di Portico di Pompeo, e Caſa di Mario. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1579" xml:space="preserve">Ma <lb/>nel vero edificio, che oggi tiene da Santa Maria del pianto, fino avanti a piaz-<lb/>za Santa Croce, era la Villa pubblica di T. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1580" xml:space="preserve">Didio, ſiccome ſi ricava dal ro-<lb/>verſcio della ſua Medaglia, ed era di queſta forma</s> </p> <figure> <image file="0050-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0050-01"/> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1581" xml:space="preserve">E per tornare al propoſito noſtro, ſi erra nelle proporzioni, quando i vani <lb/>de’lumi, e delle porte delle parti laterali delle fabbriche diſcordano nel nume-<lb/>ro, e nella grandezza: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1582" xml:space="preserve">e quando i lumi, o gli archi, o le parti ſolide ſupe-<lb/>riori, non hanno proporzionatamente quell’accreſcimento, che loro ſi deve, <lb/>per ſupplire a tutto quello, che ſi toglie dalla lontananza, acciò ſi moſtrino <lb/>eguali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1583" xml:space="preserve">Il che ſi coſtuma, quando ſi pongono più ordini di colonne l’un ſo-<lb/>pra l’altro, come ſi oſſervò dagli Antichi nei Teatri, e negli Anfiteatri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1584" xml:space="preserve">E <lb/>tale errore procede dal non uſare la ragion di Proſpettiva, e dal non ſaper l’ <lb/>uſo del Quadrante diſtinto in gradi novanta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1585" xml:space="preserve">Il quale, applicato all’occhio, <lb/>ſtando incontro alle linee a piombo delle fabbriche, col mezzo di quelle, che <lb/>vengono dal centro, e dall’occhio, ſi fanno i compartimenti in tutta l’altezza, <pb o="35" file="0051" n="51" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> ne'quali ſi ſtabiliſce un creſcimento proporzionale di tutte le parti, che ſi al-<lb/>lontanano dall'occhio, le quali nondimeno alla viſta ſi moſtrino eguali, ſicco-<lb/>me appariſce nella Colonna Trajana, e nell'Antoniana. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1586" xml:space="preserve">Queſto ſi potrà age-<lb/>volmente intendere col mezzo di queſto eſempio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1587" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0051-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0051-01"/> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1588" xml:space="preserve">Fra le miſure, come, quando l'altezze non corriſpondono alle lar-<lb/>ghezze. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1589" xml:space="preserve">Il che accade ſpeſſe volte nelle ſtanze: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1590" xml:space="preserve">e quando ne'Tempj le gran-<lb/>dezze de'fianchi, e delle ſpalle, ſono ſproporzionate al rimanente del corpo <lb/>della fabbrica: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1591" xml:space="preserve">e, quando il comparto dell'Architrave, del fregio, e della cor-<lb/>nice, non è proporzionato all'altezza della colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1592" xml:space="preserve">Oltre a ciò gli Architetti <lb/>errano nelle miſure, quando miſurano le fabbriche antiche con le miſure mo-<lb/>derne, e non con le antiche, colle quali furono fabbricate, cioè, o colla de-<lb/>cempeda, o col cubito, o col piede, o col palmo antico Romano, il quale è <lb/>diverſo dal palmo moderno, che oggi ſi uſa in Roma, che è maggiore del pal-<lb/>mo antico, compoſto di quattro dita, ſiccome ſi ritrae da Vitruvio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1593" xml:space="preserve">ma il <lb/>palmo moderno è piuttoſto lo ſteſſo, che la Spitama detta volgarmente Span-<lb/>na. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1594" xml:space="preserve">E benchè le moderne ſi poſſano ridurre alle miſure antiche, nondimeno <lb/>nel miſurar le fabbriche antiche è meglio ſervirſi delle miſure antiche, poichè <lb/>le moderne non corriſpondono preciſamente alle antiche, ſiccome ſi vede nel <lb/>braccio Saneſe, che è alquanto differente dalla miſura di due piedi antichi Ro-<lb/>mani; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1595" xml:space="preserve">forſe perchè le dita ſon formate di quattro più groſſi grani d'orzo per <lb/>traverſo, che ogni dito è compoſto di quattro granelli d'orzo, e ogni palmo di <lb/>quattro dita; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1596" xml:space="preserve">onde creſcendoſi le dita in groſſezza, ſi accreſceva l'eſtenſione <lb/>del palmo, e per l'aumento di queſto veniva slungato il piede. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1597" xml:space="preserve">O perchè il pie-<lb/>de contenuto nel noſtro braccio, corriſpondente quaſi al piè d'Ercole, dal quale <lb/>fu miſurato lo ſtadio Olimpico, che in lunghezza era maggiore del Greco, eſ-<lb/>ſendo cavato dal ſuo piede maggiore, ſiccome ſi ritrae da Aulo Gellio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1598" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="36" file="0052" n="52" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1599" xml:space="preserve">Fra le membra degli ornamenti, come, quando a una gran colonna, ovvero <lb/>a un gran pilaſtro ſi ſoprappone un piccolo capitello, o a un grande Architra-<lb/>ve un fregio troppo baſſo, o viceverſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1600" xml:space="preserve">o una cornice di piccola altezza, come <lb/>ſi vede négli ornamenti de'fianchi della fabbrica di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1601" xml:space="preserve">Pietro di Roma. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1602" xml:space="preserve">Errore <lb/>nato dal non conſiderare, che la lontananza ſcema ogni grandezza, ſecondo l'ap-<lb/>parenza, che vicina alla viſta ſi moſtra della miſura ſua propria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1603" xml:space="preserve">E tal con-<lb/>ſiderazione non ſi può avere, ſenza la notizia della Proſpettiva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1604" xml:space="preserve">Nè baſta perti-<lb/>nacemente uſar le regole dell'Architettura in ogni luogo, e in ogni ſito, dando <lb/>all'altezza del compoſto dell'Architrave, del fregio, e della cornice, o la quinta parte, <lb/>o la quarta dell'altezza della colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1605" xml:space="preserve">Ma conſiderato, che la lontananza dall'occhio <lb/>ſcema le grandezze, ſi dee accreſcere la detta miſura, affinchè alla viſta non iſ-<lb/>corci. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1606" xml:space="preserve">Così anche per l'oppoſto ſi erra nella proporzione degli ornamenti, quan-<lb/>do a una cornice, a un gran fregio, e a un grande architrave ſi ſottopone una <lb/>colonna troppo corta, e troppo groſſa, come ſi vede nella Cattedrale di Siena, <lb/>nell'ornamento della Cappella de'quattro Coronati, benchè il lavoro fra gli An-<lb/>tichi-moderni ſia uno dei più lodevoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1607" xml:space="preserve">Dove la cornice, il fregio, e l'architrave <lb/>inſieme s'avvicinano alla metà dell'altezza della colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1608" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente ſi erra, <lb/>quando ſi fanno le colonne ſottili, e ſopra vi ſi pone un gran capitello: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1609" xml:space="preserve">o quan-<lb/>do ſi fanno le colonne ſottili, e molto alte, e ſi dà loro un capitello troppo pic-<lb/>colo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1610" xml:space="preserve">e quando non ſi dà la debita miſura a ciaſcun membro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1611" xml:space="preserve">Ma tutto ciò ſi <lb/>renderà più chiaro con gli appreſſo eſempj.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1612" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0052-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0052-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption10" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Colonne grandi con <lb/>capitelli piccioli</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0052-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0052-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption11" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Architrave grande e <lb/>fregio picciolo</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0052-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0052-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption12" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fregio grande, e archi <lb/>trave picciolo</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0052-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0052-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption13" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Colonna con cornice <lb/>fuor di proporzione</caption> </figure> <pb o="37" file="0053" n="53" rhead="PARTE SECONDA"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1613" xml:space="preserve">E quello, che ſi è detto dei Capitelli, ſi dee intendere ancora delle baſi, men-<lb/>tre non ſolo non ſon fatte proporzionevoli, eſſendo, o troppo grandi, o troppo <lb/>piccole; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1614" xml:space="preserve">ma ancora non ſon formate colla miſura della metà della groſſezza in-<lb/>feriore delle colonne. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1615" xml:space="preserve">Fra le membra eſterne, e le interne delle fabbriche, cioè, <lb/>allora si erra nelle proporzioni, quando le parti interne non corriſpondono alle <lb/>eſterne nella miſura, nel numero, nella posizione, e nella forma.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1616" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0053-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0053-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption14" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Colonna tozza con <lb/>bassa, e capitelo grande</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0053-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0053-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption15" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Figura tozza <lb/>e non conveni-<lb/>ente nelle sue <lb/>parti.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0053-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0053-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption16" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cornice con fregio gran-<lb/>de, gocciolatojo, e gola <lb/>piciola che leva la <lb/>proporzion alla medesima</caption> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div27" type="section" level="1" n="27"> <head xml:id="echoid-head34" xml:space="preserve">CAPO IV. <lb/>Degli errori della diſpoſizione del Compartimento.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1617" xml:space="preserve">IL compartimento delle fabbriche ſi può intendere in tre modi, cioè, od in <lb/>quanto appartiene al componimento delle mura, ovvero in quanto appartie-<lb/>ne alla diſpoſizione delle parti principali, e non principali.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1618" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1619" xml:space="preserve">Nel primo modo s'intende la maniera della ſtruttura delle muraglie, che ſi <lb/>fa, ponendo inſieme pietre, mattoni, pezzami, pietre riquadrate, inſieme con la <lb/>calcina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1620" xml:space="preserve">Dove allora ſi ſuole errare, quando dall'Architetto non ſi procura, che <lb/>ſi uniſcano, e ſi colleghino bene inſieme, e ſi battano quanto biſogna, e vi ſi riempia <lb/>ogni luogo vuoto, benchè piccolo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1621" xml:space="preserve">Che quando la pietra eſteriore del muro non ſi col-<lb/>lega bene coll'interiore, facilmente l'una ſi ſtacca dall'altra, come, quando ſi fa la <lb/>muraglia di mattoni a faccia netta, alcune volte, o per diacciato, o per for-<lb/>zamento di peſo, o per altro accidente, tutta la parte di fuori del muro ſi ſcro-<lb/>ſta, o ſi ſcompone, e cade; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1622" xml:space="preserve">onde il muro rimane ſcortecciato, rozzo e indebo- <pb o="38" file="0054" n="54" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> lito, non rimanendovi altro, che il ripieno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1623" xml:space="preserve">Il medeſimo avviene, quando nel-<lb/>le mura ſi pongono pietre lavorate ſottili, e quaſi nella ſuperficie, le quali per-<lb/>chè non s'incaſtrano nelle muraglie, facilmente cadono, ſe non ſi tengono le <lb/>gate con grappe di ferro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1624" xml:space="preserve">Nè però queſto baſta, perchè non ſi legano tutte, <lb/>ma poche, e quelle ſi pongono nei filari più baſſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1625" xml:space="preserve">ma quelle, che vi ſi po-<lb/>ſan ſopra, ſi fidano nella calcina, la quale tanto tiene, quanto dura di reſiſte-<lb/>re al peſo, ed a qualunque accidente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1626" xml:space="preserve">Si fa errore ancora, mentre nel far la <lb/>muraglia i mattoni, e le pietre non ſi pongono bene in piano, nè ſi accomo-<lb/>dano a perpendicolo, talmente che l'opera rieſce ſtorta in più parti, o penden-<lb/>te, uſcendo della dirittura della linea del piombo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1627" xml:space="preserve">che per un grano, o per <lb/>un minuto, o per un dito, che da principio eſca in fuora, quanto più ſi al-<lb/>za, tanto più creſce l'inclinazione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1628" xml:space="preserve">che la quantità continua, come anche la <lb/>diſcreta, da un piccolo aumento creſce quaſi in infinito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1629" xml:space="preserve">Per la qual coſa la <lb/>fabbrica diviene mal ſicura, eſſendo aggravata da tutto il peſo, che le è poſto <lb/>ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1630" xml:space="preserve">Nella ſeconda maniera, cioè, nel diſtribuir le parti delle fabbriche ſi può <lb/>talvolta errare, o non ponendole di numero uniforme in ciaſcun luogo, o di <lb/>numero difettoſo, o ſuperfluo, mancando nella neceſſità, e abbondando ove non <lb/>biſogna: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1631" xml:space="preserve">e non oſſervando l'ordine conveniente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1632" xml:space="preserve">e quando l'ordine ſarà ſciolto, <lb/>cioè, non unito con legamento delle parti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1633" xml:space="preserve">o non diſpoſto con una compoſizione di <lb/>parti convenevoli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1634" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente, quando nel compartimento delle parti non ſi ſcor-<lb/>ge grazia, nè decoro alcuno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1635" xml:space="preserve">onde nel proſpetto non ſi moſtra bellezza, nè digni-<lb/>tà alcuna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1636" xml:space="preserve">Nel terzo modo, cioè, nel collocare gli ornamenti, dove allora ſi <lb/>erra, quando dagli Architetti non ſi pongono nel debito luogo, come quando <lb/>gli ornamenti dell'Ordine Toſcano, e del Dorico ſi pongono nelle parti ſupe-<lb/>riori, e quelle del Compoſito, del Corintio, e dell'Ionico, nelle inferiori: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1637" xml:space="preserve">Ov-<lb/>vero quando gli ornamenti de'cinque Ordini ſi adattano confuſamente, ponen-<lb/>do le colonne Ioniche inſieme con le cornici, ſopra le Compoſite: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1638" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente <lb/>ſarà grande errore il far collocar l'opere di Scultura troppo minute, e troppo tri-<lb/>te ne'luoghi lontani dalla viſta, poichè ſon perdute; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1639" xml:space="preserve">che da lontano non ſi può <lb/>rilevare la lor forma. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1640" xml:space="preserve">Il che è peccar di giudizio, e coſtume barbaro, il quale to-<lb/>glie la ſodezza, la nobiltà, e la magnificenza agli ornamenti delle fabbriche. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1641" xml:space="preserve">La <lb/>qual coſa è molto diſdicevole al fabbricare con buona ragione d'Architettura <lb/>Greca, e Romana. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1642" xml:space="preserve">E quell'Architetto non opera, ſenza errare, formando i di-<lb/>ſegni, e i modelli delle fabbriche, il quale da eſſa ſi parte, fidandoſi più nelle <lb/>capriccioſe, e ſregolate invenzioni, che nelle regole degli ottimi Architetti, co-<lb/>me fanno quelli, i quali dal lavorare i legnami, e gli ſtucchi, e dalla Pittura, <lb/>ſi ſon dati all'Architettura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1643" xml:space="preserve">i quali colle loro licenze (e ciò ſicuramente credo) <lb/>ſon per far tanto, che una volta ritorni in Italia la maniera barbara, e venga <lb/>del tutto abbandonata l'antica, e la buona Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1644" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div28" type="section" level="1" n="28"> <head xml:id="echoid-head35" xml:space="preserve">CAPO V. <lb/>Degli errori degli Architetti nel collocar le coſe fuor del lor luogo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1645" xml:space="preserve">NOn vi è dubbio alcuno, che (dato, e non conceduto, poichè il ſommo Crea-<lb/>tore fece il tutto perfettamente in numero, in peſo, in miſura, in poſi-<lb/>zione convenientiſſima) quando l'Architetto di queſta macchina mondiale aveſ-<lb/>ſe poſta nel luogo della Terra l'Acqua, e nel luogo dell'Aria il Fuoco, oltre che <lb/>non ſolo ſarebbe riuſcita un'opera moſtruoſa, e un novello caos, e una mole to-<lb/>talmente rozza, come dice Ovidio nelle Trasformazioni, ma non avrebbe tampoco <lb/>potuto avere alcuna ſuſſiſtenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1646" xml:space="preserve">Così, quando nel formar l'Uomo, aveſſe poſto la te-<lb/>ſta nel luogo de'piedi, o gli occhi nel petto, invece d'eſſerſi formato un Uomo, <lb/>ne ſarebbe riſultato un moſtro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1647" xml:space="preserve">Dove la teſta eſſendo poſta nel luogo più baſſo, non <lb/>avrebbe potuto far l'ufizio de'piedi, come altresì gli occhi non avrebber potu-<lb/>to così facilmente riguardar d'ogn'intorno, e fare la ſentinella in difeſa di tut-<lb/>te le parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1648" xml:space="preserve">Nella medeſima guiſa veggiamo talora per errore degli Architetti <lb/>accadere alle fabbriche, mentre eſſi non coſtituiſcono le parti nel debito luogo;</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1649" xml:space="preserve"> <pb o="39" file="0055" n="55" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> imperciocchè, oltre che fanno l'opere del tutto imperfette, e moſtruoſe, tolgo-<lb/>no a ciaſcuna il fine proporzionato, e naturale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1650" xml:space="preserve">Siccome quando ſi pongono le <lb/>parti principali nel luogo delle non principali, e delle aggiunte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1651" xml:space="preserve">e le non prin-<lb/>cipali ſi accomodano all'ufizio, e nel luogo delle principali, cioè, a reggere <lb/>il peſo, e a formare il principale e il maggiore ornamento della Fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1652" xml:space="preserve">Come, <lb/>quando negli ornamenti degli Altari, e delle porte, ſi pongono talvolta i te-<lb/>lari a regger tutto il peſo della cornice, e del fronteſpizio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1653" xml:space="preserve">e ſi pongono le co-<lb/>lonne dalle bande, di qua, e di là, nelle giunte quaſi per ripieno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1654" xml:space="preserve">E quando <lb/>talvolta ſi fa riſaltare l'Architrave delle porte, quanta è la larghezza del vano, <lb/>ponendovi ſopra il fregio, la cornice, il fronteſpizio, o qualche cartella, od or-<lb/>namento di fineſtra, o di qualche quadro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1655" xml:space="preserve">di maniera che tutto il peſo moſtra <lb/>d'eſſer collocato ſopra il vano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1656" xml:space="preserve">La qual coſa eſſendo la più contraria alle buone <lb/>regole d'Architettura, è anche la più erronea. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1657" xml:space="preserve">Perciò a ogni peſo, e ad ogni ope-<lb/>ra ſuperiore, ſempre ſi dee ſottoporre il ſodo e il pieno, affinchè faccia ufizio di <lb/>baſe, e di ſtabilimento delle parti ſuperiori delle fabbriche. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1658" xml:space="preserve">Così, quando ſopra le co-<lb/>lonne, o ſopra i pilaſtri, riſaltandoſi l'Architrave inſieme col fregio, e con la cornice, <lb/>ſi fa ſeguir più indentro lo ſteſſo Architrave, e ſi moſtra, che la parte, che ſe-<lb/>gue, diviſa dal riſalto infra le colonne, reſta in aria, e ſenza poſamento alcu-<lb/>no, poichè la colonna, o il pilaſtro è poſto ſolamente a reggere l'Architrave, <lb/>che riſalta, ſecondo il vivo, e ſecondo il ſodo della ſua groſſezza ſuperiore, in-<lb/>ſieme con ciò, che gli è ſopra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1659" xml:space="preserve">ma non a ſoſtenere il rimanente, e però com-<lb/>pariſce come collocato in aria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1660" xml:space="preserve">Lo che non accade, quando l'Architrave ſi fa <lb/>andare, e continuare ſenza riſaltamenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1661" xml:space="preserve">poichè in queſto modo l'opera ſi reg-<lb/>ge nel vivo, e nel ſodo de'pilaſtri, e delle colonne, come ſi richiede, e con-<lb/>forme all'inſegnamento della Natura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1662" xml:space="preserve">Ma per eſſer meglio inteſi, porremo quì <lb/>appreſſo gli eſempj.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1663" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0055-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0055-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0055-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0055-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption17" style="it" xml:space="preserve">csempio di poner li telari a regger <lb/>tutto il peso della cornice, e del frontis-<lb/>pizio, con colonne alle parte delle gionte.<lb/>csempio di far risaltar sopra le colonne <lb/>ò pilastri, l'architrave, il freggio, è la <lb/>cornice, e la parte che segue più in <lb/>dentro mostra eser in aria.</caption> </figure> <pb o="40" file="0056" n="56" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <figure> <image file="0056-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0056-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption18" style="it" xml:space="preserve">csempio di collocar sopra il vano d'una porta ò finestra <lb/>tutto il peso del architrave freggio, e cornice, con il frontispizio.</caption> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1664" xml:space="preserve">Vi ſono, oltre a ciò, altri errori circa la poſizione delle parti degli orna-<lb/>menti, e ſpecialmente, quando quelle membra, che non poſſono convenevol <lb/>mente ſtare inſieme, come, colla colonna Toſcana, e con la Dorica, il Capitello <lb/>Corintio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1665" xml:space="preserve">così con la Compoſita, e con la Dorica, la baſe Ionica; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1666" xml:space="preserve">e così di <lb/>tutti gli altri Ordini, cambiandoſi fra loro, e le baſi, i capitelli, le cornici, <lb/>e i piediſtalli: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1667" xml:space="preserve">e quando nella giunta laterale degli ornamenti, accanto alle co-<lb/>lonne iſolate, ſi pongono altre colonne, le quali, oltre l'eſſervi indarno, non <lb/>avendo peſo proporzionato, e non v'eſſendo neceſſarie; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1668" xml:space="preserve">poichè l'aggiungimen-<lb/>to dei lati può molto ben conſiſtere ſenza le colonne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1669" xml:space="preserve">ſon cagione, che l'Ar-<lb/>chitrave, eſſendo rotto, o piegato dal riſaltamento, rimanga ſenza aver dove <lb/>poſarſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1670" xml:space="preserve">Ovvero le dette colonne non ſon poſte nella medeſima dirittura, e nella <lb/>medeſima linea delle contra-colonne, come ſi comprenderà nella pianta eſpoſta <lb/>a carte 44.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1671" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="41" file="0057" n="57" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> <figure> <image file="0057-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0057-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption19" style="it" xml:space="preserve">csempio di colonne iñutili collocate nelle parti laterali.</caption> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1672" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente è notabiliſſimo errore, quando ſopra gli ornamenti de'Templi, <lb/>delle Cappelle, degli Altari, e delle Porte, in luogo di farvi i faſtigj, e i fron-<lb/>teſpizj interi, accomodarvi i rotti, credendo con la rottura di dar grazia all'or-<lb/>namento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1673" xml:space="preserve">Che veramente i fronteſpizj non ſono altro, che il faſtigio, e il tetto <lb/>della fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1674" xml:space="preserve">E chi è quegli, che voleſſe rompere il tetto della propria abita-<lb/>zione, per dare maggior grazia all'aſpetto della Caſa? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1675" xml:space="preserve">Certamente niuno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1676" xml:space="preserve">Nè ſi <lb/>trovò mai, che gli Antichi uſaſſero di fare il fronteſpizio rotto, ma lo forma-<lb/>rono ſempre intiero, o tondo, o angolare con due pendenze, che comunemen-<lb/>te ſi ſuol dire a due acque, cioè, a due ſcolamenti d'acque, ovvero con una <lb/>ſola pendenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1677" xml:space="preserve">E quando pure, ſecondo la licenza moderna, altri voleſſe rom-<lb/>pere il fronteſpizio, s'incorrerebbe in uno di due inconvenienti, cioè, o facendoſi <lb/>la rottura corriſpondente al ſodo delle colonne, la parte del fronteſpizio verrà <lb/>troppo anguſta; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1678" xml:space="preserve">ma facendoſi tal parte maggiore del vivo delle colonne, ella <lb/>uſcirebbe fuori del ſodo, e ſtarebbe ſoſpeſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1679" xml:space="preserve">E queſti ſon due notabili difetti nati <lb/>dal rompere i fronteſpizj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1680" xml:space="preserve">Nè perchè ne ſia ſtato inventore Michelangiolo Buo-<lb/>narrotti detto il Divino, ed eſſendo eccellentiſſimo nella Scultura, nella Pittura, e <lb/>nell'Architettura, moſſo da neceſſità, ſi dee traſportare ſimigliante uſo in ogni <lb/>propoſito, e in ogni luogo, ſenza neceſſità, e grazia alcuna: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1681" xml:space="preserve">impercioccchè <lb/>quello, che una volta, e per accidente è ſtato uſato, non può, nè dee ſervire per <lb/>regola di bene operare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1682" xml:space="preserve">che gli accidenti violentano gli Artefici a partirſi dal-<lb/>la rettitudine dell'arte loro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1683" xml:space="preserve">e tal violenza non forza ſempre, ma qualche volta, <lb/>e però non può farci regola: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1684" xml:space="preserve">che la regola è ſempre buona. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1685" xml:space="preserve">Ma perchè meglio <lb/>s'intenda quanto ſi è detto, ſi porranno gli eſempj quì appreſſo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1686" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="42" file="0058" n="58" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0058-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0058-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0058-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0058-02"/> </figure> <pb o="43" file="0059" n="59" rhead="PARTE SECONDA"/> <figure> <image file="0059-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0059-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0059-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0059-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption20" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Questa maniera di frontespitij cosi difettuosi come si è dimostrato, non fù mai <lb/>usata dagli Antichi, che non se ne trova esempio alcuno.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0059-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0059-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption21" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Questa forma di frontispizio piegato fù <lb/>inventata da Bartolommeo Neron detto <lb/>il Piceio Sanese pittore eccellentissimo, <lb/>e si vede posto sopra nel coro della <lb/>Cattedrale di Siena.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0059-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0059-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption22" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Questa maniera di frontespizij doppi <lb/>viene condannata di superfluità co-<lb/>me si tratta in avanti della Porta pia.<lb/>Forma de frontespizij degli Antichi, la quale non si trova già <lb/>mai variata altramente.</caption> </figure> <pb o="44" file="0060" n="60" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <figure> <image file="0060-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0060-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0060-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0060-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption23" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Queste due forme de'frontespizij si vedono in Roma ne bagni di Paulo <lb/>cmilio, ora detti Magnanapoli, e se ne vede il disegno appresso il Sorch.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0060-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0060-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption24" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Pianta che dà à divedere il falso per le <lb/>colonne fuor della drita linea delle con <lb/>tra colonne ò pilastri, comesi è detto a C.<lb/>Alzato della pianta in maestà, e mostra la cornice tagliata in Zanca, e serve <lb/>per telaro alla pala, tall Zanche non si devono usare eſsendo false, in aria, <lb/>e sgarbate</caption> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div29" type="section" level="1" n="29"> <head xml:id="echoid-head36" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VI. <lb/>Degli errori, che conſiſtono nell'abuſo d'alcuni ornamenti introdotti <lb/>dagli Architetti moderni.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1687" xml:space="preserve">SIccome l'abuſo d'alcuni coſtumi nelle Città, e nelle Comunanze diſtrugge <lb/>tutta la rettitudine del viver politico; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1688" xml:space="preserve">e nell'Arti, e nelle Scienze è cagio-<lb/>ne, che eſſe divengono dannoſe; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1689" xml:space="preserve">così l'abuſo di alcuni ornamenti nell'Archi-<lb/>tettura rimuove la bontà dell'opere, è cagione dell'imperfezione degli Edifizj, <lb/>e toglie la riputazione agli Architetti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1690" xml:space="preserve">E però oltre agli altri errori, ciaſcuno <lb/>Architetto, a cui molto preme il conſervar l'onor ſuo, quanto più può dee <lb/>procurare di tenersi lontana ogni dannoſa, ed immaginevole uſanza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1691" xml:space="preserve">E per <lb/>moſtrare alla bella prima, ove consiſta l'abuſo d'alcuni ornamenti delle fabbri- <pb o="45" file="0061" n="61" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> che, diremo, eſſer queſto collocato nel tralaſciare gli ornamenti inſegnatici dai <lb/>buoni Architetti antichi, e dimoſtratici dalle reliquie delle fabbriche antiche <lb/>di Roma, e d’altre Città dell’Italia, e della Grecia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1692" xml:space="preserve">e nel ſoverchiamente di-<lb/>lettarsi di trovar nuove invenzioni, ora ſcemando, ora ſcemando, ora mutando, ora rompen-<lb/>do le membra principali, e ſinalmente convertendo ogni abuſo in regola, e <lb/>tralaſciando ogni dritta norma d’operare con buona ragione d’Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1693" xml:space="preserve">Lo <lb/>che avviene dal non intendere, che nelle fabbriche di qualunque maniera gli <lb/>ornamenti ſono determinati di forma, nè si può inventare, ſe non si prende <lb/>troppa licenza, e ſe altri non si vuole accoſtare al coſtume barbaro, a grotte-<lb/>ſcamenti, a ghiribizzi, ed alle ſantasìe degli Oreſici, e degli Argentieri, dei <lb/>Maeſtri di legname, degl’Intagliatori, degli Stuccatori, e dei Pittori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1694" xml:space="preserve">Ma per <lb/>venire ormai al particolare, si proporrà parte degli errori, affinchè conoſciuti <lb/>dagli Architetti, ſe ne poſſano guardare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1695" xml:space="preserve">Diciamo adunque, che allora ſucce-<lb/>de uno degli abusi degli ornamenti delle fabbriche, quando s’aggiungono per <lb/>ornamento alcune membra non neceſſarie alle fronti loro, nè per reggere alcu-<lb/>ne membra, nè per corriſpondenza delle parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1696" xml:space="preserve">E per dirla chiaramente, quan-<lb/>do tutto il corpo dell’ornamento è perſetto, ſenza d’eſſe; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1697" xml:space="preserve">come, quando ai pi-<lb/>laſtri s’aggiungono, o termini, o riſaltamenti di cornici, o nuove membra po-<lb/>ſticce, e riportate, che rendono il lavoro troppo ſecco, troppo trito, ed i-<lb/>gnobile, e non corriſpondente alla ſodezza, e alla magniſicenza del rimanente, <lb/>come si vede in Roma nel ſecond’Ordine della faccia, e de’ſianchi di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1698" xml:space="preserve">Pie-<lb/>tro, e negli ornamenti fra le colonne. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1699" xml:space="preserve">Dove ſi moſtrano gli ornamenti, più <lb/>d’opera di legname, e di ſtucco, che di pietra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1700" xml:space="preserve">poichè non rappreſentano la <lb/>ſodezza della pietra, come ſanno le cornici, le colonne, e i pilaſtri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1701" xml:space="preserve">Che la <lb/>maniera dell’ornamento, che è proprio del legno, e dello ſtucco, non ſi con-<lb/>viene alla pietra: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1702" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè nello ſtucco, e nel legno non ſi diſdice uſare <lb/>qualche licenza, e l’aggiunger qualche capriccio di propria invenzione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1703" xml:space="preserve">per-<lb/>ciocchè in cotali lavori gli ornamenti aggiunti ſon tutte coſe poſticce, e non <lb/>hanno legamento reale col tutto, e non naſcono inſieme con eſſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1704" xml:space="preserve">ma tutte ſi <lb/>legano con ferramenti, con chiodi, e con colle. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1705" xml:space="preserve">Ed appreſſo alle colonne prin-<lb/>cipali hanno troppo del trito, e del ſecco, nè moſtrano la medeſima nobiltà, <lb/>e grandezza, come ſi vede in quelle porte frappoſte alle tre porte maggiori, <lb/>le quali, e per la poca apertura del vano, e per gli ornamenti loro, ſi mo-<lb/>ſtrano d’una maniera non corriſpondente a tutto il corpo della fronte, ed alla <lb/>grandezza, ed alla maeſtà del Tempio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1706" xml:space="preserve">Che a un Tempio così grande, e a <lb/>un antiporto conſorme alla di lui grandezza, non ſi convengono le porte così <lb/>piccole, ſiccome ſi diſconverrebbero porte, e lumi grandi a un Tempio picco-<lb/>liſſimo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1707" xml:space="preserve">Senza che biſogna non ſolamente aver riguardo alla grandezza della <lb/>Chieſa, per collocarvi le porte proporzionatamente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1708" xml:space="preserve">ma ancora al numero <lb/>grande del Popolo, ed alla gran ſrequenza, che ſecondo varie occaſioni vi <lb/>ſuol concorrere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1709" xml:space="preserve">E’ancora grandiſſimo abuſo rompere gli architravi, e i ſregj, <lb/>per accreſcere i vani, come ſi vede alcune volte negli ornamenti degli Altari, <lb/>e ſpecialmente in Siena in S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1710" xml:space="preserve">Agoſtino negli Altari de’Bargagli, e dei Birin-<lb/>gucci, invenzione condottavi di fuori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1711" xml:space="preserve">E queſto è un errore molto peggiore di <lb/>quello del rompere i fronteſpizj; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1712" xml:space="preserve">poichè in tutte le ſabbriche gli architravi ſono quel-<lb/>le membra principali, e neceſſarie, le quali inſieme colle colonne reggono tutto <lb/>il peſo dell’Ediſizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1713" xml:space="preserve">Concioſſiachè nè il fregio, nè la cornice ſon deſtinati <lb/>per ſoſtentamento, eſſendo eſſi una parte del peſo, che ſi regge nell’architra-<lb/>ve; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1714" xml:space="preserve">poichè le membra poſte in luogo alto non poſſono eſſer ſoſtentanti, e ſo-<lb/>ſtentate in uno ſteſſo tempo, ma ſolamente ſono ſoſtentate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1715" xml:space="preserve">Nè è buona riſ-<lb/>poſta il dire, che talora all’architrave già levato, ſuccede il telaro della ri-<lb/>quadratura del vano in ſua vece; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1716" xml:space="preserve">poichè il fine del telaro è di legare, e ter-<lb/>minare la detta riquadratura con ornamento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1717" xml:space="preserve">Con queſto abuſo s’accompagna <lb/>il rompimento del fregio, e della cornice, per poſare nel ſolo architrave alcu-<lb/>na coſa, come cartella, o ſcudo, o ſtatua, o vaſo, o altro, ſecondo l’umore <lb/>dell’Architetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1718" xml:space="preserve">Il che non ſi fa, ſenza notabile errore, perchè ſi rompe la <lb/>continuazione degli ornamenti, ſi diſuniſce il compartimento, e ſi ſcioglie il <pb o="46" file="0062" n="62" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> legame delle parti infra loro, e col tutto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1719" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente ſi guaſta l’uniſormità. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1720" xml:space="preserve">Così ancora s’incorre in un altro abuſo, quando ſi adattano nell’eſtremità del-<lb/>le logge, o de’portici, o delle facciate de’palazzi, e delle Chieſe, pilaſtri, o <lb/>colonne, che non abbracciano gli angoli, ma laſciando l’angolo a dietro, <lb/>facendo riſaltar la colonna, o il pilaſtro, ſenza far riſaltare la cornice; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1721" xml:space="preserve">onde <lb/>ella ſi moſtra in aria, o, come ſi dice, in falſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1722" xml:space="preserve">E in tutto uſcendo delle re-<lb/>gole degli Antichi, le quali c’inſegnano fare i pilaſtri, che prendano gli an-<lb/>goli, o a porvi le colonne quadre, e a raddoppiarle nella groſſezza, eſſendo <lb/>nel rimanente dell’Opera le colonne tonde; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1723" xml:space="preserve">e perciò in tal modo la fabbrica <lb/>riceve maggiore ſtabilimento, e più fortezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1724" xml:space="preserve">Il che ſi fa con buona ragione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1725" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>perchè la ſaldezza delle ſabbriche conſiſte negli angoli, che ſon quelli, i qua-<lb/>li chiudono, e ſtringono in ſe ſteſſa tutta l’opera; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1726" xml:space="preserve">onde la perpetuità degli e-<lb/>diſizj è collocata negli angoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1727" xml:space="preserve">Ma veggiamo gli eſempj, affinchè appariſcano <lb/>con molto maggior chiarezza le coſe dette.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1728" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0062-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0062-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption25" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Con le presenti figure si fà conoscere il sgarbato modo di poner li Jermini, e Pilastrate <lb/>ad uso di Jermini, li quali levano la sodezza è maestà, alle fabriche.</caption> </figure> <pb o="47" file="0063" n="63" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> <figure> <image file="0063-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0063-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0063-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0063-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption26" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Pilast<unsure/>ri ornali con Mensole, Cartelle, Festoni, e Membri riportati cose tutte che <lb/>danno nel trito, e devano la magnificenza dell’Architettura.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0063-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0063-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption27" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Figura che dà a divedere il falso della cornice, <lb/>che sorpassa la collonna, e rimane in aria.<lb/>Figura la quale fa conoscere l’errore di romper l’Architrave <lb/>e il Freggio alle cornici per accrescer il vano.</caption> </figure> <pb o="48" file="0064" n="64" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0064-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0064-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption28" style="it" xml:space="preserve">L’esempio presente fà vedere quanto scong il tagliar le <lb/>Cornici, e Freggio per poner sopra l’Architrave alcu-<lb/>na cosa, sia Cartelle, Scudi, Vasi ò altro, secondo il <lb/>bizaro capricio di chi inventa tali cose.</caption> </figure> <pb o="49" file="0065" n="65" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div30" type="section" level="1" n="30"> <head xml:id="echoid-head37" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VII. <lb/>Degli errori, che accadono nella inoſſervanza del decoro.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1729" xml:space="preserve">FRa tutti gli errori, che provengono dagli Architetti, uno ſi è il contraſta-<lb/>re alla perſezione, e alla bellezza delle ſabbriche; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1730" xml:space="preserve">onde nell’apparenza loro <lb/>non ſi dimoſtra grazia, nè nobiltà; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1731" xml:space="preserve">nè muovono a maraviglia chi le riguar-<lb/>da. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1732" xml:space="preserve">E queſto è il non oſſervare il decoro, il quale allora io penſo, che po-<lb/>traſſi facilmente intendere, quando ſi ſarà dichiarato ciò, che ſia eſſo decoro. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1733" xml:space="preserve">Diciamo adunque, il decoro non eſſ<unsure/>er altro che una bellezza, e una grazia del-<lb/>le coſe, che naſce da una certa giuſtezza diſtributiva, ſecondo la quale ſi dà <lb/>tutto quello, che ſi conviene a ciaſcuna parte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1734" xml:space="preserve">Ma per adattare al noſtro pro-<lb/>poſito queſta deſinizione, ſi dice, che il decoro delle fabbriche altro non è, <lb/>che una bellezza cagionata dalla convenienza delle parti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1735" xml:space="preserve">quando, ſecondo una <lb/>giuſta, e proporzionevol diſpoſizione ſi è conceduto a ciaſcuna quanto ſe le <lb/>conveniva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1736" xml:space="preserve">Perciò, affinchè intendiamo gli errori di queſta maniera, ſi dice, <lb/>che qualunque fabbrica, come imitatrice del corpo umano, è compoſta di mem-<lb/>bra, poichè in eſſe ſi trovano il capo, le ſpalle, i ſianchi, il ventre, e le gam-<lb/>be. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1737" xml:space="preserve">Ed a ciaſcun membro ſono aſſegnati i ſuoi ornamenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1738" xml:space="preserve">che quei delle ſpal-<lb/>le, dei fianchi, e del rimanente, non ſi attribuiſcono al capo, e così viceverſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1739" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Che è ſoverchia diligenza il continuare i medeſimi ornamenti particolari, e i <lb/>medeſimi compartimenti di membra, di vani, e di particelle, che ſi trovano <lb/>ne’ſianchi, nelle ſpalle, nella fronte, o nella faccia, la quale è la parte <lb/>principale, e il capo della fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1740" xml:space="preserve">Il che è totalmente ſuperſluo, ſiccome ſi <lb/>vede nella fabbrica di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1741" xml:space="preserve">Pietro di Roma; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1742" xml:space="preserve">baſtando pure aſſai la continuazio-<lb/>ne, e il concorſo delle colonne, dei pilaſtri, dell’architrave, del fregio, e del-<lb/>la cornice inſieme col ſecond’Ordine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1743" xml:space="preserve">eſſendo baſtevole, ſecondo il buon diſe-<lb/>gno formare il portico di Michelagnolo Buonarruoti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1744" xml:space="preserve">E tanto più che ſempre <lb/>nelle fronti dei Templi è ſtato coſtume di collocare il portico, o quaſi porti-<lb/>co, come ſappiamo da Vitruvio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1745" xml:space="preserve">Oltre a ciò ſi erra nel decoro, non dandoſi <lb/>alle membra il debito adornamento, come, quando nella fronte non ſi pone il <lb/>faſtigio e il ſronteſpizio, che è il principale ornamento del Capo, ſiccome l<emph style="sub">2</emph> <lb/>acconciatura delle donne, dagli Antichi detta Caliendro, come ſi vede preſſo <lb/>Orazio nel Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1746" xml:space="preserve">I. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1747" xml:space="preserve">dei Sermoni ---- altum Saganæ caliendrum <lb/>Excidere ----</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1748" xml:space="preserve">E Tutolo, come ſi ritrae da Feſto Pompeo = Aponiæ a tulis, onde perav-<lb/>ventura ſi è tratto il Titolo, che appreſſo noi è il faſtigio, e il ſronteſpizio <lb/>delle Chieſe, dove in luogo d’iſcrizione dedicatoria, ſi fanno dipignere le im-<lb/>magini dei Santi Titolari dei luoghi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1749" xml:space="preserve">Ma che il fronteſpizio delle Chieſe ſi di-<lb/>ca Titolo, ſi può provare per quello, che ſi legge nel Terzo Libro delle Cro-<lb/>niche Caſſinenſi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1750" xml:space="preserve">=</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1751" xml:space="preserve">Baſibus ſuppoſitis, columnas deſuper decem ex uno latere, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1752" xml:space="preserve">ex altero toti-<lb/>dem erexit cubitorum novem: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1753" xml:space="preserve">feneſtras quoque in ſuperioribus amplas, in na-<lb/>vi quidem viginti, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1754" xml:space="preserve">unam: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1755" xml:space="preserve">in Titulo vero ſex longas, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1756" xml:space="preserve">rotundas qua-<lb/>tuor; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1757" xml:space="preserve">ac duas in abſida media ſtatuit. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1758" xml:space="preserve">Porticus vero utriuſque parietes in al-<lb/>titudine cubitorum quindecim, ſubjungens feneſtris, binc decem, totidemque <lb/>inde, diſtinxit. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1759" xml:space="preserve">= E queſto errore ſi ſcorge nella facciata di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1760" xml:space="preserve">Pietro in Vati-<lb/>cano: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1761" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè in vece di terminare nel faſtigio, termina nella balauſtra-<lb/>ta, e nelle ſtatue, che vi ſon poſte per ultimo finimento, ma non baſtevole, <lb/>oltre al non eſſer quello luogo loro conveniente, ſiccome anche nell’ultima cor-<lb/>nice del Campidoglio, benchè vi ſieno ſtate poſte per moſtrar più alta la fab-<lb/>brica; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1762" xml:space="preserve">sì perchè in tal luogo non ſi conſervano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1763" xml:space="preserve">sì ancora, perchè ſon troppo <lb/>lontane alla viſta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1764" xml:space="preserve">Nè baſta aver ſatto il fronteſpizio alla parte di mezzo della fronte, <lb/>che viene in fuori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1765" xml:space="preserve">poichè il faſtigio dei Templi dee avanzare tutto il rimanente <lb/>della fabbrica; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1766" xml:space="preserve">ſiccome ſi vede in tutte le fronti dei Templi antichi, degli anti-<lb/>chi moderni, e dei moderni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1767" xml:space="preserve">Ed in vero (mi ſi conceda pure il dirlo) pare <lb/>coſa molto diſdicevole, che quella Chieſa, che è Capo di tutte le Chieſe del- <pb o="50" file="0066" n="66" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGI ARCHITETTI"/> la Criſtianità, ſia ſenza faſtigio, e ſenza Titolo, che per antico Rito, e per <lb/>Legge Eccleſiaſtica, non ſi trova alcun’altra Chieſa, che non l’abbia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1768" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1769" xml:space="preserve">Si pecca nel decoro, quando ſi uſano per ornamento coſe non convenevoliai <lb/>luoghi ſagri, e ai luoghi profani: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1770" xml:space="preserve">e quando ſi adattano, ſenza conſiderazione <lb/>alcuna, e ſuori d’ogni corriſpondenza, gli Ordini d’Architettura, cioè, dove <lb/>conviene più la ſodezza dell’Ordine Toſcano, e del Dorico, e della maniera ru-<lb/>ſtica, applicando l’Jonico, il Corintio, o il Compoſito, e viceverſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1771" xml:space="preserve">e quel-<lb/>lo, che conviene a un ſeſſo, e a una condizione, attribuendo a un’altra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1772" xml:space="preserve">Fi-<lb/>nalmente ſi erra nella medeſima guiſa, quando non ſi danno alle membra le de-<lb/>bite miſure, e proporzioni conſormi alle ſpezie di ciaſcun’Ordine: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1773" xml:space="preserve">quando non <lb/>ſi dà quella corriſpondenza degli ornamenti, quel collegamento uniſorme, che ſi <lb/>richiede: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1774" xml:space="preserve">e quando le altezze ſi fanno ſproporzionate, e le lunghezze alle lar-<lb/>ghezze, ſe però non ne è cagione il ſito, e la lontananza dall’occhio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1775" xml:space="preserve">e final-<lb/>mente, quando per una particolare comodità, che ſi poſſa trarre dall’altra par-<lb/>te, ſi guaſta, e ſi confonde il componimento, e s’interrompe l’ordine degli or-<lb/>namenti della fronte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1776" xml:space="preserve">E tutti queſti ſono i più notabili errori, che occorrano nel <lb/>tralaſciare il decoro della fabbrica.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1777" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div31" type="section" level="1" n="31"> <head xml:id="echoid-head38" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VIII. <lb/>Degli errori, che dagli Architetti ſi permettono, mentre i Miniſtri uſano cat-<lb/>tivo ammaſſamento, e mala ſtruttura di mattoni, e di pietre, facendo <lb/>mala compoſizione di muraglia.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1778" xml:space="preserve">GLi errori, che gli Architetti laſciano commettere dai fabbricatori nell’am-<lb/>maſſamento, e nella ſtruttura delle muraglie, non ſolamente ſon cagione <lb/>della difforme apparenza loro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1779" xml:space="preserve">ma ancora (e queſto è ciò, che più importa) <lb/>di fare che non durino lungo tempo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1780" xml:space="preserve">E però gli Architetti ſon tenuti a oſſer-<lb/>vare, colla maggiore induſtria loro poſſibile, il modo tenuto dai Muratori nel <lb/>ſabbricare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1781" xml:space="preserve">Queſti errori conſiſtono nel fare i muramenti non eſattamente livella-<lb/>ti, e ſquadrati, e negli ordini, e nei filari delle pietre, e dei mattoni non ben <lb/>poſti in piano, nè ben battuti, e con troppa calcina, e che ſia di mala quali-<lb/>tà, e mal compoſta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1782" xml:space="preserve">ovvero nel mal collegamento dei mattoni, e delle pietre, <lb/>e dei ſilari inſieme in ciaſcun piano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1783" xml:space="preserve">non ſolo nella corteccia, e nella fodera <lb/>del muro dalla parte di fuori, ma ancora nel riempimento della parte di dentro, <lb/>e nel congiungere il ripieno con eſſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1784" xml:space="preserve">onde ſi fa una muraglia male unita, e non <lb/>ſoda, e tale, che per ſe ſteſſa ſi può ſcroſtare, e facilmente a poco ridurſi in <lb/>rovina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1785" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè la molta calcina, e mal lavorata, e peggio impaſtata, <lb/>raſciugandoſi perde il nervo, e ſi converte in terra: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1786" xml:space="preserve">benchè la calcina meſco-<lb/>lata colla puzzolana non ſia di queſta natura, onde ſi vede nelle muraglie anti-<lb/>che di Roma in tal quantità, che agguaglia la groſſezza dei mattoni, non ſola-<lb/>mente gli lega, ma gli ſupera nella durezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1787" xml:space="preserve">E il buon collegamento delle mu-<lb/>ra non conſiſte nella quantità della calcina; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1788" xml:space="preserve">poichè la medeſima nell’unire le <lb/>pietre, e i mattoni ſa l’uſizio della colla nel congiungere i legnami, e della ſal-<lb/>datura, per attaccare inſieme metalli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1789" xml:space="preserve">laonde baſta prenderne poca. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1790" xml:space="preserve">O gli er-<lb/>rori ſon collocati nel non procurare, che le pietre, che ſi pongono per ornamen-<lb/>to, s’incaſtrino bene dentro la groſſezza del muro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1791" xml:space="preserve">e queſto accade in Siena, <lb/>dove per neceſſità ſi conducono pietre di piccola grandezza, per riſparmio del-<lb/>la ſpeſa, perchè non ſi poſſon condurre ſe non per mezzo di carri, o a ſchiena <lb/>di mulo per la lontananza delle Cave, e per la difficoltà delle ſtrade; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1792" xml:space="preserve">e perchè <lb/>tali pietre ſi mantengano negl’incroſtamenti delle muraglie, è neceſſario legarle <lb/>con grappe di ferro, onde vi durano, mentre eſſo ſi mantiene; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1793" xml:space="preserve">ma con-<lb/>ſumato dalla ruggine, le pietre rimangono ſciolte, e cadono, e una, che ne <lb/>rovini, dà occaſione alla caduta delle altre. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1794" xml:space="preserve">Si veggono gli errori non guardan-<lb/>doſi, che le parti delle muraglie, e ſpezialmente ſe gli angoli facciano mala le-<lb/>gatura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1795" xml:space="preserve">o le mura nuove ſi legano bene colle vecchie, acciocchè ſieno più ſta-<lb/>bili: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1796" xml:space="preserve">o nell’uſar poca diligenza, non avvertendo, che l’opera non ſi alzi più in <pb o="51" file="0067" n="67" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> una parte, che in un’altra, onde ſi viene a pericolo maniſeſto di rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1797" xml:space="preserve">Ed <lb/>avendo a far le fabbriche con volta, non ſi facciano i ſianchi troppo deboli, e <lb/>ſpezialmente quando ſi hanno a fare le volte piane, che per cagione del poco <lb/>ſeſto, e del molto peſo, hanno forza di ſpigner le muraglie in maniera, che <lb/>non baſtano le catene di ferro a tenerle imbrigliate, e ſtrette in loro ſteſſe, af-<lb/>finchè non precipitino, e maſſime ſe non vi è chi le fiancheggi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1798" xml:space="preserve">Ma contro la <lb/>violenza loro non ſi può fare altra reſiſtenza, che colla groſſezza della mura-<lb/>glia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1799" xml:space="preserve">mentre è grandiſſimo errore il ſidarſi nelle catene, che ſpeſſe volte ſi ſon <lb/>vedute rotte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1800" xml:space="preserve">Ovvero oſſervando il coſtume degli Antichi, i quali avendo a far <lb/>le volte piane, non cominciavano il ſeſto, nè facevano l’impoſta loro nella ſu-<lb/>perſicie delle mura dei ſianchi, e poco addentro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1801" xml:space="preserve">ma formando un intiero ſe-<lb/>ſto di mezzo cerchio, per altezza, e per ritto coſtituivano l’impoſta della vol-<lb/>ta nel centro della groſſezza delle muraglie: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1802" xml:space="preserve">di modo che il piombo di eſſe in <lb/>ambedue i fianchi determinava il ſeſto, e l’impoſta della parte piana della <lb/>volta, ſiccome ſi vede in Roma nelle Terme di Diocleziano, in quel luogo, <lb/>dove era la Pinacoteca, ove per trattenimento di chi vi andava, erano poſte <lb/>varie pitture, e ſculture, a imitazione del qual luogo oggi ſono ſtate inventa-<lb/>te dai Principi le Gallerie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1803" xml:space="preserve">La forma di dette volte ſi moſtra quì appreſſ<unsure/>o.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1804" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0067-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0067-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption29" style="it" xml:space="preserve">La forma del intiero sesto per formar la volta piana, <lb/>secondo il costume degli antichi</caption> </figure> <pb o="52" file="0068" n="68" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1805" xml:space="preserve">Tale era ancora la volta della Cella Soliare, che dagli Architetti ſi ſtimava <lb/>non poterſi imitare, eſſendo di gran ſeſto, e piana, ſembrando male atta a reg-<lb/>gere il peſo dell’acqua, che vi ſi faceva andare ai biſogni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1806" xml:space="preserve">onde ſu neceſſario <lb/>farle ſotto un’armadura, che la reggeſſe, fatta di rame, in forma di cammel-<lb/>li, come ſi legge preſſo Elia Sparziano nella Vita d’Antonio Caracalla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1807" xml:space="preserve">=</s> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1808" xml:space="preserve">Opera Romæ reliquit, Thermas nomini ſuo eximias, quarum Cellam Solearem <lb/>(alcuni leggono Soliarem) Architecti negant, poſſe ulla imitatione, qua facta <lb/>eſt, fieri: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1809" xml:space="preserve">nam & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1810" xml:space="preserve">ex ære, vel cupro Cameli ſuppoſiti eſſe dicuntur, quibus ca-<lb/>meratio tota concredita eſt; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1811" xml:space="preserve">& </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1812" xml:space="preserve">tantum eſt ſpatii, ut id ipſum fieri negent po-<lb/>tuiſſe docti Mechanici. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1813" xml:space="preserve">=</s> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1814" xml:space="preserve">Queſta cella era detta Soliare da’Solii, ſiccome il triclinio era detto da’tre <lb/>letti diſcubitorj; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1815" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè in eſſa erano collocati i ſolii, cioè, una maniera <lb/>di ſedie fatte di pietra, le quali avevano il piano, dove ſi ſedeva, a modo di <lb/>mezza luna, e così fatto, acciocchè le perſone ſi poteſſero bagnar le parti da baſ-<lb/>ſo ſtando a ſedere, come ſi può vedere preſſo Girolamo Mercuriale nel primo Li-<lb/>bro dell’Arte Ginnaſtica nella pag. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1816" xml:space="preserve">X. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1817" xml:space="preserve">in una figura datagli da Pietro Ligori: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1818" xml:space="preserve">della quale fa menzione Franceſco Alberti Fiorentino nel Libro dell’Antichità di <lb/>Roma dedicato a Papa Giulio II.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1819" xml:space="preserve">, favellando delle Terme in queſta guiſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1820" xml:space="preserve">= <lb/>Thermæ Antonianæ, quas Baſtianus Antonius Caracalla incboavit<unsure/>, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1821" xml:space="preserve">Alexan-<lb/>der perfecit, adhuc viſuntur ſemidirutæ apud Eccleſiam S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1822" xml:space="preserve">Xiſti, quarum Cel-<lb/>lam Solearem Architecti negant, poſſe ulla imitatione, qua facta eſt, fieri; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1823" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>nam ex ære, vel cupro (ut ait Spartianus) cameli ſuppoſiti eſſe dicuntur, <lb/>quibus cameratio tota concredita eſt; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1824" xml:space="preserve">& </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1825" xml:space="preserve">tantum eſt ſpatii, ut id ipſum fieri <lb/>negent potuiſſe docti mechanici, ut adhuc viſuntur ingentes ruinæ cum altis <lb/>parietibus, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1826" xml:space="preserve">ſemiſepultis columnis.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1827" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0068-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0068-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption30" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Figura della Cella Soliare</caption> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1828" xml:space="preserve">Ma nel fabbricar le volte ſi erra talora uſando la materia troppo grave, la <lb/>quale di ſoverchio affatica i fianchi, talchè appena poſſon reſiſtere allo ſpingi-<lb/>mento, ed al gravitar loro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1829" xml:space="preserve">e però gli Antichi le fecero di pietre leggiere di po-<lb/>mici, di cannoni, di vaſi di terra cotta, come, vettine, coppi, ovvero orci, e <lb/>ſimili, di tufo leggiero: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1830" xml:space="preserve">(e quando foſſe poſſibile, ſi potrebbero fabbricare di <lb/>mattoni di Marſilia, Città della Francia, e di Pitane Città dell’Aſia, i quali ſi <lb/>formavano di creta pomicioſa, e tanto leggiera, che ſtava a galla ſopra l’acqua, <pb o="53" file="0069" n="69" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> dice Vitruvio nel Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1831" xml:space="preserve">2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1832" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1833" xml:space="preserve">4.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1834" xml:space="preserve">, e Plinio nel Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1835" xml:space="preserve">35. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1836" xml:space="preserve">cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1837" xml:space="preserve">13. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1838" xml:space="preserve">Nè ſarebbe impoſ-<lb/>ſibile l’aver copia di tali mattoni, quando pur vi ſi<unsure/> ſaceſſero; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1839" xml:space="preserve">e non vi ſi facen-<lb/>do, condurre in queſte parti la creta per fargli: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1840" xml:space="preserve">non è poi impoſſibile il condur-<lb/>re da luoghi lontaniſſimi le colonne, e altri pezzi di marmi di grandezza mag-<lb/>giore). </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1841" xml:space="preserve">O gli appoggiavano ai fianchi con contrafforti, barbacani, e pilaſtri, <lb/>riempiendo ancora di qua, e di là i peducci di buona muraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1842" xml:space="preserve">Si erra altresì, <lb/>quando non ſi fanno ben ſerrate, nè con buona calcina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1843" xml:space="preserve">e però quando nol proi-<lb/>biſca il pericolo d’umidità, è meglio murarle con geſſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1844" xml:space="preserve">poichè in tal modo ſi <lb/>fanno ſaldiſſime per cagione della gagliarda, e ſubita preſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1845" xml:space="preserve">E’anche grande er-<lb/>rore il diſarmarle troppo preſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1846" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente, o per riſparmiar la ſpeſa, o per <lb/>altra cagione, non è error mediocre il far le volte troppo ſottili, sì perchè <lb/>non ſon molto atte a reſiſtere al peſo, sì ancora perchè facilmente ſi poſſon <lb/>rompere, moſſi due, o tre mattoni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1847" xml:space="preserve">E penetrandovi per qualche accidente l’ <lb/>acqua, agevolmente ſi marciſcono, e ſi ſcollegano, e non poſſon reſiſtere a <lb/>qualche peſo violento di coſa, che ſopra vi cada. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1848" xml:space="preserve">E di queſta maniera ſon <lb/>tutte le volte finte, benchè ſien guardate da palchi, che ſi fidano ne’legnami, che <lb/>ſon ſallaci, e ſottopoſtia diverſi accidenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1849" xml:space="preserve">Ma in ſomma più biaſimevole errore ſi <lb/>è il far le volte di cannicci, le quali ſon ſottopoſte all’ofſeſa del fuoco, e del-<lb/>l’acqua, nè ſe ne può conſervare il ſeſto loro in ciaſcuna parte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1850" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſi <lb/>piegano, ſi ſpezzano, e calano diverſamente, eſſendo di materia arrendevole, <lb/>e tirate in giù dal peſo dell’intonacatura di calcina, e di geſſo, eſoſtentandoſi <lb/>ſolamente dai chiodi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1851" xml:space="preserve">Per lo che mi maraviglio molto, che in Napoli, in quel-<lb/>la così nobil fabbrica dello Studio, le volte delle ſcuole ſieno ſtate fatte di can-<lb/>nicci, coſa veramente diſdicevole alla dignità di quella fabbrica.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1852" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div32" type="section" level="1" n="32"> <head xml:id="echoid-head39" xml:space="preserve">CAPO IX. <lb/>Degli errori nella ſuperfluità, e nel difetto.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1853" xml:space="preserve">LA natura, che è la Maeſtra dell’Arte, nelle opere ſue non è mai diſetto-<lb/>ſa, nè ſuperſlua. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1854" xml:space="preserve">Così l’Arte imitatrice ſua non dee troppo abbondare, <lb/>nè troppo eſſer manchevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1855" xml:space="preserve">Nella ſteſſa guiſa l’Architettura, la quale imita <lb/>la Natura, nelle fabbriche non dee trapaſſare la neceſſità, nè laſciare di far <lb/>tutto quello, che è neceſſario. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1856" xml:space="preserve">E però nel ſabbricare alcuna volta accadono gli <lb/>errori nel difetto delle coſe neceſſarie, e nella ſuperſluità di quelle, che non ſi <lb/>richiedono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1857" xml:space="preserve">E gli errori nel mancamento ſono di più maniere; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1858" xml:space="preserve">poichè o ſono <lb/>nel difetto della groſſezza debita delle muraglie, o dello ſpazio proporzionato de’ <lb/>luoghi, ſecondo la lunghezza, e ſecondo l’altezza: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1859" xml:space="preserve">o nel mancamento di quel-<lb/>le parti, che rinforzano, e aſſicurano, i fondamenti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1860" xml:space="preserve">o nel diſetto de’lumi, i <lb/>qualimancando, ſon cagione, cheiluoghi delle fabbriche ſi poſſono male uſare, st <lb/>per la malinconìa, che apportano, sì ancora perchè l’aria non vi ſi muta, nè <lb/>vi traſpira: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1861" xml:space="preserve">ovvero nel diſetto d’alcune membra neceſſarie, come d’architravi, d’ <lb/>archi, di fregj, di cornici, di corone, cioè, di gocciolatoj, e di quelle, le <lb/>quali avrebbero a eſſere il ſoſtegno della ſabbrica, e di quelle altre, che deb-<lb/>bono eſſere il compimento, e il termine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1862" xml:space="preserve">e altre, per le quali l’acqua piova-<lb/>na tutta ſe ne ſcoli al baſſo, acciocchè l’ediſizio non ſia oſſeſo dall’umido ſo-<lb/>verchio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1863" xml:space="preserve">o conſiſtono nel difetto delle baſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1864" xml:space="preserve">Benchè alcune volte volontaria-<lb/>mente, e ſenza errore non ſieno ſtate uſate le baſi delle colonne, per uſcir del-<lb/>lo ſtile ordinario, e per moſtrare, che la fabbrica naſca ſopra il terreno, co-<lb/>me fanno gli Alberi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1865" xml:space="preserve">Il che fece ſaviamente quell’Architetto, il quale nel diſegno <lb/>del Teatro di Marcello, che oggi è detto Monte Savello; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1866" xml:space="preserve">e quell’altro, che <lb/>nella fronte, e nel portico, che gira intorno al Tempio della Pietà, che anti-<lb/>camente fu il carcere pubblico, il quale aggiunſe al Tempio nella fronte il <lb/>portico con ſei colonne, da Vitruvio detto Eſaſtico; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1867" xml:space="preserve">e perchè girava intorno <lb/>alla Cella, congiungendoſi col portico de’fianchi, portico, che ſi direbbe, ſe-<lb/>condo Vitruvio, ampbiproſtilos, ovvero anfiproſtilo eſaſtico, ſi veggono le co-<lb/>lonne ſenza baſi, e ſi moſtrano come ſorgenti dalla terra, ſiccome ſono le co- <pb o="54" file="0070" n="70" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> lonne del detto Teatro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1868" xml:space="preserve">Per la qual coſa i Templiſono ſtati talvolta detti na-<lb/>ſcenti, ſiccome per avventura ſi legge preſſo Marziale nel VI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1869" xml:space="preserve">Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1870" xml:space="preserve">degli Epi-<lb/>grammi, e ſpezialmente in quello, che dice =</s> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1871" xml:space="preserve">Cenſor maxime, principumque princeps, <lb/>Cui tot jam tibi debeat triumphos, <lb/>Tot naſcentia Templa, tot renata, <lb/>Tot ſpectacula, tot Deos, tot Urbes. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1872" xml:space="preserve">Plus debet tibi Roma, (quod pudica eſt.)</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1873" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1874" xml:space="preserve">Ma queſto coſtume di non porre le baſi alle colonne, ſiccome ſi vede, è ſtato <lb/>ſolamente uſato nell’Ordine Dorico, a cui par conveniente, a motivo della ſodez-<lb/>za, e della purità ſua; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1875" xml:space="preserve">onde crederei, che foſſe errore l’adattarle ad altro Ordi-<lb/>ne. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1876" xml:space="preserve">O ſon collocati nel difetto de’poſamenti convenevoli, e proporzionati al pe-<lb/>ſo, che hanno a reggere, cioè, quando ſono ſcarſi di groſſezza ne’fondamenti, <lb/>e per poco avvedimento di chi aſſiſte alla muraglia, o di chi opera per ava-<lb/>rizia di chi ſpende, o per l’abbreviamento del fabbricare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1877" xml:space="preserve">Così ancora, quan-<lb/>do le parti vicine ai fondamenti ſon troppo ſottili, onde non ſon proporzio-<lb/>nate al peſo delle muraglie: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1878" xml:space="preserve">e allora ſi fa maggior errore, quando ſopr’eſſe ſi <lb/>leva troppo in alto la fabbrica; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1879" xml:space="preserve">che bene ſpeſſo minacciano rovina, ond’è neceſ-<lb/>ſario, o rifonder le muraglie, o appoggiarvi barbacani, e ſperoni, dove non <lb/>baſtano le catene. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1880" xml:space="preserve">O finalmente appariſcono manifeſtamente gli errori, quando <lb/>ſi fanno le fabbriche ſenza fondamenti, ſiccome ſi vede una Torre in Siena nel <lb/>terzo di Camolia ſotto le Cappuccine, detta Torre del Pulcino, della quale fa <lb/>menzione Leon Battiſta Alberti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1881" xml:space="preserve">Pel contrario gli errori, che ſon poſti nella ſu-<lb/>perfluità, o appartengono all’aggiungimento del numero delle membra non ne-<lb/>ceſſarie, e agli adornamenti poſticci, od al moltiplicare i luoghi, e i vani, <lb/>quando non biſogna, e più di quello, che ſi richiede; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1882" xml:space="preserve">o finalmente apparten-<lb/>gono alle groſſezze de’muri, abbondando oltre il biſogno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1883" xml:space="preserve">Ma ne’muramenti, <lb/>ſeppur ſi concede l’errore, meglio ſarà permettere, che ſi erri nell’eccedere del-<lb/>le groſſezze, che nel diſetto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1884" xml:space="preserve">che quando le groſſezze ſieno ſoverchie, è facil <lb/>coſa lo ſcemarle, quando ſia biſogno; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1885" xml:space="preserve">e nella maggior groſſezza ſi fa miglior <lb/>baſe, e più ſtabile fondamento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1886" xml:space="preserve">ma quando ſon troppo manchevoli, è difficil <lb/>coſa l’ingroſſarle, e ſeppure s’ingroſſano, mal ſi collegano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1887" xml:space="preserve">L’ecceſſo delle mem-<lb/>bra allora ſuccede, quando ſi fanno alcune membra per ornamento, le quali non <lb/>ſono di frutto alcuno, poichè ſenz’eſſe poſſono ornatamente, e comodamente ſta-<lb/>re, come ne’compartimenti delle abitazioni ſi fanno alcuni luoghi d’avanzo, <lb/>o ſi multiplicano le ſcale, quando baſta una ſola, e quando al più ſe ne fanno <lb/>due: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1888" xml:space="preserve">ed in ſomma, quando al numero determinato, e conveniente s’aggiungono <lb/>altre membra, che non hanno fine alcuno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1889" xml:space="preserve">Come, quando per ornamento d’ <lb/>alcuno Altare, o delle parti, o d’alcuna fineſtra, ſi faceſſero riſaltare i piedeſtal-<lb/>li, le colonne, e le cornici, e ſopra la giunta dalle bande ſi collocaſſ<unsure/>e il fronteſpi-<lb/>zio poſato ſopra menſole, onde il detto riſaltamento non ſerviſſe a reggere alcu-<lb/>na coſa, come dimoſtrano gli appreſſo eſempj.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1890" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="55" file="0071" n="71" rhead="PARTE SECONDA"/> <figure> <image file="0071-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0071-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0071-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0071-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption31" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Csempio di Altare ò finestra, con <lb/>frontispizio posto sopra Mensole, <lb/>e collonna con piedestallo, e cornice <lb/>che non regge alcuna cosa.<lb/>Spaccato della sudetta <lb/>figura</caption> </figure> <pb o="56" file="0072" n="72" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div33" type="section" level="1" n="33"> <head xml:id="echoid-head40" xml:space="preserve">CAPOX. <lb/>Degli errori della mutazione dell<emph style="sub">3</emph> Ordine delle parti, dell’ uſo, e della mala <lb/>corriſpondenza loro.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1891" xml:space="preserve">LA mutazione dell’ ordine delle parti, e delle membra loro è uno errore di <lb/>molta importanza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1892" xml:space="preserve">poichè dove non ſi oſſerva ordine, quivi è confuſione, <lb/>e dove è confuſione, ivi è deformità, ed ove queſta ſi vede, non regna per-<lb/>fezione alcuna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1893" xml:space="preserve">E però ciaſcuno Architetto nei diſegni, nei modelli, negl’ inta-<lb/>gli delle pietre, dee con ogni accorgimento procurare, che non ſi muti l’ ordine <lb/>delle membra, delle parti delle fabbriche, e degli ornamenti loro, per non eſ-<lb/>ſer occaſione, che le forme loro rieſcano confuſe, e deformi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1894" xml:space="preserve">poichè ciò non <lb/>facendo, permetterebbe, che non procedeſſero da buona ragione d’ Architettura, <lb/>nè più degno ei ſarebbe del nome d’Architetto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1895" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1896" xml:space="preserve">Ma affinchè ſi manifeſti la condizione di queſti errori, che a guiſa d’Idra, <lb/>ſono un moſtro di più capi, primieramente diremo, il primo dei ſuoi Capi <lb/>eſſer quello, che conſiſte nel collocamento de’corpi, cioè, quando i minori ſi <lb/>ſottopongono ai maggiori, e i rotondi ai quadrati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1897" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè il collocare <lb/>i corpi minori ſotto ai maggiori, non ſolo è contro all’Arte, ma eziandio con-<lb/>tro la Natura, come ſi vede negli alberi, dove la parte del tronco vicina alle <lb/>radici è ſempre più groſſa, e quella, che ſegue appreſſo, va minorando fino alla <lb/>cima, vale a dire, è più ſottile, poichè quanto più s’inalza, tanto più s’aſſot-<lb/>tiglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1898" xml:space="preserve">E a imitazione di queſto (imperciocchè anche le fabbriche ſon dette <lb/>naſcenti) per regola d’Architettura ſempre le parti, che più s’accoſtano alla <lb/>ſuperficie del terreno, e al fondamento, tanto più debbono eſſere di maggior <lb/>groſſezza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1899" xml:space="preserve">ma però ſecondo la regola della proporzione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1900" xml:space="preserve">e quelle, che più ſi di-<lb/>ſcoſtano, e aſcendono, avvicinandoſi alla cima, più ſi debbono diminuire, sì <lb/>per cagione di non accreſcere il peſo, e di non poſare i corpi ſuperiori in falſo, <lb/>sì ancora per cagione della grazia dell’opera. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1901" xml:space="preserve">Si avverta però la diminuzione, che <lb/>si fa ſoltanto nelle groſſezze; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1902" xml:space="preserve">poichè nelle altezze, piuttoſto ſi accreſce proporzio-<lb/>nevolmente la miſura, per cagione della lontananza, come altrove ſi è accennato.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1903" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1904" xml:space="preserve">Per la ſteſſa ragione il ſecondo capo appariſce, quando i corpi rotondi ſi pon-<lb/>gono ſotto ai quadrati, come nei primi ordini di qualche ornamento, po-<lb/>nendoſi le colonne tonde, e nei ſecondi le quadrate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1905" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſi potrebbe forſe <lb/>dire, ciò non eſſere errore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1906" xml:space="preserve">poichè i corpi tondi non avendo angolo alcu-<lb/>no, ſono più forti, e più atti a reſiſtere al peſo, come ſi ritrae da Vitruvio, <lb/>il quale in ciò preferiſce le torri tonde delle mura delle Città alle poligone, <lb/>cioè, di molti angoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1907" xml:space="preserve">Ciò è vero in quanto alle torri; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1908" xml:space="preserve">ma non ſi può adat-<lb/>tare ai corpi, che ordinatamente ſi pongono l’un ſopra l’altro, perchè non con-<lb/>vengono nella medeſima ragione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1909" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè le torri ſieno eſpoſte a far teſta <lb/>alle offeſe, che vengono loro incontro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1910" xml:space="preserve">dove queſti corpi ſi fanno reſiſtenza fra <lb/>loro, cioè, quelli, che ſono ſotto, reſiſtono alla gravitazione di quelli, che ſtan-<lb/>no lor ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1911" xml:space="preserve">Anzi per diverſo fine ſi antepongono le torri tonde alle angolari, <lb/>dal fine dei corpi tondi poſti ſotto ai quadrati: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1912" xml:space="preserve">queſti debbon fare buon fonda-<lb/>mento ai corpi, che vi ſi poſano ſopra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1913" xml:space="preserve">e quelli dovevano far valida reſiſten <lb/>za all’ urto degli arieti, e ora alle percoſſe delle Artiglierie, benchè ſi ricuſino <lb/>dalla moderna ragione di fortificazione, diverſa dall’antica, a motivo della mi-<lb/>lizia diverſa, e della nuova maniera delle armi offenſive. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1914" xml:space="preserve">E però all’ obiezione ſi <lb/>riſponde, che i corpi rotondi, gli angolari, e i quadrati, ſi poſſono conſiderare <lb/>in due modi, cioè, o in quanto i quadrati ſi traggono dai rotondi, come il con-<lb/>tenuto dal continente, e l’effetto dalla cagione, ſiccome ſi ritrae dalla propoſizio-<lb/>ne XV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1915" xml:space="preserve">del 13. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1916" xml:space="preserve">e dalla XXI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1917" xml:space="preserve">del 14. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1918" xml:space="preserve">Libro d’Euclide: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1919" xml:space="preserve">o in quanto i tondi ſi ca-<lb/>vano dai quadrati, per mezzo del taglio ſcambievole delle linee diagonali, come <lb/>dal continente loro.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1920" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1921" xml:space="preserve">Nel primo modo i corpi tondi ſi dovrebbero porre ſotto ai quadrati, ſecondo la <lb/>precedenza dell’ origine, che nella ragione del fabbricare non ſi ſtima: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1922" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſe <pb o="57" file="0073" n="73" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> ciò ſi uſaſſe, si farebbero anche i piediſtalli delle colonne rotondi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1923" xml:space="preserve">E benchè <lb/>la più parte delle membra delle baſi ſi formi rotonda, accompagnando la <lb/>tondezza delle colonne, come ſono il cordone piccolo, e il grande, e il cavet-<lb/>to, e gli anelli, e regoletti, o liſtelli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1924" xml:space="preserve">nondimeno tutti inſieme si poſano nel-<lb/>lo Zoccolo, che è quadrato, i cui angoli per maggior ſaldezza avanzano la cir-<lb/>conferenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1925" xml:space="preserve">Nel ſecondo modo i corpi quadrati ſi ſottopongono ai rotondi, e <lb/>dalla groſſezza loro ſi traggono le groſſezze delle colonne, che nella pianta dei <lb/>piediſtalli, che è quadrata, ſi contengono le baſi, e le colonne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1926" xml:space="preserve">che oltre alla <lb/>forma circolare, vi ſi aggiungono gli angoli, che arrecano ſaldezza maggiore, <lb/>la quale naſce dal corpo cubico, che di ſua natura ſta ſempre in piedi, e immo-<lb/>bile: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1927" xml:space="preserve">che per tal ragione il cubo è ſtato dai Filoſofi antichi adattato alla Ter-<lb/>ra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1928" xml:space="preserve">E ſecondo queſta ragione le colonne del primo Ordine ſi dovrebbero far <lb/>quadre, e tonde quelle del ſecond’ Ordine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1929" xml:space="preserve">ovvero, per non variar dall’uſo, <lb/>tanto quelle del primo, quanto quelle del ſecondo si debbon far tonde. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1930" xml:space="preserve">Ben-<lb/>chè nell’ Anfiteatro fabbricato da Veſpaſiano, ſebbene Marziale per adulazione <lb/>ne attribuiſca l’onore a Domiziano (ſiccome dice Bernardo Gamucci nel ſuo <lb/>Libro delle Antichità di Roma) mentre nel principio del primo Libro degli <lb/>Epigrammi, e ſpezialmente ne’due primi dice in queſta maniera =</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div34" type="section" level="1" n="34"> <head xml:id="echoid-head41" xml:space="preserve">I. <lb/>IN AMPHITEATRUM CÆSARIS.</head> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1931" xml:space="preserve">Barbara pyramidum ſileat miracula Memphis, <lb/>Aſſiduus jactet nec Babylona labor.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1932" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1933" xml:space="preserve">Nec Triviæ Templo molles laudentur honores, <lb/>Diſſimuletque Deum cornibus ara frequens.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1934" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1935" xml:space="preserve">Aere nec vacuo pendentia Mauſolea <lb/>Laudibus immodicis Cares in aſtra ferant.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1936" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1937" xml:space="preserve">Omnis Cæſareo cedat labor Amphiteatro: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1938" xml:space="preserve">Unum pro cunctis Fama loquatur opus.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1939" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div35" type="section" level="1" n="35"> <head xml:id="echoid-head42" xml:space="preserve">II. <lb/>AD CÆSAREM.</head> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1940" xml:space="preserve">Hic, ubi ſydereus propius videt aſtra coloſſus, <lb/>Et creſcunt media pægmata celſa via, <lb/>Invidioſa feri radiabant atria Regis, <lb/>Unaque jam tota ſtabat in Urbe domus.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1941" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1942" xml:space="preserve">Hic, ubi conſpicui venerabilis ampbitbeatri <lb/>Erigitur moles, ſtagna Neronis erant.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1943" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1944" xml:space="preserve">Hic, ubi miramur velocia munera tbermas, <lb/>Abſtulerat miſeris tecta ſuperbus ager.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1945" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1946" xml:space="preserve">Claudia diffuſas ubi porticus explicat umbras, <lb/>Ultima pars aulæ deficientis erat.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1947" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1948" xml:space="preserve">Reddita Roma ſibi eſt, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1949" xml:space="preserve">ſunt te præſide, Cæſar, <lb/>Delitiæ populi, quæ fuerant domini.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1950" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1951" xml:space="preserve">Nell’ordine più alto ſi veggiono le colonne quadre, che ſecondo l’ opinione co-<lb/>mune ſono d’ Ordine Compoſito, eſſendo tutte le altre tonde, e rilevate in fuo-<lb/>ri per la metà della groſſezza loro, o per due terzi, o per un terzo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1952" xml:space="preserve">Le quali <lb/>colonne piuttoſto ſono Attiche, od Atticurghe, che Compoſite; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1953" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè <lb/>da Plinio ſon dette Atticurghe, ſiccome ſi vede nella ſua naturale Iſtoria nel <lb/>Lib. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1954" xml:space="preserve">36. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1955" xml:space="preserve">Cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1956" xml:space="preserve">23.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1957" xml:space="preserve">, dove ſi afferma, eſſer collocate nella cima dell’Anfiteatro di <lb/>Veſpaſiano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1958" xml:space="preserve">=</s> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s1959" xml:space="preserve">Atticurges eſſe cenſentur, quæ ſunt in ſummo Titi Veſpaſiani Ampbiteatro, <pb o="58" file="0074" n="74" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> quod vulgo Coloſſeum appellant, quamvis non ſint parium laterum, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1960" xml:space="preserve">quota <lb/>tantum parte extantes.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1961" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1962" xml:space="preserve">Ma le colonne ſuddette per due ragioni ſono ſtate fatte quadre; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1963" xml:space="preserve">per la pri-<lb/>ma, poichè ſono Atticurghe, e non Compoſite, le quali, benchè nell’ aggetto, <lb/>o rilievo loro non ſieno perfettamente quadre, come ſi richiede a tale opera; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1964" xml:space="preserve">nondimeno ſono una quarta parte, o una terza, poichè così biſognava farle, <lb/>affinchè poſaſſero ſul vivo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1965" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1966" xml:space="preserve">Per la ſeconda, poichè tali colonne ſon cavate dalla groſſezza delle colonne <lb/>inferiori, le quali ſon tonde; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1967" xml:space="preserve">e perciocchè rappreſentano le contra-colonne, che <lb/>ſi pongono dopo le colonne tonde, preſupponendo, che quelle, che ſono a baſ-<lb/>ſo, ſieno ſciolte, e dopo loro ſien collocate le colonne quadre, alle quali cor-<lb/>riſpondono le colonne quadre dell’ultimo Ordine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1968" xml:space="preserve">Il terzo capo ſarà il formare <lb/>gli ornamenti delle fabbriche, mutando talora i luoghi, e gli Ordini dell’Ar-<lb/>chitettura, collocando prima l’Ordine Compoſito, di poi l’Jonico; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1969" xml:space="preserve">o prima il <lb/>Corintio, e di poi il Dorico, il che è un errore, che toglie la bellezza, e l’ar-<lb/>monia degli edifizj: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1970" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè gli Ordini fra loro ſi corriſpondono con una <lb/>certa proporzione armonica ſeſquialtera, come ſi vede eſpreſſamente nelle colon-<lb/>ne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1971" xml:space="preserve">concioffiachè la colonna Toſcana contenga ſei groſſezze, la Dorica ſette, <lb/>la Jonica otto, la Corintia nove, la Compoſita dieci: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1972" xml:space="preserve">e nei piediſtalli ſi trova <lb/>la proporzione dupla, la ſesquialtera, e la biparziente due terzi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1973" xml:space="preserve">Che nel piedi-<lb/>ſtallo Toſcano è la proporzione d’un quadrato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1974" xml:space="preserve">nel Dorico la ſeſquialtera prefa <lb/>dall’ aumento del quadrato tratto dal movimento del diametro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1975" xml:space="preserve">nell’Jonico è la <lb/>proporzione dupla, poichè vi è il quadrato, che è il doppio della giunta, che è <lb/>la metà di eſſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1976" xml:space="preserve">e riſpetto al Toſcano vi è la proporzione ſeſquialtera, che è <lb/>un quadrato, e la metà più: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1977" xml:space="preserve">nel Corintio è la biparziente i due terzi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1978" xml:space="preserve">poichè, <lb/>oltre al quadrato, vi ſono i due terzi del quadrato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1979" xml:space="preserve">nel Compoſito finalmente <lb/>ſi trova la proporzione dupla, poichè contiene due quadrati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1980" xml:space="preserve">Il quarto capo ſi <lb/>vede, quando ſi pongono le membra fuori del luogo loro, diſtribuendo con-<lb/>fuſamente i loro ufizj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1981" xml:space="preserve">Errore veramente notabile, il quale dà chiariſſimo in-<lb/>dizio di mancamento d’intelligenza, e di giudizio, come, quando ſi pone l’ar-<lb/>chitrave in vece del fregio, e il fregio in luogo dell’architrave, ed altro mem-<lb/>bro in luogo d’ambedue. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1982" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſi riguardi, che non è errore, quando ſi pone la <lb/>cornice ſopra l’architrave, purchè ne ſia cagione il ſito; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1983" xml:space="preserve">e allora ſi potrà forſe <lb/>dire, che l’architrave faccia uſizio d’Architrave, e di fregio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1984" xml:space="preserve">Il quinto capo è <lb/>un licenzioſo, e barbaro errore, come negli ornamenti delle porte il collocare <lb/>pure quadrature di pietre ſopra le colonne, in luogo d’architrave, e di fregio: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1985" xml:space="preserve">e adattare le gocciole uſate nell’ Ordine Dorico, ſott’ eſſe, e ſopra il capitello <lb/>delle colonne, in vece di collocarle ſotto il regolo dell’ architrave, e ſotto i tri-<lb/>glifi, e far l’arco di tutto ſeſto, ma finto, nel luogo del fregio, e dell’ Archi-<lb/>trave, e coll’impoſta nel vivo, e nel piombo delle colonne, in vece di farla <lb/>ſopra il ſodo dell’Ante, e degli Stipiti della porta, la quale col fuo vano è ter-<lb/>minata da un arco, che non è, nè tondo, nè ovato, nè piano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1986" xml:space="preserve">ed oltre al fare <lb/>un fronteſpizio rotto, o un fronteſpizio ſopra l’altro, che è un peccato di ſpro-<lb/>porzionata ſuperfluità, terminando con un gocciolatojo poſto ſopra la cimaſa <lb/>della cornice, oitre al non eſſer formato a perpendicolo, ſecondo una certa, <lb/>benchè falſa, opinione, che ſia così ſtato uſato dagli Antichi, la quale proce-<lb/>de dal non intendere la proſpettiva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1987" xml:space="preserve">Il detto gocciolatojo è ſuperfluo, eſſendo-<lb/>vi il gocciolatojo della cornice, il quale è a baſtanza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1988" xml:space="preserve">E tutti queſti errori, <lb/>per non parlare degli altri, che ſon degni di conſiderazione, da ciaſcuno ſi po-<lb/>tranno vedere, che ſia intendente, giudizioſo, e non troppo affezionato alla co-<lb/>mune opinione, e che oſſervi in Roma gli ornamenti della Porta Pia fatta fare <lb/>da Pio IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1989" xml:space="preserve">Il ſefto capo, ed è forſe il peggiore, ſi è il porre i vani ſotto il peſo <lb/>dei corpi gravi, far riſaltare in fuori le membra ſopra le linee a piombo, in ve-<lb/>ce di collocarvi ſotto modiglioni, o menſole, o cornici, o colonne, o pilaſtri, <lb/>o altro, che poſſa ſoſtentare il peſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1990" xml:space="preserve">Il che non conviene all’opere di pietra, ma <lb/>piuttoſto a quelle di legname, o di ſtucco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1991" xml:space="preserve">Il ſettimo, e ultimo capo è il rom-<lb/>pere le cornici, i capitelli, e l’altre membra, ſenza meſcolare l’Ordine con l’ope- <pb o="59" file="0075" n="75" rhead="PARTE SECONDA."/> ra ruſtica, ponendo nelle rotture varietà di forme di corpi, ſecondo il capriccio <lb/>di coloro, che penſano arricchire gli ornamenti con tali varietà non convene-<lb/>voli alla ſodezza, e alla dignità dell’opere, ciò facendo indifferentemente, e in <lb/>ogni luogo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1992" xml:space="preserve">E queſti non ſanno, che ſolamente gli ornamenti di qualunque or-<lb/>dine ſi ſogliono rompere con l’ opera ruſtica, la qual ſola è quella, che ha tal pri-<lb/>vilegio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1993" xml:space="preserve">E queſto ſi fa ſolamente nelle facciate dei palazzi, nelle porte delle caſe, <lb/>de’giardini, delle Fortezze, e delle Città, e non nelle fronti, e nelle porte delle <lb/>Chieſe, e d’altri luoghi ſagri, nè negli ornamenti degli Altari, e delle Cappelle, <lb/>Queſti tali rompimenti ſi pongono in luogo della continuazione convenevole, <lb/>e neceſſaria ai corpi degli ornamenti delle fabbriche, i quali, oltre al diſunir <lb/>l’opera, diſturbano, e interrompono la corriſpondenza, e l’uniformità delle for-<lb/>me degli ornamenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1994" xml:space="preserve">e rimuovono le opere dalla buona ragione d’Architettura. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1995" xml:space="preserve">riducendole alla maniera barbara. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1996" xml:space="preserve">Coſtume biaſimevoliſſimo, e dannoſo, intro-<lb/>dotto dai Muratori, dagli Stuccatori, dai Maeſtri di legname, e dai Pittori, la <lb/>mente dei quali non è di conſervare la buona Architettura antica, ma di ſe-<lb/>guitare i penſieri loro, non fondati in altro, che nella bizzarria dei loro capriccj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1997" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>E queſto baſti per fine di queſto Capitolo, e per ſigillo di queſta ſeconda Parte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s1998" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0075-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0075-01"/> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div36" type="section" level="1" n="36"> <head xml:id="echoid-head43" xml:space="preserve">PARTE TERZA.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head44" xml:space="preserve">CAPO I. <lb/>Degli errori, che ſi ſcuoprono, poichè è ſtato fabbricato.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s1999" xml:space="preserve">SIccome il fine della Scienza della Medicina è il ricovramento della ſanità <lb/>dei corpi infermi, e il conſervamento della ſanità riacquiſtata; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2000" xml:space="preserve">così il fine <lb/>dell’ Architettura ſono le fabbriche, le quali ſi fanno a benefizio umano, e il <lb/>conſervamento di eſſe, acciocchè fatte perpetue poſſano ſempre uſarſi dagli uo-<lb/>mini, o per la pietà, o per la difeſa delle vite loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2001" xml:space="preserve">E però al buono Archi-<lb/>tetto non baſta l’aver fatto a perfezione i diſegni, e i modelli delle fabbriche <lb/>di qualſivoglia ragione, ed aver procurato con grandiſſima diligenza, che ſieno <lb/>condotte al fine loro, ſenza errori, ma è neceſſario, fatta qualunque opera, <lb/>porre grandiſſima cura nel conſervamento di eſſa, tenendo lontani tutti quelli <lb/>accidenti, e tutti quelli errori, che poſſon eſſer cagione di guaſtamento, e di rovina. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2002" xml:space="preserve">Che, ſiccome l’Architetto eterno del maggiore, e del minor Mondo, toſto che formò <lb/>l’uno, e l’altro, e toſto che produſſe qualſivoglia coſa, non l’abbandonò, ma ſem-<lb/>pre le fu aſſiſtente, la difeſe, e la conſervò, ſiccome ancora continuamente coſtuma <lb/>di fare: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2003" xml:space="preserve">così l’Architetto temporale non dee, toſto che è finito qualunque edi-<lb/>fizio, abbandonarlo, ma biſogna, che gli ſtia intorno con diligente cura, per <lb/>conſervarlo, Ciò molto bene intendendo gli Antichi Romani, che furono ſem-<lb/>pre la norma del viver politico a tutte le Nazioni del Mondo, avevano, come <lb/>già ſi è detto, i Redentori, l’ufizio dei quali era d’approvare tutte le opere dei <lb/>fabbricatori, ſiccome ſi comprende dalle Iſcrizioni Antiche, e ſpezialmente dal-<lb/>le appreſſo eſpoſte, tratte dalle memorie Antiche del ſoprallodato Cittadini.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2004" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div37" type="section" level="1" n="37"> <head xml:id="echoid-head45" xml:space="preserve">A Fondi ſopra la porta verſo Settentrione.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2005" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2006" xml:space="preserve">NVMISTRONIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2007" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2008" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2009" xml:space="preserve">DECIAN.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2010" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2011" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2012" xml:space="preserve">LVCIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2013" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2014" xml:space="preserve">F.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2015" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2016" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2017" xml:space="preserve">FVNTIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2018" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2019" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2020" xml:space="preserve">MESS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2021" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2022" xml:space="preserve">AEDILES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2023" xml:space="preserve">PORTAS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2024" xml:space="preserve">TVRREIS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2025" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2026" xml:space="preserve">MVRVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2027" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2028" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2029" xml:space="preserve">C.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2030" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2031" xml:space="preserve">FACIVND. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2032" xml:space="preserve">CVRARVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2033" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2034" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQ. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2035" xml:space="preserve">PROBARVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2036" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="60" file="0076" n="76" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div38" type="section" level="1" n="38"> <head xml:id="echoid-head46" xml:space="preserve">E queſt’altra è nel ponte detto ora di guara capra.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2037" xml:space="preserve">L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2038" xml:space="preserve">FABRICIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2039" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2040" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2041" xml:space="preserve">CVR.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2042" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2043" xml:space="preserve">VIAR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2044" xml:space="preserve">FACIVNDVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2045" xml:space="preserve">CVRAVIT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2046" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2047" xml:space="preserve">IDEMQ. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2048" xml:space="preserve">PROBAVIT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2049" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2050" xml:space="preserve">L’altro era l’ufizio dei Curatori, come quello, che teneva cura delle ripe, <lb/>e del letto del Tevere, che erano murate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2051" xml:space="preserve">Queſti Curatori oſſervavano conti-<lb/>nuamente, ſe nelle ripe vi era biſogno alcuno di riſtoramento, e avevano cu-<lb/>ra, che il fiume ſteſſe netto, per cagione delle inondazioni, come ſi vede nel-<lb/>le Iſcrizioni antiche, e particolarmente in queſte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2052" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div39" type="section" level="1" n="39"> <head xml:id="echoid-head47" xml:space="preserve">Preſſo Porta Sant’Agneſe.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2053" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2054" xml:space="preserve">AVTORITATE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2055" xml:space="preserve">IMP.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2056" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2057" xml:space="preserve">CAES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2058" xml:space="preserve">VESPASIANI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2059" xml:space="preserve">AVG.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2060" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2061" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2062" xml:space="preserve">M. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2063" xml:space="preserve">TIB. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2064" xml:space="preserve">POT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2065" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="ol">IIII</emph>. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2066" xml:space="preserve">IMP. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2067" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="ol">X</emph><unsure/>. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2068" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2069" xml:space="preserve">P.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2070" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2071" xml:space="preserve">COS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2072" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="ol">IIII</emph>. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2073" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="ol">V</emph><unsure/>. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2074" xml:space="preserve">CENSOR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2075" xml:space="preserve">CAIVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2076" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2077" xml:space="preserve">CALPETANVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2078" xml:space="preserve">RANTIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2079" xml:space="preserve">QVIRINALIS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2080" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2081" xml:space="preserve">VALERIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2082" xml:space="preserve">CESTIVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2083" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2084" xml:space="preserve">CVRATOR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2085" xml:space="preserve">RIPARVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2086" xml:space="preserve">ET.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2087" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2088" xml:space="preserve">ALVEI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2089" xml:space="preserve">TIBERIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2090" xml:space="preserve">TERMIN.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2091" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2092" xml:space="preserve">R. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2093" xml:space="preserve">R. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2094" xml:space="preserve">PROX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2095" xml:space="preserve">CIPP. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2096" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2097" xml:space="preserve">CLXXIIII.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2098" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div40" type="section" level="1" n="40"> <head xml:id="echoid-head48" xml:space="preserve">A Ripa preſſo l’Arſenale attacco di Roma.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2099" xml:space="preserve">D.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2100" xml:space="preserve">D. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2101" xml:space="preserve">N.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2102" xml:space="preserve">N PROVIDENTISSIMI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2103" xml:space="preserve">IMPP.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2104" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2105" xml:space="preserve">DIOCLETIANVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2106" xml:space="preserve">ET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2107" xml:space="preserve">MAXIMIANVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2108" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2109" xml:space="preserve">INVICTI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2110" xml:space="preserve">AVGVSTI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2111" xml:space="preserve">RIPAM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2112" xml:space="preserve">PER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2113" xml:space="preserve">SERIEM.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2114" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2115" xml:space="preserve">TEMPORVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2116" xml:space="preserve">CONLAPSAM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2117" xml:space="preserve">AD. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2118" xml:space="preserve">PRISTINVM.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2119" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2120" xml:space="preserve">STATVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2121" xml:space="preserve">RESTITVERVNT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2122" xml:space="preserve">PER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2123" xml:space="preserve">PEES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2124" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2125" xml:space="preserve">X.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2126" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2127" xml:space="preserve">CVRANTE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2128" xml:space="preserve">MANLIO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2129" xml:space="preserve">ACILIO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2130" xml:space="preserve">BALBO.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2131" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2132" xml:space="preserve">SABINO. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2133" xml:space="preserve">V.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2134" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2135" xml:space="preserve">CVRAT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2136" xml:space="preserve">ALVEI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2137" xml:space="preserve">TIBERIS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2138" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2139" xml:space="preserve">RIPARVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2140" xml:space="preserve">ET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2141" xml:space="preserve">CLOACARVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2142" xml:space="preserve">SACRAE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2143" xml:space="preserve">VRBIS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2144" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div41" type="section" level="1" n="41"> <head xml:id="echoid-head49" xml:space="preserve">Fra la Longara, e il Tevere.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2145" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2146" xml:space="preserve">MARCIVS L. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2147" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2148" xml:space="preserve">CENSORINVS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2149" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2150" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2151" xml:space="preserve">ASINIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2152" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2153" xml:space="preserve">F. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2154" xml:space="preserve">GALLVS. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2155" xml:space="preserve">COS.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2156" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2157" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2158" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2159" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2160" xml:space="preserve">TERMIN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2161" xml:space="preserve">R. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2162" xml:space="preserve">R. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2163" xml:space="preserve">PROX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2164" xml:space="preserve">CIPP. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2165" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2166" xml:space="preserve">XX.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2167" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2168" xml:space="preserve">CVRATORES. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2169" xml:space="preserve">RIPARVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2170" xml:space="preserve">QVI PRIMI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2171" xml:space="preserve">TERMINA-<lb/>VER. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2172" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2173" xml:space="preserve">S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2174" xml:space="preserve">C. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2175" xml:space="preserve">RESTITVERVNT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2176" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div42" type="section" level="1" n="42"> <head xml:id="echoid-head50" xml:space="preserve">Sulla Riva del Tevere accanto alla Chieſa di Sant’Jacopo della Longara.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2177" xml:space="preserve">EX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2178" xml:space="preserve">AVCTORITATE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2179" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2180" xml:space="preserve">IMP. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2181" xml:space="preserve">CAESARIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2182" xml:space="preserve">DIVI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2183" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2184" xml:space="preserve">NERVAE. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2185" xml:space="preserve">FIL. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2186" xml:space="preserve">NERVAE.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2187" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2188" xml:space="preserve">TRAIANI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2189" xml:space="preserve">AVG. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2190" xml:space="preserve">GERMANICI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2191" xml:space="preserve">PONT.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2192" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2193" xml:space="preserve">MAX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2194" xml:space="preserve">TRIB. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2195" xml:space="preserve">POTEST. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2196" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="ol">V</emph>. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2197" xml:space="preserve">COS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2198" xml:space="preserve"><emph style="ol">IIII</emph>. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2199" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2200" xml:space="preserve">P.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2201" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2202" xml:space="preserve">TITVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2203" xml:space="preserve">IVLIVS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2204" xml:space="preserve">FEROX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2205" xml:space="preserve">CVRATOR. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2206" xml:space="preserve">ALVEI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2207" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2208" xml:space="preserve">ET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2209" xml:space="preserve">RIPARVM. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2210" xml:space="preserve">TIBERIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2211" xml:space="preserve">ET. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2212" xml:space="preserve">CLOACAR.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2213" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2214" xml:space="preserve">VRBIS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2215" xml:space="preserve">TERMINAVIT. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2216" xml:space="preserve">RIPAM.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2217" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2218" xml:space="preserve">R. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2219" xml:space="preserve">R. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2220" xml:space="preserve">AD. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2221" xml:space="preserve">PROX. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2222" xml:space="preserve">CIPP. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2223" xml:space="preserve">P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2224" xml:space="preserve">LIII.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2225" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="61" file="0077" n="77" rhead="PARTE TERZA."/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2226" xml:space="preserve">Queſto provvedimento fu ſempre appreſſo gli Antichi di molta utilità, poichè <lb/>per mezzo di eſſo ſi facevano le fabbriche di grandiſſima perſezione, ſiccome ſi co-<lb/>noſce nelle reliquie degli edificj antichi, che ſi ſono conſervate fino al tempo no-<lb/>ſtro, e trapaſſeranno forſe anche più oltre. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2227" xml:space="preserve">Il qual ordine, per mio avviſo, <lb/>dovrebbe eſſere imitato dai moderni, e ſpecialmente dai Principi, i quali po-<lb/>trebbero tenere gli Architetti non ſolo mentre dura la fabbrica, e avanti che ſi <lb/>fabbrichi, ma ancora dopo che la fabbrica è finita, non facendo, come ſi ſuol <lb/>fare, cioè, ſervendoſene mentre ſi mura, o avanti che ſi dia principio a mu-<lb/>rare, e finito il muramento, licenziar l’Architetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2228" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè è coſa non <lb/>ſolamente utile, ma anche neceſſaria, che gli Architetti aſſiſtano con grandiſ-<lb/>ſima diligenza intorno ai Templi, ai Palazzi, alle Fortezze, alle Città, per <lb/>cagione dei varj errori, e accidenti, che poſſono accadere, ed oſſervino conti-<lb/>nuamente i biſogni dei riſtoramenti, o dei ripari, affinchè con poca ſpeſa ſi tolga <lb/>ogni pericolo di rovina, e che non s’abbia con grandiſſimo danno, e con trava-<lb/>glio a ridurſi alla molta ſpeſa, ſiccome ſi ricerca a chiunque è ſolito di gover-<lb/>narſi nelle coſe ſue con buono accorgimento, e con molta prudenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2229" xml:space="preserve">Nè ciò ſi <lb/>dee riputar coſa vana; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2230" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè non ſono di minore importanza gli errori, <lb/>che accadono finite le fabbriche, di quelli che ſi commettono avanti al fabbri-<lb/>care, e mentre ſi fabbrica: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2231" xml:space="preserve">poichè, ſe quelli riſguardano alla perfezione dell’ <lb/>opera, queſti hanno riguardo al mantenimento, alla perpetui tà, e all’ uſo di eſ-<lb/>ſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2232" xml:space="preserve">poichè quando per qualche difetto le Fabbriche non ſi poſſono uſare, elle <lb/>ſono del tutto vane, eſſendo prive del fine loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2233" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando per qualche erro-<lb/>re elle non ſono durevoli, ſi perde l’uſo, e la ſpeſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2234" xml:space="preserve">Onde altri è forzato a tor-<lb/>nare a ſpendere di nuovo, o per riſtorare, o per fortificare le muraglie, o per <lb/>riedificare dai fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2235" xml:space="preserve">Il che è grandiſſimo danno, e travaglio d’animo in-<lb/>ſopportabile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2236" xml:space="preserve">Acciocchè adunque gli Architetti, e i padroni delle fabbriche ſi <lb/>poſſano guardare da tali errori, in queſta Terza, e ultima Parte c’ingegneremo <lb/>di dar loro a conoſcere i medeſimi con quella brevità, e con quella chiarezza, <lb/>che ci ſarà poſſibile.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2237" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div43" type="section" level="1" n="43"> <head xml:id="echoid-head51" xml:space="preserve">CAPO II. <lb/>Degli Errori, che avvengono nei coprimenti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2238" xml:space="preserve">IL fine di tutti gli edificj ſono i coprimenti, e però gli errori, che ſi fanno in <lb/>eſſi, ſono errori nel fine, che non ſono di minore importanza di quelli <lb/>commeſſi nel principio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2239" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè ſono nell’ ultima perfezione di qualſivoglia <lb/>muraglia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2240" xml:space="preserve">poichè non ſi può mai giudicare perfetta l’opera, benchè condotta <lb/>alla debita altezza, eſſendo adornata in fronte, ne’fianchi, e nelle ſpalle, di <lb/>tutti quelli abbellimenti, che ſe le richieggono, non avendo il convenevole cuo-<lb/>primento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2241" xml:space="preserve">nè queſto può ſigillare, e concludere tutta la perfezione della fabbri-<lb/>ca, quando ella ha qualche difetto, il quale non ſolo cagioni deformità nell’ <lb/>opera, ma le ſia di grandiſſimo danno; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2242" xml:space="preserve">poichè il buon coprimento è cagione, <lb/>che ogni edificio ſi conſervi perpetuamente, dove per lo contrario il cattivo è <lb/>cagione di certiſſima rovina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2243" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè le male coperture non difendono be-<lb/>ne le muraglie laſciandole in parte ſcoperte, onde ſi putrefanno le materie, ſi <lb/>pelano le mura, s’aprono le facciate, e tutta la muraglia a poco a poco rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2244" xml:space="preserve">Ma <lb/>le buone coperture fortificano i fondamenti, e mantengono le mura in piedi. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2245" xml:space="preserve">E queſte ſon quelle, che non hanno difetto alcuno, e le ree ſon quelle, che <lb/>ſon piene di molti difetti, nati dagli errori degli Artefici, e degli Architetti, <lb/>dei quali intendiamo ragionare in queſto Capitolo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2246" xml:space="preserve">Ma prima di darvi principio, <lb/>biſogna eſaminar le ſpecie dei cuoprimenti, e quindi le materie di eſſi, e dimo-<lb/>ſtrare in ciò, che conſiſtano gli errori, che appartengono a loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2247" xml:space="preserve">Adunque pri-<lb/>ma di tutto diciamo, che dei cuoprimenti alcuni ſono al coperto, altri allo ſco-<lb/>perto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2248" xml:space="preserve">Quei, che ſono allo ſcoperto, ſon quelli, ſopra i quali, per lo più, non <lb/>ſi può camminare, e ſono eſpoſte alle pioggie, alle nevi, alle grandini, ai diac-<lb/>ciati, e all’ardore del Sole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2249" xml:space="preserve">Quando queſti cuoprimenti ſi fanno ſolamente per <pb o="62" file="0078" n="78" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> difendere la fabbrica dalla pioggia, e dalle altre ingiurie eſterne, che gli poſſo-<lb/>no cader ſopra, poſſono ricevere qualche difetto, quando ſi erra circa le materie, <lb/>le quali, o ſono legnami, o tegole, o docce, ovvero, come ſi dice a Roma, coppi, <lb/>dai Latini detti embrici; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2250" xml:space="preserve">o laſtre di pietre di Genova, dette lavagne, o lamine <lb/>di bronzo, o di piombo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2251" xml:space="preserve">Si erra nella ſcelta de’legnami, quando ſi prendono le <lb/>travi, gli arcali, o cavalli troppo gravi, o troppo ſottili, o non atti a reſiſtere <lb/>all’umidità, o tagliati in mal punto, o mal conſervati; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2252" xml:space="preserve">e così anche ſi dee dire <lb/>delle tavole, dei correnti, delle molle, e di tutti i legnami, che ſi adoprano nel-<lb/>le armadure de’tetti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2253" xml:space="preserve">Si fa errore, quando ſi prendono tegole, o docce mal cot-<lb/>te, troppo ſottili, mal formate, non uniformi, nè fatte con giuſta miſura; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2254" xml:space="preserve">poichè non poſſono reſiſtere alle continue piogge, alle nevi, ai diacciati, e all’ <lb/>abbrugiamento del Sole; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2255" xml:space="preserve">o non ſi poſſono ben porre inſieme, e collegare, <lb/>onde preſto ſi rompono, e ſi riducono in minute ſcaglie, o non ricuoprono bene, <lb/>o non danno buono ſcolo all’ acqua, che piove; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2256" xml:space="preserve">e ſe non vi ſi pone diligente <lb/>cura, rivedendo ſpeſſo i tetti, i legnami ſi marciſcono per le piogge, e l’umido <lb/>penetra nelle mura, ne’palchi, nelle volte, e tutta la fabbrica ſi diſpone alla ro-<lb/>vina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2257" xml:space="preserve">Nell’uſar le pietre di Genova ſiamo ſicuri di non errare, quando però ſi <lb/>prendano le laſtre di conveniente grandezza, nè troppo ſottili, acciocchè nel con-<lb/>giungerle non ſi rompano: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2258" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſi ſogliono fermare, elegare con chiodi ſopra <lb/>le tavole; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2259" xml:space="preserve">nè troppo groſſe, affinchè non aggravino ſoverchio il cuoprimento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2260" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Però io giudicherei, che i cuoprimenti fatti di queſte pietre fuſſero i migliori di <lb/>tutti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2261" xml:space="preserve">Ma chi voleſſe pure nei cuoprimenti dei tetti uſare le tegole di terra cot-<lb/>ta, potrebbe imitare gli Antichi, che formavano le tegole congiunte colle doc-<lb/>ce, cioè la tegola, e la doccia tutta d’un pezzo, acciocchè in tal maniera ſi <lb/>leghino bene infieme. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2262" xml:space="preserve">E la forma di queſte tegole è ſiccome ſi vede quì ap-<lb/>preſſo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2263" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0078-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0078-01"/> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2264" xml:space="preserve">Quando la ſpeſa non foſſe troppo grave, meglio ſarebbe il fare i cuoprimen-<lb/>ti con tegole di bronzo, le quali farebbero reſiſtenza a tutte le ingiurie del <lb/>tempo, benchè ſottopoſte alquanto alla ruggine, che finalmente le conſume-<lb/>rebbe, ſebbene quelle, che ſono ſopra i Templi uſati di Roma, durino ancor <lb/>ſenza aver ricevuto molto detrimento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2265" xml:space="preserve">al che ſi potrebbe rimediare, ſtagnan-<lb/>dole, ovvero, ſecondo il coſtume antico, indorandole; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2266" xml:space="preserve">e quando pur ciò non <lb/>ſi faceſſe, ci baſterebbe, che fuſſero di più lunga durata di tutte l’altre. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2267" xml:space="preserve">Di <lb/>queſta maniera di tegole erano quelle dei Templi antichi, e ſpecialmente quel-<lb/>le del Tempio di Giove Capitolino, dove erano le to<unsure/>gole di bronzo indorate, <lb/>con le quali poi per ordine di Papa Florio (ſiccome racconta Bernardo Ga-<lb/>mucci nel primo Libro dell’Antichità di Roma) fu ricoperta la Chieſa di San <lb/>Pietro, le quali in diverſi tempi ſono ſtate levate con occaſione della nuova <lb/>fabbrica di detta Chieſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2268" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe prendiamo lamine di piombo, che ſi uſano <lb/>ancor oggi, come in Siena nel tetto della Cattedrale, le quali non ſono tanto <lb/>durevoli, quanto quelle di bronzo, o di rame, per cagione della ceruſſa, che <lb/>vi s’impone, e le conſuma; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2269" xml:space="preserve">e per la molta impoſitura di eſſa ſi fanno più <lb/>gravi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2270" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente potremmo errare, o facendole troppo ſottili, per moderar la <lb/>ſpeſa, perchè in tal modo ſon più durevoli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2271" xml:space="preserve">poichè si logorano preſto, e si <lb/>ſollevano dai venti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2272" xml:space="preserve">o conficcandole male ſopra il tavolato del cuoprimento, <lb/>mentre quando ſono mal confitte, ſono ſollevate dai venti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2273" xml:space="preserve">onde il cuopri-<lb/>mento reſta in parte ſcoperto, e vi penetra l’acqua delle piogge, la quale in <lb/>breve ſpazio di tempo infracida i legnami. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2274" xml:space="preserve">Ma i cuoprimenti, che non ſolo <pb o="63" file="0079" n="79" rhead="PARTE TERZA."/> ſon fatti per difeſa degli edificj, e degli abitatori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2275" xml:space="preserve">ma anche per comodità di <lb/>camminarvi ſopra per qualche fine utile a chi v’abita, ſon quelli, che ſi fan-<lb/>no con calceſtruzzi, cioè con calcina con ghiaja di fiume, e all’uſo di Napo-<lb/>li con calcina, con rapillo, cioè lapillo, che ſono minutiſſime pietruzze, che <lb/>ſi trovano nei cavamenti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2276" xml:space="preserve">o con piccioli frammenti di vaſi di terra cotta, co-<lb/>me ſono quei, che ſi trovano in Roma in Monte Teſtaccio, rotti, ben peſti <lb/>colla calcina, e ridotti in forma di ſmalto ben battuto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2277" xml:space="preserve">Queſti si uſano co-<lb/>munemente in Napoli, in Venezia, e altrove, e ſon detti laſtrichi, e ſi uſa-<lb/>no nel cuoprire i Palazzi, e le Caſe, e ſi fanno groſſi almeno un ſeſto di brac-<lb/>cio, e ſopra legnami di caſtagno; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2278" xml:space="preserve">benchè altrove anche ſi facciano ſopra le <lb/>volte, che è l’uſo migliore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2279" xml:space="preserve">Gli errori, che poſſono accadere nel fare queſti <lb/>cuoprimenti, ſono di tre maniere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2280" xml:space="preserve">La prima, quando ſon mal battuti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2281" xml:space="preserve">la ſe-<lb/>conda, quando si fanno ſopra legnami non ben ſecchi, nè ſchietti, nè ſani; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2282" xml:space="preserve">e benchè ſieno di caſtagno, che per natura può reſiſtere all’umidità; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2283" xml:space="preserve">nondi-<lb/>meno aggravati lungo tempo dal calceſtruzzo, ſi piegano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2284" xml:space="preserve">ſicchè il cuoprimen-<lb/>to ſi apre; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2285" xml:space="preserve">e ciò maggiormente accade, quando i legnami non ſono ben ſec-<lb/>chi, e ſtagionati, e per l’aperture penetrano l’acque delle piogge, ſiccome si <lb/>vede in Napoli, dove gli abitatori ſon forzati a ſtuccare le aperture con pece <lb/>da nave. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2286" xml:space="preserve">Il che è cagione, che l’uſanza de’laſtrichi in buona parte si diſmet-<lb/>ta, ed in vece di eſſi faccianſi i tetti con docce. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2287" xml:space="preserve">La terza, quando ſi fanno in <lb/>luoghi ſottopoſti ai diacciati, ed eſpoſti a Tramontana; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2288" xml:space="preserve">poichè i diacciati del-<lb/>l’Invernata, il freddo di Tramontana, e la qualità de’luoghi di Montagna, <lb/>ſono il diſtruggimento dei calceſtruzzi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2289" xml:space="preserve">Concioſſiachè in detti luoghi si facciano <lb/>congelamenti di nevi, e d’acque, che non ſolo ſcroſtano e aprono le mura-<lb/>glie, ma anche i calceſtruzzl. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2290" xml:space="preserve">E queſti allora ſi poſſono uſare, ſenza fare <lb/>errore, e ſenza pericolo alcuno in luoghi temperati, o caldi, o quando ſi fa lo-<lb/>ro ſotto la volta, come ſono quei del Palazzo del Vaticano, e del Tempio di <lb/>S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2291" xml:space="preserve">Pietro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2292" xml:space="preserve">Ma ciò non si può fare ſenza grande ſpeſa, richiedendo maggior <lb/>groſſezza di muraglie, di quella che si ſuole comunemente uſare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2293" xml:space="preserve">I cuoprimen-<lb/>ti, i quali si fanno al coperto, ſono le impalcature, i lacunarj, o ſoffitte, e <lb/>le volte, le quali congiunte con le parti delle muraglie, che le reggono, e le <lb/>fiancheggiano, e poſte infra il tetto, e i fondamenti, dimoſtrano quaſi un edi-<lb/>ficio ſopra un altro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2294" xml:space="preserve">Queſti cuoprimenti coperti nella ſteſſa opera, ſono palchi, <lb/>laqueari, e volte, che riſpetto alle parti di ſotto si dicono cuoprimenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2295" xml:space="preserve">e ſo-<lb/>no pavimenti, ſpazj, ſolari, e ſmalti, riſpetto alle membra di ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2296" xml:space="preserve">E tutti <lb/>ſon ſottopoſti a diverſi difetti, per cagione degli errori, che poſſono ſuccedere <lb/>nella fabbrica loro, e ſpecialmente in quanto alla materia, cioè, quando si u-<lb/>ſano legnami frangibili, pieghevoli, facili a corromperſi, ſottili, verdi, taglia-<lb/>ti a cattiva Luna, e mal conſervati: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2297" xml:space="preserve">e in iſpecialità, quando ſi fanno palchi <lb/>alla Napoletana, cioè, con laſtrico, ovvero con calceſtruzzo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2298" xml:space="preserve">e quando si fan-<lb/>no alla Romana, tutti con tavolati, i quali, oltre che hanno a ricevere il peſo <lb/>dei mattoni, dei quali forma lo ſpino, debbono ancora ſoſtenere il peſo della <lb/>terra, che vi si mette per porre in piano i pavimenti di mattoni, di mezza-<lb/>ne, o di ſmalti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2299" xml:space="preserve">ſono anche ſottopoſti al pericolo del fuoco; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2300" xml:space="preserve">onde il fare ſi-<lb/>mili impalcamenti, benchè ſieno di buona materia, nondimeno è grandiſſimo <lb/>errore, eſſendo ſottopoſti all’ingiuria del fuoco; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2301" xml:space="preserve">e però è molto meglio ſeguir <lb/>l’uſanza dei palchi, che ſi fanno in Siena, e nel ſuo contorno, cioè con mi-<lb/>nor quantità di legname, ma con mattoni di mezzo braccio, o di cinque ot-<lb/>tavi di braccio (che un braccio Saneſe, il quale corriſponde a due piedi Romani an-<lb/>tichi, è compartito in otto parti, cioè in otto groſſezze di mattone, ciaſcuna <lb/>delle quali è un ottavo) e ſopra con mezzane murate inſieme in piano, in <lb/>forma di ſpina di peſce. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2302" xml:space="preserve">Ma in Roma, quando ſi ritrovaſſero le cave antiche <lb/>della creta, si potrebbe tornare a formare tutte le ſpecie de’ mattoni dimoſtra-<lb/>te da Vitruvio, e formarne altre nuove, infra le quali anche ſarebbero quelle, <lb/>che ſarebbero buone per far palchi alla noſtra uſanza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2303" xml:space="preserve">e così si tralaſcerebbero <lb/>gl’ intavolati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2304" xml:space="preserve">E quando pur ciò non si faceſſe, non v’eſſendo comodità di ta-<lb/>li mattoni, non ſarebbe forſe diſdicevole il condurne da luoghi più vicini, do- <pb o="64" file="0080" n="80" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> ve si facciano: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2305" xml:space="preserve">e ciò, che ſi dice di Roma, si può intendere anche delle al-<lb/>tre Città, dove ſi uſa lo ſtile medeſimo nel fabbricare i palchi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2306" xml:space="preserve">Ma dove si <lb/>trova buona creta da fargli, è bene, che vi ſi fabbrichino le fornaci, per far-<lb/>vi ogni ſpecie di mattoni, ſiccome ſi facevano anticamente in Roma, dove e-<lb/>rano molte fornaci di mattoni d’ogni maniera, e a tutta perfezione, ſiccome <lb/>ne fanno fede gli acquedotti, e gli altri edifizj antichi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2307" xml:space="preserve">E ſe piaceſſe, che, <lb/>trovate le cave antiche della creta, di eſſa si faceſſero tutte le ſpecie de’mat-<lb/>toni buoni per le muraglie, per le volte, e pe’palchi, si potrebbero prendere <lb/>le miſure di quelli delle fornaci di Siena, che prendono l’origine dal piede Ro-<lb/>mano antico, che è di lunghezza un mezzo braccio, e corriſponde al detto <lb/>piede. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2308" xml:space="preserve">I quali mattoni ſono diverſi di ſpecie, ſecondo la diverſità delle gran-<lb/>dezze loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2309" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè i mattoni, che si uſano in Siena, ſono di ſette ma-<lb/>niere: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2310" xml:space="preserve">la prima, che è detta mattone in lunghezza, è mezzo braccio in lar-<lb/>ghezza, o (come dicono) nella teſta è un quarto di braccio, e in groſſezza <lb/>un ottavo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2311" xml:space="preserve">La ſeconda è la mezzana in lunghezza, e in larghezza uguale al <lb/>mattone, ma in groſſezza è la metà d’un ottavo, e però ſi appella mezzana. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2312" xml:space="preserve">La terza ha la medeſima lunghezza, e larghezza, ma è groſſa la terza parte <lb/>d’un ottavo, cioè un’oncia di braccio (che il braccio noſtro è compartito in <lb/>24. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2313" xml:space="preserve">once), e si dice pianella. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2314" xml:space="preserve">La quarta è lunga un mezzo braccio, larga un <lb/>ſeſto, e groſſa un ottavo, ed ha nome quadruccio, poichè la ſua larghezza è <lb/>una quarta parte di braccio, e comprende due ottavi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2315" xml:space="preserve">La quinta è lunga cin-<lb/>que ottavi, larga un quarto, groſſa un ottavo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2316" xml:space="preserve">e però ſi dice mattone di cin-<lb/>que ottavi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2317" xml:space="preserve">La ſeſta è di lunghezza ſette ottavi, cioè, un ottavo meno d’un <lb/>braccio, di larghezza un quarto, e di groſſezza, o d’altezza un ottavo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2318" xml:space="preserve">ed è <lb/>detto mattone di ſette ottavi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2319" xml:space="preserve">Per palchi ſi uſano i mattoni di mezzo braccio, <lb/>e di cinque ottavi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2320" xml:space="preserve">La ſettima ſono i quadroni, che ſono maggiori di tutti, ſe-<lb/>condo qualunque miſura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2321" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè alcuni ſono lunghi un braccio, larghi <lb/>un mezzo, e groſſi un ottavo, come ſon quei del pavimento di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2322" xml:space="preserve">Franceſco<unsure/> <lb/>di Siena. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2323" xml:space="preserve">Alcuni di lunghezza ſono un mezzo braccio, di larghezza un terzo, <lb/>e d’altezza un ottavo, come ſono quei dello ſpazzo di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2324" xml:space="preserve">Domenico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2325" xml:space="preserve">Ed oltre <lb/>a queſti, ſe ne fanno altri aſſai diverſi, e di grandezza, e di forma, ſecondo <lb/>che piace a chi fabbrica, per adoperargli nei pavimenti delle Chieſe, ſenza che <lb/>si formino i mattoni in varie maniere di membra di cornici, e d’architravi d’ <lb/>ogni Ordine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2326" xml:space="preserve">Della guiſa medeſima ſono i lacunarj, o laquearj, cioè, ſoffitte, <lb/>nelle quali non è coſa ſicura l’uſare i legnami ſenza errare, mentre in eſſe ſi <lb/>fanno doppie travature, e si raddoppia il peſo pel molto lavoro, che vi ſi ri-<lb/>chiede, non ſolo per la ſemplice copertura, ma ancora per l’ornamento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2327" xml:space="preserve">E pe-<lb/>rò si erra, quando si prendono i legnami troppo gravi, o ſottili, o frangibi-<lb/>li, o putrefattibili, e non forti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2328" xml:space="preserve">Ma i cuoprimenti coperti in volta, o poſſon <lb/>eſſer veri, e reali, ovvero finti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2329" xml:space="preserve">Ed è errore grande, al parer mio, il fare le <lb/>volte finte, e ſotto palchi, sì perchè talvolta si moſtrano ſuperfi<unsure/>ue, eſſendo ba-<lb/>ſtevoli i palchi, sì perchè il vano, che rimane fra le volte, e i palchi, non è <lb/>lodevole, eſſendo ricetto di topi, e d’altri animali dannoſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2330" xml:space="preserve">sì perchè le volte <lb/>finte, per eſſer di materia ſottile, non poſſon eſſer durevoli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2331" xml:space="preserve">sì anche perchè <lb/>eſſe ſon fatte per apparenza di breve tempo, e non per cagione di realità, e <lb/>di ſodezza perpetua, la quale è propria di tutte le fabbriche fatte con regola <lb/>d’Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2332" xml:space="preserve">Nè le volte vere, e reali talora ſi fabbricano ſenza errore, ado-<lb/>perandoviſi cattiva materia, cioè, uſando calcina mal fatta, ſnervata, e mattoni <lb/>non di buona terra, nè di buona cottura, nè ben formati, e non formando bene <lb/>il ſeſto, nè eleggendo buona impoſta, nè facendo buoni fianchi, nè armandole <lb/>bene di catene, nè facendo i pilaſtri, o barbacani di fuore, che ſpalleggino la mu-<lb/>raglia, e non ſerrandole bene. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2333" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente in quanto alla forma dei cuoprimenti <lb/>ſcoperti, talvolta ſi erra, facendogli con poca pendenza, cioè, troppo piani, <lb/>poichè in queſta maniera non hanno buono ſcolo, e però non poſſono mai reſi-<lb/>ſtere all’impeto delle piogge grandi, e violente, onde l’acqua penetra nelle parti <lb/>dentro degli edifizj, che non vi ſi può appena riparare: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2334" xml:space="preserve">lo che è non ſenza gran <lb/>danno dei cuoprimenti interni, e delle muraglie; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2335" xml:space="preserve">o non ſcolandoſi bene l’inver- <pb o="65" file="0081" n="81" rhead="PARTE TERZA."/> no, l’acqua vi ſi congela, ed offende. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2336" xml:space="preserve">E ſe vi ſi raccoglie molta quantità di ne-<lb/>ve, non così toſto ſe ne parte, ma vi ſi mantiene qualche tempo, e maſſima-<lb/>mente in luoghi freddi, e non molto eſpoſti al Sole; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2337" xml:space="preserve">di maniera che, conge-<lb/>landoviſi ſopra, aggrava troppo i cuoprimenti, e le armadure de’legnami, o <lb/>durano ſoverchia fatica nel reſiſtere al peſo, o ſon forzati, piegandoſi, o rom-<lb/>pendoſi, a cedere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2338" xml:space="preserve">E in quanto alla forma de’cuoprimenti coperti, come nel-<lb/>le impalcature, ſi erra non ponendole bene in piano, ed in ſquadra, e men-<lb/>tre i legnami non ſon bene ſpianati, nè ſquadrati, e mal commeſſi, e non <lb/>ben fermati nei luoghi loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2339" xml:space="preserve">Ma nella forma delle volte talora ſi fa errore, <lb/>e ſpezialmente, quando non ſi adattano ai luoghi ad eſſi convenienti, come, <lb/>dove ſta bene la volta a botte, e a tutto ſeſto, si fa la volta piana, ſenza a-<lb/>vere alcuna conſiderazione ai fianchi, ſe ſieno baſtevoli a reſiſtere alla forza <lb/>dello ſpingimento, che ella ſuol fare: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2340" xml:space="preserve">e così, dove ſta bene la volta a vela, <lb/>ſi faccia la volta a capiſteo, o a mezza botte con lunette: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2341" xml:space="preserve">e dove alcuna di <lb/>queſte ſi adatta bene al ſuo luogo, ſi faccia la volta a crociera, o la volta a <lb/>peducci, o a conca. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2342" xml:space="preserve">E in luogo di queſte, dove non ſi richiede, si facciano <lb/>le volte, o a tutta vela quadrata, o a mezza vela, ovvero a padiglione qua-<lb/>drato, ovvero tonda: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2343" xml:space="preserve">e così ſenza giudizio, adattando varie forme di volte in-<lb/>differentemente, dove non convengono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2344" xml:space="preserve">E tutti queſti ſono gli errori, che ap-<lb/>partengono ai cuoprimenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2345" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div44" type="section" level="1" n="44"> <head xml:id="echoid-head52" xml:space="preserve">CAPO III. <lb/>Degli errori, che avvengono per la poca, e non diligente cura intorno <lb/>alle fabbriche fatte.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2346" xml:space="preserve">PErchè altri poſſa ricever piena cognizione degli errori, che ſogliono accade-<lb/>re nella poca cura delle fabriche fatte, ſi dee notare prima il fine, nel qua-<lb/>le ſi uſa fare oſſervazione intorno ad eſſe, e di poi conſiderare le maniere del-<lb/>le oſſervazioni, e quindi trattare degli errori, che naſcono mentre ſi oſſervano.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2347" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2348" xml:space="preserve">Il fine, al quale ſi riguarda nella oſſervazione degli edificj fabbricati, è di due <lb/>ragioni: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2349" xml:space="preserve">l’una ſi è l’imparare dal buono eſempio col mezzo della imitazione, <lb/>il che allora ſi conſeguiſce, quando ſi oſſervano le fabbriche fatte con buona re-<lb/>gola d’Architettura, dove non ſia difetto alcuno, nè di miſure, nè di propor-<lb/>zioni, nè di conformità, nè di corriſpondenza delle parti, e dove non ſi deſi-<lb/>deri alcuna coſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2350" xml:space="preserve">Dalla conſiderazione delle quali s’impara il modo di ben fab-<lb/>bricare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2351" xml:space="preserve">Come accade nello ſtudio delle fabbriche antiche di Roma, e d’altri luoghi d’ <lb/>Italia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2352" xml:space="preserve">poichè queſte ſono il vero, e il principal Libro della buona pratica dell’ Archi-<lb/>tettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2353" xml:space="preserve">Così anche ſi può fare, oſſervando le fabbriche moderne ben fatte; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2354" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente oſſervando imparare dall’ eſempio delle opere mal fatte, avverten-<lb/>do gli errori, e i difetti, per eſſerne bene informati, affinchè altri gli poſſa age-<lb/>volmente ſchivare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2355" xml:space="preserve">E l’altra ſi è il conſervamento delle opere fatte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2356" xml:space="preserve">impercioc-<lb/>chè oſſervandoſi con diligenza, ſi conoſce ovunque accada qualche accidente, <lb/>al quale non rimediandoſi, poſſa eſſer cagione, che le opere ſi diſpongano a ma-<lb/>nifeſta rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2357" xml:space="preserve">E però gli errori, che accadono nell’ oſſervazione di eſſe, ſono <lb/>di molta importanza: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2358" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè dalla mala oſſervazione naſca la poca cura, <lb/>e il non conoſcere il biſogno preſentaneo di riparo, per ovviare a maggiore ac-<lb/>cidente di rovina, e riſparmiare la molta ſpeſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2359" xml:space="preserve">E queſti accidenti ſi conoſco-<lb/>no per la diligente oſſervazione, che ſi adopera intorno alle fabbriche finite, <lb/>e uſate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2360" xml:space="preserve">La quale mancando, non ſi conoſce il biſogno delle muraglie; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2361" xml:space="preserve">e que-<lb/>ſto non conoſciuto, le medeſime rimangono in preda d’ ogni peſſimo accidente <lb/>di rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2362" xml:space="preserve">E queſta oſſervazione ſi dee fare, o circa le parti eſteriori, o intor-<lb/>no alle interiori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2363" xml:space="preserve">Intorno alle parti eſteriori, cioè, nelle parti vicine ai fon-<lb/>damenti, in quelle della cima, e in quelle di mezzo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2364" xml:space="preserve">Onde gli errori, o ſi <lb/>fanno non avvertendo bene le parti vicine alla terra, quando ſi marciſcono <lb/>dall’acqua, che cade dalle gronde dei tetti, o dai condotti, o dai canali, la <lb/>quale cadendovi muore, non avendo eſito alcuno, e non potendo ſcorre- <pb o="66" file="0082" n="82" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> re in altra parte, ed è cagione, che le mura, e i fondamenti marciſcono, <lb/>quando non vi ſi ponga rimedio, facendovi calceſtruzzi doppj, con buona calcina <lb/>d’albazzano, la quale, per quanto io credo, ſi fa ſolamente nei luoghi intor-<lb/>no a Siena; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2365" xml:space="preserve">o con altra calcina impaſtata bene con rena di fiume, o con puz-<lb/>zolana, e murandovi ſopra, o mattoni ben fatti, e ben cotti per taglio, o per <lb/>coltello; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2366" xml:space="preserve">o pietre vive, o laſtre grandi di travertino ben commeſſe inſieme, di <lb/>sì fatta maniera che le congiunture ſieno fatte a modo d’intaccature tagliate a <lb/>ſquadra, o a coda di rondine, affinchè l’una ottimamente ſi colleghi coll’altra, <lb/>e l’acqua difficilmente poſſa penetrare per le congiunture. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2367" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè in que-<lb/>ſto modo le pietre ſi legano così ſtrettamente inſieme, che non pare, che ab-<lb/>biano biſogno di calcina, baſtando bagnarle ſolamente, e accoſtarle bene inſie-<lb/>me: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2368" xml:space="preserve">poichè l’umidità frappoſta ſi converte in tartaro, il quale è come una <lb/>colla, o come una ſaldatura (dagli Antichi detta ferramen), che le collega. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2369" xml:space="preserve">Talchè l’acqua cadente dalle gronde, e da’canali, non vi penetra, nè vi ſi fer-<lb/>ma: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2370" xml:space="preserve">e tanto più, quando ſi pongono le dette pietre, o mattoni con pendenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2371" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Ma tutto ciò meglio ſi comprenderà conſiderandoſene l’appreſſo eſempio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2372" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0082-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0082-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption32" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Csempio delle pietre vive ò lastre grandi congiunte insieme da <lb/>intacature à squadra e à coda di rondina.</caption> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2373" xml:space="preserve">E quando non ſi guarda molto bene, ſe lungo i fondamenti vi paſſa l’acqua corrente <lb/>di foſſo, o di gora, o di fiume; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2374" xml:space="preserve">allora ſi commette graviſſimo errore non ricorren-<lb/>do ai pronti, e convenienti ripari di ſteccate, d’argini, e di rifondamenti; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2375" xml:space="preserve">poichè l’acqua, che corre continuo, rode il fondamento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2376" xml:space="preserve">Ma quegli errori, che <lb/>accadono nelle parti eminenti, allora ſi veggiono ſcuoprire, quando non ſi vol-<lb/>ge l’occhio ai difetti dei travamenti, dei tetti, delle cornici, e di tutti i fini-<lb/>menti delle muraglie: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2377" xml:space="preserve">come, quando non ſi conſiderano perfettamente i legna-<lb/>mi, ſe hanno patito umidità, ſe ſon cavati da tarli, o da altri animali, ſe ſon <lb/>cotti dal Sole, o ſe hanno alcuna rottura notabile, e pericoloſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2378" xml:space="preserve">e quando altri <lb/>ſe la paſſaſſe, ſenza conſiderare con molto accorgimento le cornici, non riguar-<lb/>dando, ſe ſi ſpiccano dal muro, ſe pendono, ſe hanno le parti ſmoſſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2379" xml:space="preserve">e final-<lb/>mente, quando non ſi avverte, ſe la parte ſuperiore della muraglia eſce del <lb/>piombo del ſuo poſamento, il che è ſegno, che ella non può far reſiſtenza, <lb/>nè ſpalla alla forza dello ſpigner delle volte, degli archi, e delle travi armate.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2380" xml:space="preserve"> <pb o="67" file="0083" n="83" rhead="PARTE TERZA."/> Così ancora, quando non ſi riguarda la parte di mezzo dei muri, quando fan-<lb/>no corpo, incurvandoſi in fuori violentati da qualche incontro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2381" xml:space="preserve">E finalmente <lb/>quei diſordini, che avvengono, non ſolamente non guardandoſi con diligenza le <lb/>parti di mezzo delle muraglie, non ſolo, ſe fanno corpo (ſiccome ſi è detto) <lb/>o gonfiamento alcuno; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2382" xml:space="preserve">ma ſe hanno alcuna crepatura, o pelo, o ſcroſtamento: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2383" xml:space="preserve">i quali accidenti procedono dalle cagioni accennate, o dal ſoverchio aggrava-<lb/>mento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2384" xml:space="preserve">Intorno alle parti interiori, quando non ſi oſſervano a dovere le volte, le <lb/>impalcature, le ſcale, i fondamenti, e i luoghi delle cantine, i vaſi delle ci-<lb/>ſterne, e dei pozzi, i condotti, e le volte loro, le porte, le fineſtre, e i pavi-<lb/>menti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2385" xml:space="preserve">Onde non avvertendo minutamente a ogni accidente, e ad ogni difetto, <lb/>per piccolo che ſia, ſi dà tempo, che prenda tanto aumento, che cagioni ro-<lb/>vina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2386" xml:space="preserve">Dalla qual coſa procede, che le fabbriche non ſi poſſono uſare, nè con-<lb/>ſervar lungo tempo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2387" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div45" type="section" level="1" n="45"> <head xml:id="echoid-head53" xml:space="preserve">CAPO IV. <lb/>Degli errori, che accadono nella poca avvertenza dei condotti dell’ acque delle <lb/>ciſterne, e dei pozzi, delle fogne, cioè, delle cloache, e d’altri Luoghi.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2388" xml:space="preserve">ICondotti delle acque ſi fanno ſpeſſe volte nelle groſſezze delle muraglie, co-<lb/>minciandogli dalle parti più alte, e conducendogli nelle più baſſe preſſo ai <lb/>fondamenti, per potergli indi derivare nella conſerva loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2389" xml:space="preserve">Onde allora ſi fa <lb/>grave, e pericoloſo errore, quando altri non ſi guarda d’accoſtargli alle inteſta-<lb/>ture delle travi, alle radici dei fondamenti, alle volte delle cantine, e dei cel-<lb/>lieri, e alle ſtanze, ove ſi abita, o alle fronti, e ai fianchi delle Cappelle, ed’ <lb/>altri luoghi delle Chieſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2390" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè, quantunque ſieno ben murati, nondi-<lb/>meno l’umidità vi penetra a parte a parte, ed infracida le muraglie, e le tra-<lb/>vi, che vi ſon poſte, e le volte delle ſtanze, e le facce delle mura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2391" xml:space="preserve">di manie-<lb/>ra che, oltre al pericolo evidentiſſimo di rovinare, ſi rendono mal ſane ad abi-<lb/>tarvi, e nelle facciate delle caſe, o delle Chieſe non ſi può collocare ornamen-<lb/>to alcuno, o di pietra, o di ſtucco, o di legname, o di pittura, che non ſi gua-<lb/>ſti, nè vi ſi può collocare alcuna coſa, che non marciſca. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2392" xml:space="preserve">E ſe altri non ſi <lb/>guarda d’avvicinare i condotti dell’acque ai fondamenti, toſto avviene, che ſi <lb/>accorga di qualche ſegno d’irrimediabile rovina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2393" xml:space="preserve">Il medeſimo errore accade nel <lb/>fare le fogne, o cloache, ed altri luoghi cavati ſotto terra: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2394" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè, ſe ſi <lb/>fanno accanto, o ſotto i fondamenti, i medeſimi o vengono deboli, o ſi mar-<lb/>ciſcono, o ſi ſcalzano, ſcorrendovi continuamente l’acqua; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2395" xml:space="preserve">e tirando ſeco l’im-<lb/>mondezze, alcune volte ſi fa tale impoſta, che trattiene ogni umidità, che è un <lb/>perpetuo danno delle muraglie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2396" xml:space="preserve">Per lo contrario ciò, che ſi è detto dei condotti <lb/>delle acque, ſi può dire ancora dei cammini; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2397" xml:space="preserve">poichè eſſi parimente ſono una <lb/>ſpecie di condotti, cioè, del fumo, il quale procede dal fuoco: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2398" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè, <lb/>qu ando nelle abitazioni già finite, o nelle vecchie, ſi debbono fare nuovi cami-<lb/>ni, talora ſi erra, quando altri non procura di collocargli più lontani, che ſia poſ-<lb/>ſibile, dalle travi, il che non facendoſi non poſſiamo aſſicurare i caſamenti dagl’ <lb/>incendj.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2399" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div46" type="section" level="1" n="46"> <head xml:id="echoid-head54" xml:space="preserve">CAPO V. <lb/>Degli errori dei cavamenti ſotteranei vicini ai fondamenti delle muraglie.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2400" xml:space="preserve">GLi errori dei cavamenti allora ſi fanno, quando alcuna volta si cavano <lb/>cantine, o ciſterne, o pozzi, o vie ſotterranee appreſſo ai fondamenti di <lb/>qualunque fabbrica: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2401" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè, o s’indeboliſce il poſamento delle muraglie, <lb/>cavando ſoverchiamente il terreno attorno ad eſſe, o cavandolo ſotto, riman-<lb/>gono in aria, ſiccome accadeva anticamente, quando per ſtrattagemma milita-<lb/>re si cavava ſotto le mura delle Città, o delle Fortezze per tenerle poi ſoſpe-<lb/>ſe in aria con ſoſtentamento di travi, e per riempire il vuoto di faſcine per <pb o="68" file="0084" n="84" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> darvi fuoco a tempo, e farle rovinare: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2402" xml:space="preserve">o almeno s’introna la muraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2403" xml:space="preserve">Ma, <lb/>comunque avenga, ſempre da tali errori, e da tali accidenti si cagionano ro-<lb/>vine, alcune volte inaſpettate, non eſſendo così manifeſta la cagione, che ne <lb/>poſſa dimoſtrare qualche ſegno, affinchè facilmente vi si poſſa apportare qual-<lb/>che opportuno rimedio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2404" xml:space="preserve">Benchè, levato il poſamento delle fabbriche, non po-<lb/>tendoſi reggere ſopra il vuoto, difficilmente, e con grandiſſimo pericolo vi ſi <lb/>può riempire di muro nuovo, rifondando la muraglia vecchia prima che cali, <lb/>e ſprofondi ſotto terra, e ſi tiri ſeco tutto il rimanente della fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2405" xml:space="preserve">Di ma-<lb/>niera che queſta ſpecie d’errori è la più pericoloſa, che accader poſſa agli edi-<lb/>ficj già fatti, e uſati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2406" xml:space="preserve">E però è neceſſario, ſiccome altrove si è accennato, de-<lb/>putare alcuna perſona intendente d’Architettura, la quale, viſitando continua-<lb/>mente le fabbriche, eſamini con diligenza ciaſcuna parte loro, e oſſervi eſatta-<lb/>mente ciò, che si faccia dai vicini nel fabbricare, e nel cavare i luoghi ſot-<lb/>terranei, e cerchi di far levare tutto quello, che potrebbe intronare le mura-<lb/>glie, per proccurare, che si conſervino ſenza offeſa alcuna, e da principio, e <lb/>continuamente ſi ripari a qualunque accidente, per piccolo, che ſia, acciocchè <lb/>creſcendo il pericolo, non ſi faccia più grave, e irrimediabile.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2407" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div47" type="section" level="1" n="47"> <head xml:id="echoid-head55" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VI. <lb/>Degli errori, che accadono nei tagliamenti delle muraglie.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2408" xml:space="preserve">Itagliamenti delle muraglie, i quali ſi fanno per accreſcere qualche ſito per <lb/>far vani, fineſtre, porte, diverſe concavità, ricettacoli per cavar nicchie per <lb/>ſtatue, e luoghi per Altari, per Cappelle, per Cori, o per altre varie comodità, <lb/>non è dubbio alcuno, che le indeboliſcono, e ſpecialmente, quando elle ſono <lb/>troppo ſottili, o mal fabbricate: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2409" xml:space="preserve">e cavandoſi le parti da baſſo, che ſono la ba-<lb/>ſe di tutto il rimanente del muro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2410" xml:space="preserve">o aſſottigliandoſi, quelle, che vi ſon ſopra, <lb/>rimangono ſenza ſoſtentamento alcuno, onde danno ſegno di volerſi precipita-<lb/>re. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2411" xml:space="preserve">E però è grandiſſimo errore il fare i tagliamenti, e le rotture delle mura, <lb/>ſenza riguardare, ſe ſieno per eſſere cagione di danno, e ſenza fortificare i luo-<lb/>ghi, nei quali ſi debbono tagliare le muraglie, o con archi, o con rincorca-<lb/>mento di muro, o col rifondare, e armar le mura con catene. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2412" xml:space="preserve">Concioſſiachè <lb/>tagliandoſi le muraglie, s’aſſottigliano, s’intronano, ſi ſcollegano, ſi rompono, <lb/>e vi ſi fanno aperture tali, che danno manifeſto ſegno di rovina.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2413" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div48" type="section" level="1" n="48"> <head xml:id="echoid-head56" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VII. <lb/>Degli errori, che procedono dalle nuove Cariche, le quali ſi pongono <lb/>ſopra i muri vecchi.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2414" xml:space="preserve">SI commette grandiſſimo errore, quando ſopra le muraglie vecchie ſi alzano <lb/>muri nuovi, ſenza procurar diligentemente, ſe elle abbiano forza di reſiſte-<lb/>re, e ſpezialmente quando le medefime ſono troppo ſottili, o lavorate con ma-<lb/>la ſtruttura, o di materia fragile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2415" xml:space="preserve">Così, quando non avvertiamo, che la Natu-<lb/>ra è quella, che c’inſegna, non ſolamente a fondare mura nuove ſopra il ter-<lb/>reno, ma ancora ad alzare altre mura nelle vecchie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2416" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè eſſa fa ſem-<lb/>pre i poſamenti dei corpi più groſſi, più ſodi, e più forti dei corpi, che ſo-<lb/>pra vi si alzano, come si vede nei monti, e negli alberi, dove è di maggior <lb/>groſſezza la baſe del rimanente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2417" xml:space="preserve">così ancora di ſaldezza maggiore, come ſono <lb/>i ceppi negli alberi, e le ſelci, e i tuſi nei monti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2418" xml:space="preserve">Così l’Arte, che nell’ope-<lb/>rare ſegue la Natura ſua maeſtra, coſtuma ſempre di far le baſi delle mura di <lb/>queſte medeſime condizioni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2419" xml:space="preserve">E però il buono Architetto, a cui ſi porge occa-<lb/>ſione di far murare ſopra muraglie vecchie, dee con diligenza oſſervare, ſe le <lb/>muraglie vecchie ſono di conveniente groſſezza, ſe ſon ben fatte, ſe non han-<lb/>no difetto alcuno, cioè, che non ſieno ſmoſſe, intronate, marce, arſe, pelate, <lb/>troppo alte, e ſe non hanno il perfetto perpendicolo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2420" xml:space="preserve">Lo che non facendo, e <pb o="69" file="0085" n="85" rhead="PARTE TERZA."/> fidandosi troppo imprudentemente di eſſe, gli dia nuovo peſo, commette bia-<lb/>ſimevole errore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2421" xml:space="preserve">poichè le mura vecchie mal condizionate non hanno forza di <lb/>reggere lor medeſime, non che poſſano ſoſtentar nuovo peſo d’altra muraglia. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2422" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè, quando ſono di queſta maniera, ſi piegano, s’aprono, ſi rom-<lb/>pono, e finalmente rovinano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2423" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando alcuno talvolta non ſia forzato, è <lb/>meglio il fabbricare fuggendo le mura vecchie, eſſendo miglior partito il fabbri-<lb/>carle di fondo, e far l’opera tutta uniforme; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2424" xml:space="preserve">poichè le mura vecchie con le <lb/>nuove non s’uniſcono mai, e d’ordinario cedono al nuovo peſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2425" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando <lb/>pure l’Architetto ſia forzato a murare ſopra il vecchio, ſarà buono avvedimento <lb/>il fortificare le muraglie vecchie, prima che vi ſi fabbrichi ſopra, cioè, o rifon-<lb/>dendole, o facendovi con determinati intervalli alcuni pezzi di muraglia nuova <lb/>ſopra il fondamento medeſimo della vecchia, a modo di pilaſtri, incatenandogli <lb/>continuamente, mentre ſi alzano col muro vecchio da ogni banda, e condotti vi-<lb/>cino all’altezza della muraglia, vi ſi facciano archi di buon ſeſto coperti da un <lb/>quadro di muraglia, cioè, quanta è la teſta d’un mattone, affinchè la ſuperficie del <lb/>muro non ſi moſtri interrotta dagli archi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2426" xml:space="preserve">Lo che fatto, e ben fermato con per-<lb/>fetta preſa, l’Architetto potrà con ſicurezza fabbricarvi a ſuo piacimento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2427" xml:space="preserve">Ma <lb/>per maggiore intelligenza di quanto ſi è detto, diſegneremo quì appreſſo un <lb/>eſempio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2428" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <figure> <image file="0085-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0085-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption33" style="it" xml:space="preserve">A, Dimostrano la Muraglia vecchia.<lb/>B, Dimostrano la Muraglia nuova fata a modo di pilastri<lb/>C, Gli Archi scoperti.<lb/>D, Gli Archi coperti.<lb/>E, Jutto l’alzato della Muraglia nuova.</caption> </figure> <pb o="70" file="0086" n="86" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div49" type="section" level="1" n="49"> <head xml:id="echoid-head57" xml:space="preserve">CAPO VIII. <lb/>Degli errori, che accadono nei reſtauramenti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2429" xml:space="preserve">IRiſtoramenti, che ſi fanno alle fabbriche, hanno per fine il rimediare ai peri-<lb/>coli di rovina, il fortificare, e l’aſſicurar le muraglie, il confermare i fonda-<lb/>menti, e il ridurle a tal condizione, che ſi poſſano conſervare perpetuamente. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2430" xml:space="preserve">E però tutti gli errori, che ſi commettono in queſto caſo, ſono di grandiſſimo dan-<lb/>no, perchè in vece di rimediare ai difetti delle mura, e di farle più ſtabili, tut-<lb/>tavia ſi conſervano nei difetti loro, e bene ſpeſſo ſi rendono maggiori pel con-<lb/>traſto delle mura vec chie con le nuove, queſte aggravando, mentre calano, e <lb/>quelle reſiſtendo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2431" xml:space="preserve">Queſti riſtoramenti, o ſi fanno rifondando le muraglie, o in-<lb/>groſſandole, o foderandole, o rifacendone qualche parte, o appoggiando mura-<lb/>glie nuove alle vecchie, o facendo ſperoni, e barbacani a quelle, che pendono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2432" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Onde allora ſi farà errore, quando nel rifondare non ſi cava tanto ſotto, che ſi <lb/>trovi il terreno più ſodo, e quando non ſi leva quella parte di muro, che è <lb/>marcia, o ſmoſſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2433" xml:space="preserve">e quando la muraglia, che ſi dee rifondare, non ſi pone ben <lb/>in puntelli di fortiſſimo legname di caſtagno, di quercia, o d’olmo, par-<lb/>te puntellandole di fuori per ſoſtenere il peſo, e far reſiſtenza al calamento del <lb/>muro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2434" xml:space="preserve">e parte ponendole ſotto il muro vecchio, fermando bene nel fondo del <lb/>fondamento, e ſerrandolo dentro la groſſezza della nuova muraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2435" xml:space="preserve">Ed oltre <lb/>a ciò, non ſi erra meno, quando il muro, che vi ſi farà ſotto, non ſarà di <lb/>buona materia, ſoda, e ferma: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2436" xml:space="preserve">e quando non ſia ben collegata, nè ben battu-<lb/>ta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2437" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente ſarà grande errore il diſarmare le muraglie, e le volte avanti <lb/>che abbiano fatto buona preſa nell’ingroſſamento delle muraglie, e nel fare i <lb/>fondamenti loro ſi erra non collegando, nè incatenando bene la muraglia nuo-<lb/>va con la vecchia, nè ſerrandole bene inſieme. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2438" xml:space="preserve">Così, quando ſi dee rifare qual-<lb/>che parte d’un muro vecchio, ſi farà errore, non congiungendo bene il nuovo <lb/>col vecchio, e non ponendo bene a filo, e a dirittura l’uno con l’altro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2439" xml:space="preserve">E fi-<lb/>nalmente nel fare gli ſperoni non ſaremo ſicuri dall’errare, mentre non procu-<lb/>reremo di trovare il fondo più ſodo, nè provvederemo buona materia, nè la <lb/>la collegheremo bene inſieme con buona calcina, non ſerrando validamente la <lb/>cima dello ſperone col muro vecchio, incaſtrandolo con forza nella groſſezza <lb/>di eſſo, nè uſando diligenza, che la ſua eſtremità ſia fatta bene in piano, ac-<lb/>coſtandola con forza ſotto gli ultimi filari dei mattoni, o delle pietre del mu-<lb/>ro vecchio, affinchè meglio ſi uniſca, e ſopr’eſſo ſi ſoſtenti tutto il peſo del-<lb/>la muraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2440" xml:space="preserve">E queſti ſon tutti gli errori, che poſſono accadere nei riſtora-<lb/>menti delle muraglie.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2441" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div50" type="section" level="1" n="50"> <head xml:id="echoid-head58" xml:space="preserve">CAPO IX. <lb/>Quanto importi il non ſervirſi degli Architetti, e il fidarſi della pratica <lb/>dei Miniſtri.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2442" xml:space="preserve">CHi levaſſe l’ordine dell’Univerſo, ſenza dubbio alcuno ſarebbe cagione del <lb/>ſuo diſtruggimento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2443" xml:space="preserve">e chi confondeſſe l’ordine nelle Repubbliche, ſareb-<lb/>be cagione della rovina del buon governo civile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2444" xml:space="preserve">Così chiunque toglieſſe il buon <lb/>ordine, che nel fabbricare ſi conviene, ſarebbe cagione di molte imperfezioni, <lb/>di molti difetti alle muraglie, di varj, e di gravi accidenti, e che le medeſime <lb/>ſi faceſſero di corta durata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2445" xml:space="preserve">Allora, ſiccome ſi comprende per l’eſperienza, ſi le-<lb/>va il buon ordine delle fabbriche, quando quelli, che debbono eſſer Miniſtri, ſi <lb/>pongono per Sopraſtanti, e per Architetti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2446" xml:space="preserve">Che, ſiccome non è bene, nè è coſa ſicu-<lb/>ra, che lo Speziale faccia l’ufizio del Medico, così non è bene, nè è coſa giovevole, <lb/>che il Muratore, lo Stuccatore, il Lavorator di pietre, il Maeſtro di legname, il Pitto-<lb/>re, e lo Scultore, facciano l’ufizio dell’ Architetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2447" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè qualunque ei ſiaſi <lb/>di queſti, non è bene informato di tutta la perizia dell’Architettura, non ſa- <pb o="71" file="0087" n="87" rhead="PARTE TERZA."/> pendo le regole, i principj, e le proporzioni, nè ſapendo diſcernere le varie <lb/>condizioni delle Opere, e tutto quello, che ad eſſe proporzionevolmente, e cia-<lb/>ſcuna a ciaſcuna, ſi richiede, nè potendo operare con ragione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2448" xml:space="preserve">ed altro non <lb/>poſſedendo, che la ſola pratica del Muratore, e dell’operare a norma dell’Arte <lb/>loro, la quale non baſta per condurre le fabbriche a perfezione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2449" xml:space="preserve">perciò non ſo-<lb/>no baſtevoli al biſogno del fabbricare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2450" xml:space="preserve">laonde chiunque ſi fida dei Muratori, <lb/>o degli altri Artefici, non è ſicuro d’eſſere ben ſervito nei muramenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2451" xml:space="preserve">im-<lb/>perciocchè, o rieſcono mal compartiti, e ſenza proporzione, e ſenza corriſpon-<lb/>denza delle parti, e finalmente ſenza grazia, e ſenza decoro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2452" xml:space="preserve">E ciò avviene, <lb/>perchè mentre i fabbricatori ſono impiegati nelle opere del murare, non poſſo-<lb/>no eſercitare l’ufizio dell’Architetto, aſſiſtendo, terminando i diſegni, formando <lb/>i modelli, miſurando i luoghi, compartendo, ed aggiuſtando i fondamenti nel <lb/>ſito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2453" xml:space="preserve">Senza che non è bene il fidarſi dei Muratori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2454" xml:space="preserve">poichè manca ad eſſi quel-<lb/>la condizione, che è di riſparmiare, quanto è poſſibile, alla ſpeſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2455" xml:space="preserve">che quan-<lb/>do ciò faceſſero, procurerebbero il danno loro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2456" xml:space="preserve">mentre coſtume loro ſi è lo ſtu-<lb/>diare con ſomma diligenza, che l’opera, e il lavoro creſca, affinchè ſi aumen-<lb/>ti loro il guadagno; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2457" xml:space="preserve">e ſi accordano con i Maeſtri delle Fornaci a danno di chi <lb/>fa murare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2458" xml:space="preserve">Nemmeno gli Stuccatori, e i Maeſtri di legname uſati alle opere <lb/>troppo trite, e troppo licenzioſe poſſono eſſer buoni per Architetti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2459" xml:space="preserve">poichè le <lb/>muraglie richiedono fermezza, ſtabilità, ſaldezza, e nobiltà. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2460" xml:space="preserve">Oltredichè coſtoro <lb/>non hanno alcuna abilità, e cognizione, che degli ornamenti poſticcj, che ſi <lb/>fanno nelle ſuperficie degli edifizj, i quali bene ſpeſſo non gli ſogliono fare, <lb/>ſenza uſcire delle regole dell’Architettura, e ſenza qualche ſtorpiamento, e ſen-<lb/>za qualche ſproporzione, ſecondo i loro capriccj: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2461" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſcoſtandoſi dalla buo-<lb/>na maniera Greca, e Romana, ſi accoſtano alla barbara, ſiccome ſi vede, of-<lb/>ſervando le opere fatte da loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2462" xml:space="preserve">Ora vi reſtano i Pittori, i quali come puri Pit-<lb/>tori, non ſono ſufficienti ad eſercitare l’Architetto, non avendo altro, che la <lb/>pratica del diſegno, la quale, ſe non è regolata dalla dritta ragione dell’Archi-<lb/>tettura, non baſta a bene operare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2463" xml:space="preserve">Nè par baſtevole la copia dell’invenzione, <lb/>mentre per la bontà delle fabbriche, e degli ornamenti, ha più biſogno delle re-<lb/>gole, che delle invenzioni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2464" xml:space="preserve">Anzi negli ornamenti dell’Architettura le forme ſo-<lb/>no tanto determinate, che non vi è neceſſario, nè ſi poſſono cercare invenzio-<lb/>ni nuove; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2465" xml:space="preserve">ſe però alcuno non voleſſe prender licenza, e uſcire degli ordini de-<lb/>terminati dalla buona Architettura, per ſeguitare la maniera barbara, lo che ſi <lb/>reputa errore importantiſſimo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2466" xml:space="preserve">Concioſſiachè l’invenzione delle coſe d’Architettu-<lb/>ra ſi può ſoltanto eſercitare nel ritrovamento dei diſegni, e dei modelli delle <lb/>fabbriche, di qualche parte loro principale, o d’altre coſe appartenenti ad eſſe, <lb/>ma non mai negli ornamenti particolari del tutto, e delle parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2467" xml:space="preserve">Con i Pittori <lb/>s’accompagnano gli Scultori, i quali avvezzi ſoltanto a formare corpi ritondi <lb/>di ſtatue, e baſſi rilievi, o mezzi rilievi, colla ſola perizia loro non poſſono be-<lb/>ne applicarſi alle coſe dell’Architettura, benchè ſi confidino nel Diſegno, il qua-<lb/>le non è atto a ſupplire al difetto de’principj, e delle regole d’Architettura. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2468" xml:space="preserve">Laonde dalle coſe dette ſi comprende, che niuno di queſti Artefici ſi debba eleg-<lb/>gere per Architetto, dovendo ciaſcuno di loro far l’ufizio del Miniſtro di eſ-<lb/>ſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2469" xml:space="preserve">E però, affinchè le fabbriche rieſcano fatte a tutta perfezione, è neceſſario, <lb/>che tutte le perſone deputate all’opera della muraglia, facciano l’ufizio loro, e <lb/>l’Architetto l’ufizio d’Architetto, d’Aſſiſtente al lavoro, e di Sopraſtante a tutti <lb/>i Miniſtri: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2470" xml:space="preserve">e i Muratori, e i loro lavoranti facciano l’ufizio di miniſtri obbedien <lb/>ti all’Architetto loro Capo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2471" xml:space="preserve">Così gli Stuccatori facciano il loro miniſtero nel <lb/>fare quelli ornamenti, che loro ſono ordinati dall’Architetto, e non s’impacci-<lb/>no d’altro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2472" xml:space="preserve">ed altresì facciano lo ſteſſo i Maeſtri di lavorar le pietre, e i legna-<lb/>mi, attendendo ſoltanto a lavorare le materie loro, ſecondo viene loro ordina-<lb/>to. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2473" xml:space="preserve">E finalmente i Pittori, e gli Scultori non debbono far altro, che adornare <lb/>le muraglie, le volte, e gli altri luoghi delle opere loro, ed abbellire le fronti <lb/>delle fabbriche, i vani, e i compartimenti delle opere ſteſſe con i loro lavori, <lb/>ſecondo che viene ad eſſi ordinato dal Padrone dell’opera, e dal comandamen- <pb o="72" file="0088" n="88" rhead="DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> to dell’ Architetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2474" xml:space="preserve">E queſto baſti aver detto riſpetto a quello, che ci eravamo <lb/>alla bella prima propoſti, e a un tempo ſteſſo fermiamo il ſigillo di queſto Li-<lb/>bro DEGLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI, pregando intanto <lb/>i benigni Lettori a degnarſi di ſouſarmi, ſe loro pareſſe, non eſſerſi detto quan-<lb/>to biſognava intorno alla materia propoſta, e dicendo loro, come a noi baſta <lb/>d’aver accennato, per dare occaſione agli altri intendenti dell’Architettura di ſup-<lb/>plire a tutto quello, che da noi foſſe ſtato tralaſciato.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2475" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s2476" xml:space="preserve">Soli Deo, Trino, atque Uno, qui univerſi bonum, omniumque Principium, <lb/>& </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2477" xml:space="preserve">honor, & </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2478" xml:space="preserve">gloria.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2479" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div51" type="section" level="1" n="51"> <head xml:id="echoid-head59" xml:space="preserve">LAUS DEO.</head> <pb o="73" file="0089" n="89"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div52" type="section" level="1" n="52"> <head xml:id="echoid-head60" xml:space="preserve">INDICE <lb/>DELLE MATERIE CONTENUTE IN QUEST’ OPERA, <lb/><emph style="sc">E DEGLI</emph> <emph style="sc">Autori in essa citati</emph>.</head> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>A <lb/>ABuſi intorno agli ornati moderna-<lb/># menti introdotti. # pag. 44. 45 <lb/>Abuſo introdotto in regola. # 45 <lb/>Accidenti, che pregiudicano le fabbri-<lb/># che, quali. # 37. 38 <lb/>Acqua ſalmaſtra non buona per l’im-<lb/># paſto della calcina. # 10 <lb/>Acqua untuoſa perchè non buona per <lb/># tal uſo. # 10. 11 <lb/>Acqua pregiudiziale ai fondamenti, <lb/># come. # 66 <lb/>Acque de’bagni perchè non buone. # 11 <lb/>Acquedotto dell’acqua Claudia. Sua <lb/># iſcrizione. # 14 <lb/>Adriano Imp. ſua fabbrica per l’In-<lb/># ghilterra. # 7 <lb/>Alberi, che danno indizio di terreno <lb/># ſtabile, quali. # 23 <lb/>Alberti Leon Battiſta lodato, e cita-<lb/># to. # 6. 7. 24. 27. 28. 54 <lb/>Alberti Franceſco, citato. # 52 <lb/>Albertino Franceſco, citato. # 14. 15 <lb/>Alno, ſua qualità. # 28 <lb/>Altari. Errori riſpetto ai loro ornati. # 39 <lb/>Altezze delle parti. Lor proporzioni. # 32 <lb/>Aggetto. Che coſa ſia. # 58 <lb/>Agricola Giorgio, citato. # 24 <lb/>Agrippa Cammillo Architetto di P. Gre-<lb/># gorio XIII. # 30 <lb/>Ammaſſamento cattivo di pietre, mat-<lb/># toni ec. quale. # 50 <lb/>Anfiproſtilo, che ſignifichi. # 53. 54 <lb/>Anfiteatri antichi. # 34 <lb/>Angoli. Loro ufizio. # 46 <lb/>Anſio. Porto di Nerone. # 30 <lb/>Ante. Suo uſo. # 58 <lb/>Antioco Sotero. Sua edificazione d’An-<lb/># tiochia ec. # 7 <lb/>Antiporto. Sua proporzione, e ſpro-<lb/># porzione. # 45 <lb/>Antonino Pio. Sua fabbrica per l’In-<lb/># ghilterra. # 7 <lb/>Antonio Caracalla. Sua vita citata. # 52 <lb/>Architetto temporale paragonato coll’ <lb/># Eterno. # 59 <lb/># Doveri del primo, per uniformar-<lb/># ſi al ſecondo. # 59. 60 <lb/>Architetti, come ſi pregiudichino. # 18 <lb/># Loro cura riſpetto al diſegno. # ivi <lb/># Loro colpa riſpetto alla mala riu-<lb/># ſcita delle fabbriche. # 23 <lb/># Non buoni Architetti, quali. # 38 <lb/># Lor dovere quale. # ivi. e 59 <lb/># Neceſſità di ſervirſi di loro, e non <lb/># di Capi maſtri, ec. # 70. 71 <lb/># Loro aſſiſtenza alle fabbriche ne-<lb/># ceſſaria. # 61 <lb/>Architettura lodata. # 3 <lb/># Sue condizioni. # 16 <lb/># Sua neceſſità. Suoi vantaggj. # ivi. <lb/># Sua nobiltà. # ivi. <lb/># Come debba imitar la Natura. # 53 <lb/>Architrave. Qual pietra ſe gli addica. # 11 <lb/>Come ben piantato. # 39 <lb/># Eſempj in rame. # ivi. <lb/># Suo comparto. # 35 <lb/># Sua mala ſituazione. # 39 <lb/># Suo ufizio. # 40. 45 <lb/>Arco fra l’Aventino, e il Tevere de-<lb/># ſcritto. # 14 <lb/>Arco delle porte. Sua natura, e qua-<lb/># lità. # 58 <lb/>Argentieri. Lor fantaſie nocive all’Ar-<lb/># chitettura. # 45 <lb/>Argilla. Sua natura. # 28 <lb/>Aria, quando rea, e per quali cagio-<lb/># ni. # 6 <lb/>Arſenale di Roma. Sua iſcrizione. # 60 <lb/>Artaſerſe. Sua fabbrica ſull’Eufrate. # 7 <lb/>Arte, e ſuo fine. # 3 <lb/># Imitatrice della natura. # 53 <lb/>Artefici non atti all’Architettura, e <lb/># perchè. # 70. 71 <lb/>Aſconio Pediano, citato # 19 <lb/>Autentica. Sua legge riſpetto alle fab-<lb/># briche. # 22 <lb/>Autunno buono per fabbricare. # 17 <lb/>B <lb/>Bancone. Che ſia. # 27. 28 <lb/>Barbacani. Quando bene uſati. # 53 <lb/>Bargagli. Sua foggia d’Altari biaſi-<lb/># mata. # 45 <lb/>Baſe Jonica, quale. # 40 <lb/>Baſi. Loro ſproporzioni. # 37 <lb/>Baſi. delle muraglie. Loro condizio-<lb/># ni. # 68. 69 <lb/></note> <pb o="74" file="0090" n="90"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>Bellezza delle fabbriche paragonata col <lb/># Mondo grande. # 32 <lb/># Col mondo piccolo, o ſia l’uo-<lb/># mo. # ivi. <lb/>Bibbia. Lib. IV. dei Re, citato. # 19. 20 <lb/>Biccherna. Magiſtrato Saneſe ſopra le <lb/># fabbriche. # 13 <lb/>Biparziente proporzione, quale. # 58 <lb/>Braccio saneſe eſpoſto. # 35. 64 <lb/>Bramante. Sua fabbrica di S. Pietro <lb/># eſaminata. # 17 <lb/>Budeo, citato. # 14. 18. 19 <lb/>Bun, Città. Come ſommerſa. # 27 <lb/>Buonarrotti Michelagnolo. # 41 <lb/># Suo Portico. # 49 <lb/>C <lb/>Calcina. Quale non buona. # 13 <lb/># Male impaſtata di quai mali ſia <lb/># cagione. # 50 <lb/>Calceſtruzzi, e loro uſo. # 63 <lb/>Caliendro, che ſia. # 49 <lb/>Caligola. Suo errore riſpetto al fab-<lb/># bricar ſulle Alpi. # 7 <lb/># Suo Obeliſco nel Circo del Vati-<lb/># cano. # 30 <lb/>Campidoglio. Sua cornice biaſima-<lb/># ta. # 49 <lb/>Campo Vaccino, o Foro Romano. Sue <lb/># colonne. # 19 <lb/>Cannicci, rea materia per volte. # 53 <lb/>Cantine, ove mal cavate. # 67 <lb/>Caos. Quale riſpetto all’ Architettu-<lb/># ra. # 38 <lb/>Capitello, come mal collocato. # 36. 40 <lb/>Cappuccini. Loro fabbriche. # 22 <lb/>Caſa di Mario. # 34 <lb/>Caſole, Caſtello di Siena. Sue abita-<lb/># zioni deſcritte. # 22 <lb/>Catene di ferro, quando inutili. # 51 <lb/>Cattedrale di Siena, onde pregiudica-<lb/># ta. # 11 <lb/>Cavamenti de’pozzi, ciſterne, ec. # 23 <lb/># Ove mal fatti. # 67 <lb/>Cella Soliare. Sua volta deſcritta. # 52 <lb/># Sua armatura di ferro. # ivi. <lb/>Cementizia opera biaſimata. # 9 <lb/>Certoſini. Loro fabbriche. # 22 <lb/>Ceſare Giulio. Suo parere intorno all’ <lb/># aria d’Inghilterra. # 7 <lb/>Chieſe riferite. # 49. 50 <lb/>Cicerone, citato. # 14. 15. 19. 21. 22 <lb/>Cimelia. Che terra ſia. # 27 <lb/>Cineſi, com’abbian chiuſo il paſſo al-<lb/># le incurſioni. # 7 <lb/>Cittadini Celſo, citato. # 12. 20. 59. 60 <lb/>Civitavecchia, ſuo porto. # 29 <lb/>Claudio Imp. Sua fabbrica del Faro <lb/># del porto Romano. # 28 <lb/>Cloache, ove mal collocate. # 67 <lb/>Collegamento buono dei muri in che <lb/># conſiſta. # 50 <lb/>Colonne Trajana, e Antonina. # 35 <lb/>Colonne perpendicolari, lor uſo # 14 <lb/># Lor coſtruzione antica. # 19 <lb/># A perpendicolo non neceſſarie. # ivi. <lb/># Errori nel piantarle. # 34 <lb/>Colonne, quando mal collocate. # 46 <lb/>Colonne dell’Anfiteatro di Veſpaſiano <lb/># deſcritte. # 57. 58 <lb/>Columella, ſuoi precetti riſpetto al fab-<lb/># bricare. # 30 <lb/>Comparto mal diſpoſto. Suoi rei ef-<lb/># fetti. # 17. 18. 19 <lb/>Comparto delle fabbriche, come s’in-<lb/># tenda. # 37 <lb/># Errori riſpetto al medeſimo. # 37. 38 <lb/>Compoſita. Colonna. # 39. 40 <lb/>Condotti. Di qual materia ſi debban <lb/># fare. # 8 <lb/>Condotti delle acque. Loro errori. # 67 <lb/>Congelamenti, nocevoli alle fabbri-<lb/># che. # 63 <lb/>Congiunture a coda di rondine. Loro <lb/># uſo. # 66 <lb/>Contraccolonne. # 40 <lb/>Contrafforti. Quando bene uſati. # 53 <lb/>Contrarj, e loro natura. # 3 <lb/>Coprimenti. Come debban farſi. # 61 <lb/># Errori riſpetto ai medeſimi. # 61. 62 <lb/># Lor diviſione, e materiali. # 62 <lb/># Rei effetti del cattivo coprimen-<lb/># to. # ivi. e 63 <lb/># Loro forma. # 64 <lb/>Cornice. Suo ufizio. # 45 <lb/>Cornice. Quando ſi poſſa porre ſull’ <lb/>Architrave. # 58 <lb/>Corpi della fabbrica, come mal pian-<lb/># tati. # 56 <lb/># In quanti modi debbanſi conſide-<lb/># rare. # ivi. <lb/># Come ſi debban collocare riſpet-<lb/># to alla loro figura. # 56. 57 <lb/>Corpi cubici. Loro natura. # 57 <lb/>Corroſione, onde cagionata. # 11 <lb/>Coſtantino il Grande edificatore della <lb/># Baſilica Vaticana. # 30 <lb/>Coſtantinopoli. Sue fabbriche. # 22 <lb/>Curatori delle fabbriche de’Romani <lb/># ec. # 14 <lb/># Loro doveri, e incombenze. # 14. <lb/># 15. 19. 21. 22 <lb/></note> <pb o="75" file="0091" n="91"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>D <lb/>Decempeda. Miſura. # 35 <lb/>Decoro, riſpetto alle fabbriche defini-<lb/># to. # 49 <lb/># Errori riſpetto al medeſimo. # ivi. <lb/>Democrito. # 7 <lb/>Didio Tito. Sua fabbrica. # 34 <lb/>Diligenza ſoverchia, quale. # 49 <lb/>Diminuzione di groſſezze, come deb-<lb/># ba condurſi. # 56 <lb/>Diocleziano. Sue Terme. # 51 <lb/>Diſegno difettoſo. Suoi rei effetti. <lb/># 17. 18 <lb/># Perchè ſia a dovere ciò, che ſi <lb/># voglia. # 18 <lb/>Diſſeccamento dei muri, onde cagio-<lb/># nato. # 11 <lb/>Diſtribuzione di parti come difetto-<lb/># ſa. # 18 <lb/>Dogane, e altri luoghi pubblici, co-<lb/># me mal fabbricati. # 8 <lb/>Domiziano. Falſo onore aſcrittogli da <lb/># Marziale. # 57 <lb/>Dorica. Colonna. # 40 <lb/>Dorico. Ordine. # 39 <lb/># Suo uſo riſpetto alle colonne. # 54 <lb/>Dupla proporzione riſpetto alle colon-<lb/># ne. # 58 <lb/>Durante Caſtore, citato. # 28 <lb/>E <lb/>Edificatori. Loro maniere deſcritte. <lb/># 15 <lb/># Quando altri non ſe ne debba ſer-<lb/># vire. # 15. 16 <lb/>Edili, Curatori delle fabbriche. # 20. 21 <lb/>Elide, Città, come ſommerſa. # 27 <lb/>Erbe, che danno indizio di terreno <lb/># ſtabile. # 23 <lb/><emph style="sc">Errore</emph>. A che conduca. # 3 <lb/><emph style="sc">Errori</emph> degli Architetti prima del <lb/># fabbricare. # 5 <lb/># Loro triſti effetti. # ivi. <lb/># Onde ſi commettano. # ivi. <lb/>Errori nell’elezione del ſito. # 6 <lb/>Loro diverſità riſpetto al ſito. # ivi. e <lb/># 7. 8. <lb/># Riſpetto alla ſcelta delle materie <lb/># naturali. # 9 <lb/># Dell’Arte. # ivi. <lb/># Riſpetto all’uſo de’legnami. # 11 <lb/># Alle pietre lavorate, mattoni, cal-<lb/># cina, e ferramenti. # 11. 12. 13 <lb/># Riſpetto alle grandezze de’mat-<lb/># toni. # 13 <lb/># Riſpetto alla calcina. # ivi. <lb/>Errori, quanto alla ſcelta dei mura-<lb/># tori. # 13. 14 <lb/>Errori, quanto alla mala elezione del <lb/># tempo. # 16. 17 <lb/># Riſpetto ai fondamenti. # 17. 23. <lb/># 24 <lb/># Riſpetto alla mala elezione del <lb/># diſegno. # 17. 18 <lb/>Errori di queſto genere, cagione di <lb/># tutti gli errori. # 18. 19 <lb/># Provvedimenti dei Romani con-<lb/># tro a queſti errori. # 19 <lb/>Errori nel fabbricare. # 23. 24. & ſeq. <lb/># Riſpetto ai riſtauri. # 30 <lb/># Alla proporzione delle parti. # 32 <lb/>Errori di ſproporzione. # 32 <lb/># Riſpetto alle miſure. # 35 <lb/># Riſpetto alle membra degli orna-<lb/># menti. # 36 <lb/># Eſempj di queſti errori eſpoſti in <lb/># rame. # ivi. <lb/># Riſpetto alla diſpoſizione del com-<lb/># parto. # 37. 38 <lb/># Riſpetto al confondere gli Ordini <lb/># d’Architettura. # 38 <lb/># Riſpetto a collocar le coſe fuori <lb/># del loro luogo. # 38. 39 <lb/># Riſpetto alla poſizione delle par-<lb/># ti degli ornati. # 40 <lb/># Riſpetto ai fronteſpizj. # 41 <lb/># Riſpetto all’abuſo degli ornati. <lb/># 44 45 <lb/>Errori riſpetto all’inoſſervanza del de-<lb/># coro. # 49. 50 <lb/># Riſpetto al reo ammaſſamento del-<lb/># le pietre ec. # 50 <lb/># Riſpetto al reo collegamento. # ivi. <lb/># Riſpetto alle volte. # 51. 52. 53 <lb/># Riſpetto alla ſuperfluità, e al di-<lb/># fetto. # 53. 54 <lb/># Riſpetto alla collocazione dei cor-<lb/># pi. # 56 <lb/>Errori riſpetto al collocar le membra <lb/># fuori del loro luogo. # 58 <lb/># Riſpetto agli ornati delle porte. <lb/># ivi. <lb/>Errori, che ſi rilevano dopo fatta la <lb/># fabbrica. # 59. 60 <lb/># Riſpetto ai coprimenti. # 61. 62. 63 <lb/># Riſpetto alla mala cura delle fab-<lb/># briche fatte. # 65. 66 <lb/>Errori, quanto ai condotti, ciſterne, <lb/># cloache, ec. # 67 <lb/># Riſpetto ai cavamenti preſſo ai <lb/># fondamenti. # 67. 68 <lb/># Riſpetto ai tagliamenti delle mu-<lb/># raglie. # 68 <lb/></note> <pb o="76" file="0092" n="92"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/># Riſpetto ai riſtauramenti. # 70 <lb/>Eſaſtico. Qual portico ſia. # 53 <lb/>Euclide, citato. # 56 <lb/>F <lb/>Fabbrica, ſua rea eſpoſizione. Suo <lb/># comparto. Errori nell’ ornato. # 8 <lb/>Fabbrica d’una Città. Suo compar-<lb/># to. # 22 <lb/>Fabbrica. Quando proceda ſenza er-<lb/># rori. # 23 <lb/>Fabbricatori. Loro requiſiti. # 13. 14 <lb/>Fabbriche diſapprovate dai Curatori, <lb/># chi doveva rifarle. # 15 <lb/># Legge dei Romani ſopra di ciò. <lb/># ivi. <lb/># Paragonate alle piante. # 17 <lb/># Fatte con fretta non durano. # ivi. <lb/># Difetto nella lor forma. # 18 <lb/># Loro comodi, e biſogni. # ivi. <lb/>Fabbriche dei Regolari. # 22 <lb/>Fabbriche a volta, come debban diſ-<lb/># porſi. # 51 <lb/># Senza fondamenti che effetto pro-<lb/># ducano. # 54 <lb/># Fatte ſul vecchio, come debban <lb/># diſporſi. # 69 <lb/># Eſempio in rame. # ivi. <lb/>Faccia netta. Che ſia. # 37 <lb/>Facciata di S. Pietro di Roma. Suoi <lb/># errori. # 45. 49 <lb/>Faro d’Aleſſandria. Modello del Ro-<lb/>mano. # 28 <lb/>Ferramen. Che intendeſſero per que-<lb/># ſta voce gli Antichi. # 66 <lb/>Ferramenti. Quali non atti per le fab-<lb/># briche. # 13 <lb/>Ferretti, mattoni di qual qualità. # 11 <lb/># Per quali fabbriche non buoni. <lb/># ivi. <lb/># A quali uſi ſervano. # ivi. <lb/>Feſto Pompeo, citato. # 49 <lb/>Fine proporzionato, e naturale, qua-<lb/># le. # 38. 39 <lb/>Fine dell’oſſervazione riſpetto agli e-<lb/># difizj già fatti. # 65 <lb/>Fineſtre. Errori nel piantarle. # 34 <lb/>Firenze. Sua fabbrica degli Ufizj. # 11 <lb/>Fogne. Ove mal fatte. # 67 <lb/>Fondamenti. Come debbanſi fare. # 17 <lb/># Errori, che ſi commettono nel <lb/># fargli. # 23. 30 <lb/># Loro ſpecie enumerate. # ivi. <lb/># Loro diviſione. # 23. 27 <lb/># In acqua molto difficili a farſi, <lb/># e perchè. # 27 <lb/># Modi di fare i fondamenti. # 30. <lb/># 31 <lb/>Fondamenti con platèa, quali. # 31 <lb/># Con quaſi-platèa, quali. # ivi. <lb/># Eſempio in rame di tali fonda-<lb/># menti. # ivi. <lb/>Fondamenti ſenza platèa, quali. # ivi. <lb/># Con archi, quali. # ivi. <lb/>Fondi, Città della Chieſa. Sua Iſ-<lb/># crizione della porta di Tramontana <lb/># riferita. # 59 <lb/># Altra Iſcrizione del Ponte detto <lb/># Guara Capra. # 60 <lb/>Fontana, Architetto di Papa Siſto V. <lb/># 30 <lb/>Fontane. Ove ſi debban piantare. # 8 <lb/># Errori nel piantarle. # ivi. <lb/># Di qual materia ſi debban fare. <lb/># ivi. <lb/>Fornaci degli Antichi. Loro pramma-<lb/># tiche. # 12 <lb/>Fornaci per mattoni. Loro neceſſità. <lb/># 64 <lb/>Foro Romano. Sue colonne. # 19 <lb/>Fortificazione naturale preferibile all’ <lb/># artifiziale. # 7 <lb/>Fregio. Suo Ufizio. # 45 <lb/>Fronteſpizj. Errori intorno ad eſſi. # 41 <lb/># Coſtume degli Antichi riſpetto a <lb/># ciò. # ivi. <lb/>G <lb/>Galeno. Come dilungaſſe la Peſtilen-<lb/># za da Roma. # 6 <lb/>Gamucci, Bernardo, citato. # 57. 62 <lb/>Gellio, Aulo, citato. # 35 <lb/>Giovanni Genoveſe, Fra, citato. # 19. <lb/># 20 <lb/>Giove Capitolino. Suo Tempio. # 62 <lb/>Giuſtiniano Imperatore, citato. # 22 <lb/># Sua Legge, per la Città di Co-<lb/># ſtantinopoli. # ivi. <lb/>Gocciolatojo. Suo uſo. # 58 <lb/># Quando ſuperfluo. # ivi. <lb/>Groſſezze delle parti. Lor proporzio-<lb/># ni. # 32 <lb/># Regole intorno ad eſſe. # 54 <lb/>I <lb/>Impalcature. Come debbanſi pianta-<lb/># re. # 65 <lb/>Impoſta delle volte. Sua proporzio-<lb/># ne. # 32 <lb/>Impoſte delle fineſtre. Lor proporzio-<lb/># ne. # ivi. <lb/>Inclinazione dei muri, come s’accre-<lb/>ſca proſeguendo. # 38 <lb/>Inghilterra. Qualità della ſua aria. # 7 <lb/></note> <pb o="77" file="0093" n="93"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>Intagliatori, perchè nocevoli alla buo-<lb/># na Architettura. # 45 <lb/>Interſepio, che ſia. # 22 <lb/>Invenzione. Sua copia perchè non ba-<lb/># ſti per la buona fabbrica. # 71 <lb/>I<unsure/>onica, baſe. # 40 <lb/>Ipocrate, come dilungaſſe la Peſtilen-<lb/># za da Atene. # 6 <lb/>Iſcrizione antica in S. Giovanni Mag-<lb/># giore di Napoli. # 20. 21 <lb/># Legge contenutavi riſpetto alle <lb/># Fabbriche. # 21 <lb/>Iſcrizioni pertinenti ai Curatori delle <lb/># Fabbriche riferite. # 59. 60 <lb/>L <lb/>Laqueari. Loro forma, eloro uſo. # 64 <lb/>Larghezze delle parti. Loro propor-<lb/># zioni. # 32 <lb/>Laſtrichi per coprimenti. # 63 <lb/># Errori riſpetto ai medeſimi. # 63. <lb/># 64 <lb/>Laterali, e loro ſproporzione. # 34 <lb/>Laterano, S. Giovanni in. Suo palaz-<lb/># zo biaſimato. # 17 <lb/>Laterizia. Opera, quale. # 10 <lb/>Lavori, perchè ſi miſurino a giorna-<lb/># te. # 17 <lb/>Leccio, perchè non buono per travi. <lb/># 11 <lb/>Legatura buona delle fabbriche, qua-<lb/># le. # 50. 51 <lb/>Leggi de’Romani contro gli errori del-<lb/># le fabbriche riferite. # 18. 19 <lb/>Legge Giulia repetund. # ivi. <lb/># Contro Cajo Verre. # 22 <lb/>Legge, che dovrebbe farſi per le fab-<lb/># briche. # ivi. <lb/>Legge Eccleſiaſtica riſpetto al Titolo, o <lb/># Fronte delle Chieſe. # 50 <lb/>Legnami. Loro ſcelta. # 11 <lb/>Legnami buoni per coprimenti, qua-<lb/># li. # 62 <lb/># Come acquiſtino ree qualità. # ivi. <lb/># Errori riſpetto alle loro lunghez-<lb/># ze, e groſſezze. # ivi. <lb/># Tagliati in mala ſtagione. # ivi. <lb/>Legno. Ornati proprj del medeſimo, <lb/># diſdicevoli nelle fabbriche di pie-<lb/># tra. # 45 <lb/>Ligori Pietro, citato # 52 <lb/>Linea del piombo. Sua neceſſità nel-<lb/># le fabbriche. # 38 <lb/>Longara di Roma. Sue Iſcrizioni ec. <lb/># riſpetto ai Curatori delle fabbriche <lb/># riferite. # 60 <lb/>Lontananza. Suo effetto riſpetto alle <lb/># grandezze. # 36 <lb/>Lumi delle fabbriche, come difettoſi. <lb/># 18 <lb/>Luoghi alti, che fondamenti voglia-<lb/># no. # 30 <lb/>Luoghi baſſi, umidi, ec., quali. # ivi. <lb/>I vicini al mare, a laghi, fiumi, ec. <lb/># quali. # ivi. <lb/>I poſti in pendìo, quali. # ivi. <lb/>M <lb/>Macìa, mucchio di ſaſſi. # 9 <lb/>Mal uſo, e ſuoi effetti. # 3 <lb/>Maniere Greca, e Romana traſcura-<lb/># te, che producano. # 71 <lb/>Mantenimento, e perpetuità delle fab-<lb/># briche, come ſi procuri. # 61 <lb/>Marcello. Suo Teatro. # 53 <lb/>Marmo, ove mal collocato. # 11 <lb/>Maſſa, Niccolò. Suo parere dell’Aria <lb/># di Venezia. # 6 <lb/>Materiali. Loro rea ſcelta. # 8 <lb/># Reo effetto di ciò. # 8. 9 <lb/># Onde ſi ricevano i Materiali. # 9 <lb/># Quali dalla Natura, quali dall’ <lb/># Arte. # ivi. <lb/>Mattoni. Loro buone, e loro ree qua-<lb/># lità. # 11. 12 <lb/># Vecchi. Loro qualità. # 13 <lb/>Mattoni. Eſempio de’mattoni Roma-<lb/># ni Antichi. # 12 <lb/>Mattoni di Marſilia. Loro qualità. <lb/># 52. 53. <lb/># Generi de’ mattoni antichi de-<lb/># ſcritti. # 13 <lb/># Dovevano approvarſi dai Magi-<lb/># ſtrati. # 13. 14 <lb/>Mattoni degli Antichi. Loro qualità <lb/># imitabile. # 64 <lb/># Loro miſure. # ivi. <lb/>Marziale. Del Bagno di Tucca. # 9. <lb/># 10 <lb/># De’Templi naſcenti. # 54 <lb/># Dell’Anfiteatro per adulazione at-<lb/># tribuito a Domiziano Imp. # 57 <lb/>Medicina. Suo elogio. # 3 <lb/># Suo fine. # ivi e 59 <lb/>Membra della fabbrica. Quando difet-<lb/># toſe. # 18 <lb/># Loro ecceſſo. # 54 <lb/>Membra degli ornamenti. Errori in-<lb/># torno ad eſſe. # 36. 45 <lb/>Membra collocate fuori del loro luo-<lb/># go. # 58 <lb/>Menſole. Ove debban porſi. # 58 <lb/></note> <pb o="78" file="0094" n="94"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>Mercuriale Girolamo, citato. # 52 <lb/>Mezzane. Loro uſo. # 63 <lb/>Mine degli Antichi. # 67. 68 <lb/>Miſure. Errori riſpetto ad eſſe. # 35 <lb/># Loro mal uſo. # ivi. <lb/>Modiglioni. Loro uſo. # 58 <lb/>Monaſteri, Chieſe, e ſimili, ove, e <lb/># come debbanſi fabbricare. # 8 <lb/>Monte Savello di Roma. # 53 <lb/>Monte Teſtaccio di Roma. # 63 <lb/>Morga. Quale ſpezie di terra. # 24 <lb/>Moſtrarſi in falſo. Che ſia. # 46 <lb/>Mura vecchie. Perchè non vi ſi deb-<lb/>ba por carico. # 68. 69 <lb/># Come debbanſi unir colle nuo-<lb/># ve. # 70 <lb/>Muraglia. Quando ceda a motivo de’ <lb/># fondamenti. # 39 <lb/>Muratori. Loro artifizj pregiudiziali. <lb/># 14. 15 <lb/># Perchè è male, che ſieno fore-<lb/># ſtieri. # 15 <lb/># Condizioni neceſſarie per ſervir-<lb/># ſene. # 16 <lb/># Come dovrebbonſi obbligare per <lb/># Legge. # 22 <lb/>Muri. Quando fanno corpo, che co-<lb/>ſa indichino. # 67 <lb/>N <lb/>Napoli. Suo porto biaſimato, e per-<lb/># chè. # 7 <lb/># Perchè le muraglie delle ſue fab-<lb/># briche ſi aprano. # 10 <lb/># Suoi laſtrichi in vece di tetti. <lb/># 63 <lb/>Natura, maeſtra dell’Arte. # 53 <lb/>Navi. Come atte per fondamenti. <lb/># 28. 29 <lb/>Nerone Imp. Suo porto. # 30 <lb/># Roverſcio di ſua Medaglia rela-<lb/># tivo a queſto. # ivi. <lb/>Nicea. Sua fabbrica notata da Pli-<lb/># nio. # 10 <lb/>Numero uniforme riſpetto alle fabbri-<lb/># che, quale. # 38 <lb/># Difettoſo, e ſuperfluo, quale. <lb/># ivi. <lb/>O <lb/>Obeliſco poſto da C. C. Caligola nel <lb/># Circo del Vaticano. # 30 <lb/>Olimpico. Stadio, come miſurato. <lb/># 35 <lb/>Olmo. Perchè poco atto per le fab-<lb/># briche. # 11 <lb/>Opera ruſtica. Suo uſo. # 59 <lb/>Opera uniforme, quale ſia. # 69 <lb/>Operaj non atti a far l’Archittetto, <lb/># quali. # 70. 71 <lb/>Oppio, perchè non buono per le fab-<lb/># briche. # 11 <lb/>Orazio Flacco, citato. # 49 <lb/>Ordinazione mal diſpoſta. Suoi rei ef-<lb/># fetti. # 17. 18 <lb/>Ordine. Suo uſo, e ſuo mal uſo. # 38 <lb/>Ordine delle parti mutato, qual erro-<lb/># re. # 56 <lb/>Ordine buono delle fabbriche, quale. <lb/># 70. 71 <lb/>Ordini d’Architettura enunciati. # 38 <lb/># Come debbanſi oſſervare nel pian-<lb/># tare le colonne. # 58 <lb/>Orefici. Loro fantaſie nocive alle fab-<lb/># briche. # 45 <lb/>Ornamenti delle fabbriche. # 8 <lb/># Errori nel diſporgli. # ivi. <lb/>Ornati delle fabbriche moderni, cat-<lb/># tivi, e perchè. # 45 <lb/># Loro rei effetti. # 45. 46 <lb/>Oſſervazione ſopra le fabbriche fatte, <lb/># quanto neceſſaria. # 65. 66 <lb/>Ovidio, citato. # 38 <lb/>P <lb/>Palazzi in iſola. Onde originati. # 22 <lb/>Palchi, e loro uſo. # 63 <lb/>Palificate. Quando debban farſi nei <lb/># fondamenti. # 27 <lb/>Palmo antico Romano deſcritto. # 35 <lb/># Moderno. # ivi. <lb/>Pancirolo Guido, citato. # 22 <lb/>Parti principali, non principali, ag-<lb/># giunte, quali. # 39 <lb/># Loro ordine mutato, error ſom-<lb/># mo. # 56 <lb/>Peprino, ſpecie di macigno. Sua qua-<lb/># lità. # 11 <lb/>Perfezione delle fabbriche, quale. # 32 <lb/>Peruzzi Baldaſſarre, citato. # 34 <lb/>Petrarca Franceſco, citato. # 7 <lb/>Pianella. Sue qualità. # 64 <lb/>Piè d’Ercole, quale. # 35 <lb/>Pietra. Non ammette ornamento pro-<lb/># prio del legno. # 45 <lb/>Pietre, e loro qualità. # 9 <lb/>Pietre naturali. Lor qualità. # 10 <lb/># Quali ritengan meglio la calci-<lb/># na. # ivi. <lb/>Pietre tenere, e pietre forti. # 10 <lb/>Pietre lavorate ſottili, perchè non buo-<lb/># ne per le fabbriche. # 38 <lb/></note> <pb o="79" file="0095" n="95"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>Pietre di Genova. Loro uſo. # 62 <lb/>Pilaſtri, diverſamente fabbricati dalle <lb/># colonne. # 19 <lb/># Errori nel piantargli. # 34 <lb/># Quando mal collocati. Regole an-<lb/># tiche per ciò. Quando ben po-<lb/># ſti. # 46 <lb/>Piombo. Suo uſo per coprimenti. # 62. <lb/># 63 <lb/>Pittori, perchè nocevoli all’Architet-<lb/># tura. # 45. 71 <lb/>Platea de’fondamenti, quale. # 30. 31 <lb/># Quaſi-platea che ſignifichi. # 31 <lb/>Plenilunio contrario al taglio de’legna-<lb/># mi. # 11 <lb/>Plinio il Giovane, citato. # 10. 12. 13. <lb/># 29 <lb/>Plinio il Vecchio, citato. # 28. 53. 57. <lb/># 58 <lb/>Ponte Ceſtio deſcritto. # 14 <lb/>Ponti, ove mal piantati. # 7. 8 <lb/>Porta Pia di Roma, eſaminata. # 58 <lb/>Porte. Errori riſpetto alle medeſime. <lb/># 39 <lb/># Errore riſpetto ai loro ornati. # 58 <lb/>Porti, ove mal piantati. # 7 <lb/># Quei di Napoli, e d’Ancona cat-<lb/># tivi, e perchè. # ivi. <lb/># Come quel di Napoli ſi rendereb-<lb/># be migliore. # ivi. <lb/># Loro fondamenti. # 28 <lb/>Portico di Pompeo. # 33 <lb/>Porto di Trajano deſcritto. # 29 <lb/>Poſizioni delle parti degli ornati. # 40 <lb/># Suoi errori. # ivi. <lb/>Pratica. Suo ultimo termine, quale. <lb/># 5 <lb/>Primavera, contraria al taglio de’le-<lb/># gnami. # 11 <lb/># Buona per fabbricare. # 17 <lb/>Proporzione delle parti in che conſi-<lb/># ſta. # 32 <lb/># Errori degli Architetti riſpetto a <lb/># ciò. # ivi. <lb/>Proporzioni riſpetto al collocamento <lb/># dei corpi della fabbrica. # 56 <lb/>Proſpettiva. Neceſſità di ſua cognizio-<lb/># ne. # 36 <lb/>Proverbio riſguardante le fabbriche ma-<lb/># linteſo. # 5 <lb/>Providenza definita. # 5 <lb/>Provvedimenti degli Antichi riſpetto <lb/># alle fabbriche. # 61 <lb/>Puzzolana, e ſue buone qualità. # 9 <lb/># Suo uſo. # ivi. <lb/>Q <lb/>Quadrante. Suo uſo per le fabbriche. <lb/># 34. 35 <lb/>Quadroni. Che ſpecie di mattoni ſie-<lb/># no. # 64 <lb/># Loro uſo. # ivi. <lb/>Quadruccio. Che ſorte di mattone ſia. <lb/># 64 <lb/># Suo uſo. # ivi. <lb/>Quantità continua. # 38 <lb/># Diſcreta. # ivi. <lb/>Quercia. Perchè non buona per tra-<lb/># vi. # 11 <lb/># Che indizio dia della qualità del <lb/># terreno, ove alligna. # 23 <lb/>R <lb/>Rabonio. Suo detto intorno al Tem-<lb/># pio di Caſtore. # 19 <lb/>Ragione di Proſpettiva. # 34 <lb/># Quale errore il non ſeguirla. # 34 <lb/># 35 <lb/>Redentori delle fabbriche preſſo i Ro-<lb/># mani. # 59 <lb/>Regola. Ciò, che debba, e ciò, che <lb/># non debba farla nell’Architettura. <lb/># 41 <lb/>Regolo dell’Architrave. # 58 <lb/>Rena. Sua rea qualità. # 9 <lb/># Di quella di cava qual debba ſce-<lb/># glierſi. # ivi. <lb/>Rena groſſa, perchè cattiva. # 9 <lb/># Pietroſa, quale. # ivi. <lb/># Terroſa, quale. # ivi. <lb/>Rena di mare, perchè non buona per <lb/># l’impaſto della calcina. # 10 <lb/>Riquadratura del vano. # 45 <lb/>Rito, riſpetto al Fronteſpizio delle <lb/># Chieſe. # 50 <lb/>Riſtauramenti. Come debbon farſi. <lb/># 70 <lb/># Loro fine. # ivi. <lb/># Errori riſpetto ai medeſimi. # ivi. <lb/># In quante guiſe ſi facciano. # 70. <lb/># 71 <lb/>Romani. Loro provvedimenti contro <lb/># gli errori delle fabbriche. # 18. 19 <lb/>Rompimenti d’ornato, ove proprj, <lb/># ove nò. # 59 <lb/>Roveſcio della Medaglia di Tito Di-<lb/># dio eſpoſto. # 34 <lb/></note> <pb o="80" file="0096" n="96"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>S <lb/>Saettoni, che ſieno. # 24 <lb/>Sarcitector. Che intendeſſero gli An-<lb/># tichi per queſta voce. # 20 <lb/>Scelta del Sito. Sua neceſſità. # 6 <lb/>Scienza contemplativa, e ſuo fine. # 3 <lb/>Scienza morale, e ſuo fine. # ivi. <lb/>Scolo dei coprimenti, quanto neceſ-<lb/># ſario. # 64. 65 <lb/>Scultori non atti all’Architettura, e <lb/># perchè. # 71 <lb/># Loro ufizio, quale. # 71. 72 <lb/>Sculture minute, ove mal collocate. <lb/># 38 <lb/>Seſoſtri. Sua prodigioſa fabbrica. # 7 <lb/>Seſquialtera proporzione, quale. # 58 <lb/>Seſto di mezzo cerchio, dove uſato. <lb/># 51 <lb/>Severo Imp. Sua fabbrica per l’In-<lb/># ghilterra. # 7 <lb/>Siena. Suo uſo antico di murare ri-<lb/># provato. # 9 <lb/>Siſto V. Papa. Suo Obeliſco. # 30 <lb/># Traſportato a S. Pietro. # ivi. <lb/>Siti atti a fabbricarvi. # 6 <lb/># Loro diviſione. # ivi. <lb/>Soffitte, come debbanſi fabbricare. <lb/># 64 <lb/>Soliare Cella, onde così detta. # 52 <lb/>Spanna, palmo. # 35 <lb/>Sparziano, citato. # 52 <lb/>Speroni per fondamenti, come debban <lb/># farſi. # 24 <lb/># Per riſtauramenti, come. # 70 <lb/>Spiagge, che fondamenti richieggano. <lb/># 30 <lb/>Spitama, che ſia. # 35 <lb/>Sproporzione delle fabbriche. # 32 <lb/># Suoi mali effetti. # ivi. <lb/>Stadio Olimpico. # 35 <lb/>Sua miſura. # ivi. <lb/>Stagioni atte per fabbricare, quali. <lb/># 17 <lb/>Stuccatori nocivi all’ Archittetura. <lb/># 45 <lb/>Studj, e Accademie, ove mal fabbri-<lb/># cate. # 8 <lb/>Studio delle fabbriche antiche di Ro-<lb/># ma utiliſſimo agli Architetti. # 65 <lb/>Sugo petrificante, quale. # 28 <lb/>Superfluità ſproporzionata, quale. # 58 <lb/>T <lb/>Tagliamenti delle muraglie, come <lb/># debban farſi. # 68 <lb/># Errori intorno a ciò. # ivi. <lb/>Teatri antichi. # 34 <lb/>Teatro di Nicea, male edificato, e <lb/># perchè. # 10 <lb/># Lungo paſſo di Plinio il Giova-<lb/># ne ſu tal propoſito. # ivi. <lb/>Teatro di Marcello. # 53 <lb/>Tegole per i coprimenti, di che qua-<lb/># lità. # 62 <lb/># Loro forma, ed eſempio in ra-<lb/># me. # ivi. <lb/>Tegole di bronzo degli Antichi. # 62. <lb/># 63 <lb/># Loro uſo. # ivi. <lb/>Tempio di Caſtore deſcritto. # 14. 19 <lb/>Tempio di S. Pietro di Roma. # 32. 36 <lb/># Sue ſproporzioni. # ivi. <lb/>Tempio ſteſſo eſaminato. # 45. 49. 50 <lb/>Tempio della Pietà di Roma. # 53 <lb/>Templi. Loro ſproporzione. # 35 <lb/>Templi naſcenti, quali. # 54 <lb/>Tempo, e ſua definizione. # 5. 16. 17 <lb/># Sua diviſione. # ivi. <lb/>Tempo atto a fabbricare, quale. # 16. <lb/># 17 <lb/>Tentativo di diſegno, che ſia. # 18 <lb/>Terme Antonine, deſcritte. # 52 <lb/>Terra, come diſpoſta a falde. # 24 <lb/>Terreno ſtabile, quale. # 23 <lb/># Cedente, e mal fermo, quale. <lb/># ivi. <lb/># Arenoſo, ſmoſſo, ec. # ivi. <lb/># Sue diviſioni, e condizioni. # 23. <lb/># 24 <lb/>Terreno ſaſſoſo buono per fondamen-<lb/># ti. # 27 <lb/># Roſſo, viſcoſo, e penetrabile, <lb/># quali qualità. # 28 <lb/>Terreno de’gioghi non buono per fon-<lb/># damenti, e perchè. # 30 <lb/>Teſoro dell’Architettura, citato. # 22 <lb/>Tetti. Materiali migliori per coprir-<lb/># gli, quali. # 62 <lb/>Tiſchio, qual pietra ſia. # 27 <lb/>Titolo. Che coſa s’intenda per que-<lb/>ſta voce. # 49 <lb/>Torre del pulcino di Siena, deſcrit-<lb/># ta. # 54 <lb/>Torre de’Veneziani vicino a Meſtre, <lb/># Caſtello. # 27 <lb/>Torre del Faro del Porto Romano, <lb/># come fondata. # 28 <lb/></note> <pb o="81" file="0097" n="97"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>Torri. Loro uſo. # 56 <lb/># Perchè le tonde s’antepongono al-<lb/># le angolari. # ivi. <lb/>Toſcana. Colonna. # 40 <lb/>Toſcano. Ordine. # 39 <lb/>Travertino poroſo. # 11 <lb/># Sua rea qualità. # ivi. <lb/>Travertino, quando ſi debba porre in <lb/># opera. # 11 <lb/>Tribunali, ove bene, ove mal fabbri-<lb/># cati. # 8 <lb/>Triclinio, onde così detto. # 52 <lb/>Triglifi. # 58 <lb/>Tufo. Suo uſo. # 9 <lb/>Tufo di Toſcana. # 10 <lb/># Quali lavori ſe ne poſſan fare. <lb/># ivi. <lb/>Tufo bianco. Sua qualità. # 10 <lb/>Tufo nero. # ivi. <lb/># Non buono per fondamenti. # 27 <lb/>Tutolo, che ſia. # 49 <lb/>V <lb/>Valli. Che fondamenti richieggano. <lb/># 30 <lb/>Vani. Loro ſproporzione. # 34 <lb/># Quando mal collocati. # 58. 59 <lb/># Errori riſpetto al numero, alla <lb/># poſizione, ec. # ivi. <lb/>Vano fra le volte dannoſo, e perchè. <lb/># 64 <lb/>Varrone. Suo avviſo dell’aria della Gal-<lb/># lia di là dal Reno. # 7 <lb/>Vaticano. Palazzo, e Tempio. Loro <lb/># coprimenti. # 63 <lb/>Vecchio. Fabbriche ſul vecchio non <lb/># durevoli. # 30 <lb/>Vene del terreno, che indizione dia-<lb/># no. # 24 <lb/>Venezia. Suoi laſtrichi per tetti. # 63 <lb/>Venti nocivi, quali. # 6 <lb/># Opinione d’Ipocrate, di Teofra-<lb/># ſto, e di Plinio intorno a ciò, <lb/># ivi. <lb/>Veſpaſiano. Suo Anfiteatro. # 57. 58 <lb/>Vie ſotterranee, ove pregiudiziali. # 67. <lb/># 68 <lb/>Villa pubblica di Tito Didio. # 34 <lb/>Vitruvio, citato. # 6.9.13.35.49.53.56.63 <lb/>Volta a botte. # 65 <lb/># A vela. # ivi. <lb/># A tutto ſeſto. # ivi. <lb/># Piana. # ivi. <lb/>Volta a capiſtèo, e a mezza botte <lb/># 65 <lb/>Volta a crociera. # 65 <lb/># A peducci, e a conca. # ivi. <lb/>Volte delle fabbriche, come debbano <lb/># farſi. # 51 <lb/># Come le fabbricaſſero gli Anti-<lb/># chi. # ivi. <lb/>Volte delle terme Diocleziane. # ivi. <lb/># Loro eſempio in rame. # ivi. <lb/># Di quali materie le faceſſero gli <lb/># Antichi. # 52. 53 <lb/># Il diſarmarle troppo preſto nuo-<lb/>ce. # 53 <lb/># Rea coſa il farle troppo ſottili. <lb/># ivi. <lb/>Volte finte, quali. # 53 <lb/>Volte della Sapienza di Napoli biaſi-<lb/># mate. # ivi. <lb/>Volte, come debbanſi fabbricare. # 64 <lb/>U <lb/>Umidità nelle fabbriche, quando ſi <lb/># cangi in tartaro. # 66 <lb/># Nociva, quando, come, edove. <lb/># 67 <lb/>Z <lb/>Zoccolo. Suo uſo. # 57 <lb/></note> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div53" type="section" level="1" n="53"> <head xml:id="echoid-head61" xml:space="preserve">FINE DELL’ INDICE.</head> <pb file="0098" n="98"/> <pb file="0099" n="99"/> <figure> <image file="0099-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0099-01"/> </figure> <pb file="0100" n="100"/> <pb file="0101" n="101"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div54" type="section" level="1" n="54"> <head xml:id="echoid-head62" xml:space="preserve">OSSERVAZIONI <lb/>DI <lb/>ANTONIO VISENTINI</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head63" xml:space="preserve">ARCHITETTO VENETO <lb/>CHE SERVONO DI CONTINUAZIONE <lb/>ALTRATTATO DI</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head64" xml:space="preserve">TEOFILO GALLACCINI <lb/>SOPRA GLI ERRORI <lb/>DEGLI <lb/>ARCHITETTI</head> <figure> <image file="0101-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0101-01"/> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div55" type="section" level="1" n="55"> <head xml:id="echoid-head65" xml:space="preserve">VENEZIA</head> <figure> <image file="0101-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0101-02"/> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div56" type="section" level="1" n="56"> <head xml:id="echoid-head66" xml:space="preserve">MDCCLXXI.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head67" xml:space="preserve">Per <emph style="sc">Giambatista</emph> <emph style="sc">Pasquali</emph>.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head68" style="it" xml:space="preserve">CON LICENZA DE’ SUPERIORI, E PRIVILEGIO.</head> <pb file="0102" n="102"/> <pb o="iij" file="0103" n="103"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div57" type="section" level="1" n="57"> <head xml:id="echoid-head69" xml:space="preserve">INDICE <lb/>DELLE MATERIE <lb/>PER ORDINE ALFABETICO.</head> <figure> <image file="0103-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0103-01"/> </figure> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/>A <lb/>ALtare. Cima vizioſa del medeſimo. <lb/># pag.44 <lb/># Suo diſegno Tavola XVIII. <lb/>-maggiore moderno di San Luca di <lb/># Venezia, ſuoi difetti. # 72. 73. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXII <lb/># Come ſi potrebbe correggere. # 73. <lb/># Diſegno corretto Tav. XXXII. <lb/>-ſcompoſto in San Stefano di Vene-<lb/># zia. # 81. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXVI. <lb/>-maggiore vizioſo nella Chieſa della <lb/># Celeſtia di Venezia. # 83. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXVII. <lb/>-maggiore dei Carmelitani Scalzi di <lb/># Venezia vizioſo. # 87. 88. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXIX. <lb/>-diſunito in S. Franceſco della Vigna <lb/># di Venezia. # 100. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLV. <lb/>-vizioſo in San Salvadore di Vene-<lb/># zia. # 104. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLVII. <lb/># Simili ſcorrezioni rilevate in altre Chie-<lb/># ſe. # ivi. <lb/>Anacleto Papa. Che operaſſe nella Baſili-<lb/># ca Vaticana. # 10. <lb/>Anfiteatro di Pola. # 3, 11. <lb/>Apollo Pannonio, ſuo Tempio. # 59. <lb/>Architettura, ſuoi difetti generali eſpo-<lb/># ſti. # 1. <lb/># A quali claſſi ſi riducano. # ivi. <lb/>Archi difettoſi nel Carmine di Venezia. <lb/># 102. <lb/># Suoi diſegni Tav. XLVI. <lb/>-In aria in varie Chieſe di Venezia. <lb/># 106. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. XLVIII. <lb/>Arco vizioſo in S. Caſſano di Venezia. # 79. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXV. <lb/>-difettoſo nella Chieſa de’Geſuiti di <lb/># Venezia. # 96. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLIII. <lb/>-vizioſo nella Chieſa di San Polo di <lb/># Venezia. # 98. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLIV. <lb/># Altro ſimile in S. Bartolommeo. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-difettoſo in San Baſilio di Venezia. <lb/># 100. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLV. <lb/>-e Fronteſpizio ſimile in San Silve-<lb/># ſtro. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno, Tavola medeſima. <lb/>-vizioſo nella Chieſa di S. Niccolò di <lb/># Venezia. # III. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. L. <lb/>-Simile in quella de’Geſuiti. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>B <lb/>BArozzi, Jacopo da Vignola ſua ope-<lb/># ra nella Baſilica Vaticana. # 10. <lb/>Benedetto XIV. Papa, ſua opera nella Ro-<lb/># tonda di Roma. # 18. e ſeg. <lb/>Bernini Cavaliere Architetto citato. # 10. <lb/># 46. <lb/>Borromini, Architetto biaſimato. # 46. <lb/>Bramante, Architetto citato, e lodato. <lb/># 10. 129. <lb/>Buonarroti, Michel Agnolo citato. # 10. 46. <lb/>C <lb/>CApitello vizioſo nel Depoſito di Luca <lb/># Zeno nei Frari di Venezia. # 107. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLIX. <lb/># Altro ſimile nel Depoſito di M. Trevi-<lb/># ſano. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-Dorico vizioſo nel Collegio de’Ge-<lb/># ſuiti. # 107. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLIX. <lb/># Altri ſimili. # 108. <lb/>Cariate. Loro iſtoria. # 118. <lb/>Carli Rubbi, Gian Rinaldo C. Sue ſcoper-<lb/># te ſull’Anfiteatro di Pola. # 3. <lb/>Chieſa de’SS. Apoſtoli di Venezia. Suo <lb/># interno vizioſo. # 66. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXIX. <lb/>-del S. Sepolcro diſettoſa. # 126. <lb/>Cima d’altare vizioſa in S. Luca di Ve-<lb/># nezia. # 70. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXI. <lb/>-d’altare difettoſa in S. Apollinare di <lb/></note> <pb o="iv" file="0104" n="104"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/># Venezia. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno. Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-e nellaChieſa dei Serviti di Venezia. <lb/># ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-d’altare vizioſa in S. Marcelliano di <lb/># Venezia. # 79. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXV. <lb/>-nella Chieſa di S. Stefano di Vene-<lb/># zia. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-d’altare ſcorretta nella Chieſa de’Ge-<lb/># ſuiti di Venezia. # 81. <lb/># Suo di ſegno Tav. XXXVI. <lb/>-d’Altare vizioſa nella Chieſa de’Ser-<lb/># viti di Venezia. # 85. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXVIII. <lb/>-ſimile in S. Giuliano di Venezia. # ivi. <lb/>-altra ſimile nella ſteſſa Chieſa. # ivi. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-dell’ altare Contarini alla Madonna <lb/># dell’Orto vizioſa. # 85. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXVIII. <lb/>-d’altare ſcorretta nella Chieſa de’Ge-<lb/># ſuiti di Venezia. # 92. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLI. <lb/>-d’altare vizioſa in S. Pietro di Ca-<lb/># ſtello in Venezia. # 94. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XIII. <lb/>-d’altare ſcorretta nella Madonna dell’ <lb/># Orto di Venezia. # 104. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLVII. <lb/>-d’altare vizioſa in S. Pantaleone di <lb/># Venezia. # 120. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LV. <lb/>Colonne mal poſte in S. Gio: Criſoſtomo <lb/># di Venezia. # 55. <lb/># Lor diſegno Tav. XXIV. <lb/>-abuſo nel collocarle. # 132. <lb/>-ſpirali. Diſcorſo ſopra le medeſime. <lb/># 140. <lb/>Cornice Dorica nelle Procuratie Nuove. <lb/># Suoi difetti. # 62. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXVII. <lb/>-impropria in S. Giuſtina, e in San <lb/># Pantaleone di Venezia. # 83. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. XXXVII. <lb/>-forzata ſull’altare del Criſto agli Scal-<lb/># zi di Venezia. # 90. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XL. <lb/># Altra ad arco in detta Chieſa cenſura-<lb/># ta. # ivi. <lb/># Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-irregolare in S. Bartolommeo di Ve-<lb/># nezia. # 94. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLII. <lb/>Coſtantino Magno primo Fondatore della <lb/># Baſilica Vaticana. # 10. <lb/>Cupola della Salute. Difetti, che vi ſi ri-<lb/># levano. # 68. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXX. <lb/>D <lb/>DEpoſito del Doge Venier in S. Salva-<lb/># dore di Venezia difettoſo. # 96. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLIII. <lb/># Altri depoſiti difettoſi eſpoſti. # ivi. <lb/>-dei Dogi Valier in SS. Giovanni e <lb/># Paolo di Venezia difettoſo. # 102. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLVI. <lb/>-del Doge da Peſaro vizioſo. # 118. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LIII. <lb/>Deſgodets, Architetto lodato. # 16. <lb/>E <lb/>ERrori dell’ Architettura. Sotto quali <lb/># Claſſi ſi riducano. # 1. e ſegg. <lb/>F <lb/>FAcciata della Chieſa di S. Giorgio de’ <lb/># Greci di Venezia, ſuoi difetti. # 77. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXIV. <lb/>Falconetto Giammaria Architetto citato. <lb/># 62. <lb/>Fineſtra, e Loggia nel Palazzo P. Quirina-<lb/># le. Loro difetti. # 3. <lb/># Loro diſegno Tavola I. <lb/>-del Palazzo dei Conſervatori di Ro-<lb/># ma. Sua novità vizioſà. # 3. 4. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. I. <lb/>-nella Cupola della Sapienza di Ro-<lb/># ma. Suoi diſetti. # 25. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. IX. <lb/>-nel Palazzo Barberini di Roma. Suoi <lb/># difetti. # 27. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. X. <lb/>-del piano nobile del Palazzo del Prin-<lb/># cipe Pio in Roma vizioſa. # 27. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. X. <lb/>-della facciata del Palazzo di Villa <lb/># Borgheſe. Suoi errori. # 31. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XII. <lb/>-ſuperiore della Baſilica Vaticana. Suoi <lb/># difetti. # 33. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XIII. <lb/>-della facciata di S. Giorgio de’Gre-<lb/># ci di Venezia. Suoi errori. # 75. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXIII. <lb/>-ſopra la facciata di S. Giminiano di <lb/># Venezia. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-male ornata nei Carmelitani Scalzi <lb/># di Venezia. # 92. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLI. <lb/>Fineſtre nel ſecond’Ordine della facciata <lb/># del Collegio di Propaganda fide di <lb/># Roma. Loro difetti. # 8. <lb/># Loro diſegno Tav. III. <lb/>-della facciata del Palazzo Baccelli di <lb/></note> <pb o="V" file="0105" n="105"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/># Roma. Loro errori. # 27. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. X. <lb/>-con colonne, ec. mal piantate. # 129. <lb/># 130. 132. 133. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. LX. <lb/>Fontana Cavaliere Architetto citato. # 10. <lb/># 12. <lb/>Fronteſpizio d’altare vizioſo in S. Salva-<lb/># dore di Venezia. # 106. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XLVIII. <lb/>-dell’Altare del Criſto in S. Geremia, <lb/># vizioſo. # 120. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LIV. <lb/>-dei quattro Altari in S. Margherita <lb/># di Venezia difettoſo. # 122. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LVI. <lb/>G <lb/>GAlaccini Teofilo lodato. # 1. 2. 8. 29. <lb/># 46. 53. 77. 81. <lb/>Gallo (Antonio da San). Sua opera nella <lb/># Baſilica Vaticana. # 10. <lb/>Giuliano da S. Gallo, citato. # ivi. <lb/>Giulio II. Papa. Sua Opera nella Baſilica <lb/># Vaticana. # ivi. <lb/>M <lb/>MAderni Carlo. Sua opera nella Ba-<lb/>ſilica Vaticana. # 10. <lb/>N <lb/>NIccbj con colonne, ec. impropriſſi-<lb/># mi. # 134. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. LXI. <lb/>Niccbio della ſtatua di S ant Ignazio nella <lb/># Chieſa de’Geſuiti di Venezia. Suoi <lb/># difetti. # 133. 134. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LXI. <lb/>Niccolò V. Papa. Sua opera nella Baſilica <lb/># Vaticana. # 10. <lb/>P <lb/>PAlladio Architetto citato. # 25. 29. 40. <lb/># 59. 66. 68. 72. 87. 88. 129. 133. <lb/>Pantbeon. Vedi Rotonda. <lb/>Paolo V. Papa. Sua opera nella Baſilica <lb/># Vaticana. # 10. <lb/>Pergolato ſulla porta del Palazzo Algarot-<lb/># ti di Venezia. Suoi errori. # 75. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXIII. <lb/>Peruzzi Baldaſſarre, Architetto citato. # 10. <lb/>Peſi poſti ſul falſo. Conſiderazioni intor-<lb/># no a queſto errore. # 118. <lb/>Piano dell’Opera. # 1. <lb/>-e arcata della Scala del Palazzo di <lb/># Spagna in Venezia difettoſi. # 126. <lb/># Loro diſegno Tav. LVIII. <lb/>Piediſtalli. Loro uſo ſuperfluo. # 124. 125. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. LVII. <lb/>Pilaſtri tagliati, qual difetto. # 57. <lb/># Loro diſegno Tav. XXV. <lb/>-della Cappella Maggiore di S. Maria <lb/># de’Miracoli di Venezia. Loro di-<lb/># fetti. # 118. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. LIII. <lb/>Piraneſi, ſuo intaglio della Baſilica Vatica. <lb/># na. # 11. <lb/>Porta interna nel Palazzo Borgheſe di Ro-<lb/># ma. Suoi errori. # 4. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. I. <lb/>-nella Chieſa di S. Gio: Laterano di <lb/># Roma. Suoi difetti. # 6. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. II. <lb/>-interiore della Chieſa di S. Martino <lb/># di Venezia. # 6. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. II. <lb/>Porta delle due piccole della facciata di <lb/># S. Pietro di Roma. Suoi difetti. # 8. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. III. <lb/>-entro la Baſilica Vaticana. Suoi er-<lb/># rori. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-del Collegio di Propaganda di Roma, <lb/># difettoſa. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-Principale nella Sala dello ſteſſo Col-<lb/># legio. Suoi errori. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-nel portico ſuperiore del Palazzo del-<lb/># la Sapienza di Roma. Suoi errori. <lb/># 23. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. VIII. <lb/>-nel Clauſtro de’PP. Filippini di Ro-<lb/># ma. Suoi errori. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-Pia, una delle Porte della Città di <lb/># Roma. Suoi difetti. # 29. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XI. <lb/>-del Palazzo dei NN. CC. Sermoneta <lb/># di Roma. Suoi errori. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-del Palazzo di Villa Borgheſe. Suoi <lb/># difetti. # 31. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XII. <lb/>-dell’Oſpizio a Ponte Siſto in Roma. <lb/># Suoi errori. # 31. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XII. <lb/>-del Palazzo Aleſſandrino. Suoi difet-<lb/># ti. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-del Palazzo Cenci alla Dogana di Ro-<lb/># ma. Suoi difetti. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-del Palazzo Altieri di Roma, vizioſa. <lb/># 33. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XIII. <lb/>-in Campidoglio nella nuova Fabbri-<lb/># ca. Suoi difetti. # ivi. <lb/></note> <pb o="vj" file="0106" n="106"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-nel ſecond’ ordine del Palazzo Vati-<lb/># cano. Suoi errori. # 33. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XIII. <lb/>-con ringhiera nel Palazzo Panfili di <lb/># Roma. Suoi difetti. # 35. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XIV. <lb/>-del Palazzo della Sapienza di Roma. <lb/># Suoi difetti. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-del Palazzo di S. A. R. il Gran Duca <lb/># di Toſcana in Roma. Suoi difetti. <lb/># 37. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XV. <lb/>-del Palazzo del Senator di Roma. <lb/># Suoi errori. # 39. e ſeg. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XVI. <lb/>-del Palazzo del Principe Grillo di Ro-<lb/># ma, vizioſa. # 40. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XVII. <lb/>-del Palazzo Lancellotti in Roma. <lb/># Suoi errori. # 43. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XVIII. <lb/>-nel Fondaco dei Tedeſchi di Venezia. <lb/># Suoi errori. # 50. e ſeg. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXI. <lb/>-ſul piano della Scala del Palazzo Ci-<lb/># vran in Venezia, vizioſa. # 51. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-della Sagreſtia di S. Maria de’Mira-<lb/># coli di Venezia. Suoi errori. # 53. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXIII. <lb/>-laterale di detta Chieſa. Suoi difet-<lb/># ti. # 53. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXIII. <lb/>-della Chieſa di S. Martino in Vene-<lb/># zia, vizioſa. # 57. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXV. <lb/>-di riva del Palazzo Peſaro di Venezia, <lb/># difettoſa. # 59. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXVI. <lb/>-d’Ordine Dorico al Ponte dell’aceto <lb/># a’SS. Gio: e Paolo in Venezia. Suoi <lb/># diſetti. # 62. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXVII. <lb/>-del Campanile di S. Bartolommeo di <lb/># Venezia. Suoi errori. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-ruſtica dietro alla Chieſa di S. Ma-<lb/># ria Formoſa in Venezia, Vizioſa. <lb/># 64. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXVIII. <lb/>-altra della ſteſſa Chieſa. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-del Palazzo Cavagnis a S. Severo in <lb/># Venezia. Suoi diſetti. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-del Palazzo Grimani a San Luca in <lb/># Venezia. # 66. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXIX. <lb/>-bizzarra nella facciata della Chieſa <lb/># de’PP. Geſuiti di Venezia. # 116. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LII. <lb/>-del Palazzo Piſani a San Angiolo in <lb/># Venezia. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-della ſagreſtia in S. Lio (S. Leone) <lb/># di Venezia, difettoſa. # 122. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LVI. <lb/>-nuova della Chieſa di S. Niccolò di <lb/># Venezia. # 126. 127. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LIX. <lb/>-nel ſecondo Clauſtro dei Frari di Ve-<lb/># nezia, difettoſe. # 120. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. LIV. <lb/>Pozzo ornato nello ſteſſo Clauſtro difetto-<lb/># ſo. # 122. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. LVI. <lb/>Pozzi Padre, ec. Architetto biaſimato. <lb/># 39. 43. 46. <lb/>Proporzioni di fineſtre, nicchj, ec. vizio-<lb/># ſamente poſti. # 129. 130. <lb/>Pulpiti, e porte laterali in S. Baſilio di <lb/># Venezia. # 127. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. LIX. <lb/>R <lb/>RIfteſſi ſopra lo ſtato preſente dell’Ar-<lb/># chitettura. # 2. <lb/>Rimenati ſproporzionati di varie Chiefe <lb/># di Venezia. # 83. <lb/>Rimenato vizioſo in S. Maria Zobenigo <lb/># di Venezia. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXXVII. <lb/>Ringbiera difettoſa del Palazzo Grimani <lb/># a S. Luca in Venezia. # 113. <lb/>-altra ſimile nel Palazzo Peſaro. ivi. <lb/>-altra ſimile nel Palazzo Cornaro in <lb/># calle della Regina. # ivi. e 114. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. LI. <lb/>Ringhiere difettoſe eſpoſte. # 37. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. XV. <lb/>Roma. Vizj di ſua moderna Architettu-<lb/># ra. # 8. <lb/>Roſelini, Antonio Architetto. Sua opera <lb/># per la Baſilica Vaticata. # 10. <lb/>Rotonda. Errori ſcoperti nel moderno di <lb/># queſta Fabbrica. # 16. <lb/># Diſegni della medeſima Tav. V. <lb/>-Riſtauri biaſimati. # 18. <lb/># Diſegno dei riſtauri Tav. VI. <lb/>-come andrebbe accomodata. # 21. <lb/># Nuovo diſegno di ciò Tav. VII. <lb/>S <lb/>SCamoccio, Architetto citato. # 62. <lb/># Serraglie d’archi improprie. # 136. 137. <lb/>Soglia di porta nella Chieſa di S. Barna-<lb/># ba di Venezia, ſuoi ſoſtamziali di-<lb/># fetti. # 51. <lb/></note> <pb o="vij" file="0107" n="107"/> <note position="right" xml:space="preserve"> <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. XXI. <lb/>-di porta nel Palazzo Graſſii di Ve-<lb/># nezia. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>-di fineſtra nella Scuola di S. Angiolo <lb/># di Venezia. # ivi. <lb/># Suo diſegno Tav. medeſima. <lb/>Soglie difettoſe, quali. # 50. <lb/>-aggravate ſul falſo. # 59. <lb/># Loro diſegni Tav. XXVI. <lb/>V <lb/>VAticano, Tempio. Errori nella ſua <lb/># eſterna, ed interna Architettura e-<lb/># ſpoſti. # 10. e ſeg. <lb/># Diſegno della parte interna Tav. IV. <lb/>Venezia, eſame delle ſue Fabbriche. # 50. <lb/># e ſeg. <lb/>Veroneſe, Frate Jacopo Architetto citato. <lb/># 10. <lb/>Vicentini Antonio, Autore. Motivi, che <lb/># lo hanno determinato a queſt’ o-<lb/># pera. # 2. e ſeg. <lb/>Vignola Architetto citato. # 46. 62. <lb/>Vitruvio citato. # 25. 59. 132. <lb/>Vittone Antonio Architetto biaſimato. # 46. <lb/># Suoi diſegni difettoſi Tavole XIX. XX. <lb/># XXII. <lb/></note> <pb file="0108" n="108"/> <pb o="1" file="0109" n="109"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div58" type="section" level="1" n="58"> <head xml:id="echoid-head70" xml:space="preserve">OSSERVAZIONI <lb/>SOPRA <lb/>GLI ERRORI DEGLI ARCHITETTI.</head> <figure> <image file="0109-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0109-01"/> </figure> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div59" type="section" level="1" n="59"> <head xml:id="echoid-head71" xml:space="preserve">CAPO PRIMO.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2480" xml:space="preserve">COL preſente Capitolo ſi porranno ſotto gli occhi i pernicioſiſſimi errori intro-<lb/>dotti dagli Architetti del preſente Secolo, che deformano la bellezza, e la <lb/>grazia della ſempre lodevole ſtudiata Architettura, che viene grandemente alterata <lb/>da chi ſcherza bizzarramente, comecchè l’Architettura foſſe un’arte ſoggetta alla <lb/>moda: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2481" xml:space="preserve">coſa falſiſſima, poichè ella ha per direttore l’ottimo, e perfetto regolamento <lb/>delle Parti, che la compongono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2482" xml:space="preserve">Laonde io Antonio Vicentini Veneziano, non già <lb/>per moleſtare i ſaggi, e periti Architetti da me perpetuamente e ſtimati, e com-<lb/>mendati, ma per dilungar l’abuſo de’licenzioſi, e ſcorretti, che guaſtano il magni-<lb/>fico, e degno di lode, e che fanno ſcapito al buon ordine poſitivo dell’eſſer ſuo an-<lb/>tico, e buono, imprendo la preſente fatica.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2483" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2484" xml:space="preserve">Seguo pertanto in ciò le tracce di Teofilo Galaccini inveſtigatore diligentiſſimo <lb/>degli errori dell’ Architettura, che correvano al tempo ſuo, avendone egli nel ſuo <lb/>Manoſcritto molto a lungo trattato in ogni guiſa, e di più ſtimolando i poſteri, <lb/>rinvenendone de’ nuovi, ad unirgli a queſti ſuoi, affinchè veggiano gli ſtudioſi la <lb/>ſomma importanza d’eſſer pienamente informati di tutto quello, che ſconcia la no-<lb/>biltà d’una tal Arte, eſſendo ſempre vero, che i buoni Architetti, i quali regolata-<lb/>mente ſi ſono ſerviti dei cinque Ordini dell’Architettura nelle loro fabbriche, hanno <lb/>conſervato perpetuamente il buon ſiſtema delle parti medeſime, nè mai hanno ab-<lb/>bandonato con irregolarità il retto lor fine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2485" xml:space="preserve">Su queſte tracce, io ripeto, conviene <lb/>anche a me il farmi ora ad oſſervare certi diſdicevoli ripieghi, così detti da chi <lb/>volle ſoſtenere il ſuo bizzarro intendere, facendo fare comparſa Scenica a quelle coſe, <lb/>che in tutto e per tutto debbon conſervare la naturale ſolidità, parte principale dell’ <lb/>Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2486" xml:space="preserve">Si ſono ai dì noſtri inoltrati a ſegno gli errori, che ſi può dire, eſſer <lb/>rinato l’uſo della barbara, e ſconcia Architettura, collo ſcherzare, cioè, e muover le <lb/>cornici, i fronteſpizj, e gli archi ſteſſi irregolarmente, e fuor del dovere, facendo-<lb/>gli poſare ſul falſo, e fuori del piombo, tagliati, e ſciolti dall’unione, e legamento <lb/>delle parti medeſime, che armonicamente debbonſi tenere unite, e conſonanti per la <lb/>buona lor nobiltà, altra Parte importantiſſima alla ſteſſa Architettura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2487" xml:space="preserve">a tal fine io <lb/>ne eſporrò gli eſempj rilevati dalle medeſime fabbriche in tu@te le maniere; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2488" xml:space="preserve">lo che <lb/>ſervirà per maggior teſtimonianza di quanto aſſeriſco; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2489" xml:space="preserve">e queſti de’Templi e d’altro, <lb/>che poſſa approvare la ragione, ed il buon modo di maneggiare l’Architettura, e <lb/>non confondere, o alterare gli Ordini ſteſſi, in guiſa che non ſi rilevi, qual ſia il <lb/>ſuperiore, o l’inferiore, accavalcandogli l’uno ſopra l’altro, ſiccome ho in varj luo-<lb/>ghi oſſervato, come altresì ſoglie di porte, e di fineſtre peſanti, ed eziandio certe <lb/>cime d’Altari piene di ſtravagante bizzarria, fuori del buon guſto, che ſono piut-<lb/>toſto chimere, che Architettura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2490" xml:space="preserve">e per meglio eſprimere il mio penſiero, e l’incoe-<lb/>renza di così fatti abuſi, e diſordini, ad onta degli ottimi inſegnamenti laſciatici <lb/>dai noſtri Maggiori, ſembrami acconciſſima la comparazione del corpo umano, che <lb/>nel ſuo compleſſo d’oſlature, e di muſcoli, parti al ſuo ſoſtentamento, e leggiadria <lb/>neceſſarie; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2491" xml:space="preserve">ſe queſte ſieno diſordinate o per iſtirature di braccia, o di gambe, o per <lb/>isforzi di vita, viene a perdere eſſo corpo tutta la ſua forza, e vigor naturale: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2492" xml:space="preserve">nel-<lb/>la guiſa ſteſſa l’Architettura, allorchè fia slegata, o sforzata più del dovere nelle <lb/>ſue parti, ſia nelle cornici, ſcherzando fuor di propoſito, ſia nei fronteſpizj tagliati <lb/>ſgarbatamente, eccedendo ſoverchio in altezza, o formandogli gonfi, ſtravolti, in-<lb/>cartocciati, e fuori del vivo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2493" xml:space="preserve">Stiracchiature ſon queſte, che diſordinano il naturale <lb/>loro eſſere, ed il fine, per cui ſono ſtati dalla ſteſſa Architettura introdotti, e ten-<lb/>dono a deformare il ſodo, e la gentilezza, con cui debon eſſer uſati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2494" xml:space="preserve">Dai quì eſpo-<lb/>ſti eſempj ſi rileverà maggiormente il da me detto, e ſi comprenderà, quanto im-<lb/>porti, che ſi eſcluda vizio tanto pernicioſo ad Arte così nobile, e così perfetta.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2495" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="2" file="0110" n="110" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div60" type="section" level="1" n="60"> <head xml:id="echoid-head72" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Rifleſſi ſopra il preſente ſtato dell’ Architettura.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2496" xml:space="preserve">Convien quì per farci meglio intendere il conſiderare, qual giovamento ne verrebbe <lb/>a un infermo, ſe dopo che il Medico l’aveſſe viſitato, ed aveſſegli con attenzione ta-<lb/>ſtato il polſo, conoſciuto non aveſſe la natura della febbre, e del morbo, che lo ſcom-<lb/>pone, e diſordina, e poſcia non gli ordinaſſe i rimedj atti a riſanarlo? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2497" xml:space="preserve">Tutto cer-<lb/>tamente ſarebbe inutile, mentre languirebbe il pover uomo abbandonato al ſuo ma-<lb/>le. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2498" xml:space="preserve">Mi figuro io adunque di vedere nel medeſimo deplorabile ſtato l’Architettura, <lb/>omai quaſi cadente per la febbre attaccatale dagl’imperiti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2499" xml:space="preserve">e veggio oramai il male <lb/>tanto avanzato, che la miſera ſi trova a mal partito, e quaſi diſſi, abbandonata. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2500" xml:space="preserve">Se le oſſervazioni degli ſconvolgimenti d’ordini preſſochè irrimediabili fanno toccar <lb/>con mano quanto aſſeriſco, nulladimeno credo neceſſario il farci a diligentemente <lb/>eſaminare tutte quelle circoſtanze, ed errori, che finora l’hanno oppreſſa, ed eſpo-<lb/>ſta così diſordinata, e mancante di quelle parti, che realmente ſe le ſpettano, per <lb/>ricovrarla nel primiero perfetto eſſer ſuo, sì importante, non meno per la ſua ſti-<lb/>mabilità, che ſempre mai ſu conſiderata, che ancora per i vantaggj, ed utilità di <lb/>quei ſoggetti, i quali bramano le loro abitazioni comode non meno, che decoroſe <lb/>per ſe, e per la ſteſſa lor Patria.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2501" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2502" xml:space="preserve">I rimedj adunque a ciò conducenti, ſieno tutti quei proficui avvertimenti, ed <lb/>iſtruzioni ſomminiſtrateci dall’ erudito Sig. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2503" xml:space="preserve">Teoſilo Galaccini, non ſolo per la norma <lb/>di bene operare, ma eziandio per tutte quelle informazioni, e documenti dal mede-<lb/>ſimo laſciatici col ſolo fine di render perſetto l’Artefice.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2504" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2505" xml:space="preserve">A queſta ſua fatica s’aggiungano gli accennati viſibili errori, eſpoſti con figure, <lb/>affinchè meglio vengano rilevati, e fuggiti, ſcoperti, diſegnati, e intagliati da me <lb/>Antonio Vicentini Veneto, accompagnati da giuſti dicevoli rifleſſi, e da convincenti <lb/>ragioni: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2506" xml:space="preserve">e queſto coll’unica mira di reſtituire la primiera ſalute, e ſtato perfetto all’ <lb/>Architettura da qualche tempo gravemente ammalata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2507" xml:space="preserve">Giuſti motivi ſon queſti, per <lb/>mio avviſo, e tali, che mi hanno determinato a penſare non ſolo al vantaggio dell’ <lb/>Arte, ma altresì al decoro della ſteſſa mia Patria, della quale mi glorio eſſer figlio, <lb/>e per la quale non ceſſerò mai di affaticarmi giuſta mia poſſa.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2508" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2509" xml:space="preserve">Potrei dir molto di più intorno a ciò: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2510" xml:space="preserve">ma mi ſtenderò di vantaggio, allorchè trat-<lb/>terò dei cinque Ordini partitamente, eſponendo per minuto ciaſcheduna lor parte, per <lb/>più intelligenza di chiccheſia, che voglia a tale ſtudio applicarſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2511" xml:space="preserve">e con ciò verremo a <lb/>rimettere nel ſuo vero eſſere la bellezza dell’antica Architettura Greca, e Romana. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2512" xml:space="preserve">Pre-<lb/>go il Sommo Dator d’ogni bene, che ſi degni concedermi vita, eſanità, ond’io poſſa <lb/>affaticarmi pel profitto degli ſtudenti, ſendo in eſtremo portato a ſar sì, che la bell’ <lb/>Arte, ſe fia poſſibile riſorga, ſicchè continui, come lo fu già, ad eſſere la delizia dei <lb/>Monarchi, che ſervironſene per innalzare Archi pei loro Trionfi, ſontuoſi Edifizj a lor <lb/>gloria immortale; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2513" xml:space="preserve">come altresì continui a coltivarſi ed eſſer prezzata nella noſtra Do-<lb/>minante eterna Repubblica, ove i copioſi magnifizj Edifizj dimoſtrano il genio grande <lb/>e magnifico dei nobili Cittadini di tal Arte protettori, e vaghi oltremodo di nobilitar <lb/>ſempre più la loro immortal Patria, dalla qual protezione ne è originato il luſtro <lb/>maggiore dell’Arti Liberali; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2514" xml:space="preserve">e ſingolarmente dell’ Architettura ſonoſi eſſi ſegnalati al <lb/>par dei Romani, vantando quel pregio, che potrebbe dirſi inarrivabile, per la mae-<lb/>ſtà e moltiplicità delle loro magnifiche fabbriche, Templj, Palagj, ed altri ſontuoſi <lb/>Edifizj, de’quali abbonda, e va ſuperba la bella Città Dominante di Venezia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2515" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2516" xml:space="preserve">Poichè convien fare alcuno eſame intorno agli errori, o difetti del corpo umano, <lb/>ſarà bene, che incominciamo dal Corpo, eſaminando, ſe abbia deformità, che lo <lb/>renda ſconcio, e privo di quella perſezione, che ſe gli conviene; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2517" xml:space="preserve">così è proprio il <lb/>farſi prima di tutto a ſcuoprire gli errori commeſſi dagli Architetti mal pratici, e <lb/>poco avveduti, sì nell’operare, che nel maneggiare la nobile e bella Architettura, <lb/>in tutte le ſue parti, e conſiderazioni ſempre perſetta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2518" xml:space="preserve">Conviene pertanto cominciar <lb/>da Roma Capo primario di grandi, e magnifiche ſabbriche, sì antiche, che moder-<lb/>ne. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2519" xml:space="preserve">Le oſſervazioni, che ſi faranno ſopra alcuna ſua antichità, non ſaranno mai per <lb/>detrarre alla ſua ſtima, ma bensì per ammaeſtrarci. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2520" xml:space="preserve">Quelle poi, che ſi ſaranno in-<lb/>torno alle fabbriche moderne, ſerviranno per maniſeſtare ciò, che ſia errore, e di-<lb/>fetto, ſempre da ſchivarſi, con avere in avvenire più l’occhio al decoro di queſt’ <lb/>Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2521" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2522" xml:space="preserve">Le figure, che quì appreſſo eſporrò, ſono già a comune contezza, non ſolo per le <lb/>fabbriche ſteſſe, che eſiſtono, ma eziandio per le molte ſtampe pubblicate in varj <pb o="3" file="0111" n="111" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> tempi sì di palagj, che di vedute, e ve ne ha in buon numero; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2523" xml:space="preserve">dalle quali raccol-<lb/>te molte ne ho tratte, come altresì da altre ſtampe particolari, che ho voluto ve-<lb/>dere, affinchè ciò, che viene aſſerito, abbia il ſuo fondamento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2524" xml:space="preserve">e perchè mai io non <lb/>poſſa eſſer tacciato di non averle vedute, o eſaminate, dichiarandomi di non aggiun-<lb/>gere un’ jota di più di quello, che ho veduto eſpreſſo in eſſe ſtampe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2525" xml:space="preserve">e ſe per av-<lb/>ventura vi ſoſſe alcuna coſa, che non ſi rilevaſſe giuſta, e a norma della mia eſpo-<lb/>ſizione, ciò potrebbe accadere, o per alcuno errore, che ſoſſe nelle ſtampe eſpoſte, <lb/>oppure nelle ſabbriche ſteſſe vi foſſe alcuna coſa ſtata migliorata , come bramerei , <lb/>che foſſe pel maggior decoro e perfezione delle fabbriche diviſate.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2526" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div61" type="section" level="1" n="61"> <head xml:id="echoid-head73" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra, e Loggia della Benedizione nel Palazzo Pontificio al Quirinale.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2527" xml:space="preserve">Figura, che dimoſtra la fineſtra, o ſia Loggia della Benedizione nel Palazzo Pon-<lb/>tiſicio al Quirinale, in cui ſi rilevano diverſi errori commeſſi dall’ Architetto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2528" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2529" xml:space="preserve">Diremo adunque, come l’arco di queſta fineſtra, che ſi ſtende a ridoſſo dell’ Ar-<lb/>chitrave, e tutto lo cuopre, viene a togliere al medeſimo il ſuo uſizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2530" xml:space="preserve">Il difetto <lb/>ſteſſiſſimo ſi rileva altresì nell’ arco della porta del Palazzo Chigi, che taglia, e <lb/>cuopre tutto l’ Architrave nella guiſa ſteſſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2531" xml:space="preserve">coſa affatto deforme, non v’ eſſendo ra-<lb/>gione alcuna, che poſſa ammettere cotali ſcherzi, nè coſa eſtendovi, che altri ſcu-<lb/>ſar poſſa da tale errore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2532" xml:space="preserve">E ſe per avventura mi ſi poneſſero innanzi da taluno le <lb/>quattro arcate, due delle quali fanno l’ ufizio di portoni nell’ Anfiteatro di Pola, <lb/>riſponderò, che anche queſte tagliano l’ Architrave corrente: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2533" xml:space="preserve">e ſe mi ſi diceſſe, che <lb/>eſſendo queſta fabbrica antica, può ſervire d’eſemplare, e può imitarſi, ſecondo la <lb/>relazione delle ſcoperte fatte ſopra tale Anfiteatro dal Conte Gian-Rinaldo Carli Rub-<lb/>bi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2534" xml:space="preserve">riſponderò di nuovo, che il porre in pratica ſiffatto abuſo è ſtato, è ſarà per-<lb/>petuamente un errore da ſchivarſi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2535" xml:space="preserve">tanto più, che ſopra l’ arco a bel principio divi-<lb/>ſato, trovaſi collocata la Statua della Vergine ſedente col Bambino in braccio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2536" xml:space="preserve">im-<lb/>perciocchè è certo, che queſta ſigura per ſedere dee occupare dello ſpazio, e quì non <lb/>può eſſervi ſe non quel poco, che tiene lo ſporgimento della cornice dell’ arco e <lb/>della teſtolina del Cherubino, che forma ſerraglia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2537" xml:space="preserve">nè ſervirà il dire, che le poche <lb/>nuvole poſte a’ fianchi, le quali pure appoggiano ſopra l’ arco, facciano comparire <lb/>la ſtatua in aria, e ſoſtentata dalle medeſime: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2538" xml:space="preserve">nè tampoco ſi dee ſupporre ſcherzo <lb/>pittoreſco, poichè in tal caſo le nuvole dovrebbero eſſer moſſe in altro modo più <lb/>bizzarro, e non appoggiate come ſi trovano, a modo di piediſtallo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2539" xml:space="preserve">Se ſi oſſerverà <lb/>pertanto il preſente diſegno, ſi rileverà meglio quanto eſpongo, con queſto di più, <lb/>cioè, che la ſteſſa cornice gli paſſa dietro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2540" xml:space="preserve">e queſta in vece di formargli ſedia, la <lb/>ſpinge in fuori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2541" xml:space="preserve">nè mai può approvarſi un tal penſiero, qualora ſupporre non ſi <lb/>voleſſe, che foſle un’ Immagine dipinta ſopra una tavola, e non una Statua di pie-<lb/>tra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2542" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſerva inoltre, che il medeſimo fronteſpizio ſopprappoſto, ſorpaſſa colla pun-<lb/>ta, e taglia la cornice ſuperiore fin ſotto al gocciolatojo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2543" xml:space="preserve">ſconcerti ſomiglianti ban-<lb/>diſcono il buono, ed inſegnano ai poſteri errare a man ſalva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2544" xml:space="preserve">Quanto mai ſtupireb-<lb/>bero in faccia a tali errori gli Antichi Maeſtri d’ Architettura, che appunto ſi ſpac-<lb/>ciano battezzandogli per bizzarrie! Non inſegnarono eſſi giammai coſe tanto ſconce, <lb/>come poſſiamo oſſervare dalle fabbriche dell’ antica Roma, il cui gran pregio non <lb/>eſtingueraſſi giammai: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2545" xml:space="preserve">ed eſſa ſola ſervir dovrebbe di conſuſione alla moderna Ro-<lb/>ma, la quale non fa moſtra che d’ Architettura licenzioſa e teatrale piena d’ imba-<lb/>razzi e ſtorpiature, come rilevaſi dalle ſteſſe moderne fabbriche.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2546" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div62" type="section" level="1" n="62"> <head xml:id="echoid-head74" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra di mezzo nel Palazzo dei Conſervatori di Roma.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2547" xml:space="preserve">Dalla novità di queſta fineſtra, che rappreſenta piuttoſto un’arcova da camera, <lb/>che una fineſtra principale in una facciata di Palazzo famoſo in Roma, ſi rileva l’ <lb/>Architetto, che ne fu autore lontaniſſimo dal ſano penſare, non meno riſpetto alla <lb/>magniſicenza del ſito, che per intelligenza di ſoda Architettura, che certamente in <lb/>eſſa fineſtra tion ſi rileva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2548" xml:space="preserve">Poco vi vuole a riconoſcerla diſettoſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2549" xml:space="preserve">il vederla ſolo co-<lb/>sì mal concia nel rimenato, che appoggia sì male ſopra la cornice, che nulla aſ-<lb/>fatto corriſponde colla medeſima, fa conoſcere l’ eſſer ſuo falſo, e ſmunto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2550" xml:space="preserve">quin-<lb/>di conſiderando le due cartelle, che ſporgono in fuori ( mi ſo a credere, che ciò <lb/>ſia ad eſſetto di riſtringere il vano, che ſarebbe comparſo tozzo, ed anche per <lb/>ſupplire al ſoſtegno dello ſteſſo rimenato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2551" xml:space="preserve">ma tutto queſto forma comparſa teatra-<lb/>le, e nulla più ). </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2552" xml:space="preserve">Il fronteſpizio poi, che altro non ritiene, che la ſola gola, e il <pb o="4" file="0112" n="112" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> gocciolatojo, reſta povero, e ſecco, rompendo colla ſua cima l’ incaſſatura del riqua-<lb/>dro corniciato, che l’ abbraccia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2553" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2554" xml:space="preserve">Sarà dunque da avvertire, che tutte quelle ſigure, le quali s’ adornano in Archi-<lb/>tettura, altro fine aver non debbono, ſe non ſe quello, che richiede eſſa Architet-<lb/>tura per ſuo decoro, e maeſtà: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2555" xml:space="preserve">quindi ſi debbon bandire tutte le bagattelle, <lb/>che non poſſono eſſer commendabili, nè mai lo ſaranno preſſo i proſeſſori d’ottimo <lb/>guſto e perſetto, i quali ſeguono, e perpetuamente ſeguiranno l’ eſempio degli An-<lb/>tichi per conſervare la vera e perſetta Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2556" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div63" type="section" level="1" n="63"> <head xml:id="echoid-head75" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta interna nel Palazzo Borgheſe.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2557" xml:space="preserve">Appariſce queſta porta interna nel Palazzo Borgheſe con una ſoglia ſtravagante, perchè <lb/>nella mezzeria viene ad eſſer raddoppiata: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2558" xml:space="preserve">e ſiccome a ridoſſo è poſticcia, non ſi <lb/>ſa intendere, come regger ſi poſſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2559" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre la leſenadura di mezzo ſotto alla corni-<lb/>ce tiene le gocce, e il feſtoncino nel riquadro meſchiniſſimo, e diſacconcio ornato <lb/>ſopra una porta maeſtoſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2560" xml:space="preserve">ed è un nuovo argomento di ciò, che quì ſopra abbiam <lb/>detto, riſpetto agli ornati in Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2561" xml:space="preserve">In queſta porta non ſi rileva di buono, <lb/>che le alette ne’ſianchi cartellate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2562" xml:space="preserve">Che mai abbia penſato di fare l’ Architetto, non <lb/>ſaprei indovinarlo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2563" xml:space="preserve">dico bene, che ſiſſatte invenzioni non poſſon mai eſſer ammeſſe, <lb/>e che ſarà ſempre condannabile chi così penſa.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2564" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="5" file="0113" n="113" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0113-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0113-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0113-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0113-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption34" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra di mezzo al Palazzo <lb/>delli Sig.<emph style="sub">ri</emph> Conſervatori di Roma</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0113-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0113-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption35" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra è Loggia della Benedizione <lb/>nel Palazzo Pontiſicio <lb/>nel Quirinale.<lb/>Porta interna nel Palazzo Borghese</caption> </figure> <pb o="6" file="0114" n="114" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div64" type="section" level="1" n="64"> <head xml:id="echoid-head76" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta nella Chieſa di San Giovanni Laterano, che conduce nel Palazzo Lateranenſe.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2565" xml:space="preserve">Queſto sì, che veramente è un bel penſare! Unire due porte in una, quando una <lb/>ſola baſtava a formare la ſteſſa figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2566" xml:space="preserve">Ed a che ſerve mai l’ aver poſto lo ſtipite <lb/>delle due porte per dividere le medeſime, quando queſto ingombra, e non accreſce <lb/>nobiltà, anzi ſteriliſce la figura ſteſſa? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2567" xml:space="preserve">Vi ſarà forſe taluno, che per difender l’Ar-<lb/>chitetto, voglia dirci, che una tale larghezza non poteva aver proporzione coll’ al-<lb/>tezza, e che perciò venne forzato a prendere un ſiffatto ripiego? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2568" xml:space="preserve">Riſponderei io <lb/>pertanto a queſto tale, che i fori debbon eſſer perpetuamente accomodati al proprio <lb/>ſito; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2569" xml:space="preserve">e certamente l’Architetto dee uſare tutte quelle diligenze, ed oſſervazioni, che <lb/>poſſon convenire ad un tal ſito, per adoprarſi colla maggior bravura, e perizia poſ-<lb/>ſibile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2570" xml:space="preserve">Anche un ſol foro poteva farſi beniſſimo, variando la figura con quei miglio-<lb/>ri compenſi, che l’Arte può, e ſa ſuggerire, allorchè queſti vengano inteſi dall’Ar-<lb/>chitetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2571" xml:space="preserve">Non è da dubitare, che quell’ Architetto avendo penſato nella guiſa divi-<lb/>ſata, non abbia a un tempo ſteſſo creduto la coſa molto pellegrina, e bizzarra, <lb/>non accorgendoſi dell’inganno, che quindi riſultava, vale a dire, di tozzo, e pe-<lb/>ſante: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2572" xml:space="preserve">di tozzo, poichè la ſua luce in tutt’e due le porte è d’un ſolo quadrato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2573" xml:space="preserve">di <lb/>peſante, perchè il quadro, che forma la propria ſoglia colla ſiniſtra, che ſoſtiene la <lb/>ſopraccornice leſenata, e porta fronteſpizio fino alla mezzana di detto quadro, ve-<lb/>nendo tutto queſto a formare un gravoſo gruppo ſopra la ſoglia medeſima, taglia <lb/>inoltre l’architrave ſteſſo della propria cornice, ed il fronteſpizio poſtovi così ſcar-<lb/>ſo, e meſchino ſopra la gola della cornice, la quale deveſi certamente levare, per <lb/>dar maggior corpo allo ſteſſo fronteſpizio, e nel tempo medeſimo leggerezza alla ſteſ-<lb/>ſa cornice: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2574" xml:space="preserve">e poi conſiderando la figura di quei due Serafini così imbarazzata nelle <lb/>ſue ale, le quali ingombrano al traversìo il fronteſpizio, facendo comparſa confuſiſ-<lb/>ſima, e niente adorna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2575" xml:space="preserve">Tutto il buono, e il bello, che quì ſi può conſiderare, ſi <lb/>riſtringe alla ſola medaglia del Pontefice poſta nel mezzo, e meglio aſſai vi ſarebbe-<lb/>ro riuſciti due Angioletti poſti ſopra i fronteſpizj in atto di ſoſtenere con avvenenza <lb/>detta Medaglia, in vece di quegli aggruppati, e mal poſti Seraſini ( che null’ al-<lb/>tro poſſon rappreſentare che amore ) dove in queſto luogo non rappreſentano ſe non <lb/>confuſione, ſiti ingombrati, o per dir meglio ſtorpiature fatte alla perfetta Archi-<lb/>tettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2576" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div65" type="section" level="1" n="65"> <head xml:id="echoid-head77" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta interiore della chieſa di Santa Martina, e San Luca.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2577" xml:space="preserve">Queſta porta fra le molte oſſervate ha alcuna differenza a motivo del peſo poſto <lb/>ſopra la propria ſoglia, formando una zanca falſiſſima, e taglio al di ſotto, che ſca-<lb/>va la medeſima, riducendola più debole, e ſconcia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2578" xml:space="preserve">quindi i due riſalti con goc-<lb/>cie, che ſoſtengono a ſiniſtra il timpano, e fronteſpizio di peſante forma, tutto a <lb/>ridoſſo della ſuddetta ſoglia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2579" xml:space="preserve">queſta certamente non potrà mai dirſi grazioſa, e gen-<lb/>tile, ma ſarà ſempre biaſimata; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2580" xml:space="preserve">oltre di che lo ſteſſo timpano viene a tagliare la <lb/>cornice, che appoggia ſulla ſiniſtra dello ſtipite; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2581" xml:space="preserve">e queſta ſcompariſce, eſſendo tron-<lb/>ca; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2582" xml:space="preserve">come altresì il feſtone appeſo alla cartella, rimane tagliato, quantunque poſſa <lb/>ſupporſi, che paſſi dietro per unirſi nella mezzaria della ſiniſtra ſotto il timpano. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2583" xml:space="preserve">Ciò volendo ſupporre, convien dire, eſſer lo ſteſſo timpano in aria, non ſitto nel <lb/>muro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2584" xml:space="preserve">in ſomma ſiſiatte invenzioni non debbonſi mai porre in pratica, ove ſia vera <lb/>Architettura, che richiede ſolidità, e non aeree fantaſie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2585" xml:space="preserve">Queſto potrebbe ſtare, ſe <lb/>tutto il diſegno altro non foſſe, che cartelle, e fogliami, nel qual caſo altri tutto <lb/>ſi fa lecito per motivo del capriccioſo intreccio, coſe eſſendo tutte queſte, nelle qua-<lb/>li ſi può ſcherzare a talento, lo che non è lecito ove ſi tratta di ſeria Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2586" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="7" file="0115" n="115" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0115-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0115-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption36" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta nella Chiesa di <lb/>che conduce nel</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0115-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0115-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption37" style="it" xml:space="preserve">S. Giõ: in Laterano, <lb/>Palazzo Papale.<lb/>Porta di dentro della Chiesa di S.<emph style="sub">a</emph> Martina, è S. Luca.</caption> </figure> <pb o="8" file="0116" n="116" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div66" type="section" level="1" n="66"> <head xml:id="echoid-head78" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Una delle due picciole Porte poſte ſopra la facciata di San Pietro di Roma.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2587" xml:space="preserve">Picciola porta è queſta di meſchino ornamento poſta accanto alle tre maggiori <lb/>nella facciata di San Pietro fra gl’intercolunnj delle colonne principali, della quale, <lb/>come altresì delle fineſtre, ragiona il Galaccini a carte 76. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2588" xml:space="preserve">e 77. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2589" xml:space="preserve">E di vero com-<lb/>pariſce queſta porta più nicchia per una Statua, che porta d’un Tempio sì magni-<lb/>fico, e grande. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2590" xml:space="preserve">Ella è gretta, e meſchiniſſima. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2591" xml:space="preserve">Il ſolo vederla così piena di bagat-<lb/>telle, con iſconcia ſerraglia, e povera faſcia nell’arco, e ſenza impoſte, affatto pri-<lb/>va di quei requiſiti, che in quel ſito le converrebbero, fa giudicare, che meglio aſſai <lb/>ſtato ſarebbe il non porvela, mentre non corriſponde in parte menoma colle altre, <lb/>nè coll’ Architettura di tutto l’intiero compleſſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2592" xml:space="preserve">Errori ſon queſti, che moſtrano l’ <lb/>Architetto digiuniſſimo di quella cognizione, che è neceſſaria per rettamente operare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2593" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div67" type="section" level="1" n="67"> <head xml:id="echoid-head79" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta entro la Baſilica Vaticana.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2594" xml:space="preserve">Offervabile ſi è pure queſta porta per l’errore, che vi ſi rileva, ed è, che ſoſtie-<lb/>ne tutto il peſo della ſopraccornice in falſo, cioè, a ridoſſo della propria ſoglia, re-<lb/>ſtando la medeſima caricata oltre il dovere, e peſante anche per la ſua figura, la <lb/>quale appariſce dalla ſiniſtra medeſima, che lo alza ſopra il vano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2595" xml:space="preserve">E’ veramente <lb/>coſa da ſtordirſi il veder fare così reo uſo di quell’ Architettura, che quello ſoltanto <lb/>approva, che è ragionevole, e rigetta ciò, che è lontano dal vero, e perciò difet-<lb/>toſo, e mancante.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2596" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div68" type="section" level="1" n="68"> <head xml:id="echoid-head80" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta della Chieſa del Collegio di Propaganda Fide.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2597" xml:space="preserve">Non ſi può mai dire a baſtanza, quanto grande ſia l’errore di tagliar la propria <lb/>ſoglia con menſole, non potendo queſta mai eſſer tagliata, per non contraſtarle la <lb/>ſua forza naturale; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2598" xml:space="preserve">e tanto più, che la medeſima reſta aggravata dal peſo della pro-<lb/>pria cima, che le ſta al di ſopra con fronteſpizio, oltre l’ arme, e i feſtoni, coſe <lb/>tutte, che maggiormente l’opprimono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2599" xml:space="preserve">Tutto quello poi, che appariſce ornamento, <lb/>quì non fa il ſuo effetto, ma produce piuttoſto carico, e peſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2600" xml:space="preserve">( Anche le ſiniſtre <lb/>ne’ fianchi ſono ſtrette dai riquadri dei pilaſtri, che loro ſtanno appreſſo, ſenza ſa-<lb/>pere ove abbiano a terminare ). </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2601" xml:space="preserve">Bella coſa in vero operar ſenza ragione, e porre <lb/>ſoltanto la rama d’ olivo, od altra coſa attaccata al cartoccio, per occupare il vano, <lb/>e così confondere il termine dei medeſimi pilaſtri!</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div69" type="section" level="1" n="69"> <head xml:id="echoid-head81" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta principale dentro la Sala del medeſimo Collegio.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2602" xml:space="preserve">Dee dirſi anche di queſta porta, che trovaſi pure aggravata ſopra la ſoglia in buo-<lb/>na parte, e di peſantiſſima apparenza, oſſervandoſi nel rimenato la menſola grande <lb/>non leggiera, con le alette leſenate nei fianchi, dove termina la chiocciola del goc-<lb/>ciolatojo, ed appreſſo i due ſporgimenti di cornici, che compariſcono circolari, con <lb/>i<unsure/>ſcannellature, e goccie al di ſotto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2603" xml:space="preserve">coſe tutte, che non reggono ſecondo il dovere <lb/>dell’Arte: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2604" xml:space="preserve">ma ſono fantaſie mere ſognate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2605" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervo eziandio eſſer con frequenza pra-<lb/>ticato l’uſo dei Serafini così ingombrati nelle loro ale, i quali, in vece d’ apportar <lb/>leggerezza, moſtrano per lo contrario peſo, e goffezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2606" xml:space="preserve">Ciò, che oſſervo in queſta <lb/>porta, ſi rileva in altre moltiſſime in Roma. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2607" xml:space="preserve">Non ſi creda però, ch’ io ſia per con-<lb/>dannare l’uſo di tali Serafini; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2608" xml:space="preserve">anzi aſſeriſco, che vanno beniſſimo, allorchè vengan <lb/>poſti ne’ luoghi, e colle funzioni ad eſſi ſpettanti, decoroſamente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2609" xml:space="preserve">ma non poſſo <lb/>mai approvar la maniera, colla quale veggogli sì ſovente meſſi in opera.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2610" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div70" type="section" level="1" n="70"> <head xml:id="echoid-head82" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre nel ſecond’ Ordine della facciata dello ſteſſo Collegio.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2611" xml:space="preserve">Fra tutte le ſopraffineſtre di ſconcia figura, che ſi oſſervano nella facciata di que-<lb/>ſto Collegio, la preſente ſi diſtingue, che in ſe nulla ha di buono, e di bello. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2612" xml:space="preserve">Servirà il ſolo oſſervar la ſua forma, come è compoſta, e nel vedere que’ due cir-<lb/>coli cantonali poſtivi per accreſcerle gentilezza ( così almeno dee congetturarſi che <lb/>abbia creduto l’Architetto ) i quali girando nella coda all’ insù, ſi portano a ſoſte-<lb/>nere il proprio fronteſpizio, quando queſto ad altro non ſerve, che ad aggravare la <lb/>ſteſſa ſoglia, formando in tal modo una figura goffa, e niente leggiera. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2613" xml:space="preserve">Di tali ſtra-<lb/>vaganze è piena tutta Roma.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2614" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="9" file="0117" n="117" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0117-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0117-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0117-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0117-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption38" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Una delle due <lb/>picciole Porte poſte <lb/>sopra la facciala di <lb/>S. Pietro in Roma.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0117-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0117-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption39" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta principale dentro <lb/>la Sala del medeſimo <lb/>Collegio.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0117-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0117-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption40" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta entro la Baſilica <lb/>Vaticana.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0117-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0117-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption41" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta della Chieſa <lb/>del Collegio di Propaganda Fide.<lb/>Fineſtre <lb/>nel ſecond’ Ordine della <lb/>facciata dello ſteſſo Collegio.</caption> </figure> <pb o="10" file="0118" n="118" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div71" type="section" level="1" n="71"> <head xml:id="echoid-head83" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Errori diverſi di malinteſa Architettura, che ſi rilevano non meno dentro, <lb/>che fuori del Tempio Vaticano.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2615" xml:space="preserve">Il Cavalier Fontana nel ſecondo Libro della ſua Opera ai Capitoli terzo, e quar-<lb/>to, aſſeriſce, come intorno all’ anno 324. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2616" xml:space="preserve">di noſtra Redenzione, dopo la guerra di <lb/>Mezzenzio, da Coſtantino Magno fu eretta dopo il ſuo Batteſimo la Baſilica nel Va-<lb/>ticano, luogo delle Memorie di San Pietro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2617" xml:space="preserve">Che in quel luogo ſteſſo Anacleto Papa <lb/>ſopr’ eſſe Memorie, e Corpo di San Pietro, alzò l’ Oratorio, e il Cimiterio per i <lb/>Sommi Pontefici, ove appunto trovaſi al preſente la Confeſſione del nuovo Tempio. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2618" xml:space="preserve">Cominciò Coſtantino a imitazione dei XII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2619" xml:space="preserve">Apoſtoli a cavare dodici ſporte di terra <lb/>nel luogo, ove ſi era deſtinato di gettar i fondamenti d’eſſa Baſilica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2620" xml:space="preserve">La medeſima <lb/>fu fatta in forma di croce, di grande capacità, per includervi quei dati ſiti, nei <lb/>quali erano ſtati martirizzati tanti Criſtiani, e venne finalmente eſſa Baſilica conſa-<lb/>grata il dì 18. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2621" xml:space="preserve">Novembre da San Silveſtro Papa, a contemplazione del quale fu la <lb/>medeſima dal detto Imperatore innalzata.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2622" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2623" xml:space="preserve">Niccolò V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2624" xml:space="preserve">poi ordinò all’Architetto Antonio Roſelini la rinnovazione d’ eſſo Tem-<lb/>pio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2625" xml:space="preserve">e Papa Giulio II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2626" xml:space="preserve">comandò a Bramante Lazzari da Urbino, a Giuliano da San <lb/>Gallo, a Fra Jacopo Veroneſe, a Baldaſſar Peruzzi da Siena, a Raffael d’ Urbino, <lb/>ed a Gio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2627" xml:space="preserve">Batiſta Berti, che formaſſero un nuovo diſegno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2628" xml:space="preserve">Fra queſti venne preſcel-<lb/>to Bramante, e fu ſul ſuo diſegno dato mano al lavoro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2629" xml:space="preserve">Operò anche dopo del Bra-<lb/>mante ſotto lo ſteſſo Giulio II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2630" xml:space="preserve">Antonio da San Gallo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2631" xml:space="preserve">Queſto ſteſſo Papa ordinò <lb/>poſcia il ſuo ſepolcro a Michel Angiolo Buonarrotti, al quale, dopo la morte del <lb/>San Gallo rimaſe la cura, e direzione del Tempio, ed egli riduſſe la ſorma di cro-<lb/>ce ſotto i Pontificati di Leone X. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2632" xml:space="preserve">d’ Adriano VI. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2633" xml:space="preserve">di Clemente VII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2634" xml:space="preserve">e di Paolo III. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2635" xml:space="preserve">il quale dichiarò Capo della Fabbrica eſſo Buonarrotti, approvandone il ſuo model-<lb/>lo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2636" xml:space="preserve">Continuò il Buonarroti l’ opera ſua anche ſotto Giulio III. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2637" xml:space="preserve">Marcello II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2638" xml:space="preserve">e Pao-<lb/>lo IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2639" xml:space="preserve">da cui benchè Pirro Ligorio come ſuo Architetto ſoſſe deſtinato a queſta fab-<lb/>brica, tuttavia non gli fu permeſſo il porvi mano, per aver tentato di diſtruggere <lb/>le ordinazioni di Michel Angiolo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2640" xml:space="preserve">Pio V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2641" xml:space="preserve">eleſſe Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, con <lb/>precetto di nulla innovare riſpetto alle diſpoſizioni di Michel Angiolo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2642" xml:space="preserve">Gregorio XIII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2643" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>non mancò di far continuare i lavori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2644" xml:space="preserve">e nel Pontificato di Siſto V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2645" xml:space="preserve">con ogni celeri-<lb/>tà venne accudito a cuoprire il Tempio con farvi innalzare la Cupola con i diſegni <lb/>di Michel Angiolo, ſotto la cura di Jacopo della Porta, il quale per eſſer molto vec-<lb/>chio ebbe l’ajuto aſſegnatogli del Cavalier Domenico Fontana. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2646" xml:space="preserve">Dal tempo di Siſto <lb/>V.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2647" xml:space="preserve">, d’Urbano VII.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2648" xml:space="preserve">, di Gregorio XIV.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2649" xml:space="preserve">, d’ Innocenzio IX.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2650" xml:space="preserve">, di Clemente VIII.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2651" xml:space="preserve">, fino <lb/>al Pontificato di Paolo V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2652" xml:space="preserve">reſtava ancora in piedi la parte della Baſilica vecchia, <lb/>la quale più non potendoſi riparare, ſi determinò finalmente queſto Papa a farla de-<lb/>molire, e ad aggiungere colla ſteſſa occaſione alla figura quadrata del Buonarroti <lb/>quella porzione ordinata da eſſo Paolo V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2653" xml:space="preserve">ſotto la direzione di Carlo Maderni.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2654" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2655" xml:space="preserve">La Magnanimità d’Urbano VIII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2656" xml:space="preserve">ordinò all’ Architetto Cavalier Bernini l’erezio-<lb/>ne di due campanili per magnificenza, e ſovranità del Tempio Vaticano, e inſieme <lb/>per ornamento della facciata; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2657" xml:space="preserve">ma per l’iſtabilità della parte, ſu cui poſavano, ben-<lb/>chè vi foſſ<unsure/>e per direttore lo ſteſſo Maderni, nulladimeno nel Pontificato d’Innocen-<lb/>zio X. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2658" xml:space="preserve">fu tolto l’ordine dei Campanili. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2659" xml:space="preserve">Dovevan queſti eſſer poſti ſopra i paſſaggj, <lb/>che conducono alla parte poſteriore del Tempio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2660" xml:space="preserve">Queſta facciata fu eretta di figura <lb/>quadrilunga nel Pontificato di Paolo V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2661" xml:space="preserve">e ſi argomenta, che i Proſeſſori di quel <lb/>tempo non aveſſero la neceſſaria eſperienza per creare idee nobili, e adeguate ad un <lb/>sì coſpicuo edifizio, come neppure per imitare glì ornamenti laterali del Tempio, <lb/>e quelli del tamburo della Cupola; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2662" xml:space="preserve">ſendo noſtro parere, che non foſſe dai medeſi-<lb/>mi bene inteſa la diſtribuzione delle porte, e di tutto il rimanente.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2663" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2664" xml:space="preserve">Tutto il da me finora diviſato vien riferito dal nominato Cavalier Fontana nel <lb/>ſuo V. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2665" xml:space="preserve">Libro del Tempio Vaticano al Capitolo II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2666" xml:space="preserve">continuando a rilevarne diverſi <lb/>errori fino a carte 285. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2667" xml:space="preserve">ove ragiona di quei mendicati fori della facciata con orna-<lb/>menti così minuti, che ſcemano il decoro dell’ edifizio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2668" xml:space="preserve">e continuando a parlare del-<lb/>la ſacciata per le ſconce ſue parti, dopo d’aver parlato dei grandi colonnati, e cor-<lb/>nici ordinate dal Buonarroti, paſſa a ragionare d’altro ordine inferiore ſoſtenuto dal <lb/>principale, compoſto di parti miſte sì improprie, che non ci è riuſcito trovare il <lb/>loro proprio nome ſecondo gli Antichi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2669" xml:space="preserve">E’ queſto compoſto di meſchini pilaſtri, <lb/>nella ſommità dei quali ſi veggiono de’Cherubini, che moſtrano di dirigere i capi-<lb/>telli colla cornice, in vece d’ architrave, ſopra la quale rimane quella picciola ba- <pb o="11" file="0119" n="119" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> lauſtrata aſſorbita dall’ altezza di quelle ſtatue, che ad eſſa ſon ſoprappoſte, rappre-<lb/>ſentanti i XII. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2670" xml:space="preserve">Apoſtoli, ed il Redentore nel mezzo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2671" xml:space="preserve">Continua lo ſteſſo Autore a <lb/>ſcuoprir ſempre nuovi errori commeſſi nella ſuddetta facciata, non ſolamente per ciò, <lb/>che ſi è diviſato, ma eziandio per la giunta del Tempio fatta fare da Paolo V.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2672" xml:space="preserve">, la <lb/>quale non corriſponde alla linea diametrale, ma forma angolo ottuſo entro il Tem-<lb/>pio medeſimo, e non linea retta, com’eſſer dovrebbe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2673" xml:space="preserve">Così leggiamo nell’accennato <lb/>Libro da carte 203. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2674" xml:space="preserve">fino alle 261. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2675" xml:space="preserve">ove termina coll’aggiunta dei campanili.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2676" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2677" xml:space="preserve">Si rileva da ciò, che ſi è detto finora evidentemente, eſſer queſta riuſcita una fab-<lb/>brica diſordinata a motivo dei diverſi Architetti, che la compoſero: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2678" xml:space="preserve">e veramente dà <lb/>nell’occhio in primo luogo la ſua piantazione così meſchina in proporzione della gran <lb/>mole: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2679" xml:space="preserve">ed in fatti oſſervate i grandi pilaſtri Corintj piantati ſul pavimento, ſenza al-<lb/>cuno innalzamento, come richiedeva il decoro, e la grandioſità, che ſi faceſſe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2680" xml:space="preserve">poi-<lb/>chè lo ſteſſo ſarebbe, che un Perſonaggio foſſe riccamente veſtito, ed aveſſe i piè ſcal-<lb/>zi, e nudi, e ſenza ſcarpe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2681" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervaſi inoltre con ſorpreſa la diſuguaglianza degl’ in-<lb/>tercolunnj, parte ſtretti, e parte larghi, ſicchè le nicchie incaſtratevi, alcune rieſcon <lb/>comode, altre grette ed anguſte, e queſto a motivo della ſcorrezione dei medeſimi <lb/>intercolunnj; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2682" xml:space="preserve">quindi il diſordinato modo di piantare i pilaſtri ſepolti nello ſporto del-<lb/>le cornici delle impoſte degli archi delle Cappelle, che riſaltano in fuori di eſſi con <lb/>taglio ſpiacevole, e ſconcia figura, fuori dell’eſſer ſuo naturale, il quale conſiſte nell’ <lb/>eſſere al dritto del vivo de’proprj pilaſtri, e non più. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2683" xml:space="preserve">Non sò, come poſſa ſoſſrirſi <lb/>un tal diſetto, ſenza fare le dovute rifleſſioni pel retto ſiſtema delle proporzioni, che <lb/>dee ſempre avere in mira un vero Architetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2684" xml:space="preserve">Certamente in queſt’ opera fu quel <lb/>tale diſuguale e ſcorretto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2685" xml:space="preserve">poichè chi può mai immaginarſi, che tali cornici così ta-<lb/>gliate poſſan tener l’uguaglianza non ſolo della legatura, ma nemmeno quel comun <lb/>ſenſo, che è proprio della ſteſſa Architettura?</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2686" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2687" xml:space="preserve">Coſa degna di maggior oſſervazione altresì mi rieſce il vedere nel foglio diſegna-<lb/>to, e intagliato dal Piraneſi dell’interno di detta Chieſa, eſt<unsure/>ere il cornicione, che <lb/>gira tutt’ intorno al gran Tempio, piantato ſopra i pilaſtri, mancante della propria <lb/>gola dritta, che in ogni tempo è ſtata praticata per cima, e gentilezza d’ eſſa cor-<lb/>nice, e che ſoltanto ſi laſcia, allorchè ſi leva fronteſpizio, o rimenato, e in tal caſo <lb/>il ſolo gocciolatojo cammina, e non in altro modo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2688" xml:space="preserve">nè io per quanto cercaſſi ebbi <lb/>in alcun Tempio mai a vederne di ſomiglianti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2689" xml:space="preserve">ma trovai bensì nel quarto Libro <lb/>delle Antichità del Palladio a carte 14. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2690" xml:space="preserve">il Tempio della Pace, in cui rilevai la cor-<lb/>nice ſenza gocciolatojo, ma con la gola dritta appoggiare ſopra i modiglioni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2691" xml:space="preserve">e que-<lb/>ſto pure eſſendo come il primo un mancamento dell’Architetto, che non oſſervò a <lb/>dovere la buona Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2692" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2693" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre dee rifletterſi, come in un Tempio così magnifico, il quale pel computo <lb/>fattone dal Cavalier Fontana, può in tutto, e per tutto pareggiarſi al Tempio di <lb/>Salomone, ſi poſſano rilevare tanti errori sì patenti, ſembrando che per la ſua gran <lb/>fama eſſer doveſſe il tipo d’ogni perſezione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2694" xml:space="preserve">ma eppure ſegue tutto all’ oppoſto, e <lb/>ciò a motivo della diver@ità degli Architetti, che in varj tempi ne ebbero la ſoprin-<lb/>tendenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2695" xml:space="preserve">Diſgrazia ella ſi è queſta, per cui le fabbriche di maggior momento ven-<lb/>gon guaſtate dall’ opinione varia degli uomini, poichè cadaun d’eſſi penſa di diſtin-<lb/>guerſi colla bizzarria delle proprie idee. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2696" xml:space="preserve">Così avvenne al Tempio Vaticano tanto fa-<lb/>moſo, che dal non eſſer del medeſimo ſtata formata di pianta un’idea ſtabile nell’eſ-<lb/>ſer più uniſorme, poſitivo, e vero, nacquero tante diverſità di pareri, quanti gli <lb/>Architetti furono, che lo compoſero.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2697" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2698" xml:space="preserve">E di vero troppo vi vorrebbe a porre in veduta tutti i difetti, che oſcurano la <lb/>nobiltà di tal Tempio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2699" xml:space="preserve">Un ſolo eſempio mi ſi potrebbe addurre per iſcuſare le cor-<lb/>nici tagliate, ed i pilaſtri incaſſati entro le medeſime, dicendo, eſſer così anche i <lb/>pilaſtri, e le impoſte degli archi nell’ Anfiteatro di Pola: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2700" xml:space="preserve">ma ciò e che rileva? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2701" xml:space="preserve">quan-<lb/>do anche quello è male ideato, nè mai potrà darſi per modello di perſetta Archi-<lb/>tettura, eſſendo certamente una gran fabbrica, che dee perciò ammirarſi, ma non <lb/>imitarſi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2702" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2703" xml:space="preserve">Niente meno oſſervabili ſono i paſſaggj di Cappella in Cappella, poichè hanno <lb/>gli archi non perſetti, ma compoſti da ſoli rimenati, che formano ſgarbatamente <lb/>l’arcata, o mezz’ arcata, la quale è falſa, e ne produce la ſconcia figura, che rap-<lb/>preſentano, appoggiando ſulle cornici, con quei tronchi Zoccolati, che guaſtano, e <lb/>non adornano: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2704" xml:space="preserve">e ſe ſon poſti per corriſpondenza delle colonne, dico, che tal rime-<lb/>nato non conviene, per la comparſa indecente, e tronca, che nulla preſenta di mae-<lb/>ſtoſo, e grande, ma ſola immaginazione ſognata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2705" xml:space="preserve">Oh quanto miglior comparſa a- <pb o="12" file="0120" n="120" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> vrebbe fatto, ſe vi ſi foſſe poſta ſopra le dette colonne, e cornici la ſua arcata per-<lb/>fetta, con cui il paſſaggio ſarebbe riuſcito più ſvelto, e più leggiadro, ſenza il fal-<lb/>ſo ripiego della fineſtra, che non ſerve ſe non ſe per lume fallo, e inutile! La ſola <lb/>ultima tiene l’arco entro le colonne col rimenato ſopra: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2706" xml:space="preserve">ma e queſto ancora e che <lb/>vale? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2707" xml:space="preserve">quando compariſce meſchino in proporzione del gran Tempio, e ſolo accom-<lb/>pagna nel rimenato le altre aperture. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2708" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è compoſizione guaſta, e ſcarſa idea <lb/>dell’ Architetto, ſe ſi conſiderino anche le grandi ſerraglie negli archi, come ſono di <lb/>ſporgimento eccedente, ingombrano, e non adornano, nulla ſoſtengono; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2709" xml:space="preserve">e perchè e-<lb/>ſcono tanto fuori, che pajono menſole da porvi ſopra alcun vaſo, o buſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2710" xml:space="preserve">Vergo-<lb/>gna ella è queſta, il far ciò, che non conviene: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2711" xml:space="preserve">vi và la ſerraglia, e cuneo, che <lb/>dee cuoprirſi gentilmente, e leggermente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2712" xml:space="preserve">Così fece chi l’ Arte ſeppe a dovere. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2713" xml:space="preserve">Molti altri errori eſporre ſi potrebbero: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2714" xml:space="preserve">ma per ora baſtino gli accennati; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2715" xml:space="preserve">e chi più <lb/>ne brama, legga il Cavalier Fontana nel IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2716" xml:space="preserve">Libro Cap. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2717" xml:space="preserve">II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2718" xml:space="preserve">della ſua Opera, ove trat-<lb/>ta del Tempio Vaticano pienamente.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2719" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2720" xml:space="preserve">Egli ſi dee però conſiderare per ultimo l’univerſale ornamento di queſto Tempio, <lb/>che è sì abbondante, e ripiento di ſtucchi, e di bagattelle, le quali, sì nel ſoffitto, <lb/>che nei pilaſtri degli archi delle Cappelle, ed in tutte le altre parti, non corriſpon-<lb/>dono punto al vero, ſerio, e lodevole ornamento di nobile, e decoroſa Architettu-<lb/>ra, ſecondo il vero antico, ed il parere de’ più ſaggj Architetti, che hanno perpe-<lb/>tuamente ſchivato gli ſcherzi, e ſi ſono valuti del ſolo ornato puro e maſſiccio, ed <lb/>in quei dati ſiti, che non toglieſſero all’ oneſta Architettura il grandioſo eſſer ſuo <lb/>tanto pregevole.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2721" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2722" xml:space="preserve">Con ragione poi il Cavalier Fontana vitupera quei tanti ſori poſti nella ſacciata <lb/>con ornamenti tanto minuti, che ſcemano il decoro dell’Ediſizio, e per fino il ſe-<lb/>cond’ Ordine poſto ſopra i grandi colonnati, compoſto di meſchini pilaſtri inferiori <lb/>al primo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2723" xml:space="preserve">Veramente a conſiderar la facciata vedendola così piena d’irregolarità; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2724" xml:space="preserve">e <lb/>fra le altre quei due miſerabili paſſaggj, che portano alla parte poſteriore di detto <lb/>Tempio, sì mal penſati, ſenz’ alcuna correlazione all’ ordine della medeſima, dico, <lb/>che ſe era di neceſſità il fare tali paſſaggj per comodo della propria ſtrada, conve-<lb/>niva adattargli ſecondo la ben regolata Architettura, corriſpondenti a tutto l’inſieme, <lb/>e non così tronchi, e poſticcj, quali ſono, rappreſentando un’ apertura forzata, o <lb/>per dir meglio, un ponte di campagna di ſconcio mezz’ arco, e di ſgarbata figura, <lb/>che non ſolo ſcema, ma toglie intieramente la buona grazia, che richiedeva un ſi-<lb/>to così riguardevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2725" xml:space="preserve">E quando tal licenza uſarono i buoni antichi? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2726" xml:space="preserve">Eſſi non mai, <lb/>ma i ſoli moderni Architetti la praticarono, guaſtando il buon ordine, ed introdu-<lb/>cendo la ſcorrezione, ſenza riguardo al nobile, e maeſtoſo, che conveniva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2727" xml:space="preserve">Con aſ-<lb/>ſai minore ſpeſa e fatica, ſe aveſſer riflettuto alla grandioſità e decoro dovuto a ſi-<lb/>to tanto riguardevole, e ſecondo la purità dell’ Architettura, ſarebbeſi tal Opera com-<lb/>pita. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2728" xml:space="preserve">Deeſi dire pertanto, che tutti i diſordini procedono dalla ſola ambizione di-<lb/>chi ſoprintende. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2729" xml:space="preserve">Gonſj coſtoro di ſe ſteſſi nulla penſano al decoro, e ſolo s’ appa-<lb/>gano del capriccioſo loro sſogo, ſenza riflettere al diſcapito, che pur troppo incon-<lb/>trano con loro ſcorno, e diſguſto, conſiderati eſſendo dall’Architettura eretici appaſ-<lb/>ſionati.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2730" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="13" file="0121" n="121" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0121-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0121-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption42" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Parte della <lb/>Vcduta interna della Baſilica di S. Pietro <lb/>in Vaticano.</caption> </figure> <pb o="14" file="0122" n="122" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div72" type="section" level="1" n="72"> <head xml:id="echoid-head84" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre nel ſecond’ Ordine della Facciata, e ne’ fianchi della Chieſa <lb/>di S. Pietro di Roma.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2731" xml:space="preserve">Quei fronteſpizj tagliati, che ſi veggiono poſti ſopra le fineſtre nel ſecond’ Ordi-<lb/>ne della Facciata, e ne’ fianchi della Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2732" xml:space="preserve">Pietro, non corriſpondono al loro <lb/>fine, che è quello di cuoprire, e di difendere dalle piogge. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2733" xml:space="preserve">E’appunto lo ſteſſo, che <lb/>un uomo in tempo piovoſo per cuoprirſi portaſſe ſotto il braccio, e non in capo il <lb/>cappello. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2734" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre l’ ornamento quì è troppo peſante sì nell’ occhio della conciglia, <lb/>che nei feſtoni attaccati alla cartella, coſa, che meglio potrebbe ſervire per ornare <lb/>un cammino da camera, anzichè per una fineſtra in ſito così nobile, e magnifico. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2735" xml:space="preserve">Il riflettere ſopra tali coſe sì ſconce, e malinteſe ſervirà aſſai per tenerſi lontani dall’ <lb/>uſo degli ornamenti ſuperflui, e vizioſi, che tolgono il bello, ed ingombrano il buo-<lb/>no della quadratura, la quale altro non ricerca, che leggerezza, e grazia, appagan-<lb/>do così più l’ occhio di chi ha piacere, e ottimo diſcernimento.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2736" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div73" type="section" level="1" n="73"> <head xml:id="echoid-head85" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altre Fineſtre della Baſilica Vaticana.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2737" xml:space="preserve">Anche in queſte fineſtre rilevaſi una ragione d’ ornato aſſai ſconcio, come, a ca-<lb/>gion d’ eſempio, piantare ſul cantone del telaro cornice tagliata, con menſole per <lb/>fianco, che nulla ſoſtengono, e terminano con gocce al di ſotto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2738" xml:space="preserve">e queſte per eſ-<lb/>ſer nel ſecond’ Ordine detto Attico, e ſopra il Corintio, non torna bene, eſſendo le <lb/>medeſime del ſolo Ordine Dorico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2739" xml:space="preserve">Mi fa però gran maraviglia l’ imperizia di tali <lb/>Architetti, che voglion valerſi per tutto di ciò, che non conviene, togliendo l’ or-<lb/>namento d’un Ordine, per darlo ad un altro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2740" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſteſſo è, che il voler veſtire una <lb/>perſona con abito non ſuo, nè ſatto a ſuo doſſo, che in vece di far buona figura, <lb/>ſi renderebbe ridicola per eſſere ſconciamente veſtita. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2741" xml:space="preserve">Però ſarà ſempre vero il det-<lb/>to, che ogni frutto vuole la ſua ſtagione, e che nell’ Architettura ciaſcun Ordine <lb/>ri<unsure/>chiede i proprj ornamenti a norma di ſua ſtabilita perfezione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2742" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="15" file="0123" n="123" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0123-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0123-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0123-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0123-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption43" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre nel ſecondo Ordine della Facciata, <lb/>e ne’ fianchi della Chiesa di S. Pietro di Roma.<lb/>Altre Fineſtre della Baſilica Vaticana.</caption> </figure> <pb o="16" file="0124" n="124" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div74" type="section" level="1" n="74"> <head xml:id="echoid-head86" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Eſempio degli errori ſcoperti nella fabbrica del Pantheon, detto oggi <lb/>la Rotonda in Roma, cioè nell’ interno d’ eſſe<unsure/> Rotonda.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2743" xml:space="preserve">Molto a propoſito mi ſi offre la gran fabbrica del Pantheon, detta preſentemente <lb/>la Rotonda; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2744" xml:space="preserve">avvegnachè ſia eccellentemente lavorata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2745" xml:space="preserve">Ha queſta diverſe Cappelle, <lb/>ed è di vaga forma circolare, avendo ugual larghezza, ed altezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2746" xml:space="preserve">Si poſſono quì <lb/>conſiderare varie coſe, come oſſervò il Palladio, trattando del Pantheon nel ſuo Li-<lb/>bro IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2747" xml:space="preserve">a carte 73.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2748" xml:space="preserve">; ed anche il Deſgodetz nel ſuo Trattato ſopra l’ iſteſſo Pantheon, <lb/>deſcrivendo in 23. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2749" xml:space="preserve">tavole sì maeſtoſa fabbrica tutta d’ Ordine Corintio non meno in-<lb/>ternamente, che eſternamente.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2750" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2751" xml:space="preserve">Leggendo i lodati Autori, rilevai della varietà d’ opinioni riſpetto alle miſure, ed <lb/>altre particolarità; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2752" xml:space="preserve">ma riſpetto all’ antichità s’ accordano nella ſteſſa coſa, vale a di-<lb/>re, che tutto il di dentro ſia ſtato rifatto in uno ſteſſo tempo, a riſerva del porti-<lb/>co, che fu aggiunto da Marco Agrippa per maggior decorazione di queſto ſteſſo Tem-<lb/>pio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2753" xml:space="preserve">In eſſo adunque, tuttochè ſia di perfetto lavoro, ſi oſſervano ciò non oſtante <lb/>diverſi, e notabili errori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2754" xml:space="preserve">Il primo naſce dalle due arcate, che ſono al di dentro, <lb/>cioè, una nell’ ingreſſo, l’ altra di fronte, che forma la Cappella maggiore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2755" xml:space="preserve">e que-<lb/>ſte arcate vengono ſoſtentate da due pilaſtri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2756" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre ciaſcuno di queſti due archi ta-<lb/>glia quattro pilaſtri del ſecond’ Ordine: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2757" xml:space="preserve">la qual coſa non è buona, per la deformi-<lb/>tà, che produce, facendo vedere i pilaſtri tronchi e ſmezzati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2758" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è la coſa ſteſ-<lb/>ſa, che un uomo, al quale foſſero tagliate le gambe, e foſſe fatto comparire ſtorpia-<lb/>to, e deforme. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2759" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſteſſo può altresì dirſi delle colonne, le quali ſendo tronche ne’ <lb/>piedi, non poſſon più moſtrare la loro forza, e ſuſſiſtenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2760" xml:space="preserve">Io per me direi, che l’ <lb/>Architetto, che ha eretto tal Tempio, ſi prefiggeſſe di farlo ſeguente, ſenza inter-<lb/>rompimento alcuno, e così voleſſe ſeguitare i pilaſtri del ſecond Ordine, affinchè com-<lb/>pariſſe l’ uniformità anche ſopra i diviſati archi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2761" xml:space="preserve">Egli però poteva beniſſimo ripie-<lb/>gare eſſi pilaſtri, che cadono ſopra i detti archi, convertendogli in menſole ſotto il <lb/>capitello, e così avrebbe ottenuto il ſuo intento, ſenza moſtrare la brutta figura dell’ <lb/>eſſer tagliati dall’ arco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2762" xml:space="preserve">S’ oſſervano inoltre due colonne, all’ incontro dei due pila-<lb/>ſtri della Cappella medeſima, le quali reſtano iſolate, tenendo ſopra la cornice, che <lb/>gira all’intorno, parte della baſe del baſamento del ſecond’Ordine, che forma piedi-<lb/>ſtallo per ſoſtenere alcuna ſtatua, che vi ſtarebbe aſſai bene. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2763" xml:space="preserve">Queſto ſporgimento di <lb/>piediſtallo, che s’alza al di ſopra del peduzzo dell’arco, gli toglie la buona grazia, <lb/>e lo fa comparire mezz’arco, e non perfetto, come dovrebbe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2764" xml:space="preserve">lo che mi fa credere, <lb/>che le ſuddette colonne foſſer piantate poſteriormente, e non nel riſtauro di detta <lb/>fabbrica, mentre avrebbe l’Architetto veduto, come riuſcivano inutili. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2765" xml:space="preserve">Queſte colon-<lb/>ne però hanno una particolarità, ſecondo il parere de’ſoprallodati Autori, cioè, tra <lb/>lo ſpazio d’un canale, e l’altro della ſcannellatura certi intagli a tondini molto puli-<lb/>tamente fatti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2766" xml:space="preserve">ed in ciò ſono diverſe dalle altre d’ intorno, che ſono ſcannellate <lb/>ſchiettamente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2767" xml:space="preserve">e però può darſi, che a motivo di tal rarità ſia ſtato penſato di por-<lb/>le in opera in quel tal ſito, ſebbene inutili in rapporto alla buona ragione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2768" xml:space="preserve">A tal <lb/>propoſito mi ſovviene, che anche il Sanſovino, allorchè ornò la ſcala, che monta <lb/>al Collegio pel Palazzo Ducale, ſi valſe d’ un ripiego aſſai buono per collocarvi le <lb/>due Statue dell’ Ercole, e dell’ Atlante appoggiando preſſo ai due pilaſtri due colon-<lb/>ne iſolate, e sì bene adattate, che pajon fatte in uno ſteſſo tempo coll’ arco medeſi-<lb/>mo della ſcala, e ſopra vi collocò le diviſate Statue. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2769" xml:space="preserve">Quindi oſſervando in ſeguito l’ <lb/>Ordine ſecondo, o ſia Attico di leggieri pilaſtri parimente Corintj, che ſtringono <lb/>nicchie per Statue, e fineſtre, ed avendo i medeſimi telaro e cornice ſopra, lo ſpor-<lb/>gimento della quale ſorpaſſa affatto i pilaſtri, che reſtano a fianco, appoggiano i <lb/>medeſimi ſopra zoccolo leſenato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2770" xml:space="preserve">e queſto ſopra il baſamento ſemplice, che gira in-<lb/>torno a tutto l’ Attico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2771" xml:space="preserve">Tutte queſte coſe in niun modo convengono: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2772" xml:space="preserve">diformano e <lb/>tolgono il bello della buona Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2773" xml:space="preserve">Ciò io volli dire per coloro, i quali non <lb/>diſtinguendo il buono dal reo, lodano tutto quello, che loro ſi para innanzi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2774" xml:space="preserve">E’ ve-<lb/>ro veriſſimo, che queſto Tempio è, e ſarà ſempre ſtimato per quel buono, che ha <lb/>in ſe, ad eccezione però di quanto ho detto per lume di chi ſtudia la perſetta Ar-<lb/>chitettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2775" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="17" file="0125" n="125" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0125-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0125-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption44" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Csempio delli errori scoperli <lb/>nella fabrica del Panteon, <lb/>hora detto la Ritonda in <lb/>Roma, cioè nel interno <lb/>della medema.<lb/>Metà della Capella <lb/>maggiore<lb/>Metà della porta d’ingresso.</caption> </figure> <pb o="18" file="0126" n="126" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div75" type="section" level="1" n="75"> <head xml:id="echoid-head87" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Figura dell’ Attico riſtaurato entro il Pantheon.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2776" xml:space="preserve">Dobbiamo ora far parola del riſtauro ordinato da Papa Benedetto XIV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2777" xml:space="preserve">nell’anno <lb/>ſettimo del ſuo Pontificato, il quale venne indotto a far accomodare e correggere gli <lb/>errori quì ſopra da noi indicati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2778" xml:space="preserve">Fu pertanto dato mano al riſtauro della gran vol-<lb/>ta, e per render più luminoſo il Tempio venne anche penſato d’imbiancarla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2779" xml:space="preserve">Que-<lb/>ſto pertanto è il primo ſpropoſito d’ un tal riſtauro, mentre a un Tempio di que-<lb/>ſta fatta diſdice affatto tale imbiancatura, e vi voleva piuttoſto una tinterella armo-<lb/>nioſa, e corriſpondente all’ antichità del ſito medeſimo, introducendo nelle caſſette <lb/>alcun poco di oro, che avrebbe nobilitata una tal volta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2780" xml:space="preserve">Quindi pensò di far levar <lb/>via tutti i pilaſtrini Corintj del ſecond’Ordine, come altresì tutto l’Attico, e ſoltan-<lb/>to laſciarvi quei nicchi, o fineſtre, che ſono quattordici in tutto il giro, prolungan-<lb/>dole al di ſotto quaſi fino al peduzzo dell’ Attico ſteſſo, aggiungendo nel di ſopra il <lb/>fronteſpizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2781" xml:space="preserve">Piombano queſti ſopra gli Altari, e ſopra le mezzarie degl’intercolunnj <lb/>del prim’ Ordine, coll’ aggiungervi fra l’ una, e l’ altra fineſtra, o nicchio, un gran <lb/>riquadro corniciato da ovoli, e fuſaroli, con altro di ſopra bislungo, figurando in <lb/>eſſi e fuor di eſſi con pittura varietà di marmi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2782" xml:space="preserve">Non ſarà fuor di propoſito il fare <lb/>alcuna conſiderazione intorno al diviſato regolamento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2783" xml:space="preserve">Veramente qualora s’ abbia <lb/>intenzione di togliere alcun difetto a qualſivoglia fabbrica, ciò ſi dee fare col fine <lb/>di migliorarla, non mai per deformarla di più: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2784" xml:space="preserve">ma pure da ciò, che venne eſeguito <lb/>entro un Tempio tanto ſtimabile per la ſua Antichità, ſi rileva un sì enorme ſcon-<lb/>certo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2785" xml:space="preserve">Dovevaſi queſto perfezionare in ciò, che peccava per rapporto alla perſetta <lb/>Architettura, e non mai ſpogliarlo in guiſa, che compariſſe nudo, ſiccome ſi è al <lb/>preſente, ridotto eſſendo ad un ſemplice muro quaſi liſcio, con quei ſoli riquadri, <lb/>che nulla concludono, ma che altro non fanno che ingombrare un tal ſito, riducen-<lb/>dolo ad una figura peſantiſſima; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2786" xml:space="preserve">nè poſſiamo altro approvare, che i fronteſpizj ag-<lb/>giunti ai nicchi, o fineſtre, e queſti parimente al diſotto tenendo la ſteſſa cornice, <lb/>che gira intorno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2787" xml:space="preserve">Altra figura non rappreſenta, ſalvo che un quadro atraccato alla <lb/>muraglia, che abbia bella cima, e niente affatto di piede, e non figura da nicchio, <lb/>come dovrebbe, a differenza del primo ſuo eſſere, il quale appoggiava coll’ erte ſo-<lb/>pra il baſamento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2788" xml:space="preserve">e queſto era il vero appoggiar con ragione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2789" xml:space="preserve">ma nel modo, nel <lb/>quale vedeſi eſeguito, moſtra un lavoro da legnajuolo, che tutto vuol corniciato, per-<lb/>che il legnajuolo più non intende. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2790" xml:space="preserve">La ſtatua poi entro poſta anderà bene, e qua-<lb/>drerà a maraviglia, mentre s’ uniforma anche al parere del Palladio, il quale nel ſuo <lb/>IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2791" xml:space="preserve">Libro dell’ Architettura eſpone i diſegni d’ eſſo Pantheon, e pone le ſtatue nelle <lb/>nicchie diviſate per più decoro d’ eſſa Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2792" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervano inoltre le due co-<lb/>lonne poſte ſull’ ingreſſo della Cappella maggiore poſteriormente, che ſecondo anche <lb/>il parere degli accennati inſigni Autori, altro non ſoſtengono, che uno zoccolo alla <lb/>dritta del baſamento, che gira intorno ſopra la cornice del prim’ Ordine: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2793" xml:space="preserve">e come <lb/>non penſarono, in vece dei tre monti, e della ſtella Stemma del Pontefice Clemen-<lb/>te XI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2794" xml:space="preserve">, il quale pure ordinò un riſtauramento, all’ Attico medeſimo, ſenza guaſtare <lb/>coſa alcuna di ciò, che vi era di gentile, e collocare queſto ſteſſo Stemma in altro <lb/>ſito, cioè, in uno ſcudo ſopra la mezzaria dell’ Arco, ſoſtentato da due Angioli in <lb/>aria, lo che ſarebbe riuſcito aſſai grazioſo, anzichè porſi la menſola, o modiglione <lb/>inſerito ſconciamente nell’ Architrave, che al di ſotto tiene le gocce, che ſi conven-<lb/>gono al ſolo Ordine Dorico, nè mai ſopra l’ Ordine Corintio, che le rigetta? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2795" xml:space="preserve">E di <lb/>vero rieſce coſa ſtrana il vederſi introdotto in Roma l’ abuſo dalla maggior parte de-<lb/>gli Architetti, ſommamente vaghi delle gocce, ſenza curarſi di riflettere a che ſerva <lb/>l’uſo delle medeſime, e dove, e quando ſi debbano praticare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2796" xml:space="preserve">non convenendo col-<lb/>locarle così alla cieca, e porre inoltre ſopra le due colonne due Angioli, od altra <lb/>ſtatua rappreſentante alcuna Virtù. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2797" xml:space="preserve">Hanno eſſi laſciato le medeſime preſſochè inuti-<lb/>li, e che hanno pochiſſima conſonanza coll’ opera ſteſſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2798" xml:space="preserve">Rieſcono parimente oſter-<lb/>vabili i riquadri poſti ſopra lo ſteſſo arco, i quali non ſolo ſcemano la figura, ma <lb/>rieſcono ancora ſommamente diſadatti ad un tal ſito, come quelli che ſono raddop-<lb/>piati e meſchini, che nulla hanno di nobiltà, in corriſpondenza degli altri ſtermi-<lb/>natamente grandi, che trovanſi all’ intorno, che in vece di formare una comparſa <lb/>maeſtoſa, quale ſi converrebbe, la rappreſentano ſconcia e miſerabile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2799" xml:space="preserve">E poi quel <lb/>formare dei finti marmi in un Tempio tanto coſpicuo, è coſa da Teatro, e non ci <lb/>rappreſenta, che uno ſcarſo penſare, e una povertà d’ornare, e per dir la coſa com’ <lb/>è, egli ſi è queſto un diſonore fatto alla ſteſſa venerabile Antichità, e dentro una <pb o="19" file="0127" n="127" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> Roma, che tanto abbonda in ricchezze dell’ Arte, ed in magnificenze. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2800" xml:space="preserve">Reſto poi <lb/>veramente ſorpreſo, oſſervando, che in Roma maeſtra delle Arti Liberali, cioè, di <lb/>Pittura, di Scultura, d’ Architettura, e di Geometria, non ſiaſi penſato a prevedere <lb/>con più perizia, e ſpirito un tanto errore, ed a correggerlo con leggerezza e buona <lb/>grazia, ſenza togliere al ſecond’Ordine la ſua dicevolezza, e quella gentilezza che ſe <lb/>gli conveniva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2801" xml:space="preserve">Hanno queſti perduta la buſſola del navigare, e ſono andati a rom-<lb/>pere negli ſcogli, diſtruggendo l’ Antico, e leggiero, che più non vedraſſi, ſe non <lb/>ſu i Libri, e negli ſcritti di quei pregiatiſſimi Autori, che fecero delle belle Anti-<lb/>che coſe ſtudio, e laſciaronci memoria.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2802" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2803" xml:space="preserve">Gran coſa in vero, e non mai a baſtanza deteſtata ell’ è queſta, il pretender, <lb/>cioè, di migliorare, coll’introdurre le coſe peggiori, che ſi poſſano ideare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2804" xml:space="preserve">Il ſolo <lb/>ſtudio poteva rimediare ai diſordini accennati, e prima di venire all’ eſecuzione, l’ <lb/>eſaminar prima a dovere, ſe conveniva, o nò, quanto ſi penſava di fare, e colla <lb/>ſeria conſiderazione a quanto occorreva, sì per la ſtima dell’ Antichità, come pel <lb/>buon guſto, e ſimmetria conveniente, e non operare alla cieca, ſenza più poter rico-<lb/>vrare il perduto, non aoquiſtandoſi tali Architetti altro nome, che quello di cor-<lb/>rompitori dell’ Antico, e non il riſpettabile, che quello ſarebbe di conſervatori del <lb/>medeſimo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2805" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2806" xml:space="preserve">Veramente mai non ſi finirebbe, ſe voleſſimo continuare a conſiderare gli errori <lb/>patenti, che non ſolo ſi praticano ſenz’ alcuna conſiderazione, ma ſono benanche <lb/>ſoſtentati da chi gli commette, allegando inſuſſiſtenti ragioni, ſiccome appunto pen-<lb/>sò di ſcuſarſi l’ Architetto ſopraccennato, col dire, d’ aver ciò fatto per mera neceſ-<lb/>ſità, poichè nel ſalvare i ſoli pilaſtri nell’ Attico ſopra i Corintj del prim’ Ordine, <lb/>queſti non venivano a corriſpondere colle facce dei riquadri nel cupolone, e per tal <lb/>motivo credè ben fatto il totalmente levargli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2807" xml:space="preserve">A ſcuſa così frivola ſi riſponde, che <lb/>il cappello non tiene in piedi la perſona, ma bensì le gambe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2808" xml:space="preserve">lo ſteſſo è appunto <lb/>nell’ Architettura, cioè che le colonne e i pilaſtri ſoſtengono in piedi le fabbriche, <lb/>e perciò avendo la ragione il ſuo luogo, conveniva aſſaiſſimo il conſervare i pilaſtri <lb/>ſul vivo di quelli di ſotto, ſenza riguardo alcuno al cappello, cioè, ai riquadri, e <lb/>alle facce del cupolone, e così ſarebbeſi fatto onore l’ Architetto, ed avrebbe conſer-<lb/>vato l’ Ordine antico pregiabile perpetuamente preſſo l’univerſale.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2809" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2810" xml:space="preserve">Rilevo altresì, che ſi accorda con quanto eſpongo il medeſimo Cavalier Fontana <lb/>nel ſuo Trattato del Tempio Vaticano, ove al Libro Settimo pagina 460. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2811" xml:space="preserve">aggiunge <lb/>la deſcrizione del famoſo Pantheon, della ſua antichità, ed a propoſito dei coſtolo-<lb/>ni del Cupolone dice così: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2812" xml:space="preserve">= “Degli ornamenti aggiunti da Agrippa dentro il Tem-<lb/>pio del Pantheon, ſiccome quei nicchionì del Tempio più antico, ſenza ornamen-<lb/>ti, non avevano alcuna obbligazione di corriſpondere nei coſtoloni del volto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2813" xml:space="preserve">così <lb/>Agrippa non potè diſpor gli ornamenti aggiunti delle colonne ſotto gli ſteſſi co-<lb/>ſtoloni, i quali non cadono colle debite leggi d’ Architettura, cioè, ſopra il vivo <lb/>delle colonne, dovendo l’ uno, e l’ altro corriſpondere, vivo ſopra vivo, e non va-<lb/>riare, come ſi vedono i loro poſamenti, che vengono a cadere, parte fra gl’ in-<lb/>tercolunnj irregolarmente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2814" xml:space="preserve">onde ſi ſcorge che queſte coſtole cadevano prima ſopra <lb/>la punta di quei nicchioni, e che dalla qualità dell’innalzamento di eſſi foſſe co-<lb/>ſtretto a incorrere in tal difetto nella diſpoſizione dell’ornato anche l’ Artefice.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2815" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2816" xml:space="preserve">Queſto però non merita d’ eſſer cenſurato, ma dee ſtimarſi degno di ſomma lo-<lb/>de, per aver ſaputo accomodarſi al fatto Tempio, e ſchermirſi da molti obblighi, <lb/>che dal medeſimo gli venivano impoſti nel far le ſue aggiunte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2817" xml:space="preserve">E’ dunque da cre-<lb/>dere, che ſe il Tempio foſſe ſtato coſtrutto inſieme con gli ornamenti, collo ſteſ-<lb/>ſo valore, che diſpoſe l’ Architetto i medeſimi, avrebbe ſimilmente diſpoſti i co-<lb/>ſtoloni colla dovuta corriſpondenza ſopra i vivi delle colonne.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2818" xml:space="preserve">Tutto queſto pertanto diſtrugge la frivola ſcuſa addotta dall’ Architetto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2819" xml:space="preserve">quando <lb/>vi ſono altri eſempj, che provano in contrario non ſolo, ma che applaudiſcono, e <lb/>rendono degno di lode l’ Artefice, che ha ſaputo ſcanſare tale impegno, conſideran-<lb/>do di maggiore importanza la buona diſpoſizione dei colonnati, e degl’ intercolunnj, <lb/>che i coſtoloni del cupolone: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2820" xml:space="preserve">e così doveva farſi in ogni tempo pel decoro del me-<lb/>deſimo Tempio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2821" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="20" file="0128" n="128" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0128-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0128-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption45" xml:space="preserve">Figura del atico riſtaurato <lb/>entro il Panteon</caption> </figure> <pb o="21" file="0129" n="129" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div76" type="section" level="1" n="76"> <head xml:id="echoid-head88" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Proporzione pel conveniente riſtauro dell’ Attico entro il Pantheon.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2822" xml:space="preserve">Dopo d’aver parlato della ſconcia maniera tenuta nel riſtauro del Pantheon, ſem-<lb/>bra proprio il produrre alcun’altra idea, che poteſſe più appagare i dilettanti, e i <lb/>foreſtieri molto amanti dell’ Antichità, e inſieme bramoſi di riconoſcere le ſontuoſe <lb/>fabbriche per lo ſtimabile, che in ſe contengono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2823" xml:space="preserve">Mi par coſa ottima il valerſi in <lb/>ciò delle ſteſſe antichità per accomodare l’ Attico del diviſato Pantheon. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2824" xml:space="preserve">Furono <lb/>adunque tolti via tutti quei pilaſtrini Corintj, che circondavano l’ Attico, e mi ſi-<lb/>guro aver dato a ciò motivo il vedere i ſuddetti tagliati dagli archi, ed anche per <lb/>la figura alquanto meſchina, che rappreſentavano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2825" xml:space="preserve">Certamente è più che vero, che <lb/>avevano poca correlazione coll’ Ordine di ſotto, non ſolo a motivo della ſoverchia <lb/>leggerezza, ma ancora per corriſpondere ai vivi dei pilaſtri inferiori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2826" xml:space="preserve">e di più ezian-<lb/>dio a motivo della cornice dei nicchi, o fineſtre, che ſormontavagli: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2827" xml:space="preserve">errore conſi-<lb/>derabile, come altrove abbiamo oſſervato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2828" xml:space="preserve">Ora mi è venuto aſſai in acconcio lo <lb/>ſteſſo Ordine Corintio, che oſſervaſi nel terz’ Ordine del Coloſſeo, che eſſendo ſtato <lb/>diligentemente miſurato dal Deſgodet, e diſtinto nel ſuo medeſimo Libro, rilevo in <lb/>eſſo una proporzione, che quadra a maraviglia nel caſo preſente, non meno per la <lb/>proporzione, che per l’ unione della medeſima antichità, che aſſai vale inſeren-<lb/>dola ad altra antichità ſomigliante. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2829" xml:space="preserve">Quindi valendomi di queſt’ Ordine Corintio, e <lb/>ponendolo nel luogo ove era il meſchino, queſto viene a prendere maggior mo-<lb/>dulo, ed a corriſpondere di vantaggio all’ Ordine di ſotto, nè ſarà mai diſprez-<lb/>zabile, benchè non abbia altezza di teſte nove e mezzo, com’è il ſuo ſolito, ma <lb/>ſolamente di nove teſte, com’ è quello del Coloſſeo nel terz’ Ordine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2830" xml:space="preserve">In tal modo <lb/>piomba beniſſimo ſopra i pilaſtri di ſotto, e fa buona comparſa ricevendo modulo <lb/>competente e proporzionato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2831" xml:space="preserve">Vi ho poſto i ſuoi primi capitelli, perchè erano anti-<lb/>chi, e di buona ſtimabile maniera, ed inoltre ſcannellati i pilaſtri, perchè formino <lb/>un’egual leggerezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2832" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre avendo oſſervato gli otto altari nel giro di detta Roton-<lb/>da, cioè, che quattro occupano il fronteſpizio, e ſono i due vicini alla Cappella mag-<lb/>giore, e gli altri due vicino all’ingreſſo d’eſſo Tempio, e che gli altri quattro oc-<lb/>cupano il rimenato, ma parve aſſai dicevole farne la ſteſſa corriſpondenza anche nell’ <lb/>Attico ſopra i nicchi, colla varietà di collocar ſopra il fronteſpizio il rimenato, e<unsure/> <lb/>ſopra il rimenato il fronteſpizio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2833" xml:space="preserve">di più per maggior grazia, e dicevolezza dei nic-<lb/>chi, ſembrami coſa ottima il porvi la piana ſoſtentata da due modiglioni, che ac-<lb/>creſce aſſai nobiltà, sì per la buona legatura, e per l’ appoggiar naturale degli ſteſ-<lb/>ſi nicchi, come altresì per la buona comparſa delle ſteſſe ſtatue. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2834" xml:space="preserve">I riquadri parimen-<lb/>te s’ uniformano a quei, che vi erano prima, e tutto fa la ſua armonioſa compar-<lb/>ſa, non meno ſopra l’arco, che tutto all’intorno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2835" xml:space="preserve">Nel mezzo del ſopr’ arco ho col-<lb/>locato lo ſtemma Pontificio di Clemente XI.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2836" xml:space="preserve">, che ora ſta ſulla colonna nudo, e meſ-<lb/>chino, e quì compreſo da cartella lo ſteſſo ſtemma ſoſtenuto da due Angeli, che coll’ <lb/>azione, e coll’ali occupano il ſito leggiadramente, laſciando i riquadri corriſponden-<lb/>ti agli altri, liberi, e netti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2837" xml:space="preserve">Sopra le due colonne ho collocato due Angeli in piedi, <lb/>che formano leggiadrae conveniente comparſa col rimanente dell’opera. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2838" xml:space="preserve">Vi aggiun-<lb/>go inoltre per maggior decorazione nelle caſſette del cupolone i roſoni toccati con <lb/>oro, che certamente ſarebbero riuſciti di molto ſplendore, e di magnifica comparſa. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2839" xml:space="preserve">In ſomma l’ ornamento al ſuo luogo ſarà ſempre commendabile, e da praticarſi per <lb/>rilevare quella grandioſità, che tanto ſtimavano gli Antichi, ed i moderni d’ ottimo <lb/>guſto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2840" xml:space="preserve">e così deeſi fare imitando perpetuamente il buono, e laſciando tutto quello, <lb/>che non conviene, che non ſarà mai lodevole per i diſordini, che produce.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2841" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="22" file="0130" n="130" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0130-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0130-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption46" xml:space="preserve">Propozitione per d converuente <lb/>restauro del atico entro d Panteon.</caption> </figure> <pb o="23" file="0131" n="131" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div77" type="section" level="1" n="77"> <head xml:id="echoid-head89" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta nel portico ſuperiore del Palazzo della Sapienza di Roma.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2842" xml:space="preserve">Eccovi pur quì due porte in una; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2843" xml:space="preserve">ma di figura diverſa, poichè ſono alquanto <lb/>ſvelte, e leggiere: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2844" xml:space="preserve">per altro ciò nulla affatto rileva, poichè il loro compleſſo ſi ri-<lb/>duce ad una meſchinità, che nulla ha di buono: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2845" xml:space="preserve">tutto è ſecco, nè ha coſa alcuna <lb/>conveniente alla buona, e perfetta Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2846" xml:space="preserve">Non so comprendere, come poſſa-<lb/>no penſar così male quelli, che voglion eſſer chiamati Architetti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2847" xml:space="preserve">Io per me gli de-<lb/>nominerei Architetti di confuſione, non già di giuſta ragione, mentre l’ornato po-<lb/>ſto ſopra queſte porte altro non rappreſenta, che un traſtullo da fanciulli, i quali <lb/>credono ogni coſa ſtimabile e buona. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2848" xml:space="preserve">E di vero in queſto luogo, nèi circoli forman-<lb/>ti piramide nella mezzarìa delle porte, nè le cornici poſtevi ſopra ſoſtenute dal fron-<lb/>teſpizio, ſono adattate, ma bensì goffe, e peſanti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2849" xml:space="preserve">come altresì i geroglifici poſti <lb/>nel mezzo nulla hanno di buono grazioſo aggruppato intreccio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2850" xml:space="preserve">Povera Architettu-<lb/>ra ridotta a sì mal partito in una Roma, le cui Antiche fabbriche ſon famoſe per <lb/>tutto il mondo, e ſono l’eſempio del vero, e del bello operare! Nel preſente ſtato <lb/>di coſe tutto è al roverſcio, mentre ciò, che ſi vede operare, riſulta piuttoſto lavo-<lb/>ro da ſtuccatori, che da Architetti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2851" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div78" type="section" level="1" n="78"> <head xml:id="echoid-head90" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta nel Clauſtro dei Padri di San Filippo Neri.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2852" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi per un poco la ſcompoſta Architettura di queſta porta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2853" xml:space="preserve">E’egli penſare <lb/>da buono Architetto, o piuttoſto da ſcempiato, e diſordinato il voler rigirare la cor-<lb/>nice in sì mala forma, la quale, oltre al dar peſo alla ſoglia, porta inſieme ſopra <lb/>il ſuo ſporto anche il fronteſpizio, che riſalta in fuori, e rieſce di peſantiſſimo aſ-<lb/>petto? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2854" xml:space="preserve">Le zanche poi delle due tei<unsure/>te così replicate ſono aſſai trite, e niente affatto <lb/>corriſpondenti colla faccia del telaro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2855" xml:space="preserve">la medaglia parimente, che ſta nel mezzo, <lb/>non rappreſenta che un meſchino ſigillo, anzichè rieſca di decoroſo ornamento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2856" xml:space="preserve">Per <lb/>me io la battezzerei per una quadratura peſante, ſtorpiata, e peſſimamente ideata, <lb/>priva affatto di buona proporzione, e di figura moſtruoſa.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2857" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="24" file="0132" n="132" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0132-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0132-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption47" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta nel portico superiore nel Palazzo dello studio della Sapienza</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0132-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0132-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption48" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta nel Clauſtro dell’Oratorio <lb/>de P. P. di S. Filippo Neri</caption> </figure> <pb o="25" file="0133" n="133" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div79" type="section" level="1" n="79"> <head xml:id="echoid-head91" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra nella Cupola della Sapienza di Roma.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2858" xml:space="preserve">Simile foggia di fineſtre viene oſſervata, e datone l’eſempio dal Palladio nel ſuo <lb/>Libro pag. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2859" xml:space="preserve">94.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2860" xml:space="preserve">, che dice d’averla veduta in Tivoli in un Tempio rotondo dedica-<lb/>to alla Dea Veſta, aggiungendo inoltre, che Vitruvio inſegna la maniera di fare <lb/>tali fineſtre: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2861" xml:space="preserve">ma non già come dimoſtra il preſente eſempio della fineſtra della cu-<lb/>pola del Tempio della Sapienza di Roma, che ha la ſoglia a modo di fronteſpizio, <lb/>e non dritta, coſa, che ſcompone grandemente la bella ſimmertrìa, ſendo una biaſi <lb/>mevole bizzaria per la deformità della figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2862" xml:space="preserve">Non è così nelle fineſtre del Tempio <lb/>di Tivoli, che hanno le ſoglie dritte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2863" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre queſta ha gli ornati intorno non ſo-<lb/>lo peſanti, ma diſdicevoli, mentre i triglifi, e le gocce ne’fianchi ſono certamente <lb/>per l’Ordine Dorico, non mai per queſto, che vien ſoſtentato dall’Ordine Corintio, <lb/>come rilevaſi dal diſegno dello ſteſſo Tempio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2864" xml:space="preserve">Laonde ella ſi è coſa diſdicevoliſſima, <lb/>ripugnante alla ragione di buona Architettura, che vuole, che ſi ſchivi tutto quel-<lb/>lo, che la diſordina, e che ſi laſci perpetuamente nella ſua primiera purità, e ſchiet-<lb/>tezza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2865" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="26" file="0134" n="134" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0134-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0134-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption49" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra nella Cupola della <lb/>Sapienza di Roma.</caption> </figure> <pb o="27" file="0135" n="135" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div80" type="section" level="1" n="80"> <head xml:id="echoid-head92" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre della facciata del Palazzo de’Signori Baccelli, ed altra in quello <lb/>dei Signori d’Aſte.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2866" xml:space="preserve">Io direi, che queſte fineſtre ſuperiori così aggravanti ſopra la propria ſoglia, po-<lb/>ſte ſenza regola, altro non ſieno, che ſtravolte immaginazioni lontaniſſime dalla <lb/>vaga, e giuſta maniera nobile, e leggiera, che dee procurare l’ottimo Architto, il <lb/>quale dee far conoſcere in tutte le occaſioni il pregio e valore dell’Arte, ornando <lb/>ſempre mai con poſatezza, e ragionevol modo ſecondo ciò, che conviene.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2867" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div81" type="section" level="1" n="81"> <head xml:id="echoid-head93" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra nel Palazzo Barberini ſopra il giardino.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2868" xml:space="preserve">Vorrei veramente por ſine a ſimiglianti oſſervazioni, poichè molte già ne ho fat-<lb/>te; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2869" xml:space="preserve">ma ſiccome m’imbatto di quando in quando a vederne di quelle, che non ſi <lb/>poſſono ſorpaſſare, forz’è, ch’<unsure/>io mi ponga a far l’eſame anche della preſente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2870" xml:space="preserve">Di-<lb/>co pertanto, che la compoſizione di queſta fineſtra è lontaniſſima dal ſano operare, <lb/>poichè mirando quelle due non ſo ſe cartelle, od altro, che fiancheggiano l’arco, <lb/>battendo nella ſerraglia, e trovandoviſi attaccati a roſette i due feſtoni pendenti, <lb/>formano una ſconciſſima figura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2871" xml:space="preserve">di più quel pezzo d’architrave piantato ſopra la <lb/>luce di detta fineſtra interrotto per accompagnar la ſerraglia, e col rimanente del <lb/>peſo, che gli ſovraſta, ove ſotto al rimenato ſta attaccata la gran conchiglia, e nel <lb/>di ſopra anche il fronteſpizio, forma un paſticcio, che ſe vi foſſe chi lo poteſſ<unsure/>e ap-<lb/>provare, mi appellerei ai periti, che ſon certo lo condannerebbero altamente.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2872" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div82" type="section" level="1" n="82"> <head xml:id="echoid-head94" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra del piano nobile nel Palazzo del Signor Principe Pio.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2873" xml:space="preserve">Non ſarà parimente inutile l’oſſervare queſta fineſtra, che è alquanto ſtravagante. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2874" xml:space="preserve">Che gli uomini penſino di variare per moſtrar talento, nol diſapprovo, purchè va-<lb/>rino nel miglior modo, corretto, e commendabile; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2875" xml:space="preserve">ma che ſi penſi così ſtravagan-<lb/>temente dagli Architetti, non ſo intenderla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2876" xml:space="preserve">Veggo in queſto luogo una fineſtra no-<lb/>bile, per decoro e magnificenza della fabbrica, ornata d’Architettura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2877" xml:space="preserve">ed oſſervo a <lb/>un tempo ſteſſo ſopra il telaro, o ſoglia un fronteſpizio a maniera di rimenato, che <lb/>diviſo nella mezzaria ſorma un buco, dal quale eſce furioſamente un Leone. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2878" xml:space="preserve">Che <lb/>improprio penſare! Pretendere, che in un tal luogo ſia una tana di fiere per porre <lb/>ſpavento! Oltredichè non ſi ſa come il fronteſpizio poſſa reggere ſopra il telaro, <lb/>quando lo ſporto del fregio della cornice lo ſpinge in ſuori, mentre per potervi ſta-<lb/>re converrebbe, che il fregio foſſe piano, e non gonſio, com’egli ſi è. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2879" xml:space="preserve">Queſti ſon <lb/>giocolini da ragazzi, e non ſerio ornamento nobile e decoroſo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2880" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="28" file="0136" n="136" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0136-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0136-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0136-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0136-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption50" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre della facciata del Palazzo de’S’<unsure/>ignori Baccelli, ed altra in quello <lb/>dei Sig<emph style="sub">ri</emph> d’Aſte</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0136-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0136-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption51" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra nel Palazzo <lb/>Barberini ſopra il giardino<lb/>Fineſtra del piano nobile <lb/>nel Palazzo del Sig<emph style="sub">r</emph> Principe Pio</caption> </figure> <pb o="29" file="0137" n="137" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div83" type="section" level="1" n="83"> <head xml:id="echoid-head95" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Eſempio della Porta Pia, di cui tratta il Galazzini, facendone rilevare gli errori.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2881" xml:space="preserve">Molto a lungo, ed a parer mio con gran giuſtezza parla il Galazzini degli erro-<lb/>ri di queſta Porta; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2882" xml:space="preserve">ed io pure con eſſo diſapprovo tutto quello, che la diſordina e <lb/>ſcompone. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2883" xml:space="preserve">Parrebbe ſuperfluo pertanto, ch’io ne favellaſſi, dopo che ne ha perſetta-<lb/>mente trattato il medeſimo ſcrittore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2884" xml:space="preserve">Tuttavia ſembrami doverſi aggiungere, che que-<lb/>ſta Porta tanto decantata, ed in tante e varie ſtampe manifeſtata, altro non voglia <lb/>ſar comprendere, che fino a’noſtri giorni meriti qualche conſiderazione di buona e <lb/>vaga Architettura l’intreccio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2885" xml:space="preserve">Ma e chi crederà mai ciò, ſe non ſe quelli, che nul-<lb/>la affatto intendonſi della vera Architettura, eſſendo più che certo, eſſere una tal <lb/>Porta un faſcio aggruppato di parti ſproporzionate, che non potrà mai eſſere appro-<lb/>vato dai Saggi?</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2886" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div84" type="section" level="1" n="84"> <head xml:id="echoid-head96" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo de’N.CC. di Sermoneta.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2887" xml:space="preserve">L’errore di queſta Porta ſi rileva nel rimenato, dove accartoccia, rimanendo in <lb/>aria: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2888" xml:space="preserve">nè può mai dirſi, o crederſi aſſicurato dalla tavoletta dell’Iſcrizione, che è <lb/>ſoſtentata dal rocchello, che gli fa piede, eſſendo la medeſima di gretta e miſera <lb/>forma; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2889" xml:space="preserve">e perciò lo ſteſſo rimenato viene patentemente a reſtare in aria: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2890" xml:space="preserve">inoltre il <lb/>cantonale ſenza la propria caſſa, l’ornato del fianco non corriſponde col rimanente <lb/>di eſſa, niente eſſendovi di buono, fuorchè le bugne, perchè ſi portano al centro, <lb/>a differenza di quelle della colonna, che ſon gonfie a pero roverſciato, novità, che <lb/>poco vale per moſtrar grazia, che anzi produce goffezza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2891" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2892" xml:space="preserve">Il Palladio nel ſuo Libro d’Architettura a carte 51. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2893" xml:space="preserve">dice, che non ſi può ſenon <lb/>biaſimare quella maniera di fabbricare, la quale partendoſi da quello, che la natu-<lb/>ra delle coſe c’inſegna, e da quella ſemplicità, che nelle coſe da lei create ſi ſcor-<lb/>ge, quaſi un’altra natura facendoſi, ſi parte dal vero buono, e bel modo di fabbri-<lb/>care. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2894" xml:space="preserve">Per la qual coſa non ſi dovrà in vece di colonne, o pilaſtri, che abbiano a <lb/>ſoſtener qualche peſo, porre cartelle, le quali ſi dicono cartocci, che ſon certi in-<lb/>volgimenti, che agl’intendenti fanno bruttiſſima viſta, ed a quelli, che non ſe n’ <lb/>intendono, appariſcono piuttoſto confuſione, che rechino piacere; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2895" xml:space="preserve">nè altro effetto <lb/>producono, ſe non quello d’accreſcere ſpeſe agli edificatori: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2896" xml:space="preserve">medeſimamente non ſi <lb/>farà naſcer fuori delle cornici alcuni di queſti cartocci; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2897" xml:space="preserve">poichè importa, che tutte <lb/>le parti della cornice per qualche effetto ſien fatte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2898" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="30" file="0138" n="138" rhead="OSSER VAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0138-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0138-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption52" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Eſempio della Porta Pia, <lb/>di cui tratta il galazzini, <lb/>facendone rilevare gli errori</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0138-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0138-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption53" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo de’N.CC. di Sermoneta.</caption> </figure> <pb o="31" file="0139" n="139" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div85" type="section" level="1" n="85"> <head xml:id="echoid-head97" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo di Villa Borgheſe.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head98" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra nella facciata di detto Palazzo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2899" xml:space="preserve">Di queſta Porta, e di queſta fineſtra, che ſtanno nella facciata del Palazzo della <lb/>Villa Borgheſe non può negarſi, che compariſcano vaghe alla viſta, ma non man-<lb/>cano ad eſſe i loro difetti, e tutti hanno rapporto al peſante. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2900" xml:space="preserve">Se ſi conſidera la por-<lb/>ta, ſi vede eſſer la medeſima caricata ſopra la ſoglia, pel riquadro della cornice, <lb/>e pel fronteſpizio, il quale poſando ſopra, è evidente, che un tal peſo viene a po-<lb/>ſare ſul falſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2901" xml:space="preserve">Non gli producono tampoco alleggerimento le due cartelle. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2902" xml:space="preserve">Si potreb-<lb/>be forſe dire, che gli deſſero un po’di forza le due zanchette alle teſte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2903" xml:space="preserve">Ben è vero <lb/>però, che ſiffatte conſiderazioni non baſtano a ſcuſare l’Architetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2904" xml:space="preserve">Quanto alla fi-<lb/>neſtra, eſſa pure compariſce realmente peſante riſpetto al riquadro della ſoglia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2905" xml:space="preserve">ol-<lb/>tre di che il rimenato è troppo alto, e maſtino, mentre a proporzione della porta, <lb/>ingrandiſce più del dovere, nè punto viene alleggerito il peſo dalle aquile volanti <lb/>adattatevi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2906" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div86" type="section" level="1" n="86"> <head xml:id="echoid-head99" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta dell’Oſpizio preſſo la Fontana in capo a Ponte Siſto.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2907" xml:space="preserve">Non ſarà fuor di propoſito l’oſſervare in queſta porta la ſtravaganza del ſuo com-<lb/>pleſſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2908" xml:space="preserve">Eſſa adunque è d’Ordine Dorico, ma alquanto ſconciato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2909" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre è peſan-<lb/>tiſſima la ſoglia d’eſſa porta pel ripiego, cherilevaſi nel diſegno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2910" xml:space="preserve">Simili ſoglie veg-<lb/>gionſi pure così peſanti in varie altre porte, come in quella del Palazzo del Princi-<lb/>pe d’Eſte, in quella del Palazzo Lancellotti, in quella del Palazzo del Marcheſe Cre-<lb/>ſcenzi, e in diverſi altri luoghi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2911" xml:space="preserve">Ma tornando alle prime conſiderazioni, dopo d’ <lb/>aver veduto la peſantiſſima incoerente ſoglia, rilevaſi, ch’eſſa porta ha il trigliſo <lb/>con goccie ſotto il fregio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2912" xml:space="preserve">e perchè queſto non è il ſuo vero ſito, ma nel fregio <lb/>ſteſſo, produce deſormità. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2913" xml:space="preserve">Sì palpabili errori è più ſtrano, che veggianſi in Roma, <lb/>in quella Roma, che ſerve di norma a tutto il Mondo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2914" xml:space="preserve">Eppure i moderni Romani <lb/>Architetti non poſlon ſottrarſi alla giuſta cenſura di tali ſpropoſiti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2915" xml:space="preserve">debbonſi loro mal-<lb/>grado arroſſire, ſendo convinti, che operano contro la vera ragione d’Architettura, <lb/>e contro il retto modo di fabbricare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2916" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div87" type="section" level="1" n="87"> <head xml:id="echoid-head100" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo Aleſſandrino.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2917" xml:space="preserve">Anche queſta è deformata dal ſuo grande errore, ed è, che la ſoglia d’eſſa porta <lb/>viene aggravata da certa bizzarra invenzione, che taglia i trigliſi, e le merope all’Or-<lb/>dine Dorico, che le ſta ſopra, e le toglie il leggiero, comparendo peſante per lo <lb/>ſcherzo, che produce, e che è diſadatto a ſegno che s’oppone a tutte le naturali <lb/>ragioni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2918" xml:space="preserve">Siffatte incoerenze nulla vagliono, nè poſſono aver luogo nella verace, e <lb/>ſoda Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2919" xml:space="preserve">Tal difetto è omai divenuto comune in mezzo ad una Roma.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2920" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div88" type="section" level="1" n="88"> <head xml:id="echoid-head101" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo dei Signori Cenci alla Dogana.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2921" xml:space="preserve">Queſta porta è molto particolare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2922" xml:space="preserve">Ella compariſce d’Ordine Dorico; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2923" xml:space="preserve">ma ſenza <lb/>derogare alla ſtima dovuta al ſuo Architetto, forz’è dire, che non può compren-<lb/>derſi, come poſſanvi aver luogo i due pilaſtri, che la formano, ſaltando agli occhi <lb/>le bugne dei pilaſtri ſteſſi poſte in modo, che dalla parte di fuori rimangono entro <lb/>il vivo del pilaſtro, e dalla parte di dentro ſcappan fuori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2924" xml:space="preserve">Non ſo intendere, che <lb/>razza di vivacità ſia queſta, per non dirlo ſcomponimento patentemente viſibile. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2925" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre ha queſta porta cinque bugne nel di ſopra, ed eſſe formano la ſoglia, mo-<lb/>ſtrano d’eſſere sbandate occupando tutta la cornice, talchè giungono fino al diſotto <lb/>del Fronteſpizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2926" xml:space="preserve">Ora io dimando, ſe le medeſime poſſano così da ſe reggerſi, eſuſ-<lb/>ſiſtere?</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2927" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="32" file="0140" n="140" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0140-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0140-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0140-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0140-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption54" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo di Villa <lb/>Borgheſe.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0140-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0140-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption55" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta dell’Oſpizio preſſo la <lb/>Fontana in capo a Ponte Siſto.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0140-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0140-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption56" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo Aleſſandrino.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0140-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0140-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption57" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra nella facciata <lb/>di detto Palazzo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0140-06" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0140-06"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption58" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo dei Sig<emph style="sub">ri</emph> Cenci <lb/>alla Dogana.</caption> </figure> <pb o="33" file="0141" n="141" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div89" type="section" level="1" n="89"> <head xml:id="echoid-head102" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo del Principe Altieri.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2928" xml:space="preserve">Più, che ognialtra, queſta certamente è ſtrana a motivo di quella ringhiera, che <lb/>vi ſi oſſerva, e per la novità del penſare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2929" xml:space="preserve">Il porre per cantonale alla detta ringhiera <lb/>una colonnella in vece di pilaſtrini ſe4; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2930" xml:space="preserve">a dir vero una particolare ſtravaganza, che <lb/>preſenta inoltre meſchiniſſima apparenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2931" xml:space="preserve">Il rimanente poi, vale a dire, che la ſo-<lb/>glia non corriſponda col capitello, oppure coll’architrave, ma che queſto reſti ſmez-<lb/>zato, fa sì, che nulla componga buona armonia colle parti medeſime, laſciando di <lb/>più tronco l’architrave per ampliare il vano, e porvi ſemplici feſtoni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2932" xml:space="preserve">Penſare egli <lb/>è queſto privo di ragione, e di fondamento.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2933" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div90" type="section" level="1" n="90"> <head xml:id="echoid-head103" xml:space="preserve">Porta in Campidoglio nella nuova fabbrica.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2934" xml:space="preserve">Da queſta porta ſi può con più evidenza rilevare, quanto diſdica il porre ſopra <lb/>le ſoglie ornati peſanti, che aggravino aſſai le medeſime. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2935" xml:space="preserve">Chiunque attentamente ſi <lb/>farà ad oſſervarla, vedrà manifeſtamente eſſer la medeſima d’aſpetto impropriſſimo, <lb/>non meno pel rimenato adorno di copioſe gocce, come altresì pel fronteſpizio sì ma-<lb/>le accomodato, appoggiando il tutto ſulla povera ſoglia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2936" xml:space="preserve">che ſe eſſa reſiſte, e non <lb/>cede, non può eſſere, che una ſpezie di prodigio, naturalmente non potendo regge-<lb/>re in cotal guiſa.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2937" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div91" type="section" level="1" n="91"> <head xml:id="echoid-head104" xml:space="preserve">Sopraffineſtra nella Baſilica Vaticana.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2938" xml:space="preserve">Queſta merita la noſtra attenzione per la ſua ſtravagante figura, e pel modo, col <lb/>quale è eſeguita. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2939" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervino pertanto le zanche, una grandiſſima, l’altra ſulla ſo <lb/>glia piccola, e come queſta ſoſtiene il fronteſpizio, che viene ad aggravarſi tutto in <lb/>falſo ſulla ſoglia ſteſſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2940" xml:space="preserve">Siſſatte coſe ſono, e dir ſi debbono sforzature, e non coſe <lb/>naturali, e ſecondo l’arte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2941" xml:space="preserve">e perciò ſommamente biaſimevoli, e da ſchivarſi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2942" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div92" type="section" level="1" n="92"> <head xml:id="echoid-head105" xml:space="preserve">Porta nel ſecond’ Ordine del Palazzo Vaticano.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2943" xml:space="preserve">Queſta porta è pure diſordinata, perchè ha il rimenato peſante ſulla propria ſo-<lb/>glia e zanca appoggiata al cantonale, e fuori del vivo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2944" xml:space="preserve">Ella forma figura poſticcia, <lb/>e non naturale e ſtabile: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2945" xml:space="preserve">tiene al di fuori la cartella per ornamento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2946" xml:space="preserve">ma ciò non <lb/>vale a renderla leggiera, ed avvenente, ſiccome converrebbe sì per la nobiltà, e <lb/>maeſtà dell’ ingreſſo ſteſſo, come altresì in rapporto alla medeſima Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2947" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="34" file="0142" n="142" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0142-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0142-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0142-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0142-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption59" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta nel Palazzo del <lb/>Principe Altieri</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0142-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0142-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption60" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta in Campidoglio <lb/>nella nuova fabrica</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0142-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0142-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption61" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Sopra ſineſtra nella <lb/>Baſilica Vaticana<lb/>Porta nel secondo ordine <lb/>del Palazzo Valicano</caption> </figure> <pb o="35" file="0143" n="143" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div93" type="section" level="1" n="93"> <head xml:id="echoid-head106" xml:space="preserve">Porta con Ringhiera ſopra la facciata del Palazzo del Signor Principe Panfilj.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2948" xml:space="preserve">Anche queſ<unsure/>ta porta con ſopra la ringhiera tiene della ſomiglianza con quella del <lb/>Principe Altieri poc’anzi oſſervata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2949" xml:space="preserve">Sarà pertanto molto a propoſito il riflettere al <lb/>mal uſo oſſervato nel cantonale d’eſſe porte, in cui vien poſta la colonnella in vece <lb/>del pilaſtrino. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2950" xml:space="preserve">Le noſtre oſſervazioni pertanto in tal particolare comincino dalla fi-<lb/>gura delle cartelle laterali alla porta, cioè, quella di maeſtà alta, l’altra di fianco <lb/>baſſa, l’una non corriſpondente all’altra, ma diſgiunte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2951" xml:space="preserve">Vero ſi è, che la princi-<lb/>pale ſta bene nel ſuo luogo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2952" xml:space="preserve">ma e come mai la ſeconda può accompagnare la pri-<lb/>ma, quando queſta nè per la cornice della zanca, dove comincia, nè dove termi-<lb/>na, ha la menoma correlazione colla principale, ein oſſervando la ſua figura fa ma-<lb/>ravigliarſi della gran diſſonanza delle parti? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2953" xml:space="preserve">Venghiamo ora alla ringhiera. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2954" xml:space="preserve">Se nell’ <lb/>altra abbiamo deteſtato il modo così ſconcio di porre la colonnella nel cantonale, <lb/>in queſta dobbiamo confermarci vie maggiormente nella noſtra cenſura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2955" xml:space="preserve">poichè vie-<lb/>ne anche raddoppiata dalla mezza colonnella, per accompagnar le altre porte fra i <lb/>pilaſtrini, le quali in vece di nobilitare, diſdicono per la meſchinità della loro com-<lb/>parſa non meno, che pel diſordinato proſilo, che preſenta la sì ſcompoſta figura-<lb/>Dove mai cotali Artefici hanno appreſo sì ſtorto penſare? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2956" xml:space="preserve">Certamente non mai da-<lb/>gli Antichi, che ſono ſtati maiſempre correttiſſimi nel loro operare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2957" xml:space="preserve">ma bensì da <lb/>moderni Artefici d’umore ſtravolto, che col diſtinguerſi allo ſpropoſito e capriccio-<lb/>ſamente, hanno creduto di ſegnalarſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2958" xml:space="preserve">ma ſi ſono renduti oggetto di biaſimo a chi-<lb/>unque guſta la buona Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2959" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div94" type="section" level="1" n="94"> <head xml:id="echoid-head107" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo della Sapienza di Roma con fineſtra e ringhiera ſopra.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2960" xml:space="preserve">Dopo d’ aver biaſimato le due antecedenti ringhiere, ſi deve far parola anche di <lb/>queſta, come per ſigillo, e conferma di quanto ſi è detto per rapporto al reo uſo <lb/>tenuto nel cantonale delle medeſime. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2961" xml:space="preserve">Anche il preſente eſempio ſervirà per fare in-<lb/>tieramente conoſcere, quanto diſdica l’uſo sì ſcorretto e fuori di ragione, praticato <lb/>ſoltanto da quegli Architetti, che non intendono il modo, che dee praticarſi nel <lb/>giuſto maneggio della nobile Architettura, la quale altro non vuole, nè intende di <lb/>volere, ſe non ſe ciò, che ſia ragionevole, e perfetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2962" xml:space="preserve">Adulterare il buon uſo, e <lb/>corromperlo non è ſofferibile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2963" xml:space="preserve">Delle altre ſi è detto ciò che occorreva; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2964" xml:space="preserve">ora deeſi ag-<lb/>giungere alcuna coſa particolare della preſente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2965" xml:space="preserve">L’Architettura di queſta, sì per la <lb/>ringhiera, come pel fronteſpizio, e per le menſole, che adornano la fineſtra, merita <lb/>alcuna rifleſſione, per rilevare tutti i difetti, che l’accompagnano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2966" xml:space="preserve">In primo luogo, <lb/>e che ſono mai, od a che mai ſervono quelle due orecchie, o cartelle poſte ai fian-<lb/>chi della porta in così meſchina forma? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2967" xml:space="preserve">Forſe per tenere, o ſerrare il modiglione <lb/>della ringhiera, che eſce della cornice di detta porta? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2968" xml:space="preserve">Nò certamente, poichè non <lb/>ſe gli addice coſa così ſcarſa, e dappoco, ma bensì qualunque altro accompagna-<lb/>mento più conſacente, e regolato in retta Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2969" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi poi la ſtravagan-<lb/>te ringhiera, e foggia sì diſdicevole al vero ſuo eſſere naturale, mentre anche que-<lb/>ſta termina colla colonnella in vece di pilaſtrino, ed è anche poſta fuori del vivo <lb/>quaſi abbandonata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2970" xml:space="preserve">Queſto pure è operare fuori di ragione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2971" xml:space="preserve">e per meglio rilevare <lb/>quanto dico, diaſi un’occhiata al profilo d’eſſa ringhiera, e ſi ſcuoprirà, che tutte <lb/>le colonnelle reſtano abbandonate, e prive dei loro pilaſtrini, che uniſcono inſieme, <lb/>e adornano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2972" xml:space="preserve">ma quì nel modo, che ſono eſeguite, non hanno alcuna naturalezza, <lb/>nè grazia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2973" xml:space="preserve">Similmente quanto alla fineſtra io domando, ſe quei due pendenti, o <lb/>menſole, che ſoſtengono il fronteſpizio, poſſano commendarſi? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2974" xml:space="preserve">Quanto a me tengo <lb/>per falſo tal penſamento, e non mai naturale, poichè ſono sì roverſciate, e peſanti <lb/>al di ſotto, che niente più. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2975" xml:space="preserve">Le due zanche poi in giro, che rieſcono ſotto il goc-<lb/>ciolatojo del fronteſpizio, non ſervono, che ad immeſchinire l’Architettura, non mai <lb/>ad ingrandirla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2976" xml:space="preserve">In ſomma ſe vi è nulla di buono, ſono i ſoli quattro modiglioni, <lb/>che ſoſtiene queſto pergolato, Tutto il rimanente è deteſtabile, e cattivo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2977" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="36" file="0144" n="144" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0144-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0144-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0144-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0144-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption62" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Profilo della <lb/>Ringhiera</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0144-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0144-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption63" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta con Ringhiera <lb/>ſopra la facciata del <lb/>Palazzo del Signor <lb/>Principe Panfilij.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0144-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0144-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption64" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo della <lb/>Sapienza di Roma con <lb/>fineſtra, e Ringluera ſopra.<lb/>Profilo della <lb/>Ringhiera</caption> </figure> <pb o="37" file="0145" n="145" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div95" type="section" level="1" n="95"> <head xml:id="echoid-head108" xml:space="preserve">Porta e Ringhiera del Palazzo di S.A.R. il Gran Duca di Toſcana.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s2978" xml:space="preserve">Dobbiamo ora parlare di varie porte, che ſopra eſſe hanno ringhiera, e prima d’ <lb/>ogni altra di quelia, che è nel Palazzo dell’Altezza Reale del Gran Duca di Toſcana, <lb/>che è d’Ordine Jonico, ma col ſolito difetto diviſato nelle antecedenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2979" xml:space="preserve">vale a dire, <lb/>colla ſoglia maſtina, e aſſai peſante ſul falſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2980" xml:space="preserve">col di più, che la ringhiera, che ſta <lb/>ſopra, prolungandoſi fino al termine del gocciolatojo della cornice, rieſce di ſconcia <lb/>figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2981" xml:space="preserve">Non ſarà difficile in queſto luogo il far ciò intendere, e rilevare, mentre oſ-<lb/>ſervando i ſeguenti diſegni ſi può chiaramente comprendere quanto eſpongo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2982" xml:space="preserve">Piomba <lb/>ſopra la mezzeria della colonna il pilaſtrino del poggio, e va bene; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2983" xml:space="preserve">ma il ſecondo al <lb/>di fuori appoggiando ſullo ſporto del gocciolatojo fa ſcomparire la figura, in guiſa che <lb/>ſembra un peſo fuori del vivo, eſſendo certo, che dalla mezza colonna di dentro <lb/>portando tratto ſpazioſo di colonnelle ſino alla mezzeria della porta, reſta leggiera; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2984" xml:space="preserve">ma dalla mezzeria di detta colonna al di fuori tenendo appreſſo altro pilaſtrino con <lb/>ſole due mezze colonnelle, ſubito queſta parte rieſce gretta, meſchina, e ſgarbata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2985" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Nè mi ſi dica, che ciò ſia ſtato fatto per allungare la ringhiera, perchè ciò ſi po-<lb/>trebbe ſolo tollerare, ſe la ringhiera foſſe fatta di ferro, e non di pietra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2986" xml:space="preserve">poichè la <lb/>pietra non può ſtare ſenza il ſuo ſoſtegno reale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2987" xml:space="preserve">Di quelle di ferro ſe ne veggiono <lb/>ſopra la porta del Palazzo Chigi, e ſopra le due porte del Palazzo Falconieri, ſopra <lb/>la porta del Palazzo Giuſtiniani, e ſu quella del Caſino ſul Gianicolo alla Lungara. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2988" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Diverſe pure ve ne ſono di pietra, come ſulla porta del Palazzo Sacchetti, ſu quel-<lb/>la del Palazzo dei Cornari, ſu quella del Palazzo del Principe Altieri, come anche ſo-<lb/>pra quella del Palazzo del Marcheſe Paluzzi Albertoni: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2989" xml:space="preserve">tale ſi è anche quella ſul Pa-<lb/>lazzo Corſini, quella del Palazzo della Cancelleria, e ſu quella del Palazzo del Cardi-<lb/>nal Dezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2990" xml:space="preserve">Per altro ſiflatta foggia di ringhiere moſtra piuttoſto uu terrazzo, o al-<lb/>tana, che altro, mentre queſti terrazzi, o altane ſi prolungano fin ſull’orlo delle tra-<lb/>vi, che le ſoſtengono: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2991" xml:space="preserve">ma le ringhiere di pietra debbono perpetuamente appoggiar-<lb/>ſi ſu i vivi, o delle colonne, oppure delle muraglie, e così formano ottima com-<lb/>parſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2992" xml:space="preserve">Nè mi ſi aggiunga, che la ſteſſa cornice ſerve loro di ſoſtegno; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2993" xml:space="preserve">poichè in <lb/>tal caſo dirò, che i ſoli modiglioni, che piombano di ſotto al pilaſtrino, ſono quel-<lb/>li, ai quali conviene un tale ufizio per la loro forza connaturale: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2994" xml:space="preserve">e così la ringhie-<lb/>ra può aver luogo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2995" xml:space="preserve">Queſto baſti per appagare in certo modo gli umori bizzarri, e <lb/>ſtravaganti, i quali credendo di nobilitare la fabbrica, l’aggravano per lo contrario, <lb/>e l’indeboliſcono molto colle ſteſſe cornici, e molte volte ſe ne ſono vedute ſpezzar-<lb/>ſi e rovinare, e ciò a motivo del peſo, che non poſſon portare, nè reggerſi in ve-<lb/>run modo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2996" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s2997" xml:space="preserve">Ringhiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo della Cancelleria.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s2998" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s2999" xml:space="preserve">Ringhiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo del Cardinal Dezza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3000" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s3001" xml:space="preserve">Ringhiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo Sacchetti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3002" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s3003" xml:space="preserve">Ringhiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo dei Signori Cornari.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3004" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3005" xml:space="preserve">Queſte quattro porte con ringhiera, delle quali già parlammo, eſſendo le più par-<lb/>ticolari, e diſtinte, oltre le altre, che a bella poſta ſi paſſano in ſilenzio, debbon-<lb/>ſi conſiderare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3006" xml:space="preserve">Sarà dunque bene l’oſſervare la loro figura, perchè ſi comprenda mag-<lb/>giormente, e ſi rilevi lo ſgarbato modo, che appariſce; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3007" xml:space="preserve">poichè tali ringhiere ſon <lb/>poſte ſull’orlo del gocciolatojo, fuori del vivo, e ſenza la loro ragione reale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3008" xml:space="preserve">Sarà <lb/>pertanto coſa ottima il riflettere in avvenire ammaeſtrati da ſiffatti errori sì univer-<lb/>ſali, e majuſcoli, qual modo debbaſi tenere nel farle.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3009" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="38" file="0146" n="146" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0146-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0146-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0146-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0146-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption65" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta e Renghiera del Palazzo di S.A.R. <lb/>il Gran Duca di Joſcana.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0146-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0146-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption66" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Renghiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo <lb/>della Cancellaria</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0146-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0146-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption67" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Renghiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo <lb/>del Cardinal Dezza</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0146-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0146-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption68" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Renghiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo <lb/>dei Signori Cornari.<lb/>Renghiera ſulla Porta del Palazzo <lb/>Sacchetti.</caption> </figure> <pb o="39" file="0147" n="147" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div96" type="section" level="1" n="96"> <head xml:id="echoid-head109" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervazione ſopra le nuove figure di ſoprapporte, e fineſtre propoſte dal P. Pozzi, <lb/>parte cavate dalle fabbriche, e parte di ſua invenzione.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3010" xml:space="preserve">Dopo d’aver conſiderato tante varietà di ſconce fineſtre, e di ſoglie di porte pe-<lb/>ſanti, è neceſſario dar parimente un’occhiata a quelle, che ci preſenta il Padre Poz-<lb/>zi nella ſeconda Parte del ſuo Libro, in cui dice d’aver cavato da molte fabbriche <lb/>di varia invenzione quelle porte, e fineſtre, che gli ſono parute più nobili, e che <lb/>ſi ſcoſtino dalle volgari, e d’avervene aggiunte altre di ſua fantaſia, perchè ſe ne po-<lb/>teſſe ſervire chiunque ne aveſſe voglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3011" xml:space="preserve">Fa bene a dire, che ſe ne ſerva chi ne aveſ-<lb/>ſe voglia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3012" xml:space="preserve">poichè 10 non ſaprei, come mai poteſſero aver corpo fra gl’intendenti le <lb/>figure, che queſto buon Frate propone, che ſono delle condannate, e da perpetua-<lb/>mente condannarſi, a motivo delle grandi improprietà, che in ſe racchiudono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3013" xml:space="preserve">Si <lb/>oſſervi la prima ſotto il Numero 1.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3014" xml:space="preserve">, che è di ſua invenzione, da eſſo propoſta per <lb/>la ſacciata di San Giovanni in Laterano nel ſecondo diſegno, che il medeſimo ne <lb/>fece. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3015" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è di ſoglia falſa, perchè, oltre l’eſſere colle due teſte in aria, facendo <lb/>arco nel mezzo, ha di ſotto conchiglia pure in aria, che pareggia la dirittura della <lb/>ſteſſa ſoglia, collo ſconcerto del modiglione, ocartella nel mezzo della cornice, che <lb/>gira in fronteſpizio cuſpide, il quale appoggia ſull’arco, e lo aggrava, in vece di <lb/>ſollevarlo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3016" xml:space="preserve">Coſa ſtravagante certamente, non ragionevole in verun conto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3017" xml:space="preserve">Quanto <lb/>alla fineſtra, che ſegue ſotto il Numero 2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3018" xml:space="preserve">e chi può tacere, vedendola così ſtravolta <lb/>nelle ſue cornici, che piombano tutte ſopra la ſoglia, facendo quaſi centro colle car-<lb/>telle, e col maſcherone, ſopra cui vi è il ripieno riquadrato, e ſommamente peſan-<lb/>te? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3019" xml:space="preserve">Se queſta fineſtra poſſa dirſi nobile, laſcio aſſerirlo da chi poſſiede il buon gu-<lb/>ſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3020" xml:space="preserve">Similmente è di ſua invenzione la porta ſotto il Numero 3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3021" xml:space="preserve">Queſta non contie-<lb/>ne un jota d’Architettura, ma è puro lavoro da ſtuccatore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3022" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi poi altra fi-<lb/>neſtra ſotto il Numero 4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3023" xml:space="preserve">con i rimenati a roverſcio, terminanti ſul mezzo della ſo-<lb/>glia, interrotti pure da cartelle; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3024" xml:space="preserve">ed ha nella mezzeria per ripieno teſta con cimie-<lb/>ro, e feſtoni, e campanelle; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3025" xml:space="preserve">e nelle parti il riccio, che ſoſtiene leſenatura della cor-<lb/>nice. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3026" xml:space="preserve">In queſto luogo dee dirſi parimente, che la cornice, e i rimenati a nulla ſer-<lb/>vono per riparar dalle piogge; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3027" xml:space="preserve">ma bensì, che tutta cada la pioggia ſulla mezzeria <lb/>della fineſtra, lo che non ſolo rieſce incomodo, ma forma figura d’ecceſſivo peſo <lb/>alla ſteſſa ſoglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3028" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſteſſo dee dirſi dell’ altra ſotto il Numero 5. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3029" xml:space="preserve">per rapporto alla <lb/>deforme figura formata dalla ſoglia, eſſendo così inzancata e peſante colla meſchini-<lb/>tà delle due cartelline alle parti ſotto alle zanche: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3030" xml:space="preserve">come altresì dell’altra, che ſe-<lb/>gue al Numero 6. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3031" xml:space="preserve">la diremo moſtruoſa pel cantonale fatto alla foggia di legnajuolo, <lb/>non mai d’Architetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3032" xml:space="preserve">La ſua compagna poi al Numero 7. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3033" xml:space="preserve">è malamente compoſta, <lb/>quaſi priva della ſua vera ſoglia, perchè parte inzancata con cartelle, che ſoſtengo-<lb/>no tutta cornice cuſpide, e nella mezzeria ſcudo con feſtoni appoggiati ſullo ſcarſo <lb/>filo della ſteſſa ſoglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3034" xml:space="preserve">Le altre, che ſeguono ai Numeri 8. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3035" xml:space="preserve">e 9. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3036" xml:space="preserve">ſono d’aſſai ſtravol-<lb/>ta invenzione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3037" xml:space="preserve">Dimando ora io: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3038" xml:space="preserve">ſe queſte porte, e fineſtre riconoſciute dal P.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3039" xml:space="preserve">Pozzi <lb/>per particolari, e nobili, s’abbiano a creder tali, oppure peſanti, mentre ve ne ſono <lb/>di meſchine, e volgari; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3040" xml:space="preserve">e ſe debban ſervire d’eſemplari, oppure ſien tanti gruppi <lb/>d’errori da evitarſi quanto è mai poſſibile, non eſſendo nè grandioſe, nè proprie, <lb/>nè giuſte, nè convenienti? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3041" xml:space="preserve">Dirò adunque, che molti penſano di ſaper molto, e ſono <lb/>ignorantiſſimi del vero, e del poſitivo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3042" xml:space="preserve">Le idee volgari diſdicono certamente all Ar-<lb/>chitetto giudizioſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3043" xml:space="preserve">Eppure a queſti tali ſi applaude dai cervelli corrotti, e vaghi <lb/>della rea moda, e che ſenza procurare d’intendere ſi fiſſano nell’opinione corrotta, <lb/>e voglion ſoſtentare il cattivo per buono, e non curando il buono amano perderſi <lb/>negli abuſi, ed errori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3044" xml:space="preserve">Gran vergogna ell’è in vero il veder la verità, e la purità <lb/>della ſcienza sì conculcata, e che non s’abbia più a formar concetto dell’ottimo. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3045" xml:space="preserve">Non torneranno più i paſſati tempi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3046" xml:space="preserve">ma potrebbe ben riſorgere il buono, quando ven-<lb/>gano eſaminati gli antichi eſemplari, e bandite le ſtravaganze.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3047" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div97" type="section" level="1" n="97"> <head xml:id="echoid-head110" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo del Senatore di Roma.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3048" xml:space="preserve">Queſta porta ha del particolare, mentre eſſendo contornata dal telaro, che le ſer-<lb/>ve d’erte, e di ſoglia, tiene tuttavia l’arco attaccato all’erte ſteſſe, e queſto poſto <lb/>meſchinamente, privo dei requiſiti, che richiede la maeſtà, e il decoro d’eſſa por-<lb/>ta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3049" xml:space="preserve">Il meno, che poteſſe dirſi, è, che appariſce poſticcio, non moſtrando ragione al-<lb/>cuna per ſoſtenerſi, nè per eſſer ſoſtenuto, eſſendo privo d’ogni ſoſtegno, cioè dell’ <pb o="40" file="0148" n="148" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> impoſte, che gli converrebbero, e della cornice, che gli darebbe corpo, e gli fareb-<lb/>be ornamento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3050" xml:space="preserve">oppure ſe le zanche del telaro foſſero a maniera ripiegata, che po-<lb/>teſſe ſervire di telaro, ed inſieme di cornice all’arco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3051" xml:space="preserve">Così andrebbe a dovere, men-<lb/>tre ogni ſua parte avrebbe il dovuto ornamento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3052" xml:space="preserve">Per quel, che ſpetta al rimenato <lb/>accartocciato, sì al di ſotto, che al di ſopra, che abbraccia il pilaſtro Jonico, il te-<lb/>laro della porta, e cartella nel mezzo, che ſoſtiene lo ſporto della cornice accompa-<lb/>gnata da aletta al di ſotto, ſi può ſupporre bizzarria, non mai convenienza, eſſen-<lb/>do ſopra una porta eſpoſta alle piogge. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3053" xml:space="preserve">Nè ſarà mai ſcuſabile l’eſſer tagliato, poi-<lb/>chè così non può fare il ſuo ufizio, quale è il difendere dall’acqua. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3054" xml:space="preserve">In altro luogo <lb/>tratteremo più diſteſamente di tali rimenati vizioſi, ſendoſi pur troppo introdotto l’ <lb/>abuſo di valerſene ſenza alcuna conſiderazione, giudicandoſi ſpiritoſi e grazioſi, e <lb/>non incoerenti, e vizioſi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3055" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div98" type="section" level="1" n="98"> <head xml:id="echoid-head111" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo del Principe Grillo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3056" xml:space="preserve">Ha queſta porta ſimilmente del goffo, e del peſante, ſecondo compoſta di rime-<lb/>nato, fronteſpizio, e zanche, ma ſcorrettamente eſeguiti, come dimoſtra la ſua for-<lb/>ma. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3057" xml:space="preserve">E’a volta, ma l’arcata tiene faſcia meſchina; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3058" xml:space="preserve">e abbonda poi riſpetto a zanche, <lb/>e rizanche con giri, e rigiri, cioè a dire, la prima al di fuori con bovolo, il qua-<lb/>le ſoſtiene la cornice, e il fronteſpizio, e gira in dentro il luce dello ſteſſo goccio-<lb/>latojo, perdendoſi nel bovolo, ove rigira nuovamente per ſoſtenere il rimenato ſot-<lb/>to il fronteſpizio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3059" xml:space="preserve">il qual rimenato nella mezzeria reſta tronco, e ſpianato da appa-<lb/>rente ſerraglia, o menſola, con maſcherone, cartella, e conchiglia, ſotto alla quale <lb/>poggia ſopra un meſchino giro di due cartocci, dai quali pendono due feſtoni di <lb/>boccoli, o campanelli, che terminano nell’angolo della zanca di dentro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3060" xml:space="preserve">A vero di-<lb/>re una tal figura d’ornamento poſta ſopra la porta d’un Palazzo non è punto deco-<lb/>roſa, perchè non preſenta buona Architettura, e neppure ſoffribile quadratura rego-<lb/>lata formata ſecondo il buon guſto direale compoſizione: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3061" xml:space="preserve">e ſiccome oſſervammo nel-<lb/>le di ſopra accennate porte varj difetti, così in queſta ſecondo il ſolito guſto corrot-<lb/>to oſſerviamo diverſe idee diſordinate, e falſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3062" xml:space="preserve">Io mi perſuado, che gl’intendenti ſie-<lb/>no per conoſcere, che quanto ho detto, e ſono per dire, tutto tende a ſoſtenere il pu-<lb/>ro decoro dell’ottima Architettura, in proporzione ragionevole e giuſta, lontana da <lb/>qualunque ſmorfia, e mala grazia, ſconſiderata, e falſa ne’ſuoi principj, mezzi, e <lb/>fini, che altro non producono, che confuſioni, e diſordini conſiderabili nella vera, e <lb/>ſoda Architettura, la quale null’altro approva, nè può approvare, ſe non la rettitu-<lb/>dine di piantazione, e d’elevazione ragionevole, e ſoda, con ſicurezza tale, e pro-<lb/>babilità indiſpenſabile di ſua vera forza per reggere non meno all’intemperie dei tem-<lb/>pi, che per eſſere a un tempo ſteſſo dilettevole alla viſta dei riguardanti, i quali <lb/>debbon reſtar perſuaſi, che tali manifatture ſieno compoſte di ſcherzi ragionevoli, e <lb/>non di ſogni ridicoli, e vani, La ſaviezza, la maeſtà, il decoro, e tutto ciò, che <lb/>è ragionevole, è prezzato nell’Architettura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3063" xml:space="preserve">e non già le ſconcezze, le irregolarità, <lb/>le ſmorfie, e quanto ſi può penſare di tali moderne invenzioni ridicole, e falſe; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3064" xml:space="preserve">non <lb/>potendo mai darſi, come pretendono certi moderni ſcorretti Architetti, che l’Archi-<lb/>tettura giunga ad eſſer ſimile alle ſcuffie delle femmine, che tratto tratto ſi mutano, <lb/>or con boccoli, rizzetti, naſtri, ed altre ſtravaganti ſmorfie donneſche inutili, e ſvan-<lb/>taggioſe, ſenza verun propoſito, nè ragione, ma ſoltanto di capriccioſo uſo condan-<lb/>nabiliſſimo, e nulla più.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3065" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3066" xml:space="preserve">Il Palladio in ſimil guiſa nel ſuo Libro I. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3067" xml:space="preserve">d’Architettura a carte 52. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3068" xml:space="preserve">dice così =” <lb/>Ma quello, che a mio parere importa molto, è l’abuſo di fare i fronteſpizj del-<lb/>le porte, delle fineſtre, e delle Logge ſpezzati nel mezzo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3069" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè eſſendo eſ-<lb/>ſi fatti per dimoſtrare, ed accuſare il piovere delle fabbriche, il quale così colmo <lb/>nel mezzo fecero i primi edificatori ammaeſtrati dalla neceſſità iſteſſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3070" xml:space="preserve">non so, che <lb/>coſa più contraria alla ragione naturale ſi poſſa fare, che ſpezzar quella parte, che <lb/>è finta difendere gli abitanti, e quelli, che entrano in caſa, dalle piogge, dalle <lb/>cere, non ſi deve però far ciò contro i precetti dell’Arte, e contro quello, che <lb/>la ragione ci dimoſtra =. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3071" xml:space="preserve">Si vede pertanto, che anche gli Antichi variarono, ma <lb/>ſi vede ancora, che non abbandonarono mai le regole univerſali, e neceſſarie dell’ <lb/>Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3072" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="41" file="0149" n="149" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0149-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0149-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0149-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0149-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption69" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervazioni ſopra le nuove figure di ſoprapporte, e fineſtre propoſte dal P. Pozzi, <lb/>parte cavate dalle fabbriche, e parte di ſua invenzione.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0149-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0149-03"/> </figure> <pb o="42" file="0150" n="150" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0150-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0150-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0150-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0150-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption70" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo del Senatore di Roma.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0150-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0150-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption71" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo <lb/>del Principe Grillo</caption> </figure> <pb o="43" file="0151" n="151" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3073" xml:space="preserve">Che il bizzarriſſimo Padre Pozzi inventore ſtrano di capriccioſi penſieri abbia pre-<lb/>t<unsure/>eſo d’accomodare la maeſtoſa, e nobile Architettura naturale, ſoda nelle ſue parti, <lb/>e molto più ſtabile nelle ſue piantazioni, al ſuo modo, non mi reca alcuna mara-<lb/>viglia, poichè altri vi furono innanzi a lui, che la rovinarono in molte parti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3074" xml:space="preserve">ma <lb/>reſto però ſorpreſo, che eſſo Padre Pozzi Geſuita, e il di lui fratello Padre Giuſeppe <lb/>Carmelitano Scalzo ſienoſi inoltrati a teatrizzare la ſteſſa Architettura, in guiſa che <lb/>dalle loro opere già oſſervate in Roma, e quelle, che ſi oſſervano eſeguite in Vene-<lb/>zia dal Padre Giuſeppe, ſi vegga l’ ardir loro inſoffribile nello ſcomporre la formale <lb/>ragionevole Architettura tanto pregiata nella Grecia ſuo primo nido, ed avanzamen-<lb/>to, come in Roma, che ne adottò gli eſemplari, ſiccome ci moſtrano quei pochi a-<lb/>vanzi di vera, e buona antichità, che in eſſa ſuſſiſtono, eſcludendo perpetuamen-<lb/>te della moderna Roma le ſcompoſte, e ſmorſioſe comparſe adulterate.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3075" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3076" xml:space="preserve">Ora mi aggrada d’ eſporre in queſto luogo la preſente figura, che il buon Frate <lb/>propone nella ſua opera in una cima d’ altare con palla iſolata contornata dal tela-<lb/>ro ſeguente tutt’all’intorno, con quarti di colonna rotondi alle parti, le quali ſoſtie-<lb/>ne ſul capitello il ſolo architrave, che gira ſopra la detta palla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3077" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ha doppia <lb/>modenatura nel terzo del cerchio all’ incirca: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3078" xml:space="preserve">la ſerraglia vien rappreſentata dalla <lb/>teſtolina del Cherubino poſtovi ſotto, alzandoſi tutta l’intera cornice nelle due mo-<lb/>denature, la gola delle quali produce nelle teſte un gran cartoccio, inveſtendoſi con <lb/>altro ſimile del ſopraornato, che viene a ſormar voluta alla cima ſteſſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3079" xml:space="preserve">Le due <lb/>colonne principali ſono ſpirali, inghirlandate d’ allori: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3080" xml:space="preserve">hanno i contrappilaſtri dritti, <lb/>e dopo queſti aletta circolare, e ſcannellata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3081" xml:space="preserve">Sono d’Ordine Compoſito, hannocor-<lb/>nice intera, e la ſpirale ha ancora il rimenato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3082" xml:space="preserve">Sopra la palla poi è oſſervabile il <lb/>grande ingombro della peſante cima, che termina colle due corna, e boccolo al di <lb/>fuori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3083" xml:space="preserve">Queſte certamente non producono leggerezza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3084" xml:space="preserve">anzi ingombro peſante e maſtino <lb/>coll’aggiunta della conchiglia, e delle palme: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3085" xml:space="preserve">nè per eſſervi nella mezzeria ſopra la <lb/>modenatura della peſante cornice, e ſerraglia il vaſo con puttini, e con campanel-<lb/>le pendenti dalle cornature delle ſcherzevoli volute laterali vien prodotta leggerezza; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3086" xml:space="preserve">ma tutto queſto contribuiſce a render l’arco, el’altare più peſante, e deforme, per <lb/>le modenature della cornice correnti al punto del centro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3087" xml:space="preserve">ed oſſervandoſi tutto que-<lb/>ſto compleſſo sì aggruppato, irragionevole, e diſſonante dalla ſeria uniformità ed u-<lb/>nione delle parti, che dee dirſi contrario alle regole, che ſono indiſpenſabili da pra-<lb/>ticarſi univerſalmente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3088" xml:space="preserve">Manco male, che lo ſteſſo Autore dice, che ſi potrebbe cor-<lb/>reggere, allorchè in eſſo ſi trovaſſe coſa, che non piaceſſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3089" xml:space="preserve">Ma queſto è dir poco, <lb/>mentre affinchè poteſſe piacere a chi intende, converrebbe mutar tutto, eformarnuo-<lb/>va invenzione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3090" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3091" xml:space="preserve">Da tutte le propoſte invenzioni del Padre Pozzi già noto ai capriccioſi ſtudenti di <lb/>moderna Architettura, coſtoro pretendono ſoſtenere, eſſer giovevole l’ imitarlo, ſtiman-<lb/>do, che invenzioni ſifſatte ſieno pellegrine, e nuove; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3092" xml:space="preserve">e ciò, perchè le veggiono così <lb/>piene di fantaſie, e nulla conſiderano ciò, che addimandi, e voglia l’Arte ragione-<lb/>vole, e perſetta, e quanto importi l’aver l’occhio alle proporzioni, ed alla diſpoſi-<lb/>zione delle parti, col porle ai luoghi loro, e non alterarle, o coll’accreſcerle, o col <lb/>diminuirle, ornando ſoltanto quello, che ammette ornato, e queſto niente più di <lb/>quello che convenga, non aggravando più del dovere, ma tutto collocando in buona <lb/>regola, ſimmetria, e leggerezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3093" xml:space="preserve">Ho ſtimato opportuno l’eſporre le preſenti figure, <lb/>quantunque non ſieno ſtate tutte realmente eſeguite, perchè eſaminandole ſi rilevino <lb/>gli errori, dei quali pieno è l’Autore ſuddetto, eper far conoſcere a quelli, che pren-<lb/>don per buona Architettura gli ſcherzi più ſtravaganti, quanto vadano errati, elun-<lb/>gi dal vero.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3094" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div99" type="section" level="1" n="99"> <head xml:id="echoid-head112" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo del Marcheſe Lancellotti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3095" xml:space="preserve">Benchè abbiamo diligentemente eſaminato, e parlato di molte altre porte con ſo-<lb/>glia peſante, non credo ſuor di propoſito tuttavia il dare un’occhiata anche a que. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3096" xml:space="preserve">ſta; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3097" xml:space="preserve">affinchè ſempre più reſti condannato il reo uſo delle invenzioni diſſonanti, e <lb/>lontane dal naturale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3098" xml:space="preserve">Queſto ſi rileva nella preſente ſoglia, che viene innalzata dal-<lb/>la ſteſſa zanca fin ſotto ai modiglioni: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3099" xml:space="preserve">ſi oſſervi la malagrazia, che eſſa produce, <lb/>tagliando l’architrave non ſolamente per ſormare uno ſpecchio per porvi quegli ſchi-<lb/>ribizzi, e nelle cantonate le volute con cartelle, e aſſai peſanti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3100" xml:space="preserve">Queſte ſconcezze quel-<lb/>le ſono, che diconſi ripieghi di buona avvenenza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3101" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="44" file="0152" n="152" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div100" type="section" level="1" n="100"> <head xml:id="echoid-head113" xml:space="preserve">Avvertimenti pel retto operare.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3102" xml:space="preserve">Dalle molte porte e fineſtre, e da altre ſabbriche ſinora oſſervate in Roma, eſegui-<lb/>t<unsure/>e in tanti, e sì varj modi, non ſarà inutile il riflettere ſopra quanto abbiamo ſco-<lb/>perto d’errore, e diſordine nelle medeſime; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3103" xml:space="preserve">e queſto per ſolo profitto di chi brama <lb/>erudirſi nel vero modo d’ operare ſenza inciampo e conſuſione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3104" xml:space="preserve">e perchè ognuno poſ-<lb/>ſa reſtare illuminato dagli eſempj finora diviſati, e da quelli altresì, che andremo <lb/>eſponendo, non altra eſſendo la mira mia, che di giovare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3105" xml:space="preserve">Non biſogna adunque <lb/>por mai peſi ſuori del vivo, nè aggravar mai le ſoglie, ſieno di porte, ſieno di fi-<lb/>neſtre, ſopra il vano: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3106" xml:space="preserve">non ſi dee porre cornici ſuori del ſodo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3107" xml:space="preserve">non tagliare i fron-<lb/>teſpizj allo ſcoperto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3108" xml:space="preserve">non porgli a roverſcio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3109" xml:space="preserve">non tagliare gli architravi, poichè eſ-<lb/>ſi formano la legatura principale delle fabbriche: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3110" xml:space="preserve">non collocar peſi ſopra le Zanche, <lb/>nè porre le medeſime ove non convengono: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3111" xml:space="preserve">non raddoppiare i fronteſpizj, o i rime-<lb/>nati fuor di propoſito, nè appoggiargli ſul falſo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3112" xml:space="preserve">non formare archi privi di fian-<lb/>cheggio, come diremo a ſuo luogo, e faremo coll’ eſempio alla mano rilevare il reo <lb/>efſetto, che producono: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3113" xml:space="preserve">non porre i pergolati, o ringhiere ſopra il vivo de’ goccio-<lb/>latoj delle cornici, poichè rieſcono di figura peſante, e ſconcia, come ſi vede con <lb/>frequenza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3114" xml:space="preserve">ma porgli nel vivo della ſottoccornice dei modiglioni, mentre allora rie-<lb/>ſcono più ſvelti, e grazioſi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3115" xml:space="preserve">in ſomma guardarſi bene dal confondere un Ordine coll’ <lb/>altro, e dal porre l’ ordine inferiore ſopra l’ inferiore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3116" xml:space="preserve">ma oſſervar l’ordine naturale. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3117" xml:space="preserve">Dee altresì sſuggirſi di porre Architettura a ridoſſo d’ altra Architettura, coprendo l’ <lb/>una per far comparir l’ altra: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3118" xml:space="preserve">finalmente sſuggire i penſieri irregolari, sì in riguardo <lb/>alla ſoda, e ſeria Architettura, come riſpetto agli ornati, penſando ad operare ſol-<lb/>tanto in quel modo, che inſegnano la ragione, e l’Arte, non curandoſi di bizzar-<lb/>rie, che ſon ſempre vizioſe, ma operar poſatamente, come conviene ad un ſavio Ar-<lb/>chitetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3119" xml:space="preserve">Così operando ſaremo certi di non por piede in fallo, e l’opera noſtra ſarà <lb/>approvata, e commendata da tutti i buoni diſcernitori, e ci acquiſteremo quella ſteſ-<lb/>ſa gloria, onde ſon celebrati gli antichi Architetti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3120" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="45" file="0153" n="153" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0153-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0153-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0153-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0153-02"/> </figure> <pb o="46" file="0154" n="154" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3121" xml:space="preserve">Quanto ſiaſi inoltratto, e tuttavia s’inoltri nell’ Architettura l’ abuſo vizioſo, ce <lb/>lo manifeſta l’ eſperienza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3122" xml:space="preserve">Io oſſervo certi Architetti, che fanno lor gloria nel dichia-<lb/>rarſi Apoſtati nell’ Architettura ſull’ eſempio di Michel Agnolo Buonarroti, del Ber-<lb/>nini, del Borromini, ed anche del Padre Pozzi, tutti Architetti vizioſi, e contrarj <lb/>al vero, e retto modo, che hanno tenuto gli eruditi, e pratici maeſtri dell’ ottima <lb/>antichità, e che ci viene additata chiaramente dalla ſteſſa Natura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3123" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3124" xml:space="preserve">Ora oſſervando il Trattato, e gli eſempj di Bernardo Antonio Vittone Architetto <lb/>Accademico di San Luca di Roma, che ſi dichiara d’ eſſer uno dei veri Comentatorì<unsure/> <lb/>di Vitruvio, e di porre in chiaro tutte quelle oſcurità, che altri proteſtano d’ in-<lb/>contrare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3125" xml:space="preserve">e che per dimoſtrar ciò ha prodotto i ſuoi ſingolari ſtudj e diſegni, ſi <lb/>crede di far con eſſi rilevare il fino ſuo intendere, e la felicità del ſuo capriccioſo <lb/>penſare, sì per quello che concerne l’ erudizione Vitruviana, sì ancora per la diſpo-<lb/>ſizione degli Ordini Architettonici, ſecondo la ſingolare opinione Romana, e le <lb/>propoſizioni del Vignola. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3126" xml:space="preserve">E pure fra quanti hanno ſcritto d’ Architettura il Vigno-<lb/>la è uno de’più ſcarſi, e corti per far intendere qual ſia il vero buono, che debba <lb/>imitarſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3127" xml:space="preserve">Ora il Vittone bramoſo oltremodo di paleſare al Mondo lo ſtudio Roma-<lb/>no, ſoſtenendo le maſſime degli accennati Autori, eſpone non ſolo varie ſue idee <lb/>di fabbriche, ma vi aggiunge varie ſue porte e fineſtre, per accreſcer quelle eſpo-<lb/>ſte dallo ſteſſo Vignola, dalle quali ſi rileverà l’ avanzamento dell’ adulteramento, e <lb/>corrompimento del buono, e vero guſto della purità degli antichi tempi, facendo <lb/>ſempre più rilevare la vizioſità dei tempi preſenti, che rappreſenta ſoltanto ſceniche <lb/>apparenze, che nulla poſſeggono di quella vera ſolidità, che è tanto pregevole, nè <lb/>di quella nobiltà, che è tanto propria della reale e genuina Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3128" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3129" xml:space="preserve">Eccovi pertanto la prima ſua porta, e<unsure/> la prima ſua fineſtra ſemiruſtica, l’una, e <lb/>l’altra d’ordine Toſcano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3130" xml:space="preserve">Sopra la porta è ripiegata la cornice per includere una fi-<lb/>neſtrella per dar lume all’ingreſſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3131" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ſi poteva beniſſimo accomodare ſopra la <lb/>ſteſſa cornice, nè ſarle far comparſa, come quì, di prigione, anzichè d’ onorevole <lb/>abitazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3132" xml:space="preserve">Non ſo intendere, come altri poſſa farſi lecito di ripiegar le cornici, ri-<lb/>voltandole irregolarmente coll’idea d’ accomodamento, e a un tempo ſteſſo romper l’ <lb/>ordine, e l’uſizio d’ eſſe cornici, come appariſce dalle due ſottoccornici tagliate, che <lb/>ſporgono in ſuori a foggia di ſperone, ed appoggiare ſopra dei tuſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3133" xml:space="preserve">quando queſte <lb/>altro non rappreſentano, che legamenti ragionevoli delle fabbriche, e corona dell’ <lb/>opera architettonica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3134" xml:space="preserve">Non ſo tampoco comprendere la collocazione di quelle bugne, <lb/>parte tuſe, e parte riquadrate ſulla ſoglia poſte correnti al centro, mentre queſte al-<lb/>tro non fanno, ſe non figura di tagliare la ſteſſa ſoglia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3135" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3136" xml:space="preserve">La fineſtra poi, che accompagna la porta, ſe ſi conſideri, compariſce ſtorpiata. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3137" xml:space="preserve">Qual è mai la ragione di porre le erte sì tronche al di ſopra, e non correnti in cor-<lb/>nice, ma col tuſo ſopra, formare il fregio parimente tagliato, laſciando il vacuo al-<lb/>la ſola ſerraglia di tufo, la quale ſopravvanza la cornice, e il gocciolatojo totalmente <lb/>raſo da’ membri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3138" xml:space="preserve">Smorſioſa coſa ella ſi è queſta al certo non mai lodevole, veder <lb/>cioè, la ſoglia sì ſmezzata, parte liſcia, parte tuſa, e parte architravata: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3139" xml:space="preserve">coſa pari-<lb/>mente ridicola e montagnuola, e priva d’ ogni leggiera apparenza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3140" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3141" xml:space="preserve">La ſeconda porta è detta dall’ Autore d’Ordine Jonico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3142" xml:space="preserve">Io non ſo, ſe debba con <lb/>ragione così nominarſi a motivo di ſua sì ſtravagante ſigura, lontana dall’ ottima Ar-<lb/>chitettura, non avendo alcun alcun ordine, o regolamento poſitivo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3143" xml:space="preserve">Se è permeſſo dir ciò, <lb/>che è, dovrà dirſi, che è lavoro da ſtuccatore, di figura peſantiſſima, ſenz’ alcuna <lb/>proporzione, e miſura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3144" xml:space="preserve">ſtorpiamenti capriccioſi di bizzarri ingegni, che a briglia <lb/>ſciolta ſi laſciano traſportare dall’ impeto dei loro traſporti vizioſi, non accorgendoſi, <lb/>che il tutto altro non è, che conſuſione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3145" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3146" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervabile pure ſi è in queſto luogo la fineſtra Dorica, che compariſce pompoſa e <lb/>leggiera; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3147" xml:space="preserve">e tuttavia il dotto Galaccini la diſapprova colla ragione da eſſo eſpoſta nel <lb/>ſuo Trattato degli errori degli Arcbitetti, ove propone l’eſempio di porre i telari <lb/>a reggere tutto il peſo della cornice, e del fronteſpizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3148" xml:space="preserve">In queſta però vi è di più, <lb/>ed è la piana, che ſporge in ſuori, e moſtra di non ſoſtenere lo ſteſſo telaro nè po-<lb/>co, nè punto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3149" xml:space="preserve">ma per lo contrario ſembra menſola ornata dalla teſta di leone, che <lb/>abbraccia un occhio, che poſſa ſervire per fineſtra ad un ſotterraneo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3150" xml:space="preserve">Bizzarrie di <lb/>niun momento, e vaniſſime.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3151" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="47" file="0155" n="155" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0155-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0155-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0155-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0155-02"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0155-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0155-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption72" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porte e Fineſtre <lb/>di Vittone <lb/>Architetto moderno.</caption> </figure> <pb o="48" file="0156" n="156" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3152" xml:space="preserve">Eccovi ora la terza porta d’ Ordine Corintio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3153" xml:space="preserve">Si crederà pertanto, ch’ ella ſia a <lb/>norma di queſto ſteſſo Ordine, ma ell’è per lo contrario alterata dal ſolito reo e cor-<lb/>rotto guſto Romano moderno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3154" xml:space="preserve">Primieramente ella ha la ſoglia tagliata da una men-<lb/>ſola irregolare, che ſoſtiene animali: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3155" xml:space="preserve">di più ell’ ha una cima innalzata peſante, e <lb/>tutta appoggiata ſulla ſteſſa ſoglia, come dimoſtrano le due Zanchette attaccate alle <lb/>teſte dell’ erte, coſa ſenza ragione architettonica, non eſſendo permeſſo in buona Mec-<lb/>canica por peſo ſul falſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3156" xml:space="preserve">Ella porta fronteſpizio con ſtemma prelatorio, ne’ fianchi <lb/>tiene due cartelle a modiglione, che ſoſtengono la cornice poſta angolarmente in <lb/>corriſpondenza del fronteſpizio, ed è la ſteſſa ornata da due pine, che dimoſtrano la <lb/>riſtretta fantaſia di chi l’ ha inventata.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3157" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3158" xml:space="preserve">Vi aggiunge poi l’ Autore due fineſtre, perchè ſieno tenute per Ordine Compoſito: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3159" xml:space="preserve">ma ſiccome oſſervo, che la prima ha al di ſotto le gocce, credo, che piuttoſto deb-<lb/>ba dirſi Dorica: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3160" xml:space="preserve">e di vero un ſiffatto ornato sì al di ſotto, che al di ſopra è aſſai <lb/>interrotto, e peſante. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3161" xml:space="preserve">Forma ſotto l’ appoggio una menſola ſoſtenuta dalla due Zatte <lb/>correnti alla quadratura d’eſſa fineſtra, che appoggiano colle gocce ſopra il loro ba-<lb/>ſamento riquadrato, e vengono a formare col loro pendìo ſpazio nel mezzo per l’ <lb/>ornato della corona, e delle palme; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3162" xml:space="preserve">ſiccome al di ſopra ſi ſcuopre meglio la ſoglia <lb/>caricata, per riguardo al riporto poſticcio della cornice, prodotto in corriſpondenza <lb/>del rimanente nel timpano ſotto il fronteſpizio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3163" xml:space="preserve">e dai due profili di cartelle appog-<lb/>giati alle Zanche, mi ſembra, come indicai, Dorica, e non Compoſita una tal fi-<lb/>neſtra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3164" xml:space="preserve">Il più oſſervabile però nella medeſima ſono le replicate leſenature, che veg-<lb/>gionſi nella cima, che rappreſentano un certo interrompimento niente naturale ſopra <lb/>la diviſata ſoglia, come altresì la cornice, ed il fregio gonſio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3165" xml:space="preserve">Queſto non è natu-<lb/>rale, e ſemplice ornato, ma bensì peſanti, e biaſimevoli apparenze.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3166" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3167" xml:space="preserve">Può dirſi lo ſteſſo anche della ſeconda fineſtra, che appariſce picciola, e che ſi tro-<lb/>va in ſimigliante corriſpondenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3168" xml:space="preserve">Ella rappreſenta un gruppo di rappezzamenti fatti <lb/>a<unsure/>lla moda Romana guaſta, lontaniſſimi dal vero guſto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3169" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3170" xml:space="preserve">L'ultima porta, della quale fa moſtra l’ Autore, vien da eſſo detta Compoſita. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3171" xml:space="preserve">Ve-<lb/>ramente ha ragione di così nominarla, poichè è compoſta di tante parti, e pezzami <lb/>ſtorti, e dritti, che però non ſon preſcritti dall’ Ordine Compoſito, il quale anzi gli <lb/>ſtabiliſce tutt’ all’oppoſto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3172" xml:space="preserve">poichè un tal Ordine richiede, e vuole il tutto ottima-<lb/>mente compoſto e regolato, come preſcrive, e per cui tale è decantato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3173" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè <lb/>gli ovoli furongli preſtati dall’ Ordine Dorico, le volute dall’ Jonico, e le foglie dal <lb/>Corintio, e queſte tre coſe lo formarono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3174" xml:space="preserve">Queſto è quell’ Ordine, che dal Palladio <lb/>è riconoſciuto per l’Ordine Romano: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3175" xml:space="preserve">ma in queſto luogo il Vittone lo ſtravolge, e <lb/>vuole, che il ſuo capriccio prevalga, formando un mero paſticcio, che non rappre-<lb/>ſenta tal ordine, ma un ammaſſo ſgarbato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3176" xml:space="preserve">L’erte colla ſoglia così sbeccata ed ele-<lb/>vata in cima grande per ſoſtenere uno ſtemma peſante ſul vuoto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3177" xml:space="preserve">e poſcia i due <lb/>pilaſtri nei fianchi rappreſentanti termini ſtracantonalmente poſti, i quali eſſendo <lb/>meſchini nella pianta, e nella cima imbrogliati di ſagome ſmorſioſe, e colla corni-<lb/>ce ripiegata in giro, formano rimenato, e ſchienale allo ſcudo ſteſſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3178" xml:space="preserve">Sarà più di-<lb/>cevole il denominarla fantaſia ſerpentina, poichè è collocata in guardia di due <lb/>ſerpenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3179" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3180" xml:space="preserve">Nego pertanto francamente, che tali penſieri debbano per buoni approvarſi, per-<lb/>chè ripugnano affatto alla ſeria, e naturale Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3181" xml:space="preserve">E’queſta per lo contrario <lb/>una ſtravagante ed irregolar quadratura, penſata ſul modo degli ſtuccatori, che cor-<lb/>ra, o non corra in regola, vuol far figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3182" xml:space="preserve">Così l’ intendono certi moderni Archi-<lb/>tetti, che vanno in cerca di bazzecole, e traſtulli, per far comparſa ſpiritoſa e va-<lb/>ga. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3183" xml:space="preserve">Queſti però ſon fuori di ſtrada. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3184" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſteſſo poſſiamo dire del Piraneſe, che van-<lb/>ta il nome d’Architetto ſpiritoſo per aver riſtaurato in Roma la Chieſa del Priora-<lb/>to dentro e ſuori, sì per l’ Architettura, che per gli ornati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3185" xml:space="preserve">Queſto pure volendoſi <lb/>diſtinguere più degli altri, immaginò un’ Architettura ſecondo il ſuo capriccio, e <lb/>gli ornati parimente proporzionati al ſuo ſcarſo giudizio, potendoſi in ciò accompa-<lb/>gnare col Poſi, il quale s’ impiegò nel riſtaurare il Pantheon in tutto l’Attico, come <lb/>dicemmo, il quale diè a conoſcere il corto ſuo penſare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3186" xml:space="preserve">Di queſti due Architetti può <lb/>dirſi, che uniformemente al Padre Pozzi tutto rivinarono e ſconvolſero nell’ Archit-<lb/>tettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3187" xml:space="preserve">Coſa veramente deplorabile ai noſtri tempi per Roma, ove i ſuoi Arteſici <lb/>vanno guaſtando i pochi aurei avanzi dell’ Antichità, ſotto il reo preteſto di vie più <lb/>nobilitarla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3188" xml:space="preserve">E’ coſa pur da maravigliarſi, che dopo il Padre Pozzi tutti gli Archi-<lb/>tetti ſienoſi appigliati a penſamenti lontaniſſimi dal vero, ed a veri ſeminarj d’ er-<lb/>rori.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3189" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="49" file="0157" n="157" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0157-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0157-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0157-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0157-02"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0157-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0157-03"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0157-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0157-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption73" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porte e Fineſtre <lb/>di Vittone <lb/>Architetto moderno.</caption> </figure> <pb o="50" file="0158" n="158" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div101" type="section" level="1" n="101"> <head xml:id="echoid-head114" xml:space="preserve">CAPO SECONDO.</head> <figure> <image file="0158-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0158-01"/> </figure> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3190" xml:space="preserve">DOpo d’ avere ſcoperti in varie fabbriche di Roma i molti errori commeſſi dagli <lb/>Architetti, non ſarà fuor di propoſito, che ci facciamo ad eſaminare altresì <lb/>la bella e ricca Città di Venezia nelle ſue ſontuoſe, e magnifiche fabbriche, eſegui-<lb/>te da celebri Autori, come rileveraſſi ciò, che ſon per dire dai preſenti diſegni, <lb/>riſpetto agli errori commeſſi, e che tuttora ſi commettono dai mal pratici Architet-<lb/>ti, i quali hanno enormemente deſormato la buona maniera d’ operare, sì nell’ <lb/>ordine della ſoda, e antica Architettura, come altresì negli ornamenti di quella; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3191" xml:space="preserve">e <lb/>ſenza avvederſene ſi ſon ridotti a non più conoſcere il buono dal cattivo, trovan-<lb/>doſi così fuori di ſtrada, ed afſatto ciechi, rinunziando d’ aprir gli occhi, e di co-<lb/>noſcere il vero, ed abbracciando ſoltanto quello, che ſi chiama bizzarrìa e moda; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3192" xml:space="preserve">ſicchè vanno inſenſibilmente riducendo il perſetto nell’ imperfetto e guaſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3193" xml:space="preserve">E ciò <lb/>che giunto era al colmo della perfezione, come ſi ſcorge in Grecia, ed in Roma, <lb/>confondono per modo, che più non ſi diſcerne la verità, nè la vera virtù. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3194" xml:space="preserve">Queſto <lb/>mio libero parlare non offenda alcuno, poichè io non ebbi mai, nè avrò altro ſine <lb/>con ciò, ſe non quel ſolo, di vedere cioè ch’ entro una Città così nobile ſi per-<lb/>fezionino ſempre più le belle Arti, e ſi accreſcano, nè ſi perdano fatalmente, ſicco-<lb/>me pur troppo è in altre Città accaduto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3195" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div102" type="section" level="1" n="102"> <head xml:id="echoid-head115" xml:space="preserve">Delle ſoglie falſe, e peſanti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3196" xml:space="preserve">Sarà quì pure da conſiderarſi l’ abuſo delle falſe ſoglie, non meno di porte, che di <lb/>fineſtre, il quale abuſo vien praticato in ſuppoſizione di novità, e bizzarria, non ri-<lb/>flettendo quanto ciò ſia fuor di regola, nè poſſa aver luogo nel buono, a motivo <lb/>della peſante, e ſalſa figura, che rappreſenta fuori d’ ogni ragione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3197" xml:space="preserve">Se queſti Ar-<lb/>chitetti ſapeſſero ciò, che è neceſſario a ſaperſi, cioè, che le ſoglie delle porte, e <lb/>fineſtre altro non rappreſentano, che un arpice, per legare l’ erte, o ſtipiti delle <lb/>medeſime, e che queſti non poſſono eſſere aggravati dal peſo ſuori del vivo, perchè <lb/>corrono riſchio di ſpezzarſi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3198" xml:space="preserve">e per difendergli da tale ſconcerto fa meſtieri valerſi <lb/>del ripiego di formargli ſopra un rimenato di cotto entro il proprio muro, affinchè <lb/>lo ſteſſo col proprio peſo non gli opprima, certamente ſe ne aſterrebbero. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3199" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è <lb/>la maniera del buon praticato, e da praticarſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3200" xml:space="preserve">e non mai nelle forme da noi oſſer-<lb/>vate uſarſi in Roma; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3201" xml:space="preserve">ſebbene anche quì fra noi vi ſono i corrompitori, che ſenza <lb/>ritegno fannoſi ad imitare il cattivo guſto, e non il vero, e buono, che convienſi, <lb/>come ſi rileverà dagli eſempj, che con chiarezza vedremo negli appreſſo diſegni.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3202" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div103" type="section" level="1" n="103"> <head xml:id="echoid-head116" xml:space="preserve">Porta entro il Fondaco de’Tedeſchi.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3203" xml:space="preserve">Per ſempre più comprovare quanto ſi è detto, e far conoſcere quanto ſia da ſchi-<lb/>varſi l’ errore di porre i peſi fuori del vivo, ſervirà anche la preſente porta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3204" xml:space="preserve">La ra-<lb/>gione ha certamente il ſuo luogo per ciò che riguarda il durevole, ſiccome ho in <lb/>queſta oſſervato, che ſi vede entro il Fondaco de’ Tedeſchi, e ſerve d’ ingreſſo al <lb/>luogo delle bullette, e ſpedizioni delle merci di detto Fondaco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3205" xml:space="preserve">Dee oſſervarſi la ſua <lb/>ſtruttura, che è aſſai ſtravagante, perchè moſtra di tener la ſoglia appena in luce <lb/>del vano, lo che diſdice grandemente, oltre l’eſſer la medeſima oppreſſa dal peſo, <lb/>che le ſovraſta, e già ſi oſſerva ſpezzata, mentre ha cornice, pilaſtri, e fronteſpi-<lb/>zio per annicchiarſi nel mezzo il Leone Ducale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3206" xml:space="preserve">Non ſo capire, come poffa penſar-<lb/>ſi così male, riſpetto alla ſuſſiſtenza non meno, che alla ſoda Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3207" xml:space="preserve">Io vor-<lb/>rei pur far comprendere tal verità, ſe mai foſſe poſſibile, e che ritornaſſe l’ uſo del <lb/>buono operare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3208" xml:space="preserve">Gran coſa, che il buono ſia conoſciuto, e praticato da sì pochi, per <lb/>non lo dire preſſo che abbandonato da tutti, e venga approvato ſolo quello, che <lb/>non è degno d’approvazione, nè lo potrà eſſere giammai.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3209" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3210" xml:space="preserve">Facciamoci pure ad oſſervare eſſa porta, e dal ſuo eſame agevol ſarà il compren-<lb/>dere la verità delle mie aſſerzioni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3211" xml:space="preserve">Queſta non ſolo ha la ſoglia peſante, ma anche <lb/>poſitivamente inſuſſiſtente, a motivo del peſo, che l’ opprime al di ſopra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3212" xml:space="preserve">e poi per-<lb/>chè la ſua figura moſtra di non aver teſte valevoli per abbracciare, e ſtringer l’ er-<lb/>te medeſime, ma moſtrando d’ eſter quaſi in aria, e ſoſtener così il peſo ſoprappo- <pb o="51" file="0159" n="159" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> ſtole nel falſo, ove ſi vede cornice con pilaſtri, e fronteſpizio, e tutto ciò per for-<lb/>mar nicchio al Leone Ducale, che rappreſenta Magiſtrato per l’ Uſizio ſopraddetto. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3213" xml:space="preserve">Convien dire, che non potrà mai eſſer ragionevole un tal compoſto, perchè è fuo-<lb/>ri d’ogni buona regola, e proprietà. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3214" xml:space="preserve">Si poteva per altro ridurre con maeſtà e deco-<lb/>razione del buono e vero ſiſtema, col porre le coſe ſuddette in guiſa, che poteſſero <lb/>ſervire non meno per ornamento, che per caratteriſtica del Magiſtrato, ſalvando ciò, <lb/>che dee ſalvarſi pel decoro della vera Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3215" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div104" type="section" level="1" n="104"> <head xml:id="echoid-head117" xml:space="preserve">Porta ſul piano della Scala maggiore nel Palazzo dei Civran a S. Gio: Criſoſtomo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3216" xml:space="preserve">Queſta porta ſi vede ſul ſecondo piano della Scala Maggiore nella Caſa dei Civran <lb/>a San Gio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3217" xml:space="preserve">Criſoſtomo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3218" xml:space="preserve">e come l’ eſempio dimoſtra, è piena d’ irregolarità. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3219" xml:space="preserve">La ſua <lb/>ſoglia è ſommamente peſante, le ſue cartelle nulla concludono, il mezzo ſuo pila-<lb/>ſtro Jonico nulla ſoſtiene, nè ſerve a coſa alcuna il rimenato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3220" xml:space="preserve">Tutte queſte coſe ſi <lb/>trovano fuori di ſimmetria, e deformano, anzichè adornare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3221" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div105" type="section" level="1" n="105"> <head xml:id="echoid-head118" xml:space="preserve">Soglia di Porta entro la Cbieſa di S. Barnaba.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3222" xml:space="preserve">E’ queſta ſoglia di porta di forma ſtravagante, e di mal compoſta figura a mo-<lb/>tivo dello ſcherzo irregolare, che rappreſenta, girando al di ſotto della propria groſ-<lb/>ſezza della ſua ſoglia naturale, e poi legandoſi in rimenato al di ſopra, produce <lb/>alla medeſima peſo di conſiderazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3223" xml:space="preserve">Sono queſte irregolarità, che deformano, e <lb/>tolgon la grazia, e la ſodezza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3224" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div106" type="section" level="1" n="106"> <head xml:id="echoid-head119" xml:space="preserve">Soglia di Porta nel Palazzo Graſſi a San Samuele.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3225" xml:space="preserve">La foggia di tali ſoglie così inzancate con bugna nella mezzeria, che vengono ag-<lb/>gravate di peſo ſul falſo irragionevolmente contro l’ eſſer loro naturale, dimoſtra eſ-<lb/>ſer le medeſime ſtate ordinate ſenza ſapere a che debban ſervire, ſe, cioè, per ſo-<lb/>ſtenere e legare la porta, oppure per reſtar oppreſſe, ed infrante dal proprio peſo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3226" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div107" type="section" level="1" n="107"> <head xml:id="echoid-head120" xml:space="preserve">Soglia di fineſtra nella Scuola dell’Angelo a’SS. Apoſtoli.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3227" xml:space="preserve">Di queſta ſoglia dee pur dirſi, come delle altre la figura ſcompoſta, lontaniſſima <lb/>dal leggiero, e vero modo da praticarſi, non dovendo eſſer mai così maſtina e pe-<lb/>ſante, poichè è oppoſto ciò all’ ordine naturale.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3228" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3229" xml:space="preserve">Altra ſoglia ſomigliante ſi oſſerva ſulle due porte laterali della Chieſa del S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3230" xml:space="preserve">Se-<lb/>polcro, con queſto di più, che ſopra la zanca tiene anche cornice leſinata con mo-<lb/>diglioni, che le cagiona peſo maggiore, e le dà più goffezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3231" xml:space="preserve">Siffatte operazioni dir <lb/>ſi debbono moſtruoſità, perchè ſi dilungano da tutte le regole della ſana Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3232" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="52" file="0160" n="160" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0160-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0160-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0160-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0160-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption74" xml:space="preserve">Porta entro il Fondaco de’Jedeſchi.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0160-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0160-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption75" xml:space="preserve">Soglia di Porta entro la Chieſa di S. Barnaba.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0160-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0160-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption76" xml:space="preserve">Soglia di Porta nel <lb/>Palazzo Graſſi a S. Samuele.<lb/>Porta ſul piano della <lb/>Scala maggiore nel <lb/>Palazzo dei Civran <lb/>a S. Gio Griſoſtomo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0160-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0160-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption77" xml:space="preserve">Soglia di fineſtra nella Scuola <lb/>dell’Angelo à SS. Apoſtoli.</caption> </figure> <pb o="53" file="0161" n="161" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div108" type="section" level="1" n="108"> <head xml:id="echoid-head121" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Una delle due porte della Sagreſtia aggravate di peſo ſopra la ſoglia nella Chieſa <lb/>di S. Maria dei Miracoli.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3233" xml:space="preserve">Di queſte porte, che ſi veggono nella preſente Chieſa, e che ſervono d’ingreſſo <lb/>alle Sagreſtie, trovandoſi aggravate ſulla ſoglia dalla menſola, che ſoſtiene il pul-<lb/>pito, ful quale ſi legge l’Epiſtola, e il Vangelo, debbo dire, che la lor maniera <lb/>non è lodevole, eſſendo certiſſimo, che la menſola ripoſa ſolamente ſulla mezzeria <lb/>della ſteſſ<unsure/>a ſoglia, e per trovarſi queſta ſpinta dal peſo, che le è ſopra, ſta ſempre <lb/>in procinto di ſpezzarſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3234" xml:space="preserve">e ſe la porta non foſſe così riſtretta di luce, certo ſi è, <lb/>che a queſt’ ora ſi ſarebbe ſpezzata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3235" xml:space="preserve">Il modo ſicuro d’ operare in caſi ſomiglianti <lb/>altro eſſer non può, ſe non ſe quello di formare la porta a volta, poichè l’arco fa <lb/>perpetuamente forza, e con ragione ſuſſiſte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3236" xml:space="preserve">e così uno opera ſecondo l’Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3237" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div109" type="section" level="1" n="109"> <head xml:id="echoid-head122" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Una delle due porte laterali, ed alzato eſterno di detta Chieſa.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3238" xml:space="preserve">Non ſi da error più ſolenne dello ftravolgere gli Ordini, e confondere il retto uſo <lb/>dei medeſimi, ſiccome ci avverte il Galaccini a carte 65. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3239" xml:space="preserve">dicendo, come non con-<lb/>viene in verun conto il por l’ordine ſuperiore ſotto all’inferiore, cioè, che il fervo <lb/>faccia l’ufizio del padrone, e viceverſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3240" xml:space="preserve">ſiccome rilevaſi nel preſente eſempio, che <lb/>eſſendo d’Ordine Corintio al di ſotto, tiene nel ſecondo di ſopra l’Ordine Jonico, <lb/>l’uno e l’altro aſſai ornato ſecondo il guſto antico: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3241" xml:space="preserve">e per eſſer la detta Architettu-<lb/>ra meſcolata di parti buone, ſebbene non ſeguenti, ne ho poſto l’eſempio, affinchè <lb/>ſi rilevi il diſdicevole nello ſcalvacare gli Ordini, lo che non conviene in verun <lb/>conto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3242" xml:space="preserve">in quella guifa appunto, che uno voleffe, che le braccia faceffero l’ufizio <lb/>delle gambe, e le gambe quello delle braccia, del che dar non ſi potrebbe defor-<lb/>mità più ſcempiata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3243" xml:space="preserve">Il diſordine iſteſſo ſi rileva parimente nel campanile della Chie-<lb/>fa di San Gio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3244" xml:space="preserve">Criſoſtomo, che è ornato d’Architettura, ma ſcavalcata nella guiſa <lb/>ſteſſa, cioè, in cui è poſto l’Ordine Corintio ſotto all’Ionico, lo che, come dicem-<lb/>mo, è deformità.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3245" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="54" file="0162" n="162" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0162-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0162-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption78" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Vna delle due porte della <lb/>Sagreſtia aggravate di peſo <lb/>ſopra la ſoglia della Chieſa <lb/>di S. Maria dei Miracoli.<lb/>Vna delle due porte laterali, <lb/>ed alzato eſterno di <lb/>detta Chieſa</caption> </figure> <pb o="55" file="0163" n="163" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div110" type="section" level="1" n="110"> <head xml:id="echoid-head123" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Degli sforzati alzamenti delle colonne fuor di propoſito.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head124" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Come appunto ſon quelle della porta della scuola grande di S. Marco Evangeliſta, <lb/>e le altre nella Cappella degli Apoſtoli in San Gio: Criſoſtomo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3246" xml:space="preserve">Somma ſi è certamente la ſtravaganza nel porre le colonne ſopra replicati piedi-<lb/>ſtalli, come ſi è veduto ai giorni noſtri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3247" xml:space="preserve">Veramente conſiderando, come ſiffatti erro-<lb/>ri, e sì enormi incoerenze paffano per lodevoli compoſizioni, e ben eſeguite, mi rie-<lb/>ſce ſtrano, che niun profeſſore zelante dell’Arte nobiliſſima dell’Architettura non ſia-<lb/>ſi poſto a conſiderargli, gli abbia sfuggiti, ed abbia procurato d’illuminare il delu-<lb/>ſo mondo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3248" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3249" xml:space="preserve">Quindi io dico, e perpetuamente dirò, che la bene ordinata Architettura non dee <lb/>avere, nè tenere irregolarità ſcompoſte, e vizioſe, come le preſenti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3250" xml:space="preserve">cioè, collocare i <lb/>pilaſtri di loro intiera proporzione e miſura, e poi formarvi dirimpetto colonna piccio-<lb/>la e meſchina, ſicchè vi ſia biſogno, perchè abbia corriſpondenza col pilaftro, d’un <lb/>replicato piediſtallo, che la porti alla conveniente altezza, e alla proporzione, che <lb/>ſe gli aſpetta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3251" xml:space="preserve">S’io non vado errato, eccovene gli eſempj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3252" xml:space="preserve">Sia il primo le due co-<lb/>lonne d’Ordine Corintio poſte contro ai pilaſtri alla Porta della Scuola Grande di San <lb/>Marco Evangeliſta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3253" xml:space="preserve">il ſecondo poi ſieno quelle poſte all’arcata della Cappella degli <lb/>Apoſtoli nella Chieſa di San Giovan Criſoſtomo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3254" xml:space="preserve">Oſſerviamole un tratto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3255" xml:space="preserve">Che effetto <lb/>vi fa mai il vedere il pilaſtro sì prolungato, che arrivi a piantare ſul regolone di ſotto, <lb/>ed accompagni la ſua baſe con quella del piediſtallo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3256" xml:space="preserve">e poi ſopra due piediſtalli, l’ <lb/>uno quadro, l’altro rotondo, pieni tutti d’ornamenti, poſta la colonna di fronte <lb/>al proprio pilaſtro, la quale ſi agguaglia allo ſteſſo capitello, portando del pari la <lb/>propria ſua cornice? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3257" xml:space="preserve">Quelle poi di S.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3258" xml:space="preserve">Gio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3259" xml:space="preserve">Criſoſtomo, che s’accoſtano molto alle già <lb/>eſaminate, variano foltanto da eſſe, che il pilaſtro pianta ſopra il primo piediſtallo, <lb/>e la colonna ſopra il ſecondo rotondo e ornato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3260" xml:space="preserve">Simiglianti ripieghi in buona Ar-<lb/>chitettura ſi chiamano rappezzi, e giocolini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3261" xml:space="preserve">O il pilaſtro trovaſi in proporzione, o <lb/>nò: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3262" xml:space="preserve">ſe ſi trova, e perchè porgli di fronte una colonna di minor modulo, e che per <lb/>arrivare all’altezza dovuta della propria cornice ſia di neceſſità il porvi un piediſtal-<lb/>lo artifizioſo, che nulla abbia coerente al ſuo eſſere, ſecondo l’ordine ſopraccenna-<lb/>to? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3263" xml:space="preserve">Tali diſordini ed errori finora non conſiderati ſi ſchivino in avvenire diligen-<lb/>temente: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3264" xml:space="preserve">e ſebbene gli Architetti di quei tempi, nei quali furono queſti errori com-<lb/>meſſi, aveſſero ſtima, tuttavia dee dirſi, che malamente operarono, perchè trincia-<lb/>vano, e ſcemavano le debite ſimmetrie ſtabilite agli Ordini reſpettivi, ſecondo la buo-<lb/>na Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3265" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="56" file="0164" n="164" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0164-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0164-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption79" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Profilo della porta della Scuola grande di S. Marco Evangeliſta.</caption> </figure> <pb o="57" file="0165" n="165" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div111" type="section" level="1" n="111"> <head xml:id="echoid-head125" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervazioni ſopra i pilaſtri tagliati: <lb/>Come appunto ſon quelli, che ſi veggiono entro la Chieſa di San Gio: Criſoſtomo, <lb/>come anche ſopra la facciata d’eſſa Chieſa.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3266" xml:space="preserve">Dobbiamo conſiderare in queſto luogo, come nel buon ordine di retta Architet-<lb/>tura non debbonſi mai tagliare le parti principali d’eſſa Architettura, che anzi per <lb/>lo contrario debbon conſervarſi intiere, e nette pel maggior loro decoro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3267" xml:space="preserve">In queſta <lb/>Chieſa, che abbonda di leggiera Architettura, ſi rileva il groffo errore di tagliare i <lb/>pilaſtri in modo diſdicevole, e moſtruoſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3268" xml:space="preserve">Si offervi la ſua figura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3269" xml:space="preserve">l’Ordine è Corin-<lb/>tio, ha piediſtallo e pilaſtri, con baſe, e capitello, e cornice: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3270" xml:space="preserve">formano cantonali <lb/>agli archi ſuperiori con dopo alette, ed impoſte con loro arcate; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3271" xml:space="preserve">e queſte ſteſſe impoſte <lb/>leſinate girano a ridoſſo, ed intorno al ſuddetto pilaſtro, di modo che troncano la <lb/>ſveltezza del medeſimo, rendendolo ſmezzato, e che offende la viſta degl’intendenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3272" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3273" xml:space="preserve">Similmente ſopra la facciata con ugual diſordine ſi offervano le pilaſtrate del <lb/>prim’ordine con cornici leſinate, ed alzarſi nel cantonale ſtorpiatamente il rimenato, <lb/>poichè trovaſi piantato fuori della cornice, e che col ſuo slancio giunge a tagliare <lb/>per mezzo il pilaſtro del ſecond’ ordine, che ha parimente cornice, e rimenato ſo-<lb/>pra nella guiſa ſteſſa dell’inferiore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3274" xml:space="preserve">Tutte ſcorrezioni fon queſte da diſapprovarſi, co-<lb/>me quelle che ſono effetti di falſa Architettura guaſta e corrotta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3275" xml:space="preserve">e di vero tutto quel-<lb/>lo, che rappreſenta pilaſtro o colonna, dee perpetuamente comparir libero, affinchè <lb/>moſtri tutta la ſua forza nel ſoſtenere: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3276" xml:space="preserve">come altresì i rimenati debbono piantar ſempre <lb/>ſul vivo, e non ſul falſo, ſiccome trovanſi queſti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3277" xml:space="preserve">Errori tutti, che non poſſono <lb/>ſcufarſi, e che diſonorano l’Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3278" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div112" type="section" level="1" n="112"> <head xml:id="echoid-head126" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta della Chieſa di S. Martino.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3279" xml:space="preserve">Lo fteſſo dir poſſiamo eziandio delle alette collocate preſſo le colonne nella porta <lb/>della Chieſa di San Martino, ed in quella del Sepolcro, nelle quali, come appari-<lb/>ſce dal diſegno, reſta l’aletta di fuori col capitello Corintio tagliata nel traverſo della <lb/>cornice dell’impoſta dell’arco di detta porta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3280" xml:space="preserve">Così ancora dee intenderſi di quei ca-<lb/>pitelli poſti all’alette, che tagliati da faſce vanno poi a terminare in volute, come <lb/>ſono appunto quelle del ſecond’ordine della facciata di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3281" xml:space="preserve">Maria Zobenigo, come <lb/>anche l’altre d’eſſo ſecond’ordine ſu quella dei Carmelitani Scalzi, che non rappre-<lb/>ſentano nè alette, nè volute, ma piuttoſto moſtri, che abbiano bella teſta, e che <lb/>poi vadano a finire in aborti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3282" xml:space="preserve">In alcuna occaſione ſi può far uſo della voluta, ma <lb/>ſenza capitello fogliato, e vi potrà ſoltanto aver luogo quello, che ſia d’Ordine To-<lb/>ſcano, o Dorico, che forma teſta, o berretta, e niente più; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3283" xml:space="preserve">e queſto diceſi il vero <lb/>modo d’operare da favio Architetto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3284" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="58" file="0166" n="166" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0166-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0166-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption80" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta della Chieſa di S. Martino.<lb/>Entro la Chieſa.<lb/>Pilaſtri Jagliati entro e fuori <lb/>della Chieſa</caption> </figure> <pb o="59" file="0167" n="167" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div113" type="section" level="1" n="113"> <head xml:id="echoid-head127" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Una delle due porte di riva nel Palazzo de’ NN. UU. Peſaro ſopra il r<unsure/>io.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3285" xml:space="preserve">Simigliante Architetoura non può in verun conto approvarſi, come quella, che è <lb/>deformata e falſa nelle ſue parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3286" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi, quanto è ſgarbata la ſua poſitura, e <lb/>quanto male ſia appoggiata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3287" xml:space="preserve">Sono anche più biaſimevoli i ſuoi colonnati tozzi, e <lb/>deformati, sì mal meſſi nel loro peduzzo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3288" xml:space="preserve">Il rimanente poi, della cornice cioè, e <lb/>d’altro venne affai male concepito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3289" xml:space="preserve">Eppure l’Architetto credeva d’eſſerſi fatto par-<lb/>tito, col far moſtra d’una nuova invenzione, che ſi luſingava eſſere una prova di <lb/>ſua inſigne bravura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3290" xml:space="preserve">Gran cofa, che quell’Architettura tanto ftimata, onorevole, e <lb/>pura, colla quale i famoſi Artefici antichi adornavano le fabbriche con loro gloria, <lb/>e fama, per le ottime proporzioni, e adeguati penſamenti in tutti gli Ordini ſem-<lb/>pre diſpoſti con nobiltà: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3291" xml:space="preserve">dove per lo contrario veggionſi ai tempi noſtri pregiudica-<lb/>te, e guaſte, con ornati privi di grazia deformati, e ridotti a sì mal partito, che <lb/>non ſi ſa oggimai più riconoſcere il pregio della felice, e virtuoſa Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3292" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3293" xml:space="preserve">Da queſta ſcorrettiſſima porta ſi potrà rilevare, quanto ſia biaſimevole l’ uſo di <lb/>ſcorrette proporzioni, che ſi ſcoſtano dall’unione di retta ſimmetria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3294" xml:space="preserve">Sembra, che que-<lb/>ſta porta ſia d’Ordine Toſcano, tanto ſi manifeſta l’alto, e il piano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3295" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè <lb/>le colonne ſieno ſcarſiffime nella loro altezza, come quelle, che non paſſano le ſei <lb/>teſte del loro peduzzo, compreſo il capitello. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3296" xml:space="preserve">Quanto a me, penſo, che queſto Ar-<lb/>chitetto, che ſi valſe di sì ſcarſa miſura, pretendeſſe di ſecondare il gran Vitruvio, <lb/>ove dice, che nella Jonia fu fabbricato ad Apollo Pannionio un Tempio, perchè pri-<lb/>ma ne aveva veduto un altro eretto nella Città dei Doreſi, ove volendo por le co-<lb/>lonne, nè avendo peranche le ſimmetrie delle medeſime, perchè poteſſero reggere il <lb/>peſo con qualche vaghezza di proporzione, quel tale Architetto miſurò la pianta del <lb/>piede virile, e di groſſezza formando da baffo il fuſto della colonna, la levò ſei vol-<lb/>te in altezza da terra col ſuo capitello: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3297" xml:space="preserve">e così appunto pretendeſſe di fare lui. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3298" xml:space="preserve">In <lb/>queſto caſo può ſupporſi, che il ſuo ſpiritoſo intendere abbia penſato a quel bel ri-<lb/>piego moſtratoci dal Palladio nel ſuo IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3299" xml:space="preserve">libro dell’Antichità, praticato per allungar <lb/>le colonne, veduto e difegnato da eſſo nel Tempio del Batteſimo di Coſtantino in <lb/>Roma, e da eſſo pur praticato in S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3300" xml:space="preserve">Giorgio Maggiore in Venezia alle colonne poſte <lb/>nella porta maggiore dentro la Chieſa, e ai due Altarinella crociera: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3301" xml:space="preserve">così queſto pen-<lb/>sò valerſi dello ſteſſo partito, allungando colla pera aggiuntavi, e zoccolo al di ſot-<lb/>to, finchè arrivaſſero a far moſtra di quella grazia, che non avevano, e veniſſero a <lb/>comporre inſieme otto teſte della loro altezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3302" xml:space="preserve">Siffatto ripiego fu buono nel Batteſi-<lb/>mo di Coſtantino, e più ancora del Palladio in San Giorgio Maggiore: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3303" xml:space="preserve">ma in que-<lb/>ſto fa comparſa molto peſante, nè ha veſtigio della grazia e gentilezza delle colon-<lb/>ne accennate; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3304" xml:space="preserve">ed in quelle pure vi è la ſua baſe ornata, e bella; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3305" xml:space="preserve">dove in queſte, <lb/>ſuppoſto l’Ordine Toſcano, il loro plinto è troppo alto, e lontano dalla convenien-<lb/>te ſua proporzione, e bellezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3306" xml:space="preserve">Sotto poi i regoloni vi è il modiglione cartellato per <lb/>ſoſtegno della detta colonna, ed in eſſo terminano gli ſcalini della ſteſſa riva.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3307" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3308" xml:space="preserve">Sopra le ſuddette colonne appoggia la cornice architravata e leſinata, con appreſſo <lb/>il pilaftro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3309" xml:space="preserve">Il punto ſta, come poſſanvi aver luogo l’altre leſinature al di dentro nel-<lb/>la ſteſſa cornice corrente fopra l’arco: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3310" xml:space="preserve">può avervelo la leſinatura ſopra la ferraglia, <lb/>nol nego: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3311" xml:space="preserve">ma che abbiaſi a leſinare perpendicolarmente anche ſopra le impoſte, e-<lb/>gli è errore majuſcolo, e ſommo, sì per l’una, che per l’altra parte, la quale le-<lb/>ſinatura ſta ſopra la ſteſſa cornice in aria, e queſta poſta ſull’ angolo dell’arco, ed <lb/>arriva all’ovolo ſotto il gocciolatojo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3312" xml:space="preserve">Come ſiaſi ideato tale improprietà lo ſpiritoſo <lb/>Architetto, non ſo comprenderlo, non eſſendovi la menoma ragione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3313" xml:space="preserve">che anzi per <lb/>lo contrario vi ripugna totalmente la buona Architettura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3314" xml:space="preserve">come altresì quel raggio, <lb/>che ſe ne ſta in aria così pendente, in vece d’appoggiare ſulle proprie impoſte, <lb/>centro per eſſo proprio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3315" xml:space="preserve">nè potrà mai ſalvar l’Architetto quella meſchiniſſima zat-<lb/>tina cerchiata, per indicare il ſuo appoggiamento ſaldo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3316" xml:space="preserve">In ſomma guaſta è una tale <lb/>Architettura, male eſeguita fuor d’ogni ragione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3317" xml:space="preserve">Così l’Architetto, che non ha fon-<lb/>do d’Arte, falla a occhi veggenti certamente.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3318" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div114" type="section" level="1" n="114"> <head xml:id="echoid-head128" style="it" xml:space="preserve">La preſente figura ſi vede nella Chieſa di S. Maria dei Miracoli, e ſerve aſſai <lb/>per eſemplare delle ſoglie aggravate appunto ſul falſo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3319" xml:space="preserve">In queſta Chieſa adunque ſi oſ@erva, per così eſprimerci, il modello di figura pe-<lb/>fante ſul falſo, aggravando la ſoglia, che la foſtiene, ed è alli due altari laterali <pb o="60" file="0168" n="168" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> alla ſcalinata, cioènei quattro vani, oveſon poſte le Reliquie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3320" xml:space="preserve">Dee dirſi alcuna co-<lb/>ſa into<gap/>o a ciò, affinchè alcuno ingannato da tale eſempio non ſi penſaſſe mai <lb/>d’imitarlo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3321" xml:space="preserve">E di vero vi ſono certi tali, i quali tutto ſi fanno lecito, allorchè poſ-<lb/>ſau<unsure/>o addurre alcun eſempio d’altro Autore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3322" xml:space="preserve">Il preſente modello (così mi piace dir-<lb/>lo, poichè la figura è di picciol corpo) è di qualche conſiderabile conſeguenza pel <lb/>mal eſempio, che eſibiſce, e ciò per coloro, che molto s’applicano ad imitare, <lb/>perchè non ſono abili ad inventare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3323" xml:space="preserve">il preſente modello, io dico, è da fuggirſi on-<lb/>ninamente, perchè ripugna non ſolo ai dettami dell’Arte, ma alla ſteſſa ragione <lb/>di Natura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3324" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="61" file="0169" n="169" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0169-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0169-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0169-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0169-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption81" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Vna delle due <lb/>porte di riva <lb/>nel Palazzo <lb/>dé NN. VV. <lb/>Peſaro ſopra <lb/>il rio.<lb/>La preſente figura ſi vede nella Chieſa di S<emph style="sub">a</emph>. Maria dei Miracoli.</caption> </figure> <pb o="62" file="0170" n="170" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div115" type="section" level="1" n="115"> <head xml:id="echoid-head129" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta d’Ordine Dorico con ſoglia bugnata vicino al Ponte dell’Aceto <lb/>a’ SS. Gio: e Paolo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3325" xml:space="preserve">La porta ruſtica, che quì eſpongo eſſendo d’Ordine Dorico, è aſſai incoerente <lb/>nelle ſue parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3326" xml:space="preserve">Prima di tutto ha la ſua ſoglia molto peſante a motivo delle cin-<lb/>que bugne pendenti, che la formano, ſenza alcun legamento, nè ſoſtegno, moſtran-<lb/>do di cader ſul capo a chi v’entra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3327" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi poi la meſchiniſſima cornice poſta ſu <lb/>i capitelli, che ſoſtengono il f<unsure/>ronteſpizio, come compariſce povera, oltre l’eſſere per-<lb/>fino priva delle proprie erte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3328" xml:space="preserve">Tali porte non poſſonſi altrimenti denominare, che <lb/>baſtarde e tronche, perchè prive delle parti, che ſecondo l’arte ad eſſe convengono.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3329" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div116" type="section" level="1" n="116"> <head xml:id="echoid-head130" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Campanile di S. Bartolommeo. Novità di fronteſpizio bugnato.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3330" xml:space="preserve">Queſt’altro eſempio moſtra patentemente, quanto arditi ſieno certi Architetti, che <lb/>ſenza alcun rifleſſo eſpongono il loro falſo penſare, pretendendo di ſegnalarſi colle <lb/>più ſtravaganti novità, Oſſerviſi queſta porta, che è non ſolo bugnata con peſan-<lb/>tiſſima ſerraglia, ma tiene anche bugnato il fronteſpizio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3331" xml:space="preserve">trovandoſi eſſe bugne in-<lb/>caſſate al di ſotto, rimangono al di ſopra peſanti, e in aria, coſa lontaniſſima dal-<lb/>la ſuſſiſtenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3332" xml:space="preserve">Da ciò appariſce, quanto male inteſa venga la vera Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3333" xml:space="preserve">In <lb/>niun tempo ſonoſi veduti fronteſpizj bugnati, come lo è queſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3334" xml:space="preserve">E’ ben vero, che <lb/>tali@ſcempiatiſſimi errori ci ammaeſtrano, perchè ci additano a non incorrere in or-<lb/>ridezze sì contrarie alla verità, ed alla nobiltà della vera Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3335" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div117" type="section" level="1" n="117"> <head xml:id="echoid-head131" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cornico Dorica poſta ſopra gl’intercolunnj nelle Procuratie nuove verſo l’Aſcenſio-<lb/>ne alterata nei modiglioni.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3336" xml:space="preserve">Siccome tutte le mie oſſervazioni altra mira non hanno, che la perfezione degli <lb/>Ordini, così non poſſo a meno di non eſporre tutte le improprietà, ed irregolarità <lb/>praticate in varj tempi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3337" xml:space="preserve">La preſente cornice Dorica non corriſponde a quel fine, <lb/>che ragionevolmente le è dovuto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3338" xml:space="preserve">e l’errore conſiſte nell’ eſſere ſcavalcata nei ſuoi <lb/>modiglioni, ſendo queſti poſti fuori del triglifo, che chiama ſopr’eſſo il modiglione <lb/>per capo di corriſpondenza a ſoſtenere il gocciolatojo, e la gola ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3339" xml:space="preserve">Nel vederſi <lb/>così fuor di luogo non rilevaſi certamente quella corriſpondenza, che dee avere col <lb/>triglifo, che gli è ſotto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3340" xml:space="preserve">per lo contrario qualunque volta, che ponganſi i modi-<lb/>glioni in ſimil cornice, ſi dee ſeguir l’eſempio laſciatoci dagli ottimi Maeſtri, come <lb/>venne praticato dal famoſo Giammaria Falconetto nell’Arco da eſſo fatto in Padova <lb/>nel Cortile del Mantova, coſa che molto nobilita un tal ſito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3341" xml:space="preserve">Così pure il Sanſo-<lb/>vino nella facciata della Zecca ſopra la Peſcheria; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3342" xml:space="preserve">e ſe ne valſe anche il Vignola <lb/>nel ſuo Libro d’Architettura, ed altri molti, i quali poſero in tal Ordine i modi-<lb/>glioni: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3343" xml:space="preserve">per la qual coſa oſſervando la ſtravaganza d’un tale operare, cioè, di por <lb/>le oſſa fuori del luogo loro, rilevo, che queſta parte di fabbrica non è ſtata compita <lb/>dallo ſteſſo Scamoccio, che ne fece ſopra la Piazza gran parte, ma bensì dopo di lui <lb/>da altro poco intendente del modo da tenerſi in tal Ordine, e nelle ſue parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3344" xml:space="preserve">Reſti <lb/>pertanto avvertito ogni ſtudente, che ſopra l’Ordine di cornice Dorica non conven-<lb/>gono altri modiglioni, ſe non uno ſolo ſopra ogni triglifo, oppure ſenza, come ve-<lb/>deſi praticato nella fabbrica ſteſſa ſopra la Piazza cominciata dal Sanſovino, che <lb/>ornò la cornice di triglifi, di metopi, dentelli, e fuſaroli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3345" xml:space="preserve">e così fu anche pratica-<lb/>to in altri tempi ſempre con lode: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3346" xml:space="preserve">ma nel caſo preſente ſarà perpetuamente condan-<lb/>nabile, perchè non corriſponde al ſuo fine, nè all’Ordine riſpettivo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3347" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="63" file="0171" n="171" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0171-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0171-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0171-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0171-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption82" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta d’Ordine Dorico con ſoglia bugnata vicino al Ponte dell’Aceto a SS. Gio: e Paulo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0171-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0171-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption83" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Campanile di S. Bartolommeo.<lb/>Cornice Dorica poſta ſopra gl’intercolunnj nelle Procurat̀ie nuove verſo l’Aſcenſione.</caption> </figure> <pb o="64" file="0172" n="172" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div118" type="section" level="1" n="118"> <head xml:id="echoid-head132" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta ruſtica con ſoglia bugnata dietro alla Chieſa di S. Maria Formoſa.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3348" xml:space="preserve">Avendo queſta porta così peſanti letre bugne del mezzo, non moſtra ſe non ſaſ-<lb/>ſi, i quali oltre il tagliare la ſoglia, e la cornice, vengono anche ſpinti a cadere <lb/>dal proprio fronteſpizio, come moſtra in fatti la figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3349" xml:space="preserve">E di vero ſarebber più at-<lb/>ti ad uſo di prigioni per imprimer terrore, che per ornato d’una decoroſa abi-<lb/>tazione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3350" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div119" type="section" level="1" n="119"> <head xml:id="echoid-head133" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra porta di gentil forma con ſoglia e cornice ſpezzata da bugna ruſtica <lb/>dietro alla ſteſſa Chieſa.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3351" xml:space="preserve">Offro alla conſiderazione dei periti anche queſta porta con ſoglia bugnata e maſti-<lb/>na. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3352" xml:space="preserve">Eſſi certamente non potranno ſe non condannare tutto quello, che veggono eſe-<lb/>guito fuor di ragione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3353" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi attentamente, e ſi dirà, come non ſolo è ſomma-<lb/>mente peſante, ma moſtra d’eſſer perpetuamente in atto di cadere, facendo paura a <lb/>chiunque vi oſſervi in entrandovi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3354" xml:space="preserve">Quanto alla ſua figura, ſembra di gentil forma per <lb/>i due rimenati poſti ſulle due erte, e nella mezzeria gocciola, e vaſo ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3355" xml:space="preserve">Ma e <lb/>che rileva, quando tutto ſmarriſee alla viſta a motivo della pesante ſoglia, che in-<lb/>gombra tutta l’apertura? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3356" xml:space="preserve">Di queſta, come di tutte le altre, ho condannato ſimiglianti <lb/>bugne, non accordandoſi la loro forma pel peſſimo effetto, che producono, Dico ben-<lb/>sì, che anche le bugne ſi poſſono, eſi debbono praticare, e l’hanno praticate diverſi, <lb/>come veggiamo in molte fabbriche, e fra le altre le due porte, cioè quella di ſtra-<lb/>da, e quella della riva dei NN. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3357" xml:space="preserve">UU. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3358" xml:space="preserve">Grimani Spago a S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3359" xml:space="preserve">Maria Formoſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3360" xml:space="preserve">Queſte per <lb/>eſſere a volta molto ſi confanno colle bugne, che danno forza alla fabbrica, ed in tal <lb/>guiſa ſono commendabili, ed ottimamente ſituate: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3361" xml:space="preserve">ma ſopra ſoglie dritte porre bugne <lb/>pendenti, o ſerraglie bugnate, ſono ſcherzi irragionevoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3362" xml:space="preserve">Conſiderando la loro figu-<lb/>ra, queſte tagliano la ſoglia, come è in fatti, ed appariſce, o rappreſentano cugni <lb/>per iſtringere: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3363" xml:space="preserve">e queſto ſarà ſempre falſo, non eſſendo arco, perchè non potrà mai <lb/>ſtringerlo, ſe non ſarà aperto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3364" xml:space="preserve">Dunque tali bugne rappreſentano ſoltanto una finzio-<lb/>ne, la quale non dee mai praticarſi nell’Architettura, che non ammette, ſe non ſe <lb/>ciò, che detta la pura ragione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3365" xml:space="preserve">Quindi ſi dee concludere, che le bugne ben colloca-<lb/>te non ſolo ſaranno lodevoli, ma convenienti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3366" xml:space="preserve">ma da non praticarſi mai ſopra ſo-<lb/>glie piane pel reo effetto, che producono. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3367" xml:space="preserve">Queſto per mio avviſo baſtar dovrebbe a <lb/>perſuadere chi intende ragione, commendando io ſempre la retta e vera ſolidità, <lb/>parte neceſſaria a queſt’Arte, e vituperando le inſuſſiſtenti chimere, che tolgono all’ <lb/>opera lo ſtabile fondamento.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3368" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div120" type="section" level="1" n="120"> <head xml:id="echoid-head134" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo dei NN.UU. Cavagnis a S. Severo coll’Architrave tagliato <lb/>dalla ſoglia bugnata.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3369" xml:space="preserve">Queſta porta d’Ordine Dorico ſi vede nel Palazzo Cavagnis a S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3370" xml:space="preserve">Severo, ed il <lb/>ſuo oſſervabile difetto conſiſte non ſolo nell’aver la ſoglia dentro l’architrave, ma <lb/>anche nel tagliarlo in guiſa, che ripiegato, come appariſce, ſembra, che gli ſtia a <lb/>ridoſlo, comparendo peſante al di ſopra per le bugne, che porta, e meſchino ne’ <lb/>fianchi, e tozzo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3371" xml:space="preserve">Tali architravi così tagliati non ſono, nè ſaranno mai lodevoli, <lb/>perchè non può veriſicarſi, che poſſano ſervire in un medeſimo tempo a due funzio-<lb/>ni, vale a dire, a legare la fabbrica, quale è il ſuo ufizio, e a ſervire d’arco alla <lb/>porta, quando lo ſteſſo reſta diviſo, e ſmezzato.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3372" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="65" file="0173" n="173" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0173-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0173-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0173-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0173-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption84" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta ruſtica con ſoglia bugnata dietro <lb/>alla Chieſa di <lb/>S. Maria Formoſa.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0173-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0173-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption85" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra porta di gentil forma con ſoglia e cornice ſpezzata <lb/>da bugna ruſtica dietro <lb/>alla ſteſſa Chieſa.<lb/>Porta del Palazzo dei NN. VV. Cavagnis a S. Severo coll’Architrave tagliato. <lb/>dalla ſoglia bugnata.</caption> </figure> <pb o="66" file="0174" n="174" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div121" type="section" level="1" n="121"> <head xml:id="echoid-head135" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Interno della Chieſa de’ SS. Apoſtoli, e ſuoi errori.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3373" xml:space="preserve">Anche nella Chieſa de’SS. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3374" xml:space="preserve">Apoſtoli ſi rileva l’errore d’aver l’Architetto antepoſto <lb/>l’Ordine Jonico al Corintio, nell’accreſcimento, che poſe nel ſecond’Ordine per or-<lb/>nar le fineſtre, non avvertendo a ciò, che conveniva in buona Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3375" xml:space="preserve">Appa-<lb/>riſce poi anche di più il diſordinato modo degli archi aggiunti, i quali rieſcono <lb/>meſchiniſſimi per la mancanza delle facce, che formano legatura indiſpenſabile; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3376" xml:space="preserve">e <lb/>molto più per aver poſti i modiglioni nelle cornici delle impoſte, coſa aſſai trita, e <lb/>di niun conto, nulla affatto corriſpondendo con la cornice Corintia, che è intieramen-<lb/>te ſchietta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3377" xml:space="preserve">Se l’inventore di tale aggiunta aveſſe oſſervato ciò che dice il Palladio <lb/>nel IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3378" xml:space="preserve">Libro della ſua Opera pagina 74.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3379" xml:space="preserve">, ove parla del Pantheon di Roma commen-<lb/>dando l’Architetto, il quale ſeppe così bene ripiegare le parti della cornice de’Ta-<lb/>bernacoli in facce, perchè ſerviſſ<unsure/>ero di reale legamento alla fabbrica, avrebbe eſſo <lb/>pure potuto imitare l’eſempio, e farſi onore.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3380" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div122" type="section" level="1" n="122"> <head xml:id="echoid-head136" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta ſopra la ſtrada del Palazzo Grimani a San Luca.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3381" xml:space="preserve">Dalla porta di queſto Palazzo ſi rileverà, quanto diſdica il tagliare colle cornici i <lb/>pilaſtri, o colonne, e ciò, non meno per l’appoggiarſi a ridoſſo dei medeſimi, che <lb/>per la meſchina apparenza, che produce. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3382" xml:space="preserve">Dove per lo contrario per eſſer queſta la <lb/>porta principale, dovrebbe comparire molto maeſtoſa, e grande pel decoro di sì ma-<lb/>gnifica fabbrica: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3383" xml:space="preserve">era pertanto neceſſario laſciar libero il pilaſtro, nè cuoprirlo, nè ta-<lb/>gliarlo con la cornice della ſoprapporta, eſſendo queſto un guaſtare la parte princi-<lb/>pale della nobile Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3384" xml:space="preserve">Vi ſarà per avventura chi vorrà difendere un tale er-<lb/>rore con addurre per iſcuſa, che il ſito, in cui la medeſima è poſta, ſi trova al-<lb/>quanto riſtretto per la viſta, e pel comodo d’eſſa porta; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3385" xml:space="preserve">e che queſto poſſa eſſere <lb/>ſtato il motivo, onde non averle potuto dare forma migliore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3386" xml:space="preserve">A chi ciò mi diceſſe <lb/>riſponderei, che l’Architetto non dee giammai ſcarſeggiar di partiti per fare ſpicca-<lb/>re la ſua intelligenza in più modi, ſtandoſi però ſempre entro i limiti del ragione-<lb/>vole.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3387" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3388" xml:space="preserve">E’parimente biaſimabile la faſcia poſta ſotto al regolone della baſe dello ſteſſo pi-<lb/>laſtro, che ſporge eccedentemente in fuori, ſoſtentato dal meſchino cerchietto cartel-<lb/>lato, e al di dentro ugualmente dritta, potendoſi pure allungare fin ſotto la ſteſſa <lb/>erta, che gli avrebbe ſervito di zoccolo, ed avrebbe prodotto maggior grazia, e fi-<lb/>nimento.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3389" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="67" file="0175" n="175" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0175-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0175-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0175-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0175-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption86" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Jnterno della Chieſa de’ SS. Apoſtoli, <lb/>e ſuoi errori.<lb/>Porta ſopra la ſtrada del Palazzo <lb/>Grimani a S. Luca.</caption> </figure> <pb o="68" file="0176" n="176" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div123" type="section" level="1" n="123"> <head xml:id="echoid-head137" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Spaccato della Cupola della Salute, ed errori, che ſi oſſervano in queſta fabbrica.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3390" xml:space="preserve">E’oſſervabile l’errore particolare, che chiarameute ſi maniſeſta nella ſontuoſa fab-<lb/>brica della Salute, ſendo queſto Tempio compoſto di ſommamente ornata Architettu-<lb/>ra, onde ſi diſtingue da qualunque altro Tempio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3391" xml:space="preserve">Il lavoro, che ha sì al di dentro, <lb/>che al di fuori, è di tre Ordini d’Architettura, cioè, di Dorico, di Corintio, e di <lb/>Compoſito, ond’è, che venga univerſalmente ammirato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3392" xml:space="preserve">Ma giacchè mi ſon poſto <lb/>a trattare degli errori degli Architetti, mi giova eſporre anche il mio parere intorno <lb/>al preſente edifizio, ſiccome appun<unsure/>to ho fatto degli altri, con nuda ingenuità libe-<lb/>ra da ogni adulazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3393" xml:space="preserve">Conſiderando pertanto ciò, che preſentemente dee avvertirſi, <lb/>dico, che avendo oſſervato in queſto sì magnifico Tempio il difetto ſteſſo, che ho <lb/>rilevato in altre Chieſe, mi pare una gran coſa, che ſi abbia dai periti a ſallare sì <lb/>patentemente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3394" xml:space="preserve">Lo sbaglio preſo dall’Architetto ſi è l’aver poſto l’Ordine Compoſito <lb/>ſotto al Dorico: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3395" xml:space="preserve">ciò ſi rileva entro alla cupola maggiore: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3396" xml:space="preserve">coſa a dir vero diſdicevo-<lb/>le e moſtruoſa, il vederſi cioè ſopra colonne con ſuo piediſtallo e cornice di leggia-<lb/>dra proporzione altr’Ordine inſeriore, che tenendo pur eſſo piediſtalli con ſtatue rap-<lb/>preſentanti i Profeti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3397" xml:space="preserve">e ſopra capitelli, e cornici con ſagome più ordinarie, ed in eſ-<lb/>ſe peſanti modiglioni, raddoppiati e ſcannellati a foggia di triglifi, gonfj ſoltanto al <lb/>di ſotto ſopra i medeſimi pilaſtri, lo che toglie aſſai la leggerezza all’opera: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3398" xml:space="preserve">con <lb/>queſto di più, che le colonne Compoſite vengono ingombrate, e quaſi ſtrette dalle <lb/>cornici delle impoſte degli archi, le quali vengono ſoſtentate da pilaſtri d’Ordine <lb/>Corintio, il qual Ordine gira tutt’all’intorno di detta Chieſa, e ſerve d’ornamento <lb/>alle ſei Cappelle compreſe entro il giro del gran vaſo della medeſima. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3399" xml:space="preserve">Deeſi pure in <lb/>queſto luogo conſiderare la ringhiera molto peſante, e fuori del vivo, come appun-<lb/>to oſſervammo nelle ringhiere di Roma, della quali eſponemmo gli eſempj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3400" xml:space="preserve">Sarà <lb/>anche bene aggiunger gli altari collocati nelle anzidette Cappelle, i quali, benchè <lb/>ſieno di gran lavoro, non tengono però quella proporzione armonica, che loro ſi <lb/>converrebbe, mentre queſti col loro grande ingombro di rimenato, che porta ſopra, <lb/>ſorpaſſano i limiti della buon’Arte, cuoprendo eſſo rimenato parte dalla cornice Co-<lb/>rintia, che gli reſta dietro, e gira d’intorno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3401" xml:space="preserve">Queſto pure è errore non così leggie-<lb/>ro, perchè cuopre ciò, che non dee, non eſſendo mai lecito porre Architettura a ri-<lb/>doſſo d’altra Architettura, cuoprendo l’una per far grandeggiar l’altra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3402" xml:space="preserve">Si potrebbe-<lb/>ro indicare altri errori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3403" xml:space="preserve">ma ſiccome non ſono così viſibili, come i ſopraccennati, <lb/>ne fo di meno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3404" xml:space="preserve">e ſarà più proficuo, che oſſerviamo il primiero uſo degli Antichi, <lb/>i quali non praticarono giammai queſta maniera d’arricchire ſgarbatamente con in-<lb/>venzioni raddoppiate, cioè, che una affoghi l’altra, ma oprarono ſemplicemente, <lb/>come rileviamo dai nobili avanzi dell’Antichità, ed anche dei tempi a noi più vi-<lb/>cini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3405" xml:space="preserve">Si toccherà con mano ciò, ch’io aſſeriſco, col confronto d’altre fabbriche ſti-<lb/>mabili, quali in fatti ſono le Chieſe del Redentore, e di San Giorgio Maggiore, o-<lb/>pere del Palladio, il quale oſſervò una compoſtezza ed uniſormità alla ſteſſa fabbrica, <lb/>ponendo entro la ſteſſa Architettura gli altari al luogo loro, ſenza togliere un mini-<lb/>mochè alla nobiltà, e bellezza della principale invenzione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3406" xml:space="preserve">e veramente rieſcono ſem-<lb/>pre gentili, e ſommamente vaghi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3407" xml:space="preserve">Queſti ſono gli eſempj, dai quali dee trarſi pro-<lb/>fitto, ſeguendo il parere, e lo ſtudio fatto dallo ſteſſo Palladio, quale egli eſpone <lb/>nel proemio del ſuo Libro d’Architettura, ed ancora a carte 15.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3408" xml:space="preserve">, ove tratta della <lb/>diſpoſizione dei cinque Ordini, per profitto dei veri ſtudioſi di tal Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3409" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="69" file="0177" n="177" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0177-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0177-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption87" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Spaccato della Cupola della Salute, ed errori, che ſi oſſervano in queſta fabbrica.</caption> </figure> <pb o="70" file="0178" n="178" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div124" type="section" level="1" n="124"> <head xml:id="echoid-head138" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’altare nella Chieſa di S. Luca, quale era prima, con i fronteſpizj in aria.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3410" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è la cima dell’Altar maggiore della Chieſa di San Luca, che è molto al-<lb/>terata dai due fronteſpizj, cioè dal primo di ſopra con cartocci ſuperiori e inferio-<lb/>ri, la cui metà è ſul falſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3411" xml:space="preserve">ed il ſecondo reſta colla metà in aria: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3412" xml:space="preserve">inoltre ha due <lb/>ſoli modiglioni nelle cornici, quando tre eſſer dovrebbero: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3413" xml:space="preserve">e la cartella dal fianco <lb/>poſante in falſo ſull’orlo della cornice, e portante il vaſo fuori del vivo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3414" xml:space="preserve">finalmen-<lb/>te la ſerraglia reſta imbrogliata da feſtoni e cartelle, che la rendono peſantiſſima. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3415" xml:space="preserve">Gruppo d’errori, che non ſervono che ad ingombrare, e a toglier la leggerezza, e la <lb/>grazia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3416" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div125" type="section" level="1" n="125"> <head xml:id="echoid-head139" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra Cima d’altare nella Chieſa di S. Apollinare colla metà <lb/>dei fronteſpizj in aria.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3417" xml:space="preserve">Ha la cima di queſto Altare i fronteſpizj tagliati, incaſſati con modiglioni, e col-<lb/>la metà del gocciolatojo in aria al di fuori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3418" xml:space="preserve">Queſto porta cartella ſopra, diſteſa in <lb/>luogo di figura, e ſotto altra cartella, che va ad aggrapparſi ſulla ſerraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3419" xml:space="preserve">Queſte <lb/>ſono coſe tutte peſanti, incoerenti, prodotte dal mero capriccio, e non dal buon or-<lb/>dine d’Architettura ragionevole.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3420" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div126" type="section" level="1" n="126"> <head xml:id="echoid-head140" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra Cima d’altare nella Chieſa de’Servi con tutti i fronteſpizj in aria.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3421" xml:space="preserve">Anche nei fronteſpizj di queſto Altare ſi rilevano gli ſteſſi errori di ſopra diviſati, <lb/>vale a dire, che tutti reſtano in aria, e tagliati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3422" xml:space="preserve">E’veramente ſtrano, che errori sì <lb/>patenti non ſienoſi avvertiti per isſuggirgli, mentre tanto s’oppongono alla ragio-<lb/>ne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3423" xml:space="preserve">e che non ſiaſi tampoco cercato il fine di tali fronteſpizj, ed a qual uſo ſerva-<lb/>no: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3424" xml:space="preserve">una tal rifleſſione avrebbe fatto conoſcere agli Architetti, che in tal guiſa non <lb/>ſervono nè per coprire, nè per ornare, quale è appunto l’ufizio loro, o eſſer deve.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3425" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="71" file="0179" n="179" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0179-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0179-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption88" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’altare nella Chieſa di S. Luca, quale era prima, <lb/>con i fronteſpizi in aria.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0179-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0179-02"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0179-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0179-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption89" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra Cima d’altare nella Chieſa di <lb/>S. Apollinare colla metà dei fronteſpizi <lb/>in aria.<lb/>Altra Cima d’Altare nella Chieſa <lb/>de’Servi con tulti i fronteſpizi <lb/>in aria.</caption> </figure> <pb o="72" file="0180" n="180" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div127" type="section" level="1" n="127"> <head xml:id="echoid-head141" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altar Maggiore della Chieſa di San Luca nuovamente rifatto.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3426" xml:space="preserve">Se abbiamo ſcoperti degli errori nell’Altar Maggiore della Chieſa di San Luca com’ <lb/>era prima, certamente nel nuovo non poſſiamo dare la noſtra approvazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3427" xml:space="preserve">L’Ar-<lb/>chitetto, che n’ebbe l’incarico, ſi ſtudiò di farlo ſpiccare maggiormente in maeſtà; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3428" xml:space="preserve">ma s’ingannò a partito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3429" xml:space="preserve">Primieramente nel piantarlo s’avvisò d’appoggiarlo ſul pie-<lb/>diſtallo dei pilaſtri d’Ordine Ionico, che girano intorno a tutta la Chieſa, e ſopra <lb/>queſto poſe un regolone, e ſopr’eſſo il piediſtallo delle colonne Corintie. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3430" xml:space="preserve">Fin qui <lb/>vi ſi oſſervano tre innalzamenti per piantarvi le colonne, e ſormar l’Altare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3431" xml:space="preserve">Si trat-<lb/>terà di ſimigliante abuſo, e incoerenza a ſuo luogo, ove cioè faremo rilevare l’uſo <lb/>ſuperfluo dei piediſtalli replicati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3432" xml:space="preserve">Tanto adunque ſi alza il macchinoſo Altare, che <lb/>colla ſua cima ſorpaſſa la cornice della ſteſſa Chieſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3433" xml:space="preserve">Sconcerto, e diſordine di diſu-<lb/>guaglianza, ſenza alcuna proporzione di corriſpondenza armonica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3434" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Altare <lb/>riempie quaſi tutta la Cappella, ed è d’Ordine Corintio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3435" xml:space="preserve">Le ſue colonne ſono me-<lb/>ſchine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3436" xml:space="preserve">e l’Architetto primo per prolungarle v’aggiunſe il peſo ſopra la baſe, pre-<lb/>tendendo così d’imitare il Palladio nelle dieci colonne, che prolungò in S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3437" xml:space="preserve">Giorgio <lb/>Maggiore, come dicemmo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3438" xml:space="preserve">Sono pure del vecchio Altare le cornici con li due mo-<lb/>diglioni per colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3439" xml:space="preserve">L’aggiunta poi dell’aletta di dentro in faccia alla ſoazza della <lb/>palla non ſa vederſi la ragione, per cui debba ſervire, ſe non ſe quella di poter ſo-<lb/>ſtenere il catino, e l’onde del medeſimo di ſotto al peſante rimenato maſſarino, <lb/>che s’alza fuori di ſua competente altezza, a motivo del diſordine nella partizione <lb/>dei ſuoi modiglioni, dei quali i primi ſono aſſai diſtanti l’uno dall’altro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3440" xml:space="preserve">e gli al-<lb/>tri, che ſeguitano, più vicini: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3441" xml:space="preserve">edi quella peſantiſſima ſerraglia altro non può dirſi, <lb/>ſe non che rappreſenti una creſta, ovvero un fagotto aggruppato, non già ſerraglia <lb/>adeguata, che adorni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3442" xml:space="preserve">Dirò di più, che un rimenato così eſeguito rappreſenta una <lb/>ſcuſſia alla Tedeſca peſante, e ſgarbata, fuori totalmente dell’ordine di buona Archi-<lb/>tettura, non uſata mai da alcuno antico buono Architetto, ſendo più Teatrale, che <lb/>ſoſtanziale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3443" xml:space="preserve">La ſoazza parimente, che circonda la palla in larghezza quaſi delle ſteſſ<unsure/>e <lb/>colonne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3444" xml:space="preserve">come anche le zanche peſanti, sì al ſito d’impoſte, che di ſotto, non ſer-<lb/>vono, che a maggiormente ingoffire, e rendere il ſito più largo del convenevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3445" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Quanto meglio avrebbe fatto, ſe aveſſe ingentilita per la metà la detta ſoazza, e di <lb/>quel di più poſto l’aletta anche al di fuori; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3446" xml:space="preserve">e così ſarebbe riuſcita di più avvenen-<lb/>za, e leggerezza! E chi non ſa, che tutte le regolate aperture non debbono ecceder <lb/>meno dei due quadrati? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3447" xml:space="preserve">E ſe alcuna coſa di più ſi fanno, ſi fanno a norma degli <lb/>Ordini dell’Architettura medeſima, e fanno ſempre bene. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3448" xml:space="preserve">Certamente in queſta <lb/>apertura non vi ſi rileva una tal proporzione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3449" xml:space="preserve">ma per lo contrario compariſce toz-<lb/>za, e goffiſſima. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3450" xml:space="preserve">Mi fa gran maraviglia il veder praticarſi ciò nell’Ordine più gen-<lb/>tile, e grazioſo, quale ſi è il Corintio, che vuolſi porre al paro del più ſemplice, e <lb/>ſchietto, quale è il Toſcano, nel quale facendo aperture per uſo di campagna, ove <lb/>debbonſi introdurre carra cariche di fieno, o d’altro, ſi tengono eſſe aperture como-<lb/>de, e vi ſi pongono per tale effetto gli architravi di legno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3451" xml:space="preserve">Ella è una vergogna <lb/>de’noſtri giorni il non conſiderarſi punto le convenienze de’riſpettivi Ordini, nè il <lb/>vero modo d’eſeguirgli.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3452" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3453" xml:space="preserve">Dopo d’aver diligentemente eſaminato l’Architettura del nuovo Altar Maggiore <lb/>eretto nella Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3454" xml:space="preserve">Luca, a confronto del vecchio, che era molto diſordinato e <lb/>ſcompoſto, mi fo ora ad oſſervare con iſtupore la preteſa del ſuo regolamento, che <lb/>non dimoſtra alcun riſtauro coerente a quanto richiede la perſetta Architettura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3455" xml:space="preserve">ed <lb/>avendo anche in queſto ſcoperti errori ſingolari di gran momento riſpetto all’uſo d’ <lb/>eſſa Architettura, mi convien dire ciò, che è di ragione, per ridurre la medeſima <lb/>alla più purgata maniera Greca, e Romana antica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3456" xml:space="preserve">Non pretendo riſcuotere da queſto <lb/>Altare ciò, che vuole ed eſige l’ottima perſezione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3457" xml:space="preserve">ma per lo meno ciò, che è ne-<lb/>ceſſario pel ſuo decoro, e gentilezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3458" xml:space="preserve">Quindi a confronto di quello già eſeguito dal <lb/>noſtro novello Architetto pongo il mio penſiero, il quale non ſi oppone totalmente <lb/>all’eſeguito; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3459" xml:space="preserve">ma eſpoſto con quella maniera regolata, che più appagar poſta chi oſ-<lb/>ſerva, ed è pratico della buona foggia, che dee praticarſi, nelle giuſte riſpettive <lb/>proporzioni, e miſure, rileverà toſto la verità di quanto propongo, vale a dire, <lb/>che l’Architettura dee eſſer più perſetta che ſia poſſibile nelle ſue parti, e che non <lb/>dee alterarſi, nè trarſi fuori del ragionevole ſuo eſſere; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3460" xml:space="preserve">di modo che ſe la differen-<lb/>za conſiſte nel darle maggior grazia e gentilezza, sì di membri nelle cornici, che <lb/>di ſcamili per gl’innalzamenti delle colonne, quando queſti ſieno neceſſarj, e ade- <pb o="73" file="0181" n="181" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> guati, tornerà bene il fargli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3461" xml:space="preserve">ma ſe di queſte ſue parti ve ne foſſero delle praticate <lb/>inutilmente, e fuor di regola, come vien pur troppo uſato tuttodì, forz’è ch’io di-<lb/>ca, non eſſerſi da cotali Architetti ſtudiata a perfezione la vera Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3462" xml:space="preserve">Ma <lb/>perchè ſiffatti abuſi non vadano innanzi con iſcapito d’Arte sì nobile, mi veggo co-<lb/>ſtretto a dimoſtrare non ſolo ciò, che venne eſeguito per regolamento del primo; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3463" xml:space="preserve">ma eziandio ciò, che far doveva per ridurre i’ opera più perfetta che ſi poteſſe, e <lb/>render l’ Altare ſuddetto, ſe non totalmente perfetto, almeno ſoffribile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3464" xml:space="preserve">L’eſemplare <lb/>di queſto è vicino, potendolo riconoſcere nel bordo della palla, nella replicata alet-<lb/>ta al di fuori, affine di render le colonne uniformi nel rimenato più ragionevole e <lb/>diſcreto, ſenza il ſottopoſto catino ripartito in ſonde; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3465" xml:space="preserve">come altresì ſenza il legaccio <lb/>della cartella, o gruppo colla cappa ſopra il rimenato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3466" xml:space="preserve">ma bensì ammeſſa la conchi-<lb/>glia col frumento, e l’uve, il ſimbolo rappreſentanti del Divin Sagramento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3467" xml:space="preserve">Si omet-<lb/>te finalmente il di più, che dire ſi potrebbe, per non comparire ſoverchio ſeveri <lb/>critici.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3468" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="74" file="0182" n="182" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0182-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0182-01"/> </figure> <pb o="75" file="0183" n="183" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div128" type="section" level="1" n="128"> <head xml:id="echoid-head142" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Una delle Fineſtre della facciata della Chieſa di San Giorgio de’Greci.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3469" xml:space="preserve">Nella facciata di San Giorgio dei Greci ſi oſſerva, che il fronteſpizio delle fine-<lb/>ſtre ſormonta la prima, e la ſeconda faſcia dell’ Architrave nell’ Ordine Dorico, e <lb/>taglia il legamento del medeſimo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3470" xml:space="preserve">come altresì le alette dei pilaſtri d’ eſſe fineſtre <lb/>rimangono in aria ſenza alcun poſamento.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3471" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div129" type="section" level="1" n="129"> <head xml:id="echoid-head143" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre ſopra la facciata della Chieſa di San Giminiano.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3472" xml:space="preserve">Nelle due fineſtre di queſta facciata ſi rileva una ſpecie di rimenato ſopra, poſto <lb/>ſuperfluamente, e non corriſpondente alla propria cornice, che lo ſoſtenta, e a dir <lb/>vero, fuori dell’ eſſer ſuo naturale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3473" xml:space="preserve">Dico di vantaggio, non eſſere neppure ſcuſabile, <lb/>ſe ſi voleſſe ſupporre, che lo ſteſſo foſſe corriſpondente all’alette, o ai modiglioni; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3474" xml:space="preserve">poichè in tal caſo, o il rimenato paſſa dietro la cornice, e così eſſa cornice non en-<lb/>tra nel muro, ma ſarebbe ſolo appoggiata ſopra i modiglioni, coſa affatto fuori del <lb/>naturale: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3475" xml:space="preserve">oppure, ſe appoggiaſſe ſopra la cornice, non avendo ſporgimento, ſarebbe <lb/>inutile la cornice per ſoſtenerlo, e per conſeguenza ſarà ſempre falſo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3476" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div130" type="section" level="1" n="130"> <head xml:id="echoid-head144" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Pergolato ſopra la Porta del Palazzo dei Signori Conti Algarotti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3477" xml:space="preserve">Il preſente pergolato ſi vede collocato ſopra la porta del Palazzo dei Signori Conti <lb/>Algarotti entro il cortile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3478" xml:space="preserve">Queſto è, come appariſce, grandemente ſconcertato nelle <lb/>ſue parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3479" xml:space="preserve">Se queſta foggia d’ operare ſia da approvarſi, lo dicano gli ſteſſi Architet-<lb/>ti, i quali ſapranno ben le ragioni del retto operare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3480" xml:space="preserve">vale a dire, di piantare il peſo <lb/>ſul forte, e ſolido, e non mai ſul falſo, nè fuori dei ſoſtegni naturali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3481" xml:space="preserve">Senza dub-<lb/>bio quì ſono i pilaſtrini, o colonnelli fuori di corriſpondenza de’ ſottopoſti modi-<lb/>glioni, che ſoſtengono eſſo pergolato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3482" xml:space="preserve">e nemmeno incontrano i pilaſtri delle fine-<lb/>ſtre: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3483" xml:space="preserve">oltredichè per le diſuguaglianze, che ſi rilevano dal primo al di fuori, e dal <lb/>ſecondo verſo la mezzeria, malamente appoggiano i colonnelli, uno un terzo, l’ al-<lb/>tro la metà fuori del vivo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3484" xml:space="preserve">La forma certo è bizzarra quanto al parapetto per le <lb/>ſcannellature forate al di ſopra, e ripiene nel fondo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3485" xml:space="preserve">come altresì per la maniera <lb/>della gola roverſcia, che fa tutto il pergolato, ſecondando il proſilo del pilaſtrino, <lb/>o ſia colonnello. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3486" xml:space="preserve">Ma ciò non fa, che dir non ſi poſſa patente errore, l’eſeguir cioè <lb/>un pergolato in tal guiſa, così ſgarbato, e fuori d’ogni ragione d’ Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3487" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="76" file="0184" n="184" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0184-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0184-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0184-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0184-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption90" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Vna delle Fineſtre della facciata della Chieſa di <lb/>San Giorgio de’ Greci.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0184-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0184-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption91" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre ſopra la facciata della <lb/>Chieſa di San Giminiano.<lb/>Pergolato ſopra la Porta del Palazzo dei Signori Conti Algarotti.</caption> </figure> <pb o="77" file="0185" n="185" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div131" type="section" level="1" n="131"> <head xml:id="echoid-head145" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Parte della facciata della Scuola di San Giorgio de’Greci, <lb/>diſordinatamente eſeguita.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3488" xml:space="preserve">L’eſempio del ſeguente rame ſervirà molto per rilevare diverſi errori, nei quali <lb/>cadono ſenz’accorgerſene gli Architetti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3489" xml:space="preserve">Queſta parte di facciata adunque è compoſta <lb/>d’Ordine Dorico e Jonico, ma enormemente ſproporzionata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3490" xml:space="preserve">Primieramente l’ altez-<lb/>za data al Dorico è eccedente, nè gli conviene per verun conto, ma s’ addirebbe <lb/>bensì all’Ordine Compoſito per eſſer ſuperiore agli altri Ordini tutti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3491" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè, <lb/>ſecondo anche il Galaccini, non vengono aſſegnate al Dorico più di ſette teſte, pro-<lb/>porzione da eſſo riputata dicevole a un tal Ordine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3492" xml:space="preserve">In oltre la porta sì ſtretta e al-<lb/>ta forma figura meſchina a proporzione delle fineſtre, che le ſono appreſſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3493" xml:space="preserve">come <lb/>altresì le due colonne ſoſtentanti l’arco d’eſſa porta rieſcono molto ſgarbate e minu-<lb/>te, per eſſere ſcannellate, a motivo della ſoverchia loro altezza: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3494" xml:space="preserve">di più vengono le <lb/>ſteſle deformate dalle due bugne, o faſce, che le ſtringono, non ſaprei dirmi, ſe <lb/>per accreſcer loro corpo, o per iſcomporle maggiormente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3495" xml:space="preserve">Nella cornice poi ornata <lb/>di triglifi, metope, e modiglioni, per eſſervi male attaccato al modiglione ſopra le <lb/>colonne altro modiglione, che ſcavato al di ſotto s’uniſce col triglifo, tagliando <lb/>Parte della cornice, fa riſaltare una deformità da sfuggirſi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3496" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3497" xml:space="preserve">Nel ſecond’Ordine pure ſi oſſervano altri rilevantiſſimi errori. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3498" xml:space="preserve">Il primo conſiſte <lb/>nell’eſſer l’Ordine Jonico parimente di eccedente proporzione, come dimoſtra lo ſteſ-<lb/>ſo Galaccini, il quale v’adatta ſole otto teſte, e non dieci, come veggonſi in queſto <lb/>caſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3499" xml:space="preserve">Queſto ſi chiama ſconvolgere gli Ordini d’Architettura, attribuendo all’uno le <lb/>proporzioni dell’altro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3500" xml:space="preserve">quando ragion vuole, che ciaſcun Ordine ſia laſciato entro <lb/>le ſue riſpettive leggi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3501" xml:space="preserve">Il diſordine però non finiſce quì concioſſiachè ſe ſi oſſervi-<lb/>no le baſi delle colonne principali, appoggiate ſullo zoccolo, vedremo, che non han-<lb/>no alcuna corriſpondenza con quelle della fineſtra principale, che ſon poſte in mag-<lb/>gior altezza, e perciò alterano la legatura armonica, che è dovuta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3502" xml:space="preserve">E’ſimilmente <lb/>error notabile, che le dette colonne della fineſtra non fieno perpendicolari alle infe-<lb/>riori della porta, ma poſte in falſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3503" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſerva ancora, come il rimenato ſopra la <lb/>ſuddetta fineſtra cuopre, e mangia tutto i’architrave della cornice ſuperiore, e viene <lb/>a rompere la continuazione : </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3504" xml:space="preserve">coſa biaſimevoliſſima, e moſtruoſa : </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3505" xml:space="preserve">e ſpecialmente ſi <lb/>potrebbe poi aggiungere, che il capitello principale, la cornice, e l’ impoſta dell’ <lb/>arco nel mezzo d’eſſa facciata forma una falſa proſpettiva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3506" xml:space="preserve">In ſimil guiſa il fronte-<lb/>ſpizio delle due fineſtre laterali, che ſorpaſſa le colonne maggiori, colla gola mangia <lb/>ad eſſe la loro groſſezza naturale, e forma diſordine imperdonabile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3507" xml:space="preserve">Groſſi pure ſi <lb/>oſſerva li modiglioni della cornice Jonica, anzi baſtarda, perchè non portano treper <lb/>colonna, com’eſſer dovrebbero, ma un e mezzo in circa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3508" xml:space="preserve">Se queſto ſia il vero ope-<lb/>rare dicalo chi intende i ſoli principj dell’Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3509" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="78" file="0186" n="186" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0186-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0186-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption92" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Parte della facciata della Scuola di San Giorgio de’Greci, diſordinatamente eſequita.</caption> </figure> <pb o="79" file="0187" n="187" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div132" type="section" level="1" n="132"> <head xml:id="echoid-head146" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco, che taglia, e cuopre l’ Architrave nella Chieſa di S. Caſſano.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3510" xml:space="preserve">Queſt’ arco, che vedeſi nelle cappelle laterali all’ Altar maggiore della Chieſa di <lb/>S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3511" xml:space="preserve">Caſſano, taglia, e cuopre l’ architrave: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3512" xml:space="preserve">deformità ſolenne, di cui trattammo, eſ-<lb/>ponendo gli eſempj delle fabbriche di Roma. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3513" xml:space="preserve">Il preſente eſempio pertanto confer-<lb/>ma ſempre più l’errore, e moſtra, che sfuggir ſi devono perpetuamente quelle li-<lb/>cenze, che tolgono la legatura, ed union principale dell’Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3514" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div133" type="section" level="1" n="133"> <head xml:id="echoid-head147" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’ altare ſregolata nellaChieſa di San Marcelliano.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3515" xml:space="preserve">L’Architettura di queſta cima d’Altare ſembra Compoſita, ma eſeguita ſenz’ ordi-<lb/>ne in tutte le ſue parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3516" xml:space="preserve">Primieramente i capitelli principali deformati ſi converto-<lb/>no in modiglione, e gonfiano in fuori a foggia di cartelle. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3517" xml:space="preserve">Ha feſtone, non ſaprei <lb/>dirmi, ſe per ſoſtegno, o ſe per darle maggior peſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3518" xml:space="preserve">e ſotto a detto feſtone ha cer-<lb/>ta cinturella, che ſtringe il pilaſtro ſcannellato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3519" xml:space="preserve">Quanto poialle due alette de’ ſian-<lb/>chi, con capitelli, ed architrave, una d’ eſſe rieſce inutile, l’ altra ſi va perdendo <lb/>nella cornice con minuta leſenatura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3520" xml:space="preserve">ed il rimenato poſto fuor di regola ſtringe <lb/>conchiglia peſante, la cui coda s’attacca alla ſerraglia, opprimendo l’arco della pal-<lb/>la, e facendo fare figura deforme e meſchina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3521" xml:space="preserve">Si vede altresì la prima faccia dell’ <lb/>architrave ſcherzare fuor di propoſito contro la ſerraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3522" xml:space="preserve">Tutte coſe fuor d’ ordine, <lb/>che non hanno, ſe non una falſa apparenza per ingannare chi nulla intende dell’ <lb/>Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3523" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div134" type="section" level="1" n="134"> <head xml:id="echoid-head148" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’ Altare con colonna poſta angolarmente, di figura peſantiſſima, <lb/>nella Chieſa di San Stefano.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3524" xml:space="preserve">Queſta cima d’Altare, che eſiſte nella ſuddetta Chieſa, non è ſola, ma accom-<lb/>pagnata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3525" xml:space="preserve">Ha colonna, e cornice poſta angolarmente, con ſopra rimenato a cartoc-<lb/>cio, da cui pende feſtone. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3526" xml:space="preserve">I pilaſtri poi ſon fuori della colonna, ſenza la minima <lb/>corriſpondenza di legatura armonica : </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3527" xml:space="preserve">e la cima è ſconcia, e di figura ſtorpiata, <lb/>lontaniſſima da tutto ciò, che vuole ed inſegna la buona Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3528" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="80" file="0188" n="188" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0188-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0188-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0188-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0188-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption93" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco, che taglia, e cuopre l’ Architrave <lb/>nella Chieſa di S. Caſſiano.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0188-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0188-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption94" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’Altare ſregolata nella <lb/>Chieſa di San Marcelliano<lb/>Cima d’Altare con colonna poſta <lb/>angolarmente difigura peſantiſſima, <lb/>nella Chieſa di San Stefano.</caption> </figure> <pb o="81" file="0189" n="189" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div135" type="section" level="1" n="135"> <head xml:id="echoid-head149" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altare di forma ſcompoſta nella Chieſa di San Stefano.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3529" xml:space="preserve">E’queſt’ Altare di ſigura irregolare, come rilevaſi dalla pianta dei capitelli, e dal-<lb/>le cornici poſte angolarmente, e dalla colonna, che non corriſponde ai contropila-<lb/>ſtri, come eſſer dovrebbe, ſecondo l’ avvertimento del Galaccini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3530" xml:space="preserve">Tiene poi molti <lb/>cartellami, che formano cima, ed altri, che tagliano i pilaſtri ſotto il capitello, <lb/>ſendo lor tolto il proprio ufizio, per moſtrar ch’ eſſi ſoſtengano in vece di quelli : <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3531" xml:space="preserve">coſa ſtraniſſima, poichè la cartella è bizzarrìa, non architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3532" xml:space="preserve">Sarà bene eſpor <lb/>quì la ſua figura, affinchè riſalti meglio l’ improprietà e diſſonanza di queſto Al-<lb/>tare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3533" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div136" type="section" level="1" n="136"> <head xml:id="echoid-head150" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra diſordinata cima d’ Altare nella Chieſa de’ Geſuiti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3534" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Altare, che è d’ Ordine Corintio, ha cornice con modiglioni, ed il rimena-<lb/>to, che è ſopra la colonna principale, rieſce alto, e torto, con modiglione ſimilmen-<lb/>te obliquo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3535" xml:space="preserve">La detta cornice ſcherza ſopra la palla, formando figura di lancia, e <lb/>di ſerraglia all’arco, ſopra cui s’ inveſte un gruppo di cartocci, e di campanelle am-<lb/>maffati inſieme a foggia di fiocco per ſoſtentare altra cornice irregolare, e un Angio-<lb/>lo con dei Trofei. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3536" xml:space="preserve">Se queſte coſe sì male ordinate vengano ammeſſe dall’ Architet-<lb/>tura, lo giudichi chi ne è vero intendente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3537" xml:space="preserve">Io per me le riguardo come chimere, <lb/>ſciocchezze, ed irregolarità.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3538" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="82" file="0190" n="190" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0190-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0190-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption95" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altare di forma ſcompoſta nella Chieſa di San Steſano.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0190-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0190-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption96" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra diſordinata cima d’Altare <lb/>nella Chieſa de’Geſuiti.</caption> </figure> <pb o="83" file="0191" n="191" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div137" type="section" level="1" n="137"> <head xml:id="echoid-head151" style="it" xml:space="preserve">In santa Maria Zobenigo s’ oſſerua il preſente rimenato, <lb/>che ſerue d’ arco alla Cappella.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3539" xml:space="preserve">E’da notarſi la ſconcia ſigura del mal uſato rimenato, fuori del ſuo fine, che è <lb/>quello d’ ornare, o cuoprire, e non di formare arcate, o mezze arcate, nè per ſerrar <lb/>cappelle. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3540" xml:space="preserve">L’ Altare poſto ſotto, ove è il rimenato ſuor del dovere, che gli ſerve di <lb/>cima, e d’ altezza, è di figura ſregolata, tenendo parte dei modiglioni ſconci, e <lb/>ſgarbati, nella leſinatura il cartoccio, che gira alla mezzerìa, formandone altro mol-<lb/>to maggiore, ſoſtiene ſeſtone al di ſotto, e architrave al di ſopra, formando piedi-<lb/>ſtallo per ſtatua: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3541" xml:space="preserve">ed il tutto rieſce in ſomma peſante, e di cattiva comparſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3542" xml:space="preserve">Il <lb/>fronteſpizio ſimilmente, che appoggia ſopra la menſola nella mezzerìa della cornice <lb/>della colonna, forma figura trita e meſchina in proporzione al di ſopra, nè ha al-<lb/>cuna correlazione colle parti medeſime.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3543" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div138" type="section" level="1" n="138"> <head xml:id="echoid-head152" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cornice, che ſtringe e lega la colonna nella facciata di Santa Giuſtina, ed anche <lb/>nella Chieſa di San Pantaleone.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3544" xml:space="preserve">Nella facciata della Chieſa di Santa Giuſtina veggionſi le quattro colonne princi-<lb/>pali ingombrate e ſtrette, circa la metà della loro altezza, dallo ſporto della cornice <lb/>dei pilaſtri vicini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3545" xml:space="preserve">Errore conſiderabile ſi è queſto per l’apparenza deforme, che pro-<lb/>duce, che è ſtringere ed affogare in tal modo la parte principale dell’ Architettura, <lb/>coſa in vero da deteſtarſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3546" xml:space="preserve">poichè debbonſi perpetuamente laſciar libere e nette le <lb/>parti principali, perchè riſalti il grandioſo e nobile, che ſi conviene alla fabbrica.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3547" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3548" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervaſi parimente entro la Chieſa di San Pantaleone, che è d’ Ordine Compoſi-<lb/>to, eſler le colonne ſtrette ed abbracciate dalla cornice delle impoſte degli archi <lb/>delle Cappelle, lo che diſguſta grandemente la viſta pel mal uſo ſcorrettiſſimo quivi <lb/>eſeguito.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3549" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div139" type="section" level="1" n="139"> <head xml:id="echoid-head153" style="it" xml:space="preserve">sconcio rimenato nell’ Altar Maggiore della Chieſa dellaCeleſtia.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3550" xml:space="preserve">E’aſſai particolare l’ Altar Maggiore di queſta Chieſa per lo ſconcio modo dei due <lb/>rimenati d’ altezza eccedente, i quali ſi uniſcono con cartella al modiglione cartel-<lb/>lato nella mezzerìa, che ſoſtiene la figura del Redentore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3551" xml:space="preserve">Hanno queſti rimenati i <lb/>modiglioni, che pel numero non corriſpondono alla cornice di ſotto, ma ſolamente <lb/>al loro giro ſregolatamente diſordinato eſalſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3552" xml:space="preserve">Errore è queſto, che tutto mette in <lb/>diſordine.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3553" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3554" xml:space="preserve">Altro ſomigliante ſi oſſerva nella Chieſa di San Domenico di Caſtello ſopra l’ Al-<lb/>tare della Madonna del Roſario così ſregolato e deſorme con figura aſſai grande di-<lb/>ſteſa ſopra, privo affatto di grazia e di proporzione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3555" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3556" xml:space="preserve">Altro pure quaſi ſimile vedeſi ancora ſopra l’Altar Maggiore della Chieſa di Santa <lb/>Soſia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3557" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3558" xml:space="preserve">Altri rimenati altresì con ſimiglianti modiglioni ſi oſſervano nella Chieſa dell’An-<lb/>giol Raffaele ſopra l’ Altare dell’ Angelo Cuſtode; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3559" xml:space="preserve">e queſti hanno di più nella cima <lb/>due bovoloni ſommamente eccedenti, che ingombrano ed aggravano molto, oltre <lb/>lo ſtarvi anche un Angiolo, che s’ appoggia ai medeſimi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3560" xml:space="preserve">Coſa ella è queſta mo-<lb/>ſtruoſa a motivo della ſua forma ſregolata.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3561" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="84" file="0192" n="192" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0192-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0192-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0192-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0192-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption97" style="it" xml:space="preserve">In. Santa Maria Zobenigo <lb/>s’ oſſerua il preſente rimenato <lb/>che ſerue d’ arco alla Cappella.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0192-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0192-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption98" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cornice, che ſtringe e lega <lb/>la colonna nella facciata <lb/>di Santa Giuſtina, ed anche <lb/>nella Chieſa di S. Pantaleone.<lb/>Sconcio rimenato nell’ <lb/>Altar Maggiore della <lb/>Chieſa della Celeſtia.</caption> </figure> <pb o="85" file="0193" n="193" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div140" type="section" level="1" n="140"> <head xml:id="echoid-head154" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’ Altare nella Chieſa deiServiti con meſchini rimenati.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3562" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Altare fa toccar con mano quanto ſconvenga la meſchinità dei rimenati <lb/>poſti ſenza quelle conſiderazioni, che il dover vuole, e richiede la buona maniera, <lb/>cioè l’ Arte ſteſſa, con tutte le parti che gli compongono, enon mai nella ſcompo-<lb/>ſta maniera di queſti, che ora eſaminiamo, ai quali manca la loro ſottocornice. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3563" xml:space="preserve">Queſto errore gli fa ſecchi, e miſeri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3564" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi, come ſcompariſca il maggiore, il <lb/>quale fa più moſtra d’un coperto poſticcio, che d’un adorno rimenato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3565" xml:space="preserve">tanto più, <lb/>perchè il modiglione, che forma ſerraglia all’arco, è ornato di tutta la ſua cornice <lb/>ſomigliante alle colonne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3566" xml:space="preserve">dove il ſecondo diſopra non ritiene, che la forma ſempli-<lb/>ce e ſchietta, ed è nelle teſte accartocciato, e tagliato ſotto al cartoccio ſuperiore <lb/>per unirſi ai bovoloni nella mezzerìa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3567" xml:space="preserve">tutto queſto ſerve unicamente a formar figu-<lb/>ra peſante, e inſieme diſcordante dalle altre parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3568" xml:space="preserve">Sopra queſto rimenato ſiede un <lb/>Angiolo, che ingombra il cartoccio di ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3569" xml:space="preserve">Ho laſciato di porlo nel rame, affin-<lb/>chè meglio ſi rilevi l’errore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3570" xml:space="preserve">Inoltre ionon ſo comprendere, che v’abbiano a farei <lb/>feſtoni, i quali null’altro rappreſentano, ſe non ſe ornamenti poſticci, che ingom-<lb/>brano, ed opprimono a un tempo ſteſſ<unsure/>o le parti principali dell’ Architettura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3571" xml:space="preserve">e quan-<lb/>do voglianſi adoperare, ſi debbon collocare in luoghi, che loro ſi addicano, ſiccome <lb/>ſe ne veggiono in varie fabbriche antiche eſeguite da eccellenti Autori.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3572" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div141" type="section" level="1" n="141"> <head xml:id="echoid-head155" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’ Altare nella Chieſa di S.Giuliano ſcorretta e ſenz’ordine.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3573" xml:space="preserve">Queſta cima d’Altare piena d’irregolarità, e di confuſione non conſerva l’Ordine <lb/>poſitivo della buona Architettura, ma tutto vi è falſamente diſpoſto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3574" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div142" type="section" level="1" n="142"> <head xml:id="echoid-head156" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra cima d’Altare nella Chieſa di S.Giuliano diſordinata.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3575" xml:space="preserve">Compariſce queſt’Altare di figura grandioſa, ma ſcorretta, tenendo il rimenato a <lb/>volta guidato dal centro ſteſſo della palla; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3576" xml:space="preserve">e queſto ſopra la prima colonna riſtrin-<lb/>gendoſi gonfia ſopra la ſeconda. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3577" xml:space="preserve">Soſtiene ſeſtone, il quale s’ attacca nel cartoccio <lb/>per teſta della ſerraglia, e taglia l’arco della palla, e la ſerraglia grande: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3578" xml:space="preserve">ſoſtiene <lb/>piediſtallo per figura, e continua l’iſteſs’ordine altro rimenato con cartocci alle teſte <lb/>per termine di detta cima, riuſcendo di figura aſſai maſtina, ſenza verun ordine, nè <lb/>ragione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3579" xml:space="preserve">Chiunque oſſerva tali rimenati così diſpoſti, agevolmente gli rileva mala-<lb/>mente piantati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3580" xml:space="preserve">Come mai poſſon ſervire d’ornamento quei cartocci ſuperiori e in-<lb/>feriori, che gonfiano, e che pare che forzati dal proprio peſo ſi ſchiaccino: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3581" xml:space="preserve">come <lb/>altresì quelle orecchie o manichi poſti alle cimarie di detti rimenati, che moſtrano <lb/>piuttoſto, quelle eſſer ſome di frutti, che rimenati di vera Architettura?</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3582" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div143" type="section" level="1" n="143"> <head xml:id="echoid-head157" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’Altare della Cappella Contarini alla Madonna dell’Orto.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3583" xml:space="preserve">Dalla cima di queſto Altare ſi può chiaramente conoſcere il mal effetto prodotto <lb/>dai fronteſpizj fuor di propoſito raddoppiati, e ſopra la ſteſſa colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3584" xml:space="preserve">Il primo vien <lb/>ſoſtentato da menſola nella mezzerìa della cornice, e termina ſoſtenuto dalla ſerra-<lb/>glia grande dell’arco, ſopra la quale leſenato tiene anche la ſteſſa gola: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3585" xml:space="preserve">altro reme-<lb/>nato ſimilmente, cioè il ſecondo, ſtaſſi appoggiato ſul fine della propria cornice, e <lb/>termina ſul vivo della colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3586" xml:space="preserve">E’uno ſtrafare il raddoppiare gli oggetti in queſta <lb/>guiſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3587" xml:space="preserve">oper meglio eſprimerci, un operare ſenza ragione, raddoppiando il ſuperſluo. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3588" xml:space="preserve">In oltre il feſtone attaccato al cartoccio preſſo alla ſerraglia ſi trova ſimilmente ſot-<lb/>to l’orlo della cornice pendente, e viene a cuoprire porzione dell’arco, nèproduce <lb/>che male eſſetto, togliendo la grazia ad eſſo arco, che dee ingentilire, e nobilitare <lb/>l’opera ſteſſa.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3589" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="86" file="0194" n="194" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0194-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0194-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0194-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0194-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption99" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’Altare nella Chieſa dei Serviti <lb/>con meſchini rimenati</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0194-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0194-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption100" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’Altare nella Chieſa di S Giuliano <lb/>scorretta e ſenz’ ordine.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0194-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0194-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption101" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra cima d’Altare nella Chieſa di S. Giuliano <lb/>diſordinata.<lb/>Cina d’Altare della Cappella Contarini <lb/>alla Madonna dell’Orto.</caption> </figure> <pb o="87" file="0195" n="195" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div144" type="section" level="1" n="144"> <head xml:id="echoid-head158" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altar Maggiore della Chieſa de’PP. Carmelitani Scalzi.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3590" xml:space="preserve">Sembra impoſſibile, che tanto ſiaſi avanzato l’abuſo della ſcorretta Architettura <lb/>per la ſconvolta maniera di penſare, ed eſeguire dei bizzarri imperiti Architetti mo-<lb/>derni, che abbianla oggimai roverſciata dai fondamenti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3591" xml:space="preserve">Mi fanno realmente ſtupo-<lb/>re gli errori, e ſconcezze, che ſi rilevano nell’Altar Maggiore della Chieſa de’ PP. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3592" xml:space="preserve">Carmelitani Scalzi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3593" xml:space="preserve">In eſſo è affatto ſcompoſta e diſordinata tutta l’Architettura in <lb/>ſe, ed in tutte le ſue parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3594" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervo innanzi a tutto, eſſer queſt’ Altare d’Ordine <lb/>Corintio, che è il più leggiero, e grazioſo di tutti gli Ordini: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3595" xml:space="preserve">e malgrado ciò, for-<lb/>ma una comparſa peſante, e grave. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3596" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi dalla cornice in sù, che ſcherza in <lb/>concavo, e in conveſſo, gira, e rigira ſregolatamente: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3597" xml:space="preserve">l’arco ſteſſo non è ſincero, <lb/>ma ſi riſtringe, e moſtra il fianco alle parti riuſcendo anguſto, meſchino, e ſtret-<lb/>to: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3598" xml:space="preserve">tiene otto colonne ſpirali, e queſte ſono teatrali: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3599" xml:space="preserve">quattro contrappilaſtri; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3600" xml:space="preserve">e tutta <lb/>inſieme la gran macchina non fa, che un’appariſcenza inſuſſiſtente, che nulla con-<lb/>clude. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3601" xml:space="preserve">S’alzino gli occhi, e ſi oſſervi la tronca cima mal compoſta, ed eſeguita sì <lb/>ſconciamente, che peggio non può idearſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3602" xml:space="preserve">Che altro mai queſta rappreſenta, che <lb/>due ſgarbati rocchelloni con cornice ſguſciata poſta ſopra altra cornice zancata, la <lb/>quale termina in riquadro ſtriſciato, e male appoggiato ſull’Attico ornato di goffi <lb/>roſelloni, e di feſtone attraverſato dietro alla Statua del Salvatore? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3603" xml:space="preserve">Ciò compariſce <lb/>figura ornata sì, ma riſtretta, e anguſtiata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3604" xml:space="preserve">In ſomma ſiffatte rappreſentanze non <lb/>meritano altro titolo, che meſchinità da acconciatori, non parti da nobili Architet-<lb/>ti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3605" xml:space="preserve">Se poiſi riſletta al baldacchino, queſto potrebbe ſervire per decorare lo ſteſſo Al-<lb/>tare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3606" xml:space="preserve">ma come è eſeguito, così aggruppato, e peſante, appeſo da una parte all’al-<lb/>tra della Cappella, non merita approvazione, a motivo del grande ingombro, erea <lb/>ſituazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3607" xml:space="preserve">E’ queſto formato di laſtre di piombo dorato, coſa che impone, veggen-<lb/>doſi, che tanta doratura ſerva per campo, o ſchienale al medeſimo Altare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3608" xml:space="preserve">Vera-<lb/>mente l’oro fu ſempre mai, e ſarà l’incanto degl’ignoranti, che non comprendono <lb/>la vera ragione delle coſe perſette: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3609" xml:space="preserve">ma nella mente dei buoni conoſcitori tali coſe <lb/>paſſeranno perpetuamente per fantaſtiche immaginazioni, e ſogni. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3610" xml:space="preserve">Compariſe ai dì <lb/>noſtri l’Architettura così ſconcia, e malmenata, che non ſi rileva più l’ottimo eſ-<lb/>ſer ſuo, fondato in proporzioni, e miſure laſciateci dagli antichi Maeſtri dell’Arte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3611" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Tal diſordine ſempre più s’inoltra, e ſembra ben accolto, poichè la corrotta moda <lb/>s’è impegnata a lodare tali incoerenze, gittandoſi dietro le ſpalle quel buono, che <lb/>in tutti i tempi s’acquiſtò tanto onore preſſo i ſaggj ed intendenti conoſcitori.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3612" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3613" xml:space="preserve">Se il far toccar con mano errori sì palpabili e chiari produceſſe l’effetto, al qua-<lb/>le ſono diretti, che bella coſa ſarebbe il veder rinaſcere il buon guſto, ed il ſincero <lb/>modo da praticarſi, a norma dell’ ottima maniera degli Antichi, i quali, sì nelle <lb/>miſure, che nelle compoſizioni, oſſervarono quel decoro, che è tanto proprio dell’ <lb/>Architettura genuina, che ſu ſempre il vero, e ſoſtanziale ornamento dei Regni, <lb/>della Città, e del Mondo?</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3614" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3615" xml:space="preserve">Importa altresì molto il riſlettere all’abuſo diſordinato, che ſi pratica col non oſ-<lb/>ſervare ciò, che competa, o non s’adatti al maeſtoſo decoro, che conviene alla San-<lb/>ta Chieſa di Dio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3616" xml:space="preserve">Queſta dovrebbe eſſer compoſta in modo, che conciliaſſe devozio-<lb/>ne, e compunzione, e che non moveſſe mai a curioſità, ed eccitaſſe ſviamento col-<lb/>le bizzarrie ſmorſioſe introdotte, come in fatti veggiamo in queſta Chieſa dei PP. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3617" xml:space="preserve">Carmelitani Scalzi, più, che in ogni altra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3618" xml:space="preserve">In fatti non può eſſere più ſconcia, ſgar-<lb/>bata, edimpropria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3619" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi, com’ella è piena dall’alto al baſſo di ricchi marmi, <lb/>parte veri, e parte finti, tutta ingombrata d’idee fantaſtiche e da ſcena, framiſchia-<lb/>te con oro, e pitture varie: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3620" xml:space="preserve">tutto per far comparſa ricca e pompoſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3621" xml:space="preserve">ma priva e <lb/>ſpoglia affatto delvero ſuo decoro, che eſſer dovrebbe pura, ſolida, e ſemplice, ed <lb/>eccitante, come dovrebbe, venerazione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3622" xml:space="preserve">Chinon conoſce quanto eſpongo, ènudo af-<lb/>fatto d’intelligenza, e s’accorda collo ſtile corrotto, approvato da coloro, cui piace <lb/>l’attillatura, e il faſto ſcenico, credendo queſto eſſere il vero, eil buono: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3623" xml:space="preserve">ma dob-<lb/>biamo confeſſare eſſer diſordinato e falſo, non mai praticato nei buoni tempi, anzi <lb/>perpetuamente aborrito, come non accordanteſi colla buona Architettura praticataſi <lb/>dai buoni Maeſtri, che decoravano le Chieſe, come conveniva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3624" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervino digrazia <lb/>le fabbricate dal famoſo Architetto Andrea Palladio, cioè, quella del Redentore fatta <lb/>erigere per voto dell’Eccellentiſſimo Senato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3625" xml:space="preserve">quella di San Giorgio Maggiore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3626" xml:space="preserve">quel-<lb/>la di Santa Lucia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3627" xml:space="preserve">e quella delle Zittelle. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3628" xml:space="preserve">Queſte quì in Venezia ſi oſſervano tutte <lb/>purità, e maeſtà, di ſemplice, ma grande, ma vera Architettura, ſchiette ne’loro <pb o="88" file="0196" n="196" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> ornati, ſenza ſmorſie, o ſcherzi di corrotta moda; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3629" xml:space="preserve">ma il tutto d’eſſe ordinato, ed <lb/>a norma delle regole di ſavio, ottimo, e intelligente Architetto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3630" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3631" xml:space="preserve">Allora ſoltanto arricchì il Palladio d’ornamenti di ſtucchi, e dorature, e vaghe <lb/>pitture, che ordinò, e fece la ſala detta quattro Porte nel Palazzo Ducale. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3632" xml:space="preserve">Quivi sì, ch’ei ſi sfogò con tutta la pompa, poichè era ſala di Principe terreno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3633" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>ma nella Chieſa, che è la ſala della Divinità, non deve ſpiccare che la ſola purità, <lb/>e non trionfarvi la boria, nè lo sfoggio, che è moda vizioſa, la quale in queſto <lb/>caſo dee aborrirſi, alterando grandemente la magnificenza proporzionata al culto, che <lb/>a Dio Signor noſtro è dovuto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3634" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="89" file="0197" n="197" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0197-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0197-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption102" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altar Maggiore della Chieſa de’ P P. Carmelitani Scalzi.</caption> </figure> <pb o="90" file="0198" n="198" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div145" type="section" level="1" n="145"> <head xml:id="echoid-head159" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Scherzo di cornice forzata ſopra l’ Altare delCriſto nella Chieſa de’ <lb/>PP. Carmelitani Scalzi.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3635" xml:space="preserve">Scherza ſopra queſto Altare irregolarmente la propria cornice, facendo l’ufizio d’ <lb/>arco roveſciato, ed anche di rimenato accartocciato, ſtringendo conchiglia ſopra l’ <lb/>occhio, che è aperto per dar lume alla parte inferiore dello ſteſſo Altare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3636" xml:space="preserve">E’ pure <lb/>arricchito da ſeſtoni di ſiori e frutte nei lati, che pendono dal ſecondo cartoccio. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3637" xml:space="preserve">Il rimanente poi della cornice, che appoggia ſulle colonne, e che porta rimenato, <lb/>ſi oſſervi come ſcherza circolarmente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3638" xml:space="preserve">Coſa è queſta licenzioſa, formando un inſie-<lb/>me ſtravagante, lontaniſſimo dal ſano operare, a norma degl’ inſegnamenti dei ve-<lb/>ri Maeſtri dell’Arte, come ſi può rilevare dalle loro fabbriche.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3639" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div146" type="section" level="1" n="146"> <head xml:id="echoid-head160" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cornice poſta ad uſo d’Arco nell’Altare della B. Vergine della medeſima Chieſa.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3640" xml:space="preserve">Figura di mezzo al grande Altare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3641" xml:space="preserve">E’queſto affatto ſcenico, nè ha veſtigio di ſo-<lb/>dezza, e di nobiltà, lontaniſſimo dalla buona Architettura, che quì non ha luogo-<lb/>Si eſamini il preſente eſempio, oſſervabiliſſimo, pereſſere la parte principale, che lo <lb/>compone, che ſono le cornici, volte, e rivolte, girando a foggia d’ arco rigonſio, <lb/>e fuori del vivo, e formante lavoro più atto ad un’arcova, che per un Altare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3642" xml:space="preserve">La <lb/>buona Architettura aborriſce tali ſcherzi, e sfugge perpetuamente ſiffatti falſiſſimi ri-<lb/>pieghi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3643" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="91" file="0199" n="199" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0199-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0199-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0199-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0199-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption103" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Scherzo di cornice forzata ſopra l’Altare del Criſto nella Chieſa de’ P P. Carmelitani Scalzi<lb/>Cornice poſta ad uſo d’Arco nell’Altare della B. Vergine della medeſima Chieſa.</caption> </figure> <pb o="92" file="0200" n="200" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div147" type="section" level="1" n="147"> <head xml:id="echoid-head161" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’Altare ſcorretta nella Chieſa de’PP. Geſuiti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3644" xml:space="preserve">In queſta Chieſa oſſervaſi la preſente cima d’Altare, che tiene cornice in forma <lb/>di cuſpide nella mezzerìa, formando pilaſtro, ed appoggia ſopra il rimenato, coſa <lb/>ſommamente diſdicevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3645" xml:space="preserve">Vi ſono pure i due rimenati a cartoccio, e d’altezza ſpro-<lb/>porzionata, e quaſi in piedi, contro il loro giuſto eſſere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3646" xml:space="preserve">Similmente il modiglione, <lb/>o menſola appoggia ſul telaro della palla, e forma figura molto peſante. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3647" xml:space="preserve">Siffatta <lb/>maniera miſta, cioè parte di buono, e parte di cattivo, altronon dee dirſi, che pa-<lb/>ſticcio, e conſuſione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3648" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div148" type="section" level="1" n="148"> <head xml:id="echoid-head162" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Ornato di Scompoſta fineſtra nella Chieſa de’PP. Scalzi.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3649" xml:space="preserve">Rilevaſi in queſta fineſtra il capriccio bizzarro, e inſieme ſconcio, nonſolo dipor-<lb/>re a ſedere il fronteſpizio, ma di portarlo anche ſregolatamente in punta, ſotto la <lb/>quale vi è la ſerraglia con fogliami, e ripoſa ſul telaro d’eſſa fineſtra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3650" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervando <lb/>ciò, a prima viſta compariſce coſa nuova e capriccioſa; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3651" xml:space="preserve">ma in verità ella non è, <lb/>nè ſarà mai ſe non coſa da teatro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3652" xml:space="preserve">Queſte ſono fantaſie ſognate, non dettami di <lb/>buona Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3653" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="93" file="0201" n="201" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <figure> <image file="0201-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0201-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0201-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0201-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption104" xml:space="preserve">Cima d’ Altare ſcorrelta nella Chieſa de’ P P Geſuiti.<lb/>Ornato di Scompoſta fineſtra nella Chieſa de’ P P. Scalzi.</caption> </figure> <pb o="94" file="0202" n="202" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div149" type="section" level="1" n="149"> <head xml:id="echoid-head163" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra Cornice irregolare poſta ad uſo d’ arco ſull’ Altare del Crocifiſſo, con cima <lb/>peſantiſſima, e pungente, nella Chieſa di S. Bartolommeo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3654" xml:space="preserve">Intorno agli ſcherzi di ſiffatte cornici debbo dire per decoro della vera Architettu-<lb/>ra, come tali irregolarità di cornici non vennero mai uſate dagli Antichi, i quali <lb/>praticarono gli archi retti, e naturali, come appunto inſegna l’ Arte, e non mai le <lb/>ſmorfie, che uſanſi ai tempi preſenti, col di più, che ſi aggravano queſte con ci-<lb/>me al di ſopra, fuori del vivo, e del loro ſoſtegno naturale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3655" xml:space="preserve">Errori irrimediabili, <lb/>e moſtruoſità ineſplicabili. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3656" xml:space="preserve">Si conſideri queſto Altare della Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3657" xml:space="preserve">Bartolommeo, <lb/>e ſpezialmente ſi oſſervi la ſua forma irregolare nella cima della palla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3658" xml:space="preserve">Veggaſi la <lb/>cornice, che ſcherzagli ſopra ad uſo d’ arco a biſcia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3659" xml:space="preserve">e poi s’ oſſervi l’ ornato di <lb/>ſopra, che peſantiſſimo s’ appoggia ſulla ſteſſa cornice col ſolo bovolo, dal quale na-<lb/>ſoe la palma, fermandoſi ſul pilaſtro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3660" xml:space="preserve">Il rimanente poi di ſopra riſtringendoſi for-<lb/>ma cartocci, e conchiglia con teſtoline di Cherubini ſotto, e ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3661" xml:space="preserve">In quello poi, <lb/>che ſi dice Cima, non ſo come vi poſſa capire un tale ſcherzo, che ſervirebbe più <lb/>acconciamente per cimiero, o per ſchienale ad un banco da Ingreſſo di caſa, che <lb/>ſopra un Altare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3662" xml:space="preserve">Tali Architetti in ſomma pretendono di far agire l’ Architettura a lor <lb/>talento, non altrimenti che foſſe un’ Arte libera, in cui tutti poteſſero ſcherzare a lor <lb/>ſenno.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3663" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div150" type="section" level="1" n="150"> <head xml:id="echoid-head164" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima dell’ Altare di S. Giovanni Evangeliſta nella Chieſa di S. Pietro di Caſtello.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3664" xml:space="preserve">Molto irregolare ſi è certamente queſta cima d’ Altare, mentre il ſuo naturale ri-<lb/>menato è poſto ſopra le colonne principali d’ Ordine Compoſito, leſinato, e ſoffoga-<lb/>to dal picciol fronteſpizio nel mezzo, poſto ſopra la ſerraglia dell’ arco, ſoſtentato <lb/>da altre due cartelle alle parti, che cuopre la mezzerìa dello ſteſſo rimenato, che <lb/>ſopr’ eſſo pure da menſola e cartocci alle parti ſoſtiene un buſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3665" xml:space="preserve">Così parimente il <lb/>fronteſpizio, che comincia alle due ſeconde colonne, batte nel rimenato, e ſi per-<lb/>de, conſondendoſi in quello. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3666" xml:space="preserve">Incoerenza grandiſſima, ed irregolarità diſordinata, e <lb/>moſtruoſa, che nell’ ordine di ſana Architettura diſdice totalmente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3667" xml:space="preserve">La vera Arte ri-<lb/>chiede maniera regolata, netta, e chiara, ſenza confuſione, nè imbrogli, come ſi <lb/>oſſerva in queſta cima. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3668" xml:space="preserve">Anche que’ due bovoli, che naſcono di ſotto alla cornice, <lb/>e rivalta nel timpano, vien creduto un bel ripiego per riempire il vacuo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3669" xml:space="preserve">Simil-<lb/>mente quegli altri due, che dalla propria ſoazza dell’ arco naſcono, ſi vogliono ap-<lb/>preſſo alla ſerraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3670" xml:space="preserve">Queſte ſorte d’ ornamenti accartocciati non ſono in verun con-<lb/>to Architettura, ma imbrogli, che ſovvertono, e ſconcertano l’ Arte medeſima.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3671" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="95" file="0203" n="203" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0203-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0203-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0203-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0203-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption105" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra Cornice irregolare poſta ad uſo d’ arco <lb/>ſull’ Altare del Crocifiſſo, con cima peſantiſſima, <lb/>e pungente, nella Chieſa di S. Bartolommeo.<lb/>Cima dell’ Altare di S. giovanni Evangeliſta <lb/>nella Chieſa di s. Pietro di Caſtello.</caption> </figure> <pb o="96" file="0204" n="204" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div151" type="section" level="1" n="151"> <head xml:id="echoid-head165" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco tagliato dagli ornati nella Chieſa de’ PP. Geſuiti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3672" xml:space="preserve">La figura di queſto Altare moſtra gli ornati ſconciſſimi, fuori del loro luogo, e <lb/>poſti non per altro, che per togliere l’ aria e la buona grazia all’ arco, per confon-<lb/>dere la parte principale dello ſteſſo Altare, tagliandolo con feſtoni, e con gruppo di <lb/>Cherubini, che lo cuoprono nel mezzo, e gli tolgono la ſua proporzione ed avve-<lb/>nenza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3673" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div152" type="section" level="1" n="152"> <head xml:id="echoid-head166" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Depoſito del Sereniſſimo Principe Franceſco Venier nella Chieſa di S. Salvadore.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3674" xml:space="preserve">In queſto Depoſito innalzato alla glorioſa memoria de! Sereniſſimo Principe Franceſco <lb/>Venier, può rilevarſi l’ enorme errore di porre gli archi ſopra le colonne ſenza alcun <lb/>fiancheggio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3675" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi quanto diſdica il peſo della cornice poveriſſima nei peduc-<lb/>ci, non avendo la minima forza per iſtringer l’ arco, ſalvo la miſera dirittura dell’ <lb/>angolo medeſimo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3676" xml:space="preserve">Coſa ella è queſta, che ſi dilunga grandemente dal ragionevole, <lb/>e dalla buona maniera di piantare gli archi, che debbano ſuſſiſtere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3677" xml:space="preserve">Oltre agli altri <lb/>molti errori, che ſi rilevano in queſto mauſoleo, come le trite colonnelle Joniche <lb/>poſte ſopra l’ ultime colonne degl’ intercolunnj, che ſono Compoſite, le quali ſono <lb/>parimente aggravate di cornice con ſregio gonfio e peſante, che non corriſponde nè <lb/>poco, nè molto col fregio del fronteſpizio, ſi oſſerva aver l’ Architetto antepoſto l’ <lb/>Ordine Jonico, e queſto poſto ſopra il Compoſito, che è il ſuperiore d’ ognialtr’Or-<lb/>dine, facendolo in tal modo comparire inferiore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3678" xml:space="preserve">Quaſi nel modo ſteſſo compariſce <lb/>pure oſſervabile altro Depoſito del Sereniſſimo Principe Andrea Vendramino ai Servi; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3679" xml:space="preserve">come altresì l’ Altar maggiorc nella Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3680" xml:space="preserve">Rocco, che ſimilmente tiene l’ Or-<lb/>dine Jonico ſopra il Corintio, come i due diviſati Depoſiti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3681" xml:space="preserve">e parimente nella Chie-<lb/>ſa medeſima i quattro Altari ſimili hanno eziandio gli archi ſenza fiancheggio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3682" xml:space="preserve">In <lb/>ſimil guiſa l’ Altare del Criſto nella Chieſa dei Servi, ed in altri luoghi ſi oſſerva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3683" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Tali archi sì mal penſati non poſſono aver luogo nella vera Architettura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3684" xml:space="preserve">ma eſſen-<lb/>do tanto ſprovveduti di forza, e piantati meſchinamente, formano figura impropria, <lb/>e diſſonante dal fine richieſto dall’ Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3685" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3686" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſteſſo errore del porre l’ Ordine inferiore ſopra il ſuperiore ſi oſſerva anche ſo-<lb/>pra l’ Altare di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3687" xml:space="preserve">Girolamo nella Chieſa dei Frari, il quale eſſendo d’ Ordine Com-<lb/>poſito tiene ſopr’ eſſo Ordine altre due colonne d’ Ordine Jonico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3688" xml:space="preserve">Simiglianti incoe-<lb/>renze debbono perpetuamente sfuggirſi, perchè contrarie affatto alla ſana Architet-<lb/>tura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3689" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="97" file="0205" n="205" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0205-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0205-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption106" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco tagliato da gli ornati <lb/>nella Chieſa de’ P P. Geſuili.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0205-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0205-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption107" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Depoſito del <lb/>Sereniſſimo Principe <lb/>Franceſco Venier nella <lb/>Chieſa di S. Salvadore.</caption> </figure> <pb o="98" file="0206" n="206" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div153" type="section" level="1" n="153"> <head xml:id="echoid-head167" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco ſenza fiancheggio nella Chieſa di S. Paolo, detta S. Polo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3690" xml:space="preserve">Anche in queſto Altare è palpabile l’ errore dell’ arco ſenza fiancheggio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3691" xml:space="preserve">La figu-<lb/>ra da queſto rappreſentata moſtra dello ſpirito, ma ſconſiderato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3692" xml:space="preserve">Primieramente oſ-<lb/>ſerviamo le due colonne Joniche ſoſtener la cornice, e parimente quella di dentro <lb/>tener l’ arco colla dirittura perpendicolare fin ſotto la cornice ſuperiore: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3693" xml:space="preserve">la ſeconda <lb/>di fuori non gli ſta punto ſopra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3694" xml:space="preserve">perchè la cartella, che ſoſtiene menſola, modi-<lb/>glione, cornice, e fronteſpizio con vaſo, poſſa queſta, riſtringendoſi nel piede, e <lb/>nella menſola appoggiare bensì ſopra il contropilaſtro, nè mai ſopra la colonna, <lb/>ſicchè queſta reſta inutile. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3695" xml:space="preserve">La mezzerìa parimente reſta confuſa e peſante, priva di <lb/>quella leggerezza, che adorna, e ſtabiliſce perfetta la figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3696" xml:space="preserve">Perchè poi meglio ſi <lb/>rilevi quanto eſpongo, ſi oſſervi il profilo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3697" xml:space="preserve">eriſalterà viemaggiormente la ſtrana ſua <lb/>poſitura, ed il ſuo mancameuto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3698" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div154" type="section" level="1" n="154"> <head xml:id="echoid-head168" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altro Arco ſenza fiancheggio nella Chieſa di San Bartolommeo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3699" xml:space="preserve">Dandoſi una ſemplice occhiata a queſto Altare, ſi rileva toſto la ſua figura ſecca e <lb/>ſgarbata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3700" xml:space="preserve">Non ha il medeſimo altra legatura, fuorchè nella ſopraccorniceCompoſita <lb/>ſotto al fronteſpizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3701" xml:space="preserve">Adorna l’ arco la palla, il qual arco appoggia ſopra colonne <lb/>Corintie con cornice formante impoſte al medeſimo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3702" xml:space="preserve">Queſt’ arco ſporge in fuori tut-<lb/>to lo ſporgimento della propria colonna, e nel peduzzo abbandonato e ſprovveduto <lb/>ſenza ſpalleggio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3703" xml:space="preserve">alza perpendicolarmente la dirittura dell’ angolo ſin ſotto alla cor-<lb/>nice. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3704" xml:space="preserve">Nel fondo sì di dentro, che di fuori ha l’ aletta, che lo adorna certamente, <lb/>ma non gli dà forza alcuna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3705" xml:space="preserve">La colonna maggiore, che è Compoſita, reſta iſolata, <lb/>ſoſtenendo il ſolo fronteſpizio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3706" xml:space="preserve">per lo che rilevaſi la ſtravaganza d’ un errore, che <lb/>diſcorda, e diſordina tutta l’ architettonica ſimmetria.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3707" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="99" file="0207" n="207" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0207-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0207-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0207-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0207-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption108" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Profilo della <lb/>sudetta figura.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0207-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0207-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption109" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco ſenza fiancheggio nella <lb/>Chieſa di S. Paolo, <lb/>detto S. Polo.<lb/>Altro Arco ſenza fiancheggio <lb/>nella Chieſa di S. Bartolommeo.</caption> </figure> <pb o="100" file="0208" n="208" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div155" type="section" level="1" n="155"> <head xml:id="echoid-head169" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altare diſunito nelle ſue parti nella Chieſa di San Franceſco della Vigna.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3708" xml:space="preserve">Altari così diſuniti nelle loro parti pur troppo ſe ne veggiono in copia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3709" xml:space="preserve">ma que-<lb/>ſto ha molto del particolare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3710" xml:space="preserve">poichè ha queſte medeſime parti quaſi poſticce. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3711" xml:space="preserve">Si <lb/>oſſervi la colonna, e l’ aletta con ſua cornice, e rimenato, e ſi vedrà ſeparato dalla <lb/>cornice, e fronteſpizio poſto nel mezzo ſopra la palla, che vien ſoſtenuto da tre mo-<lb/>diglioni cartellati: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3712" xml:space="preserve">quello di mezzo più grande forma ſerraglia all’ arco della palla, <lb/>e i due piccoli appoggiano ſu l’ arco ſteſſo, ſenza verun fondamento, nè ragione. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3713" xml:space="preserve">Vi è parimente la cartella, che gli ſta a fianco; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3714" xml:space="preserve">ed anche queſta ſi vede ſcherzare <lb/>in certo modo per far moſtra di ſoſtenere, ma non ſoſtiene, e non è ſoſtenuta, ed <lb/>il pezzo d’ arco, che la medeſima cuopre, a null’ altro può ſervire, che per ſecon-<lb/>dare il rimenato, oppure per far comparire in realtà una giunta, che diſordina, o <lb/>ſia un malinteſo ripiego, che altro non fa che confondere.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3715" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div156" type="section" level="1" n="156"> <head xml:id="echoid-head170" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco ſenza fiancheggio nell’ Altar Maggiore della Chieſa di San Baſilio.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3716" xml:space="preserve">Dell’ Altar Maggiore di queſta Chieſa, che ſerve di ſedia al medeſimo Santo Veſco-<lb/>vo Titolare, convien dire, che ha l’ arco privo d’ ogni fiancheggio e proprietà, ab-<lb/>bandonato, e ſoltanto caricato dalla ſopraccornice. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3717" xml:space="preserve">Queſto appoggia a dirittura ſopra <lb/>il capitello Jonico ſenza cornice: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3718" xml:space="preserve">ſtannogli appreſſo due colonne Corintie, che ſono <lb/>iſolate, e ſporgono in fuori, nulla ſervono alle Joniche ſoſtenenti l’ arco, ma mo-<lb/>ſtrano ſolo di regger la cornice, e il rimenato, che le ſta ſopra, il quale cuopre tut-<lb/>to l’ Altare, interrotto queſto dallo ſporgimento nella mezzerìa, che vien legata da <lb/>due ſcartoccioni, i quali ingombrano tutto il timpano, riducendoſi alla figura ma-<lb/>ſtina, e peſante: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3719" xml:space="preserve">coſe tutte oppoſte al buon ſiſtema.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3720" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div157" type="section" level="1" n="157"> <head xml:id="echoid-head171" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Stravaganza di fronteſpizj, ed arco ſenza fiancheggio nella Chieſa di S. Silveſtro.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3721" xml:space="preserve">Ha queſto due fronteſpizj diſſonanti, l’ uno ſoſtenuto da menſola e cartella, che <lb/>ſtringe la ſerraglia cartellata con cornice ſopra, che nulla ſoſtenta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3722" xml:space="preserve">l’ altro maggiore <lb/>ingombrato dal rimenato, che gli ſta a ridoſſo, viene appoggiato ſul pilaſtro cartel-<lb/>lato, i modiglioni nella cornice due ſoli per colonna, ſi ſcavalcano nella mezzerìa, <lb/>e falla la corriſpondenza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3723" xml:space="preserve">poichè di ſopra nel fronteſpizio vi è il modiglione nella <lb/>mezzerìa, e di ſotto ſopra la ſerraglia vi è laſciato lo ſpazio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3724" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente l’ arco è <lb/>ſenza fiancheggio, e abbandonato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3725" xml:space="preserve">Errori tutti da oſſervarſi attentamente per con-<lb/>dannargli, e per tenerſene alle occaſioni lontano.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3726" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="101" file="0209" n="209" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0209-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0209-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption110" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altare diſunito nelle ſue parti <lb/>nella Chieſa di S. Franceſco <lb/>della Vigna.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0209-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0209-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption111" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco ſenza fiancheg-<lb/>gio nell’ Altar Mag-<lb/>giore della Chieſa <lb/>di San Baſilio.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0209-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0209-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption112" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Stravaganza di fronteſpizj, e arco ſenza <lb/>fiancheggio nella Chieſa di S. Silveſtro.</caption> </figure> <pb o="102" file="0210" n="210" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div158" type="section" level="1" n="158"> <head xml:id="echoid-head172" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Archi ſenza fiancheggio nel Tabernacolo dentro la Chieſa dei Carmini.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3727" xml:space="preserve">In queſto Tabernacolo, che è tutto d’ Ordine Corintio, ſi rileva patentemente il <lb/>diſordine negli archi privi di fiancheggio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3728" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi quanto ciò ſia diſdicevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3729" xml:space="preserve">E’ <lb/>più che vero, che le colonne principali poſte ne’ fianchi a nulla ſervono, e null’ <lb/>altro ſoſtengono, ſe non la pura cornice, che corre all’ intorno, e queſta ſopra archi <lb/>forma i fronteſpizj. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3730" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervino gli archi ſteſſi poſti meſchinamente, privi della no-<lb/>biltà della loro faccia, e ſolo ſi ravviſano dalla ſerraglia, che ſta nella mezzerìa. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3731" xml:space="preserve">Appoggiano queſti ſopra altra cornice ad uſo d’ impoſte con picciole colonne tutte <lb/>iſolate, e nella baſe s’ uguagliano alle principali. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3732" xml:space="preserve">Il tamburo di ſopra ai ſronteſpizj <lb/>ſi oſſervi nel ſuo baſamento, che piomba a dirittura ſullo ſporto del gocciolatojo <lb/>della cornice, e così collocato viene a poſare ſul falſo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3733" xml:space="preserve">forma due gradini al di ſo-<lb/>pra, che a nulla ſervono; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3734" xml:space="preserve">e lo ſteſſo tamburo, pel peduzzo, e baſe, che ha, com-<lb/>pariſce tozzo, e di ſconcia figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3735" xml:space="preserve">In ſomma convien dire, che gli errori non cono-<lb/>ſciuti dai Profeſſori ſono la cagione, onde tutto vada in diſordine.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3736" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div159" type="section" level="1" n="159"> <head xml:id="echoid-head173" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Depoſito dei Sereniſſimi Principi Valieri nella Chieſa dei SS. Giovanni e Paolo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3737" xml:space="preserve">Anche nel preſente Depoſito ſi rileva un errore di rimarco, ſecondo il vero mo-<lb/>do d’ operare penſando. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3738" xml:space="preserve">Appariſce queſto ſopra le due porte, che in eſſo ſi trovano, <lb/>quella cioè, che introduce nella Cappella, e l’ altra ſopra la ſtrada. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3739" xml:space="preserve">Queſte due por-<lb/>te ſono a volta, e l’ arco delle medeſime appoggia ſull’ erta attaccata al piediſtallo <lb/>delle colonne Corintie; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3740" xml:space="preserve">ed il medeſimo parimente dalla parte delle colonne non mo-<lb/>ſtra ſorza alcuna per reggere il peſo, che ſoſtenta; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3741" xml:space="preserve">e trovandoſi privo di fiancheg-<lb/>gio, compariſce di meſchina forma, non avendo altro che lo accompagni, ſalvo la <lb/>ſola dirittura, che corriſponde perpendicolarmente coll’ erta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3742" xml:space="preserve">dove ſopra ha cornice, <lb/>e piediſtallo, ove ſono collocate le ſtatue de’ Principi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3743" xml:space="preserve">Produce inoltre ingombro co’ <lb/>ſuoi ſporti all’ aletta Corintia, che gli è preſſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3744" xml:space="preserve">Tutti gli altri errori, che vi ſi po-<lb/>trebbero far rilevare, ſi tralaſciano, baſtandoci d’ avere accennato i principali, cioè, <lb/>quelli che a dirittura tolgono il bello, ed il nobile dell’ Architettura, come ſi ſcuo-<lb/>pre dallo ſtrato, ed Attico al diſopra.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3745" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="103" file="0211" n="211" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0211-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0211-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption113" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Archi ſenza fiancheggio <lb/>nel Jabernacolo dentro <lb/>la Chieſa dei Carmini.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0211-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0211-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption114" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Depoſito dei Sereniſſimi <lb/>Principi Valieri nella <lb/>Chieſa de SS. Giovan-<lb/>ni e Paolo.</caption> </figure> <pb o="104" file="0212" n="212" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div160" type="section" level="1" n="160"> <head xml:id="echoid-head174" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altare di S. Antonio Abate nella Chieſa di S. Salvadore, mal diretto nel rimenato.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3746" xml:space="preserve">E’da oſſervarſi in queſto Altare l’errore maſſiccio, che rilevaſi nel vederſi poſti i <lb/>modiglioni nel rimenato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3747" xml:space="preserve">Si può dire in queſto luogo, che la maniera di voler con <lb/>durre i medeſimi tutti al centro, abbian obbligato il taglio, o ſia modenatura dello <lb/>ſteſſo rimenato ſopra la colonna a portarſi al punto medeſimo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3748" xml:space="preserve">quindi ſi vede quan-<lb/>to ſgarbata figura preſenti, priva del naturale ſuo ſporgimento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3749" xml:space="preserve">e per eſſere così in <lb/>piedi, non può nemmeno ben ſedere la figura, che gli ſta ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3750" xml:space="preserve">Novità sì ſtrava-<lb/>gante non può dirſi ſe non ſe ſtorpiatura, e non mai ornato, a motivo del reo ef-<lb/>fetto, che produce, non eſſendo regolato ſecondo i dettami dell’ Arte: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3751" xml:space="preserve">ſpicca poi <lb/>tanto più l’errore, a motivo della cornice ſuperiore, la quale è ſoſtentata da due <lb/>cartelle, che ripoſano ſopra l’ultima colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3752" xml:space="preserve">Queſta pure tiene i modiglioni, che <lb/>ſono Compoſiti, ma non ſon poſti in buona forma corriſpondenti perpendicolar-<lb/>mente con quelli del fronteſpizio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3753" xml:space="preserve">eſono appunto quelli, che più patentemente fan-<lb/>no ſcomparire il rimenato, che ſta loro ſotto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3754" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3755" xml:space="preserve">Queſte ſono incoerenze, che offendono la viſta, e che fanno biaſimar l’Architet-<lb/>to come imperito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3756" xml:space="preserve">Tali rimenati con i modiglioni sì diſordinati ſi vedono pure al-<lb/>trove, e fra queſti il grand’arco del frontone ſopra la facciata della Chieſa di Santa <lb/>Maria dei Miracoli, che portano i correnti ſteſſi al centro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3757" xml:space="preserve">Se ne vedono altri non <lb/>perpendicolaria quelli della cornice, ma diritti a ſquadra del gocciolatojo, nel fron-<lb/>teſpizio ſulla porta della Cappella di San Niccolò, nel corridore ſopra la Scala de’ <lb/>Giganti nel Palazzo Ducale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3758" xml:space="preserve">lo dico però per maggiore intelligenza degli ſtudioſi, <lb/>che ſe mai s’imbatteſſero in tali caſi, ſarà ſempre meglio il tralaſciargli sì nel ri-<lb/>menato, che nella cornice, anzichè porgli in guiſa sì ſconcia e diſordinata, poichè <lb/>non poſſon giammai formare figura perfetta.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3759" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div161" type="section" level="1" n="161"> <head xml:id="echoid-head175" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra Cima d’Altare nella Chieſa della Madonna dell’Orto con rimenato ſcorretto.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3760" xml:space="preserve">Dobbiamo anche quì dire, eſſer male eſeguito il rimenato poſto in figura di terzo <lb/>aggù, coni modiglioni correnti al centro, che diſcordano da quelli del fronteſpizio, <lb/>formando apparenza diſſonante e moſtruoſa, veggendoſi i primi perpendicolari, ed i <lb/>ſecondi poſti traſverſalmente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3761" xml:space="preserve">oltre la figura del terzo aggù, che termina alla metà <lb/>del fronteſpizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3762" xml:space="preserve">Ognun vede, che ciò non può fare che figura ſcorretta, e diſor-<lb/>dinata. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3763" xml:space="preserve">L’arco poi, ed il nicchio ſteſſo è intieramente slegato, non oſſervando al-<lb/>cuna conſonanza delle parti col rimanente, ſicchè lo ſteſſo reſta quaſi poſticcio, e <lb/>abbandonato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3764" xml:space="preserve">nè può dirſi altro, che la ſerraglia, cioè, la grande peſante maſche-<lb/>ra, che moſtra di ſoſtenere il fronteſpizio, e ſerrar l’arco, figuri legatura, lo che <lb/>non è in fatti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3765" xml:space="preserve">Errori di tal fatta naſcono d’ordinario, per non ſaperſi da certi Ar-<lb/>chitetti di quale importanza ſia la vera, e neceſſaria unione, e legatura delle par-<lb/>ti, per sè tanto importante; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3766" xml:space="preserve">appagandoſi queſti d’una certa tal qual comparſa, al <lb/>dir di loro, bizzarra per varietà di moſſe, che realmente non vale, nè può valer <lb/>coſa alcuna.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3767" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="105" file="0213" n="213" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0213-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0213-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption115" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altare di S. Ant:<emph style="sub">t<unsure/>o</emph> Abate nella <lb/>Chieſa di S. Salvatore, male or-<lb/>dinato nel remenato.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0213-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0213-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption116" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra cima di Altare nella Chieſa <lb/>della Madonna del orto con <lb/>scoretto remenato in terzo agù.</caption> </figure> <pb o="106" file="0214" n="214" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div162" type="section" level="1" n="162"> <head xml:id="echoid-head176" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fronteſpizio dell’ Altare di S. Girolamo nella Chieſa di S. Salvadore <lb/>con i modiglioni male ordinati.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3768" xml:space="preserve">Nella cornice, e nel fronteſpizio di queſto Altare ſi oſſervano i modiglioni male <lb/>ordinati. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3769" xml:space="preserve">Si faccia pertanto attenzione alla cornice, e ſi vedrà, che la medeſima ha <lb/>i ſuoi modiglioni bene ordinati, e nella mezzerìa lo ſpazio, e non il modiglione; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3770" xml:space="preserve">ma ſi oſſerva tutto l’oppoſto nel fronteſpizio, poichè non vi è la corriſpondenza, <lb/>che ſi richiede, vale a dire, che un modiglione corriſponda all’altro, e ſi uniſcano <lb/>armonicamente, e non varino, come in queſto luogo fanno, ove è accreſciuto il nu-<lb/>mero, e ſcavalcato l’ordine, fuor di luogo, e ſenza alcuna ragione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3771" xml:space="preserve">Sì bizzarre ſtra-<lb/>vaganze ſonoſi ſempre vedute, poichè non ſi fece mai rifleſſione al diſordine, ed er-<lb/>rore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3772" xml:space="preserve">ma ora, che veggionſene in copia, forz’ è porre argine; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3773" xml:space="preserve">e reprimere sì enor-<lb/>mi abuſi praticati a man ſalva da quelli, che ſpacciano per bellezze sì fatte moſtruo-<lb/>ſità. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3774" xml:space="preserve">Se vogliamo parlar con verità, ſon queſti tutti ſconvolgimenti dell’Arte, ed er-<lb/>rori, fantaſie ſognate, ſenza il fondamento della vera ragione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3775" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div163" type="section" level="1" n="163"> <head xml:id="echoid-head177" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Degli Archi poſti in aria nella Chieſa di S. Niccolò, in quella di S. Baſilio, <lb/>ed in quella di S. Paolo, detto volgarmente S. Polo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3776" xml:space="preserve">A quanto abbiamo ſcoperto d’errore, nel maneggio di malinteſa Architettura, ag-<lb/>giungaſi anche il mal uſo praticato in certi tempi nel piantar gli archi in ogni ma-<lb/>niera: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3777" xml:space="preserve">ma ciò che più ſorprende l’uomo ragionevole, ſi è il vederne dei pendenti <lb/>appoggiati a ſemplici menſole, o capitelli a menſola, come quelli ſono, che ſi ve-<lb/>dono in S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3778" xml:space="preserve">Niccolò ſoſtentati da capitello a gocciola, ſopra cui è la ſtatua dell’ A-<lb/>poſtolo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3779" xml:space="preserve">come altri nella Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3780" xml:space="preserve">Baſilio, che non hanno altro ſoſtegno, ſalvo <lb/>una ſemplice cornice, in figura d’impoſta con ſotto roſetta per termine, e nello ſpa-<lb/>zio di mezzo ſta in pittura a ſedere il S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3781" xml:space="preserve">Apoſtolo Pietro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3782" xml:space="preserve">Quelli poi, che ſono in <lb/>San Polo, ſono pure quaſi nel modo ſteſſo, appoggiando ſopra menſola molto peſan-<lb/>te, e da queſta pende una lampana, e ſopra ſtatua dell’Apoſtolo, con taglio e mo-<lb/>denatura di cornice in figura ſgarbata, ornata di triti lavori, e tutto l’inſieme altro <lb/>non preſenta, che confuſione, e mal ordine.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3783" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3784" xml:space="preserve">Siffatti Archi in tal guiſa eſeguiti ſono di falſiſſima figura, ordinati ſenza la ret-<lb/>ta ragione, poichè non poſſon mai avere alcuna reale ſuſſiſtenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3785" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi, come i <lb/>detti archi s’uniſcono nel piede, appoggiando ſoltanto ſopra il capitello, o menſo-<lb/>la pendente in aria; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3786" xml:space="preserve">ovvero ſopra impoſta con roſetta al di ſotto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3787" xml:space="preserve">Se bene ſi riflet-<lb/>ta al poſitivo eſſere dell’arco, queſto conſiſte nel ſoſtenere ciò, che gli ſta ſopra, e <lb/>ſpingere ciò, che gli è ſottopoſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3788" xml:space="preserve">Laonde ſarà ſempre vero, che il capitello, o im-<lb/>poſta, ſendo ſpinto, abbia per neceſſità a cadere, poichè non può in verun modo <lb/>ſoſtenere, trovandoſi abbandonato, e in aria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3789" xml:space="preserve">Può darſi, che anche in queſto caſo <lb/>alcun bell’ingegno voglia farſi a difendere tale ſtravaganza, con dire, che tali Chie-<lb/>ſe ſono antiche, e tuttavolta non abbiano moſtrato alcuna leſione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3790" xml:space="preserve">A ciò riſpondo <lb/>con tutte le più ſolide ragioni, che l’audacia umana è ſtata, e ſarà perpetuamente <lb/>condannabile, quando ſia fuor di ragione, ſiccome appunto è negli eſpoſti eſempj.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3791" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3792" xml:space="preserve">Per quello poi riſguarda il ſoſtenergli, eſſendo di puro legname, poſſono beniſſi-<lb/>mo eſſer ſoſtentati da fili armati, guerniti d’appiccaglie, e ferramenti, perchè poſ-<lb/>ſano ſuſſiſtere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3793" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſia com’ eſſer voglia, non può mai dirſi, che ſieno buoni, ed <lb/>eſeguiti con retta ragione, mentre tali operazioni ſono mancanti nel loro fine, che <lb/>è aſſegnato a tali archi, cioè, appoggiare per ſoſtenere, e per ſuſſiſtere; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3794" xml:space="preserve">nè nulla di <lb/>ciò compariſce negli archi di ſimil figura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3795" xml:space="preserve">ma anzi tutto il contrario, riempiendo d’ <lb/>un perpetuo timore chiunque gli oſſerva.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3796" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3797" xml:space="preserve">Cotali Architetti ſon perſone, che come è in proverbio, vogliono tirare la camoz-<lb/>za co’denti, per ſecondare il loro capriccio, e malgrado la ſteſſa ragione eſeguire <lb/>qualunque coſa loro ſalti in penſiero; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3798" xml:space="preserve">e poi vantarſi, ſtoltamente dicendo, eſſer loro <lb/>riuſcito ciò che gli altri non ſeppero ordinare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3799" xml:space="preserve">Di tali Artefici ſe ne abbonda. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3800" xml:space="preserve">Non <lb/>dico, che l’ingegnere, il falegname, il muratore, lo ſcarpellino, ed altri tali non <lb/>poſſano eſſere periti Architetti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3801" xml:space="preserve">dico bene, che per lo più pochi ſi affaticano per ben <lb/>conoſcere, e diſtinguere quale ſia la vera perfezione degli Ordini, e delle loro par-<lb/>ti, aſſegnando a ciaſcun d’eſſi le proprie riſpettive proporzioni, ed ufizj, e non o-<lb/>perando così alla cieca farne mal uſo e ſtrapazzo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3802" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="107" file="0215" n="215" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div164" type="section" level="1" n="164"> <head xml:id="echoid-head178" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Capitello pendente a gocciola nel Depoſito di Luca Zeno nella Chieſa dei Frari.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3803" xml:space="preserve">E’ oſſervabile il preſente Depoſito per la ſtravagante novità del penſare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3804" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſer-<lb/>vi la maniera della progettura, che forma la cornice, priva queſta eſſendo dell’ ar-<lb/>chitrave, ed appoggiata ſopra il ſolo fregio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3805" xml:space="preserve">Queſto vien ſoſtentato da modiglione, <lb/>che ſta ſopra menſola fitta nel muro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3806" xml:space="preserve">E’ coſa maraviglioſa, io dico, il vedere eſſa <lb/>cornice con leſinatura non ſolo fuori del modiglione, ma formando il quadrato ap-<lb/>poggiare la ſteſſa ſul capitello Jonico iſolato in figura di menſola, quando ſopr’ eſſa <lb/>cornice ripoſa ſedente un leone, che guarda l’Urna Sepolcrale, come per cuſtodi-<lb/>re, e difendere la medeſima. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3807" xml:space="preserve">Molto non vi vuole in queſto caſo a conoſcere il pa-<lb/>tente errore, quando ſi conſidera eſſer tutto il peſo in aria, e non ſulla forza del <lb/>capitello, che lo ſoſtenti, mentre queſto non può nemmeno eſſere attaccato, ſe non <lb/>ſe per aggravar maggiormente, e per tirar giù il peſo ſteſſo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3808" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div165" type="section" level="1" n="165"> <head xml:id="echoid-head179" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altro Capitello pendente a gocciola nel Depoſito di Marchio Treviſano <lb/>nella Chieſa ſteſſa dei Frari.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3809" xml:space="preserve">Nella Cappella Treviſana in faccia il Depoſito di Luca Zeno vi è queſto Depoſito, <lb/>in cui ſi rileva tal bizzarria, per cui può dirſi, che l’Architetto abbia volutodiſtin-<lb/>guerſi con moſtrare un prodigio d’Architettura, facendo ſtare in aria quello, che <lb/>realmente non può. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3810" xml:space="preserve">Oſſerviſi la ſua figura nel preſente profilo, e ſi conſideri quan-<lb/>to in eſſa contienſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3811" xml:space="preserve">Quivi è la cornice con fregio ed architrave, che gira tutt’ in-<lb/>torno eſſo Depoſito. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3812" xml:space="preserve">Vien eſſa ſoſtentata da modiglione cartellato, e queſto appog-<lb/>gia ſopra pilaſtrino, ſotto cui ſta menſola di capitello Jonico fitto nella muraglia. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3813" xml:space="preserve">Fin quì poſſiamo dire, che è eſeguito con buona maniera, ſtando tutto al ſuo luo-<lb/>go ben adattato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3814" xml:space="preserve">ma ciò, che dee oſſervarſi, ſi è, che continuando la propria cor-<lb/>nice, e progettando fuori con leſinatura dal modiglione in guiſa, che forma il qua-<lb/>drato di colonna, appoggiando ſul capitello quaſi Compoſito, pendente in aria, ed <lb/>iſolato, la faccenda muta faccia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3815" xml:space="preserve">Si rifletta di grazia, come mai poſſa detto capitello <lb/>ſuſſiſtere, e ſoſtenere il peſo, che gli ſta ſopra, cioè, non ſolamente la cornice, ma <lb/>eziandio piediſtallo con figura guerriera, con iſcudo nelle mani, e con altro a’ pie-<lb/>di. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3816" xml:space="preserve">Io non crederò mai, che poſſa trovarſi chi voglia ſoſtentare, che detto capitel-<lb/>lo ſerva di forza per reggere un tal carico; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3817" xml:space="preserve">ma mi ſi dovrà bene concedere, che <lb/>nulla vale, e che non tiene alcuna forza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3818" xml:space="preserve">So bene, che il capitello ſuſſiſte, allora <lb/>quando ſi trova poſto ſulla colonna, e così può portare la cornice, e ciò, che ſe <lb/>le aſpetta, ed anche appoggiandoſi alla muraglia, inſerendoſi in eſſa, e converten-<lb/>doſi in menſola; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3819" xml:space="preserve">ma nel modo, che quì ſi oſſerva, non ſarà mai credibile, che poſ-<lb/>ſa ſtarvi adeguatamente, ma cadere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3820" xml:space="preserve">Direi pure, che ſe vi foſſe ſoſtituito al capi-<lb/>tello un’ Aquila, od altro animale alato, queſto colla forza delle ali potrebbe far fi-<lb/>gura di ſoſtenere, vale a dire, per poco, perchè anche queſte naturalmente ſi ſtan-<lb/>cano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3821" xml:space="preserve">ma il capitello, non potendo aver ale, per conſeguenza non potrà ſtare in <lb/>aria nemmeno un momento un ſolo momento. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3822" xml:space="preserve">Tali operazioni ſi oppongono total-<lb/>mente alla ſana ragione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3823" xml:space="preserve">poichè in aria ſtar non poſſono, che le nuvole, che ven-<lb/>gono ſpinte dall’aria ſteſſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3824" xml:space="preserve">ma nella pietra far coſa di comparſa aerea, non vi è <lb/>coſa, che poſſa aver ſolidità e forza per far l’ ufizio ſuo ſecondo l’ eſſer ſuo natura-<lb/>le: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3825" xml:space="preserve">nè l’Architetto prudente dee far moſtra di prodigj, volendo moſtrare la ſtolta <lb/>ſua vivacità col porre l’Architettura in aria, mentre l’eſſer ſuo conſiſte nella ſtabi-<lb/>lità, e nella forza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3826" xml:space="preserve">Concludiamo adunque con verità, che tali operazioni ſono veri <lb/>e reali caſtelli in aria, cioè dire pazzìe.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3827" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div166" type="section" level="1" n="166"> <head xml:id="echoid-head180" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Capitello Dorico pendente a gocciola poſto nella ſoffitta della Scuola di <lb/>Filoſofia nel Collegio de’Geſuiti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3828" xml:space="preserve">E’ parimente da conſiderarſi ciò, che anche preſentemente ſi vede praticato nella <lb/>Fabbrica nuova del Collegio de’PP.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3829" xml:space="preserve">Geſuiti, che è appunto nella ſoffitta della Scuola <lb/>di Filoſofia, ornata di pilaſtri Dorici tutt’all’intorno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3830" xml:space="preserve">E’queſta nel clauſtro preſſo al-<lb/>la porterìa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3831" xml:space="preserve">Tale ſoffitta eſſendo ſcompartita in tre diviſioni, vien ſoſtentata da due <lb/>fili, il primo de’quali nella mezzerìa tiene una colonna Dorica con piediſtallo otta-<lb/>gono per ſoſtegno: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3832" xml:space="preserve">l’altro poi ritiene il ſolo capitello, il quale termina in gocciola <lb/>attaccato al di ſopra, non ſi ſa come, ma bensì compariſce in aria, coſa che non</s> </p> <pb o="108" file="0216" n="216" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3833" xml:space="preserve">ſolamente diſguſta l’occhio, ma che fa anche naſcer le maraviglie, ſacendo paura <lb/>nel mirarlo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3834" xml:space="preserve">Quì pertanto non vi eſſendo nè naturalezza, nè fondamento veruno, <lb/>vienſi a far ſolo comparſa diſordinata e moſtruoſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3835" xml:space="preserve">Queſti a dir vero ſon ripieghi di <lb/>deboli Architetti, ſcreditano l’Architettura, volendola far comparire quella, che mai <lb/>non fu, ne potrà mai eſſere, poichè il ſuo fondamento naturale e vero ed unico ſi <lb/>è la perfezzione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3836" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3837" xml:space="preserve">Altro capitello Jonico pendente in aria ſi oſſerva nel Depoſito di Gian Pietro Stel-<lb/>la nella Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3838" xml:space="preserve">Giminiano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3839" xml:space="preserve">Queſto parimente, come i due pur ora deſcritti, <lb/>ſta pendente preſſo a un modiglione con cornice leſinata ſopra lo ſteſſo capitello, <lb/>con puttino in piedi, che abbraccia lo Stemma. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3840" xml:space="preserve">Coſe ſon queſte ridicole da abor-<lb/>rirſi, e da sfuggirſi a tutto potere.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3841" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="109" file="0217" n="217" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0217-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0217-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption117" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Frontispitio del Altar di S. Gierolamo, nella Chieſa di <lb/>S. Salvatore con li modiglioni male ordinati.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0217-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0217-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption118" xml:space="preserve">Archi posti in aria nella Chiesa di S. Nicolò.<lb/>Archi pendenti in aria nella Chiesa di S. Basilio.</caption> </figure> <pb o="110" file="0218" n="218" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0218-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0218-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0218-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0218-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption119" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Nel Deposito di <lb/>Luca Leno posto <lb/>nella Chieſa de <lb/>frari, vi ſono il <lb/>presente Capitelo <lb/>pendente à gocciola.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0218-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0218-03"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0218-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0218-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption120" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Archi <lb/>pendenti <lb/>in aria <lb/>nella Chiieſa <lb/>di S.Paolo <lb/>detto S.Polo. <lb/>Parimente <lb/>nel Deposito di <lb/>Marchio Jrevisano, <lb/>pure alli Frari <lb/>si osserva altro <lb/>capitello pendente.<lb/>Capitelo Dorico pendente à gocciola <lb/>posto nel sofitto della scuola di filoso. <lb/>fia à i Gieſuiti.</caption> </figure> <pb o="111" file="0219" n="219" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div167" type="section" level="1" n="167"> <head xml:id="echoid-head181" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco a ſcartoccio nella Chieſa di S. Niccolò.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3842" xml:space="preserve">Di ſimiglianti archi teatrali ſe ne veggiono nella Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3843" xml:space="preserve">Niccolò nelle arca-<lb/>te di fronte al Altar Maggiore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3844" xml:space="preserve">Sono queſti ſoſtentati da colonne, e da cornici Joni-<lb/>che di marmo antico, ma poſti ſconciamente, appoggiando ſul vivo del gocciolato-<lb/>jo, e formando figura aſſai peſante. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3845" xml:space="preserve">Nella parte inferiore ſtringe menſola con ſopra <lb/>figura d’Apoſtolo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3846" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi poi la gran cornice, che porta modiglioni con fregio <lb/>gonfio tutto ornato, e inſieme interrotto dai due modiglioni, e modenatura perpendi-<lb/>colarmente ſopra la colonna di fronte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3847" xml:space="preserve">Queſta cornice ha pure fra i modiglioni den-<lb/>telli, ed ancora nella ſeconda faccia dell’ architrave. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3848" xml:space="preserve">Queſta foggia d’ornare verrà <lb/>peravventura da molti giudicata invenzione bizzarra; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3849" xml:space="preserve">ma dovendoſi darle la denomi-<lb/>nazione, che le conviene, non può chiamarſi ſe non ſe peſante, maſtina, irregolare, <lb/>ed un gruppo di confuſione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3850" xml:space="preserve">E’ poi oſſervabile l’arco di mezzo pel cartoccio, che <lb/>tiene ſotto, e ſopra, non potendo mai così moſtrare veruna forza per ſoſtenere, e <lb/>nemmeno appoggia ſul vivo, come richiede la ſua natura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3851" xml:space="preserve">Sì fatti archi accartoc-<lb/>ciati non ſi danno, nè ſi trovano nella ſoda e genuina Architettura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3852" xml:space="preserve">ma ſono ſtati <lb/>introdotti dai Pittori, dagl’ Intagliatori, dagli Stuccatori, e ſimiglianti, vale a dire, <lb/>dai Pittori nei Teatri, dagl’Intagliatori, e Stuccatori nelle Arcove, e dagli Acconcia-<lb/>tori in ogni luogo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3853" xml:space="preserve">Bizzarrie, che diſtruggono il vero, e ſodo operare, e ſtimate <lb/>ſoltanto dai ciechi imperiti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3854" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div168" type="section" level="1" n="168"> <head xml:id="echoid-head182" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altro arco a ſcartoccio nella Chieſa dei Padri Geſuiti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3855" xml:space="preserve">Dell’Altar Maggiore di queſta Chieſa ſi vede il preſente arco inſuſſiſtente, che <lb/>non può appoggiare ſul vivo a motivo dei cartocci, che gliene tolgono il modo nel <lb/>piede, perdendo la propria forza, ed eſſendo anche moſſo, e gonfiato all infuori del <lb/>piombo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3856" xml:space="preserve">inoltre ha ſopra sè cornice irregolare ſoſtenuta da cartocci, o cartelle ſti-<lb/>racchiate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3857" xml:space="preserve">Il rimanente poi dell’Altare ſuddetto è pieno di ſtorpiature. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3858" xml:space="preserve">Fa certamen-<lb/>te comparſa ſtrepitoſa, ma ſcempiamente penſata, mentre non regge, nè in pianta, <lb/>nè in alzato.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3859" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="112" file="0220" n="220" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0220-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0220-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption121" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Arco a ſcartoccio nella Chieſa di S. Niccolo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0220-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0220-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption122" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altro arco a ſcartoccio nella Chieſa <lb/>dei Padri Geſuiti.</caption> </figure> <pb o="113" file="0221" n="221" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div169" type="section" level="1" n="169"> <head xml:id="echoid-head183" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Ringbiera, o pergolato ſulla facciata del Palazzo Grimani a San Luca <lb/>ſul canal grande.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head184" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra ringbiera ſulla facciata del Palazzo Peſaro ſul Canal grande.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head185" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra ringbiera ſulla facciata del Palazzo Cornaro di calle della Regina <lb/>ſul Canal grande.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3860" xml:space="preserve">Avendo noi condannato le ringhiere da noi rigoroſamente eſaminate nelle fabbriche <lb/>di Roma, convien dire, come anche in Venezia ve ne ſono delle vizioſe al pari <lb/>di quelle. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3861" xml:space="preserve">E’coſa deplorabile, che coſa così ſconcia venga praticata con tanta fre-<lb/>quenza ſenza la minima conſiderazione a ciò, che convienſi non meno alla ragio-<lb/>nevolezza, che alla nobiltà, e al decoro di quella ſoda Architettura, che ſi preten-<lb/>de di conſervare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3862" xml:space="preserve">Così praticando non ſi potrà mai conſervare la perſezione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3863" xml:space="preserve">ma <lb/>dovrà dirſi, che ſi adultera, e ſi ſcompone tutta la nobiliſſima Arte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3864" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi la <lb/>ringhiera poſta ſulla facciata del Palazzo Grimani a S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3865" xml:space="preserve">Luca ſul Canal grande. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3866" xml:space="preserve">Il ſuo <lb/>Architetto era pure riputato, e ſi conſerva pur anche la ſua rinomanza: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3867" xml:space="preserve">ma mal-<lb/>grado ciò, forz’ è dire, che il piantare una ringhiera, o pergolato così diſteſo, che <lb/>arrivi dall’ una eſtremità all’ altra della prima cornice Corintia, è coſa vituperevole. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3868" xml:space="preserve">E di fatto, ſecondo me, non vi era una tale neceſſità, mentre fermandoſi ſopra la <lb/>mezzerìa del primo pilaſtro Corintio, queſta poteva eſſere la giuſta ſua dimenſione, <lb/>e non andare a caricare di peſo fuor di propoſito l’ orlo del gocciolatojo non ſolo, <lb/>ma anche di più quaſi la ſteſſa gola, rendendo in tal guiſa la ſua figura falſa nell’ <lb/>appoggio, e ſconcia per comparire ch’ ella fa fuori del vivo, e del ſuo eſſere na-<lb/>turale.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3869" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3870" xml:space="preserve">Quella poi del Palazzo Peſaro parimente ſul Canal grande è notabile per la ſteſ-<lb/>ſa ragione, col di più, che queſta ſi diſtingue pel lavoro non meno dei pilaſtrini, <lb/>che delle colonnelle piene di bagatelle, e giocolini, come lo è ancora tutto il ru-<lb/>ſtico diamantato, e i miſeri pilaſtrini Jonici alle fineſtre dei mezzadini, dove dai <lb/>capitelli di detti pilaſtrini prolungandoſi la ſoglia di detta fineſtra, compariſce eſſe-<lb/>re in aria, poichè non ha ove appoggiarſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3871" xml:space="preserve">Queſti tali pilaſtrini parimente con bu-<lb/>gne diamantate ſoſtengono la cornice architravata, e leſinata con modiglioni, coſa, <lb/>che riſguardo alla ſua proporzione non corriſponde per verun conto: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3872" xml:space="preserve">e ciò a moti-<lb/>vo della meſchinità degli ſteſſi pilaſtri, che non s’ accordano colla ringhiera di ſo-<lb/>pra, nulla comparendo di maeſtoſo, enobile come converrebbe: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3873" xml:space="preserve">e così tutta l’ intie-<lb/>ra facciata pieniſſima d’ ornamenti, come appunto chi empieſſe talmente un abito <lb/>di tanta guarnizione, che veniſſe a confonder queſta collo ſteſſo drappo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3874" xml:space="preserve">in tal ca-<lb/>ſo può dirſi quello eſſere un ricco veſtito, e niente più: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3875" xml:space="preserve">così appunto nel caſo pre-<lb/>ſente tanti, e sì affollati ſono gli ornamenti di queſta facciata, che confondono la <lb/>verità dell’ Architettura, potendoſi dire, queſta eſſere una ricca facciata, e nulla più. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3876" xml:space="preserve">Diſordini ſono queſti, che tolgono, e non accreſcono la maeſtà dovuta alle fabbri-<lb/>che grandioſe.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3877" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3878" xml:space="preserve">Vedeſi parimente altra ringhiera nella facciata del Palazzo Cornaro in calle della <lb/>Regina ſul Canal grande, che ha pure i pilaſtrini fuori del vivo del gocciolatojo ſen-<lb/>za veruna neceſſità, che vi obbligaſſe l’ Architetto, ma per ſola vaghezza di prolun-<lb/>gar la ringhiera più che ſi poteſſe. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3879" xml:space="preserve">Le tre bugne poi col maſcherone nel mezzo, <lb/>che tagliano la ſoglia piana della fineſtra non fanno, nè poſſon mai fare buona com-<lb/>parſa, per eſſer queſta una licenza fuor di ragione, volendoſi moſtrar tagliato, e di <lb/>più pezzi ciò, che dee eſſer formato tutto d’un pezzo, come ragionai contro il pa-<lb/>rere di quelli, che pretendeſſero, che foſſe più forte diviſo in pezzi, che unito in un <lb/>ſolo, potendoſi, diconeſſi, queſto ſpezzare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3880" xml:space="preserve">A ſiffatta objezione ſi riſponde, che non <lb/>mancano ottimi ripieghi, ed artifizj per aſſicurarlo, erenderlo forte, laſciandolo nel-<lb/>la ſua pura ſemplicità d’ottima e perfetta comparſa, mentre così dà maeſtà e deco-<lb/>ro alla fabbrica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3881" xml:space="preserve">Debbonſi adunque laſciare le maniere ſcompoſte, che non ſono, <lb/>e non ſaranno giammai lodevoli, e che dovrannoſi perpetuamente a tutta poſſa <lb/>ſchivare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3882" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3883" xml:space="preserve">Se gli Architetti non ſi oſtinaſſero nelle loro mal concepite opinioni, ma ſi poneſ-<lb/>ſero ad eſaminarle con ſerietà, oh quanti diſordini ſchiverebbero, che tuttora ſi oſ-<lb/>ſervano! Sarebbe omai tempo di porſi in guardia per non commetterne di vantaggio <lb/>per l’avvenire, e d’operare a norma dell’ Arte, concependo tutto ſecondo l’ eſſer ſuo <pb o="114" file="0222" n="222" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> naturale, e non aereo, e irragionevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3884" xml:space="preserve">Son forzato a dire ciò, ch’io vorrei occulta-<lb/>re; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3885" xml:space="preserve">ma oſſervando il male molto inoltrato, e dubitando, che vada ſempre più au-<lb/>mentandoſi, ho eſpoſto ed eſpongo il male immaginato, affinchè ſi penſi alla per-<lb/>fine ad illuſtrare e a conſervare quel decoro, che è obbligato a ſoſtenere per l’Ar-<lb/>chitettura chiunque ſi vanta profeſſore di quella. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3886" xml:space="preserve">Queſto è ciò, ch’io penſo, che <lb/>poſſa addeſtrare gli ſtudioſi, ed aſſicurare la ben ordinata Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3887" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3888" xml:space="preserve">Lodo certamente, e loderò ſempre quei pergolati, che ſieno piantati con ragio-<lb/>ne di valida ſolidità, e ſuſſiſtenza, cioè, quelli, che ſon poſti ſopra i modiglioni <lb/>compoſti di nobile maeſtà, e corriſpondenti a tutte le altre parti della fabbrica, <lb/>non interrotti da bagattelle, o troppo maſtini, e goffi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3889" xml:space="preserve">ma che in tutto e per tutto <lb/>corriſpondano al ragionevole, non meno pel comodo del poterſi cambiar le perſone, <lb/>che vi s’appoggiano ſopra ſenza alcuno incomodo, che per la maeſtà dovuta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3890" xml:space="preserve">poi-<lb/>chè queſti s’addicono alla ſeria Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3891" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="115" file="0223" n="223" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <figure> <image file="0223-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0223-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption123" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Ringhiera, o pergolato ſulla facciata del Palazzo Grimani <lb/>a S. Luca ſul Canal grande.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0223-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0223-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption124" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra ringhiera <lb/>ſulla facciata del <lb/>Palazzo Peſaro <lb/>ſul Canal grande.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0223-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0223-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption125" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Altra ringhiera ſul-<lb/>la facciata del Palaz-<lb/>zo Cornaro di calle <lb/>della Regina ſul <lb/>Canal grande.</caption> </figure> <pb o="116" file="0224" n="224" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div170" type="section" level="1" n="170"> <head xml:id="echoid-head186" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Bizzarra porta nella facciata della Chieſa de’Padri Geſuiti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3892" xml:space="preserve">E’ ſtravagante e ſcompoſta la maniera del preſente rimenato, tagliato e poſto ſgar-<lb/>batamente, che ſi oſſerva ſulla porta della facciata di queſta Chieſa, mentre trovaſi <lb/>mancante in tutte le ſue parti dei requiſiti neceſſarj, sì perchè la cornice, che lo ſoſtie-<lb/>ne, appoggia ſul falſo della ſoglia, come altresì per non corriſpondere eſſo rimenato <lb/>collo ſporto delle cornici di ſotto, ma ſta ritirato in dentro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3893" xml:space="preserve">l’aletta inoltre, che gli <lb/>è al fianco, è priva dello ſporgimento della propria cornice, la quale reſta perduta ſot-<lb/>to alla guſcia del rimenato medeſimo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3894" xml:space="preserve">Invenzioni ſon queſte di niun valore, e fatte <lb/>a poſta per diſtruggere quel nobile, e poſitivo, che è tanto proprio dell’ Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3895" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3896" xml:space="preserve">Si può anche in queſto luogo aggiungere la ſtravaganza dello ſtrato poſto fuori del-<lb/>la fineſtra di ſopra, che ſcherza ſvolazzando, volendoſi far comparire un drappo po <lb/>ſto per ornamento in occaſione d’alcuna ſolennità. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3897" xml:space="preserve">Ma chi così penſa va errato, <lb/>non eſſendo la pietra materia sì leggiera, che poſſa eſſer moſſa dal vento, come le <lb/>bandiere, ma materia ſoda e peſante, ricercando queſta d’appoggiarſi, di ſtar fer-<lb/>ma, e ſtabile, e non già ſcherzar per l’aria. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3898" xml:space="preserve">Per la qual coſa non potrà mai com-<lb/>mendarſi ſiffatto penſare, ma quel ſolo, che ſeconda la natura e la proprietà, lon-<lb/>taniſſime dal moderno immaginare guaſto e corrotto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3899" xml:space="preserve">Mi duole nel più vivo dell’ <lb/>anima di vedere ſiffatte incoerenze, che in vece di far onore all’ Arte, ed all’ Arte-<lb/>fice, diſonorano entrambi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3900" xml:space="preserve">Gran coſa, che ai dì noſtri ſiaſi avanzato il sì ſconcioe <lb/>diſordinato abuſo, che non ſi rilevi più la ſincera e ſchietta verace Architettura, <lb/>ma che ſi operi tutt’al contrario di quella, riempiendola di ſmorfioſe introduzioni <lb/>da ſcena, come oſſervammo nella Chieſa de’ Padri Scalzi ne’ſuoi ſtravolti ornamen-<lb/>ti e ſcompoſta Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3901" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſteſio dobbiamo dire di queſta Chieſa de’ Padri Ge-<lb/>ſuiti, che è ſimilmente piena di diſordine, e d’incoerenze. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3902" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervino i tanti ſtuc-<lb/>chi dorati, e sì male ideati nella ſoffitta, ricca certamente, ma eſeguita ſcorretta-<lb/>mente: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3903" xml:space="preserve">e poi che mai voglion dire quei quattro gran vaſi poſti ſopra i quattro pi-<lb/>laſtri nella Crociera di forma sì peſante, con altri molti d’intorno, che ſarebbero più <lb/>convenuti ad un portone di villa, che ad una Chieſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3904" xml:space="preserve">e più dicevole ſarebbe ſtato, <lb/>ſe vi foſſero ſtati collocati quattro Angioli in piedi leggermente e con garbo ſcher-<lb/>zanti con geroglifici alludenti alla ſantità, in vece di tante ridicole bagattelle, che <lb/>empiono di confuſione, sì malamente qua e là diſpoſte, e ſopra la cornice grande <lb/>con feſtoni ſcompoſti, che legano, porta, ed Arca di Noè con altre molte irregola-<lb/>rità in ſeguito, iltutto fuor di propoſito, e ſenza grazia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3905" xml:space="preserve">come al@r@sì le altre ſmor-<lb/>fioſità sì mal penſate, come lo ſtravagante pulpito, e i coretti colla giunta di foglia-<lb/>mi riportati di verde antico ſulle quattro colonne della Cappella maggiore, e gl’in-<lb/>tercolunnj, e fregio intorno alla Chieſa, e non poi i pilaſtri, lo che forma paten-<lb/>te diſordine riſpetto all’uguaglianza delle parti@ Dee dirſi c@u verità, che in queſta <lb/>fabbrica non riſalta quella maeſtà, e quella purità, che richiede la ſanta Caſa di <lb/>Dio, che dee eſſer ornata di ſola ſemplicità maeſtoſa e ſchienezza.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3906" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div171" type="section" level="1" n="171"> <head xml:id="echoid-head187" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta del Palazzo Piſani a Sant’ Angelo diſſonante nelle ſue parti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3907" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi la preſente porta, che ſi diſtingue molto, non già per la ſua bellezza, <lb/>ma per la diſſonanza delle ſue parti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3908" xml:space="preserve">Il pilaſtro Dorico, che le è al fianco, non le-<lb/>ga in verun conto colla porta, che per eſſere a volta rompe l’architrave, e non ha <lb/>punto di maeſtà: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3909" xml:space="preserve">i modiglioni del pergolato diſdicono, poichè il primo ſta bene ſul <lb/>pilaſtro, ma torna male il ſecondo, perchè non ha corriſpondenza, nè collo ſtipite, <lb/>nè col vivo della porta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3910" xml:space="preserve">Operazioni ordinate in tal modo non rappreſentano, che <lb/>tacconi, edinvenzioni ſtravolte, allontanandoſi dal naturale eſſer loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3911" xml:space="preserve">Architetti ve-<lb/>ramente grandi ſon queſti, che fanno ſpiccare il raro loro ſapere, pieni di ripieghi <lb/>particolari, e di pellegrine invenzioni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3912" xml:space="preserve">ma reſtano deluſi nel loro fine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3913" xml:space="preserve">Il valentuo-<lb/>mo dee perpetuamente penſare al buono, al decoroſo, ed anche al particolare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3914" xml:space="preserve">ma <lb/>in quella maniera, che ricerca il dovere, e che compete alla ragionevole Architettu-<lb/>ra, non meno pel decoro di quella, che per la magniſicenza delle fabbriche.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3915" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="117" file="0225" n="225" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <figure> <image file="0225-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0225-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0225-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0225-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption126" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Bizara <lb/>facciata <lb/>de P. P. <lb/>Porta nella <lb/>della Chieſa <lb/>Gieſuiti.<lb/>Porta del Palazzo delli <lb/>N. N. H. H. Pisani, a <lb/>S. Angelo, di figura di-<lb/>ſonante nelle sue parti.</caption> </figure> <pb o="118" file="0226" n="226" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div172" type="section" level="1" n="172"> <head xml:id="echoid-head188" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Depoſito del Sereniſſimo Principe Giovanni da Peſaro, in cui ſono oſſervabili i quattro <lb/>Mori con cuſcino ſulla teſta ſoſtenenti il maggior carico di tal Mauſoleo.</head> <head xml:id="echoid-head189" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Pilaſtri della Cappella maggiore di s. Maria dei Miracoli <lb/>ſoſtentati dall’ improprietà d’un cuſcino.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3916" xml:space="preserve">Avendo fatta buona conſiderazione intorno ai peſi poſti ſul falſo, aggravanti le <lb/>ſoglie sì di porte, che di fineſtre, mi par dicevole l’oſſervare altresì un altro incon-<lb/>veniente e ſconſiderato errore patentiſſimo, che naſce dal non riflettere come ſi con-<lb/>viene, e dal non eſaminare, per ben regolarſi nel porre i peſi ſul forte, e ſopra tut-<lb/>to ciò, che rappreſenta forza non ſolo, ma eziandio di ſchivare tutto quello, che <lb/>moſtra poca ſuſſiſtenza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3917" xml:space="preserve">Oſſervo prima di tutto la figura dell’ arco della Cappella <lb/>maggiore della Chieſa dei Miracoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3918" xml:space="preserve">Queſto è ſoſtentato da pilaſtri Corintj con corni-<lb/>ci, piediſtalli, e baſamenti, ornati di nobile lavoro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3919" xml:space="preserve">ma ciò, che ſa ſtupire, ſi è, che <lb/>al di ſotto del piediſtallo nel baſamento vi è ſtato poſto un finto cuſcino coniſuoi <lb/>frocchi ai cantoni, e ſopra queſto ripoſa tutto il peſo del grande arco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3920" xml:space="preserve">Ma ciò che <lb/>accreſce la maraviglia ſi è il vedere, come eſſo cuſcino nulla ſi riſenta del grave pe-<lb/>ſo, che l’opprime, ma ſtarſene in guiſa, che moſtra di non ſoſtenere coſa alcuna. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3921" xml:space="preserve">In altra maniera poi vi è l’uſo di queſto ſcempiatiſſimo errore, ove ſono quei quat-<lb/>tro Mori, che ſoſtengono il gran cornicione Dorico con tutto l’ Ordine Jonico ſo-<lb/>prappoſto, ed il Trono nel ſoprannominato Depoſito, e ſi trova poſto nella Chieſa <lb/>dei Frari. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3922" xml:space="preserve">Portano queſti Mori ſulla teſta un gran cuſcino, eſoſtenendolo colle brac-<lb/>cia, ſembra, che il medeſimo nulla regga, mentre eſſo cuſcino nulla ſi ſcompone, <lb/>nè moſtra d’acciaccarſi ſotto sì grave peſo, che gli è ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3923" xml:space="preserve">Altre tre ſtatue ſi oſſer-<lb/>vano nella ſteſſa Chieſa poſte a ſoſtenere colle ſpalle tutto il Depoſito d’Aiviſe Mar-<lb/>cello preſſo alla Sagreſtia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3924" xml:space="preserve">Siſſate impropriſſime maniere vengono praticate ſoltanto <lb/>da coloro, che credono lecito in qualunque luogo l’uſo delle Cariate, come vedeſi <lb/>ancora nella facciata della Chieſa dello Spedaletto, ove ſono due pellegrini in com <lb/>pagnia di due altri facchini, che ſoſtentano colle ſpalle, e colle braccia l’ orribil pe-<lb/>ſo del cornicione, e dell’ Attico, che ſopra gli carica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3925" xml:space="preserve">Sconcia figura ſi è queſta, <lb/>che non potrà convenire alla ſoda Architettura giammai; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3926" xml:space="preserve">poichè gli uomini non ſo-<lb/>no pietre inſtancabili, ma deboli sì, che a lungo andare non poſſon reggere ſotto <lb/>un enorme peſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3927" xml:space="preserve">e la ſteſſa ragione corre pure per i Termini, o Tritoni, i quali ſo-<lb/>no aggiunte poſticce, ſiccome nota il Galaccini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3928" xml:space="preserve">Vero ſi è, che le Cariate preſſo gli <lb/>Antichi furon poſte in figura di ſchiavi condannati alla fatica, ma ſoltanto in quei <lb/>luoghi, ne’quali poteſſero far figura da ſuſſiſtere, e niente più; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3929" xml:space="preserve">come ſarebbe, a ca-<lb/>gion d’ eſempio, per ornare una porta, o un cammino, od alcun’altra coſa indiffe-<lb/>rente, che non ſia di grave peſo, e che non teneſſero impegno d’alcuna legatura <lb/>di fabbrica formale, poichè per poca poſſono naturalmente reggere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3930" xml:space="preserve">Di queſte ſe ne <lb/>veggiono alla porta d’ingreſſo alla Libreria pubblica; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3931" xml:space="preserve">come anche nel cammino del <lb/>Collegio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3932" xml:space="preserve">ed i Termini poſti all’ingreſſo della Zecca, poſtivi ſolo per ornamento, <lb/>benchè ſoſtengano cornice; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3933" xml:space="preserve">e parimente quei quattro, che ſoſtengono la Cantoria <lb/>dell’Organo in San Stefano, non già per forza di ſuſſiſtenza, poichè non vi è alcu-<lb/>na ragione naturale. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3934" xml:space="preserve">Laonde ſarà indubitato, che il prudente Architetto, benchè <lb/>ſappiaſi, che in alcun tempo ſiano ſtate praticate tali coſe, dee tuttavolta laſciarle <lb/>da parte, e valerſi ſoltanto di quello, che detta la ragione, e le leggi dell’ ottima <lb/>perfezione dell’ Arte.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3935" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3936" xml:space="preserve">Per dare un’adeguata contezza di queſte Cariate, non ſarà male il ſaperne l’ori-<lb/>gine. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3937" xml:space="preserve">Vengono queſte dalla Città di Caria nella Morea, che ſi unì con i Perſiani <lb/>contro la Grecia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3938" xml:space="preserve">Reſtati i Greci vittorioſi diſtruſſero queſta Città, e portarono in <lb/>trionfo le ſole Matrone, trucidando tutti gli uomini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3939" xml:space="preserve">Gli Architetti di quel tempo <lb/>poſero le immagini loro in diſprezzo a ſoſtenere i peſi in vece di colonne.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3940" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3941" xml:space="preserve">In ſimil guiſa i Lacedemoni avendo vinti i Perſiani, col danaro ritratto dalla pre-<lb/>da fabbricarono per trofeo della vittoria il Portico Perſiano, e vi poſero i ſimolacri <lb/>dei Perſiani coll’abito loro per ſoſtentarne il tetto, gaſtigato avendo con tal diſpre-<lb/>gio la loro ſuperbia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3942" xml:space="preserve">Quindi cominciarono introdurſi le ſtatue Perſiane in vece di <lb/>colonne per ſoſtenere le cornici, ed altri ornamenti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3943" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="119" file="0227" n="227" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <figure> <image file="0227-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0227-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption127" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Depoſito del Sereniſſuno Principe Giovanni da Peſaro, in cui ſono oſſerva-<lb/>bili i quattro Mori con cuſcino ſulla teſta ſoſtentati il <lb/>maggior carico di tal Mauſoleo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0227-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0227-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption128" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Pilaſtri della Cappella maggiore <lb/>di S<emph style="sub">a</emph> Maria dei Miracoliſoſ-<lb/>tentati dall’ improprietà d’un <lb/>cuſcino.</caption> </figure> <pb o="120" file="0228" n="228" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div173" type="section" level="1" n="173"> <head xml:id="echoid-head190" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fronteſpizio, o Rimenato dell’ Altare del Criſto nella Nuova Chieſa <lb/>di San Geremia.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3944" xml:space="preserve">E’oſſervabile in queſto altare il rimenato ultimo per la ſua maniera bizzarra, e <lb/>poſitura ſtravagante, così aperto per mezzo nella parte inferiore, formando col goc-<lb/>ciolatojo un bovolo, che gira verſo il timpano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3945" xml:space="preserve">La guſcia poi, o ſia gola ne forma <lb/>un altro, che gira al di fuori, tenendo nella mezzerìa una cinta, con ſopra una cre-<lb/>ſta diviſa in cinque rami, che a guiſa di cimiero moſtra d’ornare lo ſteſſo con fio-<lb/>ri, che dal medeſimo ſtendonſi ſopra lo ſteſſo rimenato, e ſteſſamente la cartella nel <lb/>timpano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3946" xml:space="preserve">So bene, che una volta fu propoſta un’idea per formare una porta d’Or-<lb/>dine Dorico nella fabbrica della Sapienza in Roma, e queſta teneva il fronteſpizio <lb/>diviſo nel gocciolatojo, venendo cosìa formare due timpani, cioè, uno a rimenato, <lb/>e quel di ſopra a fronteſpizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3947" xml:space="preserve">Queſta però ſarebbe ſtata una ſingolare moſtruoſità: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3948" xml:space="preserve">eppure tal penſiero era del celebre Michel Angelo, ed io ne ho veduto la ſtampa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3949" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Così parimente mi ſembra una ſtravaganza vizioſa il vedere ſpaccato queſto fronte-<lb/>ſpizio nel fuo appoggio, che aprendoſi non può più reggere ſe ſteſſo, ma a ſomi-<lb/>glianza delle foglie del ſedano, quando s’aprono nel fondo, s’accartocciano uua in <lb/>qua, l’altra in là. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3950" xml:space="preserve">Bizzarria è queſta ſmorfioſa priva di qualunque grazia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3951" xml:space="preserve">Riſpetto <lb/>poi a tutto il rimanente dell’ ornamento, è tutto peſante, e nudo delia gentilezza, <lb/>che gli è naturale.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3952" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div174" type="section" level="1" n="174"> <head xml:id="echoid-head191" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porte nel ſecondo Clauſtro del Convento dei Frari, una del Refettorio, l’altra <lb/>della Foreſteria ſomiglianti.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3953" xml:space="preserve">Queſta è una delle due ſomiglianti porte. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3954" xml:space="preserve">Sono queſte, come appariſce, d’una <lb/>maniera molto particolare, nulla contenendo di buono, ma tutto vi è ſgarbato, e <lb/>vizioſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3955" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi la Zanca, che ripoſa ſul pilaſtro, modenata poi al di ſotto a mo-<lb/>do di guacerone, e che gira all’insù per ſoſtener la cornice, che è leſinata, eripo-<lb/>ſa ſopr’ eſſa il ben ſucchiato fronteſpizio con menſola nel mezzo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3956" xml:space="preserve">Figura ſconciſſima, <lb/>e diſguſtante; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3957" xml:space="preserve">e quel che è peggio, la ſteſſa porta è priva della ſua ſoglia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3958" xml:space="preserve">poichè <lb/>ciò, che preſenta, non figura ſe non che una peſante macchina, che ſtia in aria. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3959" xml:space="preserve">Manco male, che reſta interrotto lo ſpazio dallo ſcudo dell’arma Franceſcana, che <lb/>mitiga alcun poco la ſua goſſezza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3960" xml:space="preserve">Da penſieri sì ſtravaganti e che può mai rica. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3961" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>vare un povero ſtudente, il quale ſi crede pregevole una tal figura? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3962" xml:space="preserve">Miſero lui, ſe <lb/>ſi fida a fiſſatti eſemplari, enon gli sfugge, ſeguendo la vera ſtrada battuta dai buo-<lb/>ni antichi Architetti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3963" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div175" type="section" level="1" n="175"> <head xml:id="echoid-head192" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Cima dell’ Altare di S. Franceſco nella Chieſa di S. Pantaleone.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3964" xml:space="preserve">Ho ſtimato bene di far rilevar l’errore anche di queſta Cima, per eſter veramen-<lb/>te curioſo, e ſingolare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3965" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Altare è d’Ordine Corintio, e così ſono le ſue pila-<lb/>ſtrate; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3966" xml:space="preserve">ma ove dovrebb’ eſſere la ſua colonna principale, vi è una menſola, e que-<lb/>ſta porta il capitello Jonico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3967" xml:space="preserve">Bizzarria ſconvenientiſſima, che non produce ſe non <lb/>confuſione, con queſto di più, che per accompagnare l’impoſta dell’arco, taglia il <lb/>pilaſtro di fuori colla ſua cornice. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3968" xml:space="preserve">Tutte ſmorſioſe irregolarità, e mal ideati orna-<lb/>menti, che ſovvertono il buon ordine della ſana Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3969" xml:space="preserve">Ove mai ſtudiarono <lb/>tali coſe queſti ſtolti Architetti? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3970" xml:space="preserve">Non mai certamente ſul buono, ma ſul corrotto, <lb/>e cattivo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3971" xml:space="preserve">e ſtimando di far coſe pellegrine, e nuove, altro a dir vero non ſanno, <lb/>che paſticci, e moſtruoſità.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3972" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="121" file="0229" n="229" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI"/> <figure> <image file="0229-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0229-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption129" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fronteſpizio, o Rimenato dell’ Altare <lb/>del Criſto nella Nuova Chieſa <lb/>di San Geremia.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0229-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0229-02"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0229-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0229-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption130" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porte nel ſecondo Clauſtro <lb/>del Convento dei Frari, una <lb/>del Refettorio, l’altra della <lb/>Foreſteria ſomiglianti.<lb/>Cima dell’ Altare di <lb/>S. Franceſco nella Chieſa <lb/>di S. Pantalcone.</caption> </figure> <pb o="122" file="0230" n="230" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div176" type="section" level="1" n="176"> <head xml:id="echoid-head193" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Fronteſpizio dei quattro Altari, che ſono nella Chieſa di Santa Margberita.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3973" xml:space="preserve">Queſta maniera di fronteſpizj è certamente lontana dalle buone regole dell’Archi-<lb/>tettura, ſendo ſtato ſempre il ſuo uſo, o a fronteſpizio, o a rimenato: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3974" xml:space="preserve">ma queſti <lb/>coll’idea di diſtinguergli da tutti gli altri, venne penſato dall’ Architetto, che gl’in-<lb/>ventò, di formargli cuſpidi nelle due mezzerìe, cioè, dopo il modiglione, o ſia ſer-<lb/>raglia, che ſerve per ſtringer l’arco della palla. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3975" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi, come girino, erigirino, <lb/>terminando in rimenato, attaccandoſi alla cornice dritta ſopra la ſerraglia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3976" xml:space="preserve">Girano <lb/>parimente i ſuoi modiglioni ſecondo il ſenſo del loro ſcherzo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3977" xml:space="preserve">e veramente le pun-<lb/>te, che moſtrano eſſi fronteſpizj, non ſolo alzandoſi, ma anche ſporgendo in fuo-<lb/>ri, formano ſgarbatiſſima figura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3978" xml:space="preserve">e più ancora riſalta l’irregolarità loro moſtruoſa, <lb/>e fuori d’ogni ragione, a motivo della voluta dell’aletta, che ſta al diſotto, gonfia-<lb/>ta per ſtracantone.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3979" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div177" type="section" level="1" n="177"> <head xml:id="echoid-head194" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Porta della sagreſtia nella Chieſa di S. Lcone, detto San Lio.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3980" xml:space="preserve">Anche queſta porta è particolare e ſtravagante. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3981" xml:space="preserve">Si oſſervi, non mai per impara-<lb/>re, ma per condannare, e sfuggire tal modo bizzarro di penſare ſtravolto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3982" xml:space="preserve">Si vede <lb/>la ſua ſoglia in una parte dritta, e nell’ altra girare all’ingiù per ſoſtenere e ſtrin-<lb/>gere la medaglia d’ Andrea Piſani, che è pure appoggiata a ridoſſo della cornice con <lb/>allori, che la circondano per ornamento: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3983" xml:space="preserve">e poi ſi conſiderino negli angoli della det-<lb/>ta porta le due cartelle ad uſo di modiglioni, che moſtrano di ſoſtenere la ſteſſa <lb/>ſoglia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3984" xml:space="preserve">e così le altre due nelle teſte piene ſimilmente di bagattelle, che non han-<lb/>no veruna dicevole convenienza, e ſolo moſtrano di ſoſtenere col loro maggior roc-<lb/>chello la cornice, e il fronteſpizio leſinato, ſul quale ſtanno due bambini in atto di <lb/>ſoſtentare una cartella coll’iſcrizione del mentovato Piſani. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3985" xml:space="preserve">Con tutta ragione ſi con-<lb/>dannano ſiſſatti penſamenti, che vogliono far curvare la ſoglia all’ingiù, ovvero all’ <lb/>insù, come quello, che ci preſenta il Pozzi al foglio 62. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3986" xml:space="preserve">N. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3987" xml:space="preserve">1. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3988" xml:space="preserve">Queſto è mal ſom-<lb/>mo, poichè ſi priva la ſoglia della ſua forza naturale, che conſiſte nella ſua dirit-<lb/>tura, ſervendo in tal modo d’arpice all’ erte, o ſieno ſtanti della porta.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3989" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div178" type="section" level="1" n="178"> <head xml:id="echoid-head195" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Pozzo ornato, d’ Ordine Dorico nel ſecondo Clauſtro del Convento dei Frari.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s3990" xml:space="preserve">Veramente da tal maniera d’ Architettura, e in queſt’ Ordine, non ſi è veduto pen-<lb/>ſiero più diſordinato di queſto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3991" xml:space="preserve">Chi ha cognizione d’ Architettura, e bene l’ oſſerva, <lb/>non applaudirà giammai ſimile compoſizione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3992" xml:space="preserve">Una colonna grande con una appreſ-<lb/>ſo dello ſteſſo Ordine più picciola della metà, per ſoſtenere la ſteſſa cornice, e por-<lb/>tare il rimenato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3993" xml:space="preserve">E’ coſa curioſa, e quaſi diſſi, ridicola, l’ oſſervare il triglifo ſopra <lb/>la colonna maggiore ſtarſi nella ſua proporzione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3994" xml:space="preserve">e quello ſopra la piccola quaſi per <lb/>metà, ſtarſene della ſteſſa altezza, e di più leſenando la medeſima cornice; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3995" xml:space="preserve">come ſi <lb/>oſſerva ſoſtenere le picciole colonne tutto il rimenato, e l’ ornato, che vi è ſopra: <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3996" xml:space="preserve">e queſte ſono appoggiate ſulla vera del pozzo medeſimo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3997" xml:space="preserve">la ſua cornice è replicata <lb/>da due ſporti, che coll’ architrave ſono tre. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3998" xml:space="preserve">Non credo, che sì enor me ſcorrezione <lb/>ſiaſi giammai, fuori che in queſto caſo, praticata.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s3999" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="123" file="0231" n="231" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0231-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0231-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption131" xml:space="preserve">Fronteſpizio dei quattro Altari, che ſono nella Chieſa di Santa Margherita</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0231-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0231-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption132" xml:space="preserve">Porta della Sagreſtia nella Chieſa <lb/>di S. Leone, detto S. Lio.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0231-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0231-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption133" xml:space="preserve">Pozzo ornato d’Or-<lb/>dine Dorico nel ſecon-<lb/>do Clauſtro del con-<lb/>vento dei Frari.</caption> </figure> <pb o="124" file="0232" n="232" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div179" type="section" level="1" n="179"> <head xml:id="echoid-head196" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Del ſuperfluo uſo dei piediſtalli replicati, come ſono i preſenti, e molti altri <lb/>praticati parimente negli Altari.</head> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4000" xml:space="preserve">1. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4001" xml:space="preserve">Quello dell’ Altare di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4002" xml:space="preserve">Girolamo in S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4003" xml:space="preserve">Salvatore.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4004" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4005" xml:space="preserve">2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4006" xml:space="preserve">Nell’ Altar maggiore dellaChieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4007" xml:space="preserve">Lorenzo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4008" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4009" xml:space="preserve">3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4010" xml:space="preserve">Nell’ Altar maggiore dellaChieſa de’Geſuiti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4011" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4012" xml:space="preserve">4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4013" xml:space="preserve">Nell’ Altar del Criſto nella Chieſa dei Frari.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4014" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4015" xml:space="preserve">Gioverà l’avvertire l’abuſo introdotto del porre i piediſtalli replicati negli Altari, <lb/>e queſti col fine di ſollevare con maeſtà le colonne, perchè facciano maggior com-<lb/>parſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4016" xml:space="preserve">Veramente il vederſi praticare nell’ Architettura sì fatti diſordini fa toccar con <lb/>mano la ſcarſa cognizione di certi Architetti, che forzano, per così eſprimermi, il <lb/>ragionevole dell’ Architettura, la quale ha aſſegnato ad ogni Ordine i ſuoi piediſtal-<lb/>li con proprietà, e miſura, affinchè ſi uſino ſecondo il dover loro: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4017" xml:space="preserve">ma, come ſi ve-<lb/>de, i preſenti così replicati l’uno ſopra l’ altro certamente non fanno perfetta com-<lb/>parſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4018" xml:space="preserve">Da quando in qua gli uomini portano più d’ una ſcarpa nel medeſimo pie-<lb/>de, baſtando pel comodo, e per la dicevolezza una ſola? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4019" xml:space="preserve">Se alcuno ne portaſſe due, <lb/>ridicolo, e fuor di ſenno verrebbe ſenza dubbio giudicato da tutti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4020" xml:space="preserve">Se dunque è ve-<lb/>ro, che il piediſtallo ſia la ſcarpa della colonna, e la baſe il piede, ſarà coſa ridi-<lb/>cola il replicarlo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4021" xml:space="preserve">Se poi per dar più riſalto vi biſognaſſe altezza maggiore, ſi val-<lb/>ga l’ Arteſice di ciò, che permette l’ Architettura, ed è appunto l’ ottimo ripiego d’ <lb/>un oneſto baſamento ornato con riquadrature, e con altro; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4022" xml:space="preserve">come altresì d’un rego-<lb/>lone, o Zoccolo nel baſſo, ma ſenza veruna cornice di cimacia, o baſe; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4023" xml:space="preserve">e in tal <lb/>caſo queſto adornerà con grazia, nè ſarà mai piediſtallo replicato, ma grazioſo alza-<lb/>mento per giungere alla ſtabilita altezza, laſciando così da parte il diſordine dei <lb/>replicati piediſtalli, due, o tre col zoccolo, formando ſolaretti, e giocolini, che nul-<lb/>la hanno di nobile, e di grandioſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4024" xml:space="preserve">In oltre ſi può ancora dire, che ſe lecito foſſe <lb/>un tale abuſo, ſi potrebbe anche introdurre l’ altro, replicando le cornici una ſopra <lb/>l’ altra per alzarſi di più ſopra la ſteſſa colonna: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4025" xml:space="preserve">ma ognuno a ciò potrebbe riſpon-<lb/>der ſubito, che ciò non va bene, mentre ſarebbe lo ſteſſo, che porre due cappelli <lb/>ſopra la teſta d’ una ſola perſona. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4026" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſteſſo per appunto dee dirſi dei piediſtalli, <lb/>cioè, convenirſi un ſolo, ed il ſuo proprio, ad ogni colonna, e non più. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4027" xml:space="preserve">Così dee <lb/>farſi, per conſervare il bello, e proporzionato modo d’ uſar le parti della ſoda e ge-<lb/>nuina Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4028" xml:space="preserve">Conferma quanto io eſpongo Bernardo Antonio Vittone nel ſuo <lb/>Libro d’Architettura Civile alla pagina 274.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4029" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4030" xml:space="preserve">E’ altresì da avvertire di non incorrere in certo abuſo introdotto da alcuni d’ im-<lb/>piegare più d’ un piediſtallo ſotto una ſteſſa colonna; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4031" xml:space="preserve">come ſi vede in molti luoghi, <lb/>e ſingolarmente negli Altari; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4032" xml:space="preserve">avvegnachè ad un Ordine non poſſa convenire più d’ <lb/>un piediſtallo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4033" xml:space="preserve">e tanto perde queſto della ſoda, e nobile ſua apparenza, quanto per <lb/>dar luogo a tale ecceſſo ſi toglie del ſuo alla colonna, che perciò forz’ è, che di-<lb/>venga debole d’ aſpetto, e compariſca meſchina. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4034" xml:space="preserve">Converrà adunque, qualora il caſo <lb/>richieda una tale duplicazione, diſporre l’ inferiore in forma di ſterobate, o ſottoba-<lb/>ſamento, rappreſentante col ſuo non interrotto ricorſo un piano ſodo, ed unito, ſu <lb/>cui compariſca d’ appoggiare, come ſopra un piano naturale, quell’Ordine, che vi <lb/>verrà innalzato ſopra.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4035" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="125" file="0233" n="233" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0233-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0233-01"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption134" xml:space="preserve">Dell’ Altar di S. Gerolamo, in S. Salvator.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0233-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0233-02"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0233-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0233-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption135" xml:space="preserve">Dell’ Altar Maggior nella Chieſa <lb/>di S. Lorenzo</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0233-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0233-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption136" xml:space="preserve">Dell’ Altar Maggior nella Chieſa <lb/>de P. P. Geſuiti.<lb/>Dell’ Altar del Chriſto nella Chieſa <lb/>de P. P. de Frari.</caption> </figure> <pb o="126" file="0234" n="234" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div180" type="section" level="1" n="180"> <head xml:id="echoid-head197" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Del primo piano della Scala, e ſua arcata nel Palazzo di S. E. <lb/>l’ Ambaſciator di Spagna.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4036" xml:space="preserve">Queſta foggia d’ arcata, che oſſervaſi ſu queſta ſcala, è aſſolutamente fuor di re-<lb/>gola, e ſtravagante, per riſpetto alla ſua figura, che anzichè comparire vera arca-<lb/>ta, ſembra un mezz’arco a cartelle, ed è più appropriata ad un’ arcova da letto, <lb/>che d’ ordinario ſi forma di legname, e ſi aſſicura con chiodi, lo che non può eſe-<lb/>guirſi mai ſulla pietra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4037" xml:space="preserve">L’Architetto, che così pensò, avrà forſe avuto le ſue ragio-<lb/>ni, da eſſo riputate buone; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4038" xml:space="preserve">ed avrà procurato, o con fili coperti togliere lo sforzo <lb/>a tal arco, che ſpinge nelle cartelle, od avrà prolungato l’ arcata fino al vivo della <lb/>colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4039" xml:space="preserve">Con tutto queſto non oſtante la ſua figura è falſa e inſuſſiſtente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4040" xml:space="preserve">nè ſiffatte <lb/>arcate ſonoſi vedute giammai nella ſoda e verace Antichità, ma bensì nella Gotica, e <lb/>barbara, che non aveva nè miſure, nè diſpoſizione ragionevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4041" xml:space="preserve">Ma il noſtro Architet-<lb/>to più degli altri ſpiritoſo volle imitare il Cavalier Borromini, che eſeguì tutto quel-<lb/>lo, che gli altri aſſerivano, che far non ſi poteva, foſſe bene, foſſe mal eſeguito; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4042" xml:space="preserve">e che volle mai ſempre sfogare il ſuo capriccio, qualunque ſi foſſe l’ incoerenza, che <lb/>gli ſuggeriva il ſuo falſo immaginare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4043" xml:space="preserve">Nel modo ſteſſo coſtui credendo tali arcate <lb/>bizzarre, e foreſtiere, altre quattro pur ne piantò nel Cortile della Caſa del Piova-<lb/>no di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4044" xml:space="preserve">Geremia di queſta Città, ove dalla riva s’ aſcende alla Chieſa, nella quale <lb/>pare continuò a porre in pratica il ſuo ſtrano penſare; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4045" xml:space="preserve">avendo piantato due ſimi-<lb/>glianti arcate di pari nella Cappella del Sagramento della Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4046" xml:space="preserve">Niccolò nei <lb/>laterali d’ eſſa Cappella, che ſervono per aperture alla S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4047" xml:space="preserve">Comunione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4048" xml:space="preserve">Ma tornando <lb/>alla ſopradditata ſcala, dobbiamo pur riſlettere alle colonnelle degli appoggi, che l’ <lb/>adornano, poſte in fuga dietro alle proprie cornici, sì dell’ appoggio, che del pia-<lb/>no. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4049" xml:space="preserve">Lo ſcarmare ciò, che dee moſtrar ſolidità per ſoſtenere, e che nemmeno poi <lb/>abbia grazia e ſveltezza, che adorni, è un abuſo praticato comunemente dai fale-<lb/>gnami, che facendo i colonnini di tavola alle ſcale, gl’ immiſeriſcono in guiſa, che <lb/>non può ſoffrirſi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4050" xml:space="preserve">Eppure tale incoerenza trova chi la imita, e che vuol far male <lb/>appunto, perchè altri hanno fatto male. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4051" xml:space="preserve">Se queſta ſia ſcuſa da ammetterſi, lo laſcio <lb/>conſiderare agl’intendenti della vera Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4052" xml:space="preserve">Per me dico coll’ autorità vera e <lb/>naturale, che le irregolarità non s’ uniſcono, nè s’ uniranno mai bene colla perfetta <lb/>Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4053" xml:space="preserve">Per me dico coll’ autorità vera e naturale, che le irregolarità non s’ <lb/>uniſcono, nè s’uniranno mai bene colla perfetta Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4054" xml:space="preserve">Laonde concludo, che <lb/>per porſi queſti colonnini al naturale, convien piantargli diritti, come ſi oſſervano <lb/>quelli piantati dal Palladio ſulla ſcala del Refettorio di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4055" xml:space="preserve">Giorgio Maggiore, e come <lb/>gli altri poſti dal Sanſovino ſulla ſcala, che conduce al Collegio del Palazzo Duca-<lb/>le; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4056" xml:space="preserve">come altresì gli altri poſti dal Longena ſulla ſcala grande del Monaſtero di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4057" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Giorgio Maggiore: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4058" xml:space="preserve">i quali colonnini tutti fanno degna e nobil comparſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4059" xml:space="preserve">Ad onta <lb/>però di sì perfetti eſemplari, s’imita più il far vizioſo, che il perfetto. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4060" xml:space="preserve">Ce ne ſia <lb/>di ciò eſempio la Scala della Scuola grande della Carità, che fu fatta di nuovo, <lb/>ed i colonnini degli appoggi furono poſti in fuga, appunto come i poc’ anzi critica-<lb/>ti. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4061" xml:space="preserve">Eppure ella è così, il vizio trova ſempre più ſeguaci, che la Virtù; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4062" xml:space="preserve">e ciò na-<lb/>ſce perchè eſſa virtù nel ſuo perfetto non è gran fatto conoſciuta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4063" xml:space="preserve">Manca il vero <lb/>ſtudio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4064" xml:space="preserve">e perciò naſcono tali ſcorrezioni, e diſordini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4065" xml:space="preserve">Quanto al nicchio, ed alla <lb/>ſtatua d’Ercole col rimanente, è eſeguito in ſola pittura aſſai cruda.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4066" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div181" type="section" level="1" n="181"> <head xml:id="echoid-head198" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Della Chieſa del Santo Sepolcro.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4067" xml:space="preserve">E’oſſervabile la ſproporzione delle porte di queſta Chieſa, sì riſpetto alla ſoglia, che <lb/>le cuopre, grave e peſante con erte zancate, e col rimenato non ſolo zancato, ma <lb/>che per eſſer piantato quaſi in piedi forma figura irregolare. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4068" xml:space="preserve">Quanti Architetti, che <lb/>ſi fanno a credere di preſentar vaghezza coi loro penſieri, enon eſibiſcono, che fa-<lb/>tiche e ſtenti inutili, condannati e vituperati da chiunque intende pel dritto l’ Ar-<lb/>chitettura!</s> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div182" type="section" level="1" n="182"> <head xml:id="echoid-head199" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Della Porta nuova della Chieſa di S. Niccolò.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4069" xml:space="preserve">Queſta veramente può eſſere un ſaggio della virtù dell’intendente Architetto, che <lb/>la compoſe! Si poteva mai penſar coſa più tozza e peſante? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4070" xml:space="preserve">Veramente la novità <lb/>ha ſempre non ſo che di ſuo, che ſembra a prima viſta che appaghi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4071" xml:space="preserve">Nell’ Archi- <pb o="127" file="0235" n="235" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> tettura però la coſa paſſa affatto diverſamente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4072" xml:space="preserve">Credetemelo pure, o Architetti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4073" xml:space="preserve">la <lb/>buona Architettura ugualmente, e in tutti gli Ordini non ſolo, ricerca perfezione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4074" xml:space="preserve">ma <lb/>la vuole anche in tutte le parti d’ognuno d’eſſi Ordini. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4075" xml:space="preserve">Quei, che così fecero, onora-<lb/>rono l’Architettura e ſe ſteſſi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4076" xml:space="preserve">ma chi ſegue la ſcompoſta e moſtruoſa, vilipende l’ <lb/>Arte e ſe medeſimo, moſtrando d’ignorare il buono, e tener dietro al cattivo penſa-<lb/>re di chi non conobbe di vantaggio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4077" xml:space="preserve">Oſſerviſi la volta di queſta porta, che non è nè <lb/>fiancata, nè a mezz’arco: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4078" xml:space="preserve">batte nel dado dell’aletta, e termina addirittura nel quar-<lb/>to d’ eſſo dado. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4079" xml:space="preserve">La ſua cornice ſuperiore è peſante; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4080" xml:space="preserve">e più ancora, per la gola aggiun-<lb/>ta al rimenato, compariſce goffiſſima: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4081" xml:space="preserve">la cartella nel timpano è meſchina, a propor-<lb/>zione della peſante ſerraglia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4082" xml:space="preserve">ſicchè in ſe ſteſſa altro non pare, che una porta privata, <lb/>non mai d’ un Tempio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4083" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe per iſcuſarne l’Autore mi ſi diceſſe, che la neceſſità <lb/>l’ ha obbligato a non alzar di più l’ arco a motivo della baſſezza del ſoffitto inter-<lb/>no, riſponderei, che quando il ſito interno non permette l’ arco, la porta ſi deve far <lb/>dritta, e non mai sì ſcompoſta; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4084" xml:space="preserve">perchè ſiccome un uomo non proporzionato nella per-<lb/>ſona, come aver le braccia corte, e la teſta grande e sfiancata, chiamaſi figura defor-<lb/>me, e moſtruoſa, così dir dobbiamo di tutto ciò, che non corriſponde al perſetto, e <lb/>all’adeguata proporzione.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4085" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div183" type="section" level="1" n="183"> <head xml:id="echoid-head200" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Pulpiti ſulle due porte laterali all’ Altar Maggiore nella Chieſa di S. Baſilio.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4086" xml:space="preserve">Chiccheſſia può rilevare dal diſegno di tal pulpito, e giudicare, ſe ſi trovi pian-<lb/>tato in luogo adeguato, con buona ſimmetria, ſecondo l’ordine di poſitiva Architettu-<lb/>ra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4087" xml:space="preserve">Per me dico, che obbligo aſſai preciſo dell’ Architetto ſi è il diſporre le parti tutte <lb/>d’eſſa Architettura in sì fatto modo, che rieſcano uniformi agli Ordini d’eſſa, ſenza <lb/>irregolarità, come è queſta. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4088" xml:space="preserve">Oltre l’ impropria ſituazione d’eſſi pulpiti, ſon eſſi ſoſſo-<lb/>gati e ſtorpiati, forzati a ſtarſene così obbligati dalla ſteſſa cornice, che gli compri-<lb/>me, non potendo di più alzarſi per comparir leggieri e ſvelti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4089" xml:space="preserve">ſicchè facciano anzi fi-<lb/>gura di bocche di forni, che gentili aperture di pulpiti: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4090" xml:space="preserve">oltredichè per andarvi a can-<lb/>tar l’Epiſtola, o il Vangelo forz’è appoggiarvi una poſticcia ſcala di legno in mez-<lb/>zo alla porta ſteſſa con iſconcezza, e diſordine, che fa mal vedere. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4091" xml:space="preserve">Che bella porta <lb/>veramente di Jonica Architettura così mal meſſa, e tronca nel fronteſpizio, aſſai ag-<lb/>gravata dallo ſteſſo pulpito! Egli è vero, che per eſſere la medeſima ad arco può an-<lb/>che ſoſtener ſopra il pulpito; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4092" xml:space="preserve">ma non è però, che tal figura non compariſca diſdice-<lb/>vole, e diſacconcia. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4093" xml:space="preserve">Operazioni di tal fatta poſſiamo chiamargli acciavattamenti d’ <lb/>ineſperti Architetti, che mai non inteſero il decoro della verace Architettura.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4094" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4095" xml:space="preserve">1. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4096" xml:space="preserve">Arcata, e primo piano della Scala del Palazzo di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4097" xml:space="preserve">E. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4098" xml:space="preserve">l’ Ambaſciator di Spagna.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4099" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4100" xml:space="preserve">2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4101" xml:space="preserve">Una delle due porte laterali alla maggiore nella facciata della Chieſa del S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4102" xml:space="preserve">Sepolcro.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4103" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4104" xml:space="preserve">3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4105" xml:space="preserve">La porta nuova della Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4106" xml:space="preserve">Niccolò.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4107" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4108" xml:space="preserve">4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4109" xml:space="preserve">Pulpiti ſopra le due porte laterali all’ Altar Maggiore della Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4110" xml:space="preserve">Baſilio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4111" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="128" file="0236" n="236" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0236-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0236-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0236-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0236-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption137" xml:space="preserve">1</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0236-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0236-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption138" xml:space="preserve">2</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0236-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0236-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption139" xml:space="preserve">3<lb/>4</caption> </figure> <pb o="129" file="0237" n="237" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div184" type="section" level="1" n="184"> <head xml:id="echoid-head201" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Proporzioni delle fineſtre, e niccbj ornati di colonne poſte ſopra modiglioni, <lb/>menſole, cartelle, o cornici.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4112" xml:space="preserve">Sono queſti gli eſemplari prima di tutto delle fineſtre colle colonne poſte fuori <lb/>del vivo, e piantate ſul falſo, come quelle, che ſono nel baſſo ſopra la facciata del-<lb/>la Scuola di San Fantino, quelle alla Scuola di San Teodoro, e quelle della facciata <lb/>della Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4113" xml:space="preserve">Antonio di Caſtello: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4114" xml:space="preserve">e parimente quelle, che ſi veggiono ſopra <lb/>la facciata della Scuola grande di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4115" xml:space="preserve">Rocco: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4116" xml:space="preserve">quelle ſopra la facciata della Cappella di <lb/>S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4117" xml:space="preserve">Niccolò ſopra la Corte di Palazzo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4118" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente quelle ſopra la facciata della Chie-<lb/>ſa dello Spirito Santo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4119" xml:space="preserve">Queſte ſon tutte fineſtre ornate di colonne, parte di tutta <lb/>rotondità iſolate, altre di due terzi, ed altre quali più, quali meno; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4120" xml:space="preserve">tutte però po-<lb/>ſte ſopra modiglioni, o menſole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4121" xml:space="preserve">Tutte le diviſate ſpecie di fineſtre, come ſi vede <lb/>nel ſottopoſto loro diſegno, moſtrano immediatamente la frivola loro ſuſſiſtenza, e <lb/>falſità, perchè ſon prive del vero e poſitivo loro fondamento di ſtabile piantazione; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4122" xml:space="preserve">e tanto è vero, perchè reſtano eſpoſte ſenza ſuſſiſtenza, nè appoggiate ſopra il ſo-<lb/>do, e reale eſſer loro. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4123" xml:space="preserve">Ciò non oſtante vi ſarà per avventura chi vorrà ſoſtenere in <lb/>contrario, affermando, che queſti penſieri furono eſeguiti da celebri Architetti, e <lb/>che queſti a petto a noi poſſon dirſi maeſtri; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4124" xml:space="preserve">e che ſolo in oggi ſi ha il talento di <lb/>voler cenſurare le opere d’ Autori accreditati, che preſſo della gente ſono ſtimabili, <lb/>e pregiate. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4125" xml:space="preserve">Riſponderei a ciò francamente, che le opere ſtimate, e degne d’ eſſere <lb/>conſiderate ſono quelle ſole, che non hanno verun difetto, nè vizio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4126" xml:space="preserve">e che ſe in <lb/>queſte ſi rilevaſſero coſe tali, che patentemente ſi conoſceſſero difettoſe, ſarebbe, e <lb/>ſarà ſempre bene il manifeſtarle, ed illuminare gli ſtudenti dell’Arte, perchè non <lb/>urtino in tali debolezze. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4127" xml:space="preserve">Più che un uomo vive, trovaſi a portata di rilevare quel-<lb/>lo, che altro uomo non conobbe, forſe, perchè in certi tempi non fi oſſervava con <lb/>tanta eſattezza, o per dir meglio non ſi avevano tutte quelle nozioni, che ci ha <lb/>ſomminiſtrato l’eſperienza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4128" xml:space="preserve">ed è vero ciò, che dice il Palladio nel ſuo IV. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4129" xml:space="preserve">Libro d’ <lb/>Architettura a carte 64.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4130" xml:space="preserve">, che eſſendo tutte le coſe umane in perpetuo moto, avvie-<lb/>ne, che ora aſcendano al ſommo della loro perfezione, ed ora piombino nel bara-<lb/>tro della loro più abjetta imperfezione. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4131" xml:space="preserve">L’Architettura, dic’egli, ai tempi dei no-<lb/>ſtri Padri, ed Avi uſcita di quelle tenebre, nelle quali era ſtata lungamente come <lb/>ſepolta, comincia a farſi veder di nuovo nella luce del Mondo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4132" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè ſotto <lb/>il Pontificato di Giulio II. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4133" xml:space="preserve">Bramante, uomo eccellentiſſimo, fu il primo a porre in <lb/>luce la bella e buona Architettura, che dagli Antichi fino al ſuo tempo era ſtata <lb/>naſcoſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4134" xml:space="preserve">Così io replico preſentemente: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4135" xml:space="preserve">e ſe finora non ſi è più che tanto oſſerva-<lb/>to le irregolarità praticate nella retta Architettura, è venuto il tempo di riconoſcer-<lb/>le, e d’avvertire, che ſi ſchivino pel decoro d’eſſa Arte nobiliſſima. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4136" xml:space="preserve">Così parimen-<lb/>te dobbiamo confermare, riſpetto ai nicchj ornati di colonne, le quali, o ſoſtengano <lb/>la cornice, fronteſpizio, o rimenato; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4137" xml:space="preserve">oppure fiancheggino il nicchio ſteſſo, o in co-<lb/>lonne, o queſte appoggino ſul vivo, o molto più ſe ſien collocate ſopra modiglio-<lb/>ni, menſole, o cartelle, come ſon quelle, che ſon poſte negl’ intercolunnj della fac-<lb/>ciata della Chieſa di San Rocco: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4138" xml:space="preserve">ſia pertanto o nell’una, o nell’ altra maniera, ſon <lb/>ſempre di proporzione ſregolata riſpetto alle ſteſſe ſtatue, le quali compariſcono me-<lb/>ſchine, ed impoveriſcono grandemente la nobiltà d’eſſa facciata; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4139" xml:space="preserve">ovvero giungono <lb/>ad uniformarſi alla ſteſſa ſtatua; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4140" xml:space="preserve">e ciò non corriſponde alla regolata armonica pro-<lb/>porzione, che detta la formale retta Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4141" xml:space="preserve">Affinchè poi gli ſtudioſi reſtino <lb/>manifeſtamente perſuaſi, propongo gli eſemplari anche dei nicchj con inſieme le co-<lb/>lonne, e le ſtatue, non meno di quelle poſte ſul vivo, che di quelle poſte ſu i mo-<lb/>diglioni; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4142" xml:space="preserve">e perchè da tutte queſte ben ponderate oſſervazioni poſſa ognuno reſtar <lb/>certificato, che l’Architettura non ammette arbitrj fuor di ragione, quelli cioè, i <lb/>quali, in vece d’ arricchirla, l’impoveriſcano aſſai, riducendola a ſtato di ſomma me-<lb/>ſchinità. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4143" xml:space="preserve">Le colonne nell’ Architettura ſon quelle, che decorano, quelle che ſoſten-<lb/>gono, e quelle anche, che a foggia di pilaſtri fortificano le fabbriche: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4144" xml:space="preserve">e queſte non <lb/>ſi debbon porre, ſe non ſe per magnificenza e decoro, nè mai uſarle per giocolini, <lb/>cioè, porne una grande, e accanto a queſta un’altra meſchina, quando ciò non foſ-<lb/>ſe per ſoſtenere qualche nobile arcata entro lo ſpazio di colonne maggiori, e che così <lb/>richiedeſſe il caſo della ſteſſa fabbrica: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4145" xml:space="preserve">ma per adornar nicchj mancano forſe modi <lb/>d’arricchirgli fuori delle colonne? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4146" xml:space="preserve">No certamente; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4147" xml:space="preserve">anzi il nicchio ornato d’ un ſolo <lb/>riquadro, come appunto praticò l’ Amanati in un ſuo arco entro il Cortile del Pa-<lb/>lazzo del Mantova in Padova, di cui eſpongo il diſegno eſatto, fa a maraviglia be- <pb o="130" file="0238" n="238" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> ne, come potraſſi rilevare dall’ inſpezione d’ eſſo diſegno, ed argomentare, ſe ciò, <lb/>ch’io propongo, è dell’ ottimo guſto, ragionevole, e perfetto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4148" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4149" xml:space="preserve">1. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4150" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtra con colonne ſopra modiglione nella facciata della Scuola di San Giro-<lb/>lamo, detta di San Fantino.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4151" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4152" xml:space="preserve">2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4153" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre con colonne ſopra modiglioni nella facciata della Scuola di San Teo-<lb/>doro.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4154" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4155" xml:space="preserve">3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4156" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre con colonne ſopra modiglioni nella facciata di Sant’ Antonio di Ca-<lb/>ſtello.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4157" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4158" xml:space="preserve">4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4159" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre con colonne ſopra modiglioni nella facciata della Scuola di San Rocco.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4160" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4161" xml:space="preserve">5. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4162" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre con colonne ſopra menſola nella facciata della Chieſa dello Spirito <lb/>Santo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4163" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4164" xml:space="preserve">6. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4165" xml:space="preserve">Fineſtre con colonne ſopra menſola nella facciata della Cappella di San Nicco-<lb/>lò ſopra la corte di Palazzo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4166" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="131" file="0239" n="239" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0239-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0239-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0239-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0239-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption140" xml:space="preserve">1</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0239-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0239-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption141" xml:space="preserve">2</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0239-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0239-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption142" xml:space="preserve">3</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0239-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0239-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption143" xml:space="preserve">4</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0239-06" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0239-06"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption144" xml:space="preserve">5<lb/>6</caption> </figure> <pb o="132" file="0240" n="240" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div185" type="section" level="1" n="185"> <head xml:id="echoid-head202" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Conſiderazioni ſopra l’ abuſo di porre le colonne per ornato delle fineſtre, enicchj <lb/>con ſtatue poſte ſu i modiglioni, cornici, o menſole, fuori del vivo.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4167" xml:space="preserve">Oltre il da noi oſſervato finora, merita alcun rifleſſo l’ introdotto abuſo da certi <lb/>Architetti, che per certa loro bizzarria preteſero d’arricchire l’ Architettura con ag-<lb/>giungere quello, che la immeſchiniſce, e che le toglie la ſua nobiltà, e bellezza. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4168" xml:space="preserve">Io ho oſſervato in fatti così eſſerſi praticato in varj luoghi, e praticarſi tuttora: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4169" xml:space="preserve">e <lb/>dopo d’aver conſiderato sì fatti abuſi diſpoſti in varie forme, cioè, ove pilaſtri, ove <lb/>mezze colonne rotonde, e molti formati di tutto l’intero diametro di colonna, pre-<lb/>tendendo in tal guiſa di dar molto garbo allo ſteſſo nicchio.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4170" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4171" xml:space="preserve">Di tali fineſtre, e di tali nicchj ſe ne contano molti, come ſi può rilevare dagli <lb/>eſpoſti diſegni, che moſtrano il loro eſſere ſcorretto e vizioſo, eſſendo tali fineſtre, <lb/>e nicchj poſti in aria fuori del vivo, che compariſcono Capitelli da ragazzi attac-<lb/>cati poſticci alla muraglia.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4172" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4173" xml:space="preserve">Il punto conſiſte adunque nel vedere, ſe tali nicchj, o fineſtre ornate in tal gui-<lb/>ſa abbiano tutta la relazione e corriſpondenza col rimanente della fabbrica; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4174" xml:space="preserve">oppure <lb/>ſcemino, e impiccioliſcano la maeſtoſa comparſa del ſuo maeſtoſo aſpetto naturale <lb/>e vero. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4175" xml:space="preserve">In fatti riflettendo alla meſchinità delle colonne poſte per fiancheggio dei <lb/>nicchj, e confrontate con le ſtatue d’eſſi nicchj, appariſce chiaramente, che l’ una <lb/>non conviene in proporzione coll’altra, anzi ſi ſcuopre aſſai volte, che è maggiore <lb/>la ſtatua della colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4176" xml:space="preserve">Queſto ſolo baſta per ſovvertire il buon ordine, e per im-<lb/>picciolire la fabbrica, togliendole quella ſimmetria, e convenienza di buona compar-<lb/>ſa, che ſe le aſpetta: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4177" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè oggi non ſiamo più allo ſcuro delle riſpettive <lb/>loro proporzioni, come allorchè, al riferir di Vitruvio, furono rilevate le prime mi-<lb/>ſurando la pianta del piede virile, e venne fatto di quella groſſezza il fuſto da baſ-<lb/>ſo della colonna, levando ſei fiate in altezza da terra, compreſo il ſuo capitello. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4178" xml:space="preserve">Quindi ſi paſsò con maggiore avvedutezza, e garbo a ricavare moduli più riſtretti, <lb/>per render le colonne ſteſſe più ſvelte, e leggiere, come ci deſcrive il Ruſconi nel <lb/>ſuo Comento di Vitruvio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4179" xml:space="preserve">Riflettendo ora a quanto ſi è detto, non potrà mai eſ-<lb/>ſer proporzione delle colonne quella, che s’agguagli alle ſteſſe ſtatue; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4180" xml:space="preserve">nemmeno quel-<lb/>la, che le ſtatue ſorpaſſino le medeſime colonne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4181" xml:space="preserve">ma bensì, che i nicchj della fab-<lb/>brica ſieno formati di parti grandi e maeſtoſe, ſicchè le colonne principali abbiano <lb/>conveniente uniformità con tutto il rimanente della fabbrica, come appunto rieſco-<lb/>no quelle, che ſon poſte alle fineſtre, ed ai nicchj: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4182" xml:space="preserve">dove ſe queſte ſono di meſchi-<lb/>na ſigura, impoveriſcono l’Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4183" xml:space="preserve">Nè vale il dire, che altri pure così fecero, <lb/>e ſu tali eſempj ſi poſſa continuare a far lo ſteſſo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4184" xml:space="preserve">perch’io riſpondo, che chi lo ſe-<lb/>ce, fece ſempre male, e che ciò, che è mal fatto, ſi dee ſchivare, e non imitare.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4185" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4186" xml:space="preserve">Non fo parola di tutte quelle, che ſi vedono eſeguite nei depoſiti poſti di contro le <lb/>muraglie, che non fanno figura, che di ſemplici tele rappreſentanti le geſta, e me-<lb/>morie dei trapaſſati, le quali coſe non ſi poſſono ſpiegare realmente, ſe non ſe con <lb/>qualche progettura, e licenzioſità di ſporti, poſti ſopra modiglioni, o menſole, per-<lb/>chè non appoggiano in terra, ma ſtanno ſemplicemente raccomandate alla muraglia; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4187" xml:space="preserve">nè di queſte niuno chiede conto; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4188" xml:space="preserve">ma ſi parla ſoltanto di quelle, che ſono, e debbon <lb/>eſſere uniformi alla vera, e reale Architettura, ſtrettamente congiunte, e legate, come <lb/>appunto eſſer dovrebbero le ſopraccennate.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4189" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4190" xml:space="preserve">E’una vergogna, che laſcinſi correre tali ſcorrezioni e ſconcerti in quell’Arte, che <lb/>vuole il grandioſo e poſitivo ſuo carattere ſempre coſtante, lontano da ſciocchezze. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4191" xml:space="preserve">E <lb/>ſe alcuno vi foſſe, che voleſſe ſoſtenere, che tali ſcherzi ſon fatti per arricchire, e a-<lb/>dornare l’Architettura, riſponderei, che può farſi tutto quello, che è capace di no-<lb/>bilitarla, ma opportunamente, ed in modo, che la ſteſſa non venga ſconcertata, nè <lb/>impicciolita con tritumi, e bagattelluzze, che le ſono contrarie, e che furono, e ſa-<lb/>ranno perpetuamente diſapprovate.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4192" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4193" xml:space="preserve">Il Palladio vero maeſtro in queſt’ Arte ci avverte nel ſuo 1. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4194" xml:space="preserve">Libro d’ Architettura a <lb/>carte 6, dicendo ſulle tracce medeſime di Vitruvio, che nelle fabbriche debbonſi con-<lb/>ſiderare tre coſe, cioè, l’ utile, o ſia la comodità, la perpetuità, e la bellezza, non <lb/>potendoſi dire perſetta quell’Opera, che ſoſſe mancante; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4195" xml:space="preserve">e nemmeno dire con ragio-<lb/>nevolezza, che una tal fabbrica faccia comparſa d’un corpo ben compoſto, e perſet-<lb/>to: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4196" xml:space="preserve">imperciocchè ciò dir non ſi può, ſe in eſſo un membro all’altro non corriſpon-<lb/>da. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4197" xml:space="preserve">Ciò poſto per indubitato, come ſi potranno approvare queſte tali fineſtre, e que <lb/>ſti nicchj così fuor di regola, ornati di colonne poſte ſopra i modiglioni, o cartelle, o- <pb o="133" file="0241" n="241" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> cornici ſoſte@tate da menſole? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4198" xml:space="preserve">Certamente non appoggiando queſte ſopra il vivo, e <lb/>ſolido loro fondamento, ma ſopra il falſo (potendo anche aggiungerſi fuori del lor <lb/>centro naturale, e verità, dalla qual pianta ſi dee riconoſcere il loro naſcimento ra-<lb/>gionevole, e giuſto) non potrà mai dirſi, che tali fabbriche abbiano quella ſolidità, <lb/>che faccia comparſa, nè di vera, nè di probabile perpetuità, ſtabilita col ſodo, e <lb/>valido eſſer ſuo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4199" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4200" xml:space="preserve">Negli antecedenti fogli parlai anche dei nicchj poſti ſopra la facciata della Chieſa <lb/>di San Rocco, quanto, e come mi conveniva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4201" xml:space="preserve">Preſentemente però in eſſa facciata <lb/>vi è ancora di peggio, e ciò è appunto ſeguito per negligenza dell’ Architetto ſoprin-<lb/>tendente alla fabbrica, che traſcurò di conſiderare a dovere la pianta delle colonne, e <lb/>pel ripiego da eſſo preſo per accomodare i capitelli delle medeſime. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4202" xml:space="preserve">Certamente ſe <lb/>egli aveſle fatto tale oſſervazione, ſi ſarebbe potuto, e dovuto nel modo ſteſlo farla <lb/>nella nuova fabbrica, e ſarebbe riuſcito a maraviglia bene. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4203" xml:space="preserve">Il ripiego pertanto fu <lb/>queſto, cioè, che per non occupare maggior ſito collo ſporgimento dei piediſtalli, <lb/>l’ Architetto ſi riſtrinſe appoggiando plinto con plinto in poca diſtanza l’ uno preſlo <lb/>l’altro, non laſciando quello ſpazio intermedio, che poteſſe dar luogo all’abaco di <lb/>ſopra dei proprj capitelli nelle ſue ſcornature, e caulicoli. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4204" xml:space="preserve">Il ripiego però adopera-<lb/>to dal valente Architetto fu, che l’ abaco del capitello della colonna foſſe tutto in-<lb/>tiero nel ſuo giuſto quadrato, ed in fianco, perchè ſorpaſſaſſe colla ſua ſcornatura <lb/>l’abaco del pilaſtro, e di ſotto fece ſorpaſſare il caulicolo dello ſteſſo pilaſtro, che <lb/>eſſendo poſto contro la colonna moſtra tanta gentilezza, e avvenenza, che con bel-<lb/>liſſimo inganno viene a naſcondere ciò, che ſarebbe errore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4205" xml:space="preserve">Ma non così pensò il <lb/>novello Architetto nella nuova fabbrica della facciata della Chieſa vicina, che egli <lb/>pel piano fatto doveva eſeguire, quanto alle colonne, appunto come era ſtato fatto nel-<lb/>la Scuola: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4206" xml:space="preserve">ma quando queſto fu a porre i capitelli, ſi trovò imbarazzato, perchè vi-<lb/>de, che non potea mai riuſcirgli d’unire ſcornatura con ſcornatura nella ſua giuſta <lb/>larghezza e miſura; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4207" xml:space="preserve">quindi preteſe per avventura di meglio ripiegare, anzichè imitare <lb/>quello, che vedeva eſeguito, e pensò di voler far comparire gli ſteſſi capitelli total-<lb/>mente interi e giuſti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4208" xml:space="preserve">ma s’ingannò a partito, moſtrando con ciò il ſuo ſcarſo ſape-<lb/>re, e la ſua poca eſperienza. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4209" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè in tali capitelli non può certamente l’ a-<lb/>baco ſtare nel ſuo giuſto quadrato, mentre ne’ fianchi toccandoſi ſcornatura con ſcor-<lb/>natura, cioè, colonna e pilaſtro inſieme ſi uniſcono, e ſi attaccano per sì fatto mo-<lb/>do, che le loro inteſtature reſtano affatto tronche, coſa che deforma tutto il grazioſo <lb/>eſſer loro, e fa evidentemente rilevare il forzato, e falſo ripiego, totalmente inſuſſi-<lb/>ſtente, e difettoſo. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4210" xml:space="preserve">Poteva egli beniſſimo porre le loro baſi diſtanti quanto portava <lb/>il biſogno per la giuſta unione dei capitelli; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4211" xml:space="preserve">e ſe i piediſtalli ſporgevano più in fuori <lb/>tre o quattr’ once, non iſconciava niente affatto la facciata, e tutto ſarebbe andato a <lb/>dovere, quando aveſſe conſiderato, che il quadrato della baſe è minore di quello <lb/>dell’ abaco, e che per accomodare con giuſtezza le loro ſcornature è neceſſario lo <lb/>ſtaccamento delle proprie baſi: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4212" xml:space="preserve">oppure doveva imitare intieramente l’ eſeguito già <lb/>nella Scuola, come come appunto far ei doveva. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4213" xml:space="preserve">Di più ſi oſſerva, che come quel-<lb/>lo, che poco intende la leggiera Architettura, eſeguiſce tutto all’ oppoſto dei detta-<lb/>mi di quella, come è appunto l’ aver voluto terminare la facciata ſteſſa col peſante <lb/>rimenato, e timpano formato a catino ſondato, ſecondo l’ uſato operare maſſarino; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4214" xml:space="preserve">coſa, che anzichè ingentilire, aggrava notabilmente. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4215" xml:space="preserve">Vi voleva il ſolo vero, e na-<lb/>tural fronteſpizio, che copriſſe, e non aggravaſſe, come fa il rimenato peſante. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4216" xml:space="preserve">An-<lb/>che il gran Palladio nel ſuo I. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4217" xml:space="preserve">Libro d’ Architettura alla pagina 52. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4218" xml:space="preserve">parla dei fron-<lb/>teſpizj delle porte, delle fineſtre, e delle logge: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4219" xml:space="preserve">e di vero eſſendo queſti fatti per di-<lb/>moſtrare, e additare il piovere delle fabbriche, quel grand’ uomo non gli nomina <lb/>mai rimenati, poichè queſti moſtrano certamente figura più peſante del ſemplice <lb/>fronteſpizio. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4220" xml:space="preserve">E di tal forma ſe ne oſſervano eſeguiti ſopra la facciata dalla Chieſa di <lb/>S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4221" xml:space="preserve">Zaccaria, e ſopra quella della Scuola grande di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4222" xml:space="preserve">Marco, e nella facciata della <lb/>Chieſa di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4223" xml:space="preserve">Gio: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4224" xml:space="preserve">Criſoſtomo, parimente in quella di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4225" xml:space="preserve">Maria Zobenico, e di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4226" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Giuſtina: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4227" xml:space="preserve">tutti queſti rimenati ſono, chi più, chi meno alterati, e moſtrano certa-<lb/>mente figura peſante molto più del ſemplice fronteſpicio; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4228" xml:space="preserve">quindi il rimenato può ſol <lb/>tanto aver luogo nei piccioli ſpazj, che queſti non contano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4229" xml:space="preserve">in ſomma tutta la più <lb/>corretta Architettura conſiſte nel nobile e maeſtoſo, nel leggiero e gentile, e nel <lb/>forté, e ben piantato ſuo fondamento; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4230" xml:space="preserve">vale a dire, ben regolato, e riſultante da <lb/>ragionevoli proporzioni.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4231" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4232" xml:space="preserve">Mi ſembra altresì molto a propoſito l’ aggiungere per ultimo eſemplare il nicchio <lb/>colla ſtatua, che ſi vede ſopra l’ Altare di Sant’ Ignazio nella Chieſa de’Geſuiti, dal <pb o="134" file="0242" n="242" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> quale rilevaſi ſempre più la diſſonanza, ed incoerenza delle colonne poſte appreſſo <lb/>alle ſtatue quaſi a mezza figura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4233" xml:space="preserve">Queſto reo modo impiccioliſce, ed immeſchiniſce <lb/>grandemente l’Architettura, che così viene a perdere la ſua grandioſa magniſicenza <lb/>e nobiltà, poichè le figure vengono a moſtrarſi aſſai ſuperiori all’ Architettura ſteſ-<lb/>ſa, coſa affatto contraria alla ragione, poichè la ſola Architettura dee occupare per-<lb/>petuamente il primo luogo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4234" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4235" xml:space="preserve">1. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4236" xml:space="preserve">Nicchio con colonne e ſtatua ſopra la facciata di Santa Maria Zobenico.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4237" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4238" xml:space="preserve">2. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4239" xml:space="preserve">Nicchio con colonne e ſtatua ſopra la facciata della Salute.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4240" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4241" xml:space="preserve">3. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4242" xml:space="preserve">Nicchio con colonne ſopra modiglione, e ſtatua ſopra la facciata della Chieſa <lb/>di San Rocco.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4243" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4244" xml:space="preserve">4. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4245" xml:space="preserve">Nicchio con colonne, e ſtatua ſopra l’ Altare di Sant’ Ignazio nella Chieſa de’ <lb/>Geſuiti.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4246" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4247" xml:space="preserve">5. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4248" xml:space="preserve">Nicchio con ſtatua nella facciata dell’ Arco del Amanati in Padova nel cor-<lb/>tile del Palazzo del Mantova.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4249" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="135" file="0243" n="243" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0243-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0243-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0243-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0243-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption145" xml:space="preserve">1</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0243-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0243-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption146" xml:space="preserve">2</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0243-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0243-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption147" xml:space="preserve">3</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0243-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0243-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption148" xml:space="preserve">4<lb/>5</caption> </figure> <pb o="136" file="0244" n="244" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div186" type="section" level="1" n="186"> <head xml:id="echoid-head203" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Diſcorſo ſopra gli errori delle ſerraglie degli Archi.</head> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4250" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia dell’ Arco di Tito in Roma, e ſuo profilo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4251" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4252" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia dell’ Arco di Settimo Severo in Roma, e ſuo profilo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4253" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4254" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia dell’ Arco di Coſtantino in Roma, e ſuo profilo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4255" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4256" xml:space="preserve">Profilo d’ altra ſerraglia dei piccoli archi laterali in quello di Coſtantino.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4257" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4258" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia dell’ Arco ſopra la porta della Scuola grande di San Marco in Venezia, <lb/>e ſuo profilo.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4259" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p style="it"> <s xml:id="echoid-s4260" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia degli archi con l’ Abaco Corintio, e ſuoi profili, i primi nella Chieſa <lb/>de’ Geſuiti, e i ſecondi in quella della Fava.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4261" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4262" xml:space="preserve">Per dar compimento all’ opera noſtra altro non rimane, ſalvo che l’eſaminare le <lb/>ſerraglie degli archi, e di far per ultimo rilevare l’abuſo introdottoſi nell’adoperar-<lb/>le ſenza la corriſpondenza, ed avvenenza convenevole. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4263" xml:space="preserve">E di vero quelli, che le <lb/>adoprano ſenza la competente ragionevolezza, non ſono certamente informati nem-<lb/>meno del fine, per cui ſono ſtate introdotte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4264" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſe lo ſapeſſero, vedrebbero, <lb/>queſte altro non eſſere, che un ſemplice cuneo per iſtringere, e ſerrar l’ arco. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4265" xml:space="preserve">Quin-<lb/>di converrà dire, che il prolungarle in altezza fuor dell’ arco fin ſotto alla cornice <lb/>non ſarà mai lodevole, e biſognerà aſſolutamente aſtenerſene, poichè rieſcono di fi-<lb/>gura irregolare e ſconcia, null’ altro alle ſerraglie convenendo, ſalvo il far comba-<lb/>giar l’ arco, e nulla più. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4266" xml:space="preserve">Ma l’ ingombro di certe fantaſie, che vengon praticate dai <lb/>malpratici Architetti, i quali ſi fanno a credere d’ eſſere in loro arbitrio l’ arricchir-<lb/>le a talento non ſolo, ma farle anche ſporgere fuor del dovere, ponendovi ſopra l’ <lb/>abaco ad imitazione del capitello Corintio, colle corna, e roſetta, o queſto ſopra <lb/>la cartella, che accartocciando gonfia in fuori al di ſopra, che rigirata a roverſcio <lb/>al di ſotto forma cartoccio, o rocchello, è rea coſa. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4267" xml:space="preserve">E’ ben vero, che qualora que-<lb/>ſta ſia condotta con grazia e ſemplicità, o la foglia in luogo ſuo, poichè sì l’ una, <lb/>che l’ altra, null’ altro rappreſenta, che una ſcorza, la quale cuopra il cuneo, non <lb/>può ſcomparire, laſciando però ſempre da parte la moſtruoſità dell’abaco con le ſue <lb/>corna e roſetta, che non ſerve a nulla, e molto più quando venga poſto in luogo, <lb/>in cui vi ſia cornice ſopra, la quale continui a diritto muro ſenza alcuno ſporgimen-<lb/>to d’ Architrave; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4268" xml:space="preserve">ed in tal caſo la ſerraglia, che ſporge in fuori, ſarà ſenza ragio-<lb/>ne; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4269" xml:space="preserve">poichè ſopra tal abaco nulla appoggiando, e nulla ſoſtenendo il medeſimo, rie-<lb/>ſce inutile, e di ſconcia figura, ſiccome ſi vede praticarſi in varj luoghi. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4270" xml:space="preserve">Ciò non <lb/>ſi è veduto giammai nella buona Architettura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4271" xml:space="preserve">nè per vederſi in Roma nei tre Ar-<lb/>chi trionfali, cioè, nell’Arco di Tito, in quello di Settimio Severo, e in quello <lb/>di Coſtantino, queſto dee far altrui legge ſicura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4272" xml:space="preserve">Imperciocchè quantunque l’Archi-<lb/>tettura dei medeſimi Archi compariſca buona, ha tuttavia le ſerraglie degli archi <lb/>molto licenzioſe e peſanti, a motivo del grande ſuo ſporgimento, edella cartella al <lb/>di ſotto con foglia, ſopra cui è ſoſtenuta la figura di Pallade, e l’ Imperatore in pie-<lb/>di con Trofei, od altro geroglifico. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4273" xml:space="preserve">In quello poi di Coſtantino non ſolo vi è ſo-<lb/>ſtenuta la figura, ma il cartoccio ancora roverſciato con ſedia, ſu cui ſta aſſiſa una <lb/>Minerva: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4274" xml:space="preserve">e quantunque il lavoro compariſca ottimo, tuttavia il penſiero è un mero <lb/>ſcherzo, e bizzarria, priva d’ ogni ſuſſiſtenza; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4275" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè una ſemplice foglia non <lb/>abbia in ſe forza, che poſſa ſoſtenere alcun peſo, non v’eſſendo menſola, la quale <lb/>ſola poſſa reggere e ſoſtentare qualſivoglia peſo: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4276" xml:space="preserve">ma conſiderando, che il ſemplice <lb/>rocchello altro non è, che una ſcorza, o foglia, che s’arriccia, e che è a un tem-<lb/>po ſteſſo debole, e di niuna ſuſſiſtenza, ſi vede patentemente l’ errore. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4277" xml:space="preserve">Dee l’ Ar-<lb/>chitetto aver l’ occhio ſeriamente sì al peſo, che alla proprietà delle coſe, ed adat-<lb/>tarle al luogo loro colla maggior grazia, e naturalezza pel décoro dell’ Opera. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4278" xml:space="preserve">Ep-<lb/>pure oſſervaſi per lo più, che tutto quello, che compariſce novità, incontra chi l’ <lb/>abbraccia, e vuole imitarla, come coſa, che ſia degna d’applauſo, non conſideran-<lb/>do di vantaggio, ma adducendo altri eſempj in ſua difeſa: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4279" xml:space="preserve">e queſto ſi oſſerva eſe-<lb/>guito anche nella ſerraglia dell’ arco ſopra la porta della Scuola grande di S. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4280" xml:space="preserve">Marco <lb/>in Venezia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4281" xml:space="preserve">e benchè queſta ſia di ſola cartella col rocchello al di ſotto, viene ap- <pb o="137" file="0245" n="245" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> poggiato ſopra queſto un angioletto ſedente, che col braccio dritto ſtringe una cor-<lb/>nucopia; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4282" xml:space="preserve">e ſimili ſono le due altre poſte, una ſo<unsure/>pra l’ Arco della porta, che intro-<lb/>duce ai Magiſtrati dei Conſoli de’ Mercanti, e @e’ ſette Savj alla Mercanzia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4283" xml:space="preserve">altra <lb/>del fondaco de’ Tedeſchi; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4284" xml:space="preserve">ed altra pure nell’ arc@ ſopra la porta dell’ Arſenale, aven-<lb/>te un fanciullo a ſedere ſopra il rocchello, che @bbraccia due ceſte di frutti una per <lb/>parte; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4285" xml:space="preserve">e queſte ſono di ſola cartella colla corn@copia: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4286" xml:space="preserve">e queſto ſebben guernito d’ <lb/>ale, non vola, ma ſtandoſi a @edere dee cert@mente cagionare alcun peſo al ro c-<lb/>chello, come oſſervammo quì ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4287" xml:space="preserve">Se poi ſimili Angioletti foſſero in azione di <lb/>volare, non vi ſarebbe che dire. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4288" xml:space="preserve">La coſa, che @a più maraviglia, ſi è, l’ eſſervene uno <lb/>poſto ſopra la ſerraglía dell’ Arco nell’ Altar Maggiore di San Lorenzo, che ſe ne ſta <lb/>in piedi ſul rocchello, che è ſimilmente ala@o, ma non vola, nè ha verun luogo l’ <lb/>azione, ch’ei rappreſenta; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4289" xml:space="preserve">poichè, come ſi vede nel profilo della figura, pende all’ <lb/>ingiù, e quantunque appoggi i piedi ſul r@cchello, non ſarà mai vero, che poſſa <lb/>ſcherzare sì leggiadramente, come dimoſt@a il diſegno. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4290" xml:space="preserve">Dobbiamo dunque confer-<lb/>mare, che non poſſono aver luogo tali ſe@raglie ornate con figure, per l’improprie-<lb/>tà, che rappreſentano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4291" xml:space="preserve">nè dal Palladio @ennero mai poſte in uſo nelle ſue fabbri-<lb/>che, come ſappiamo dall’aureo ſuo Libro d’ Architettura, e di Raccolta delle Roma-<lb/>ne Antichità. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4292" xml:space="preserve">Sapeva certamente un Autor@e sì inſigne di quale importanza ſi foſſero le <lb/>ſerraglie, eppure rade volte @e miſe in opera; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4293" xml:space="preserve">e ſeppure le pratico, non ſi valſe d’ <lb/>altro, che della cartella accartocciata, @emplice, e baſ@a, e non mai come vien pra-<lb/>ticata, cioè, gonfia, e di tutto tondo; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4294" xml:space="preserve">oppure ponendo nel cuneo una teſta guerriera <lb/>di Minerva, o d’altro, come di maſcheroni, o d’animali, e non mai abaco, nè lo <lb/>ſporgimento moſtruoſo, che ſi uſa fu@r del dovere, e peſantiſſimo, ma ſempre con <lb/>proprietà e buona maniera. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4295" xml:space="preserve">E perchè meglio riſalti l’errore diviſato, porrò le figu-<lb/>re delle medeſime da me oſſervate n@ll’ eſſer loro, acciò vie più ſi comprenda l’im-<lb/>portanza di diſordine così grande, e<unsure/> che gli Artefici in ſeguito poſſano correggere <lb/>difetto sì diſordinato. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4296" xml:space="preserve">Voglia il Ciel<unsure/>o, che i finora dati avvertimenti ſervano di ſpro-<lb/>ne ai traſcurati per applicarſi alle ſerie neceſſarie rifleſſioni, e ſi ſradichino per <lb/>conſeguenza gli enormi abuſi, che l’inavvertenza laſciò correr finora ſenza ritegno. <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4297" xml:space="preserve">Non mi è mai caduto in penſiero di volerla fare da riformatore; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4298" xml:space="preserve">ma ho avuto ed <lb/>ho l’intenzione retta di ſuggerire ſemplicemente il vero, per vederſi sfuggire una <lb/>volta dagli Architetti tutti quelli errori, che non ſolo deformano, ma diſtruggono <lb/>eziandio la vera, e retta maniera d’ operare, e per far riſorgere la perfetta Architet-<lb/>tura per gloria d’ Arte sì nobile non meno, che dell’ inclita noſtra Patria.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4299" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="138" file="0246" n="246" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> <figure> <image file="0246-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0246-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0246-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0246-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption149" style="it" xml:space="preserve">e ſuo profilo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0246-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0246-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption150" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia <lb/>di Jito in <lb/>dell’ Arco <lb/>Roma,</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0246-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0246-04"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption151" style="it" xml:space="preserve">e ſuo profilo</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0246-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0246-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption152" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia <lb/>di Settimo <lb/>dell’ Arco <lb/>Severo in <lb/>Roma,<lb/>e ſuo proſilo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0246-06" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0246-06"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption153" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia dell’ Arco di Costantino in Roma,</caption> </figure> <pb o="139" file="0247" n="247" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> <figure> <image file="0247-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0247-01"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0247-02" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0247-02"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption154" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Profilo d’altra ſerraglia <lb/>dei piccoli archi laterali <lb/>in quello di Coſtantino.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0247-03" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0247-03"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption155" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia dell’ Arco sopra la porta della Scuola <lb/>grande di S. Marco in Venezia, e ſuo profilo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0247-04" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0247-04"/> </figure> <figure> <image file="0247-05" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0247-05"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption156" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia dell’ Arco ſopra l’ Altar Mag-<lb/>gior in S. Lorenzo, e ſuo profilo.</caption> </figure> <figure> <image file="0247-06" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0247-06"/> <caption xml:id="echoid-caption157" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Serraglia degli Archi con l’ Abaco Corintio, e ſuoi profili, i primi nella <lb/>Chieſa de Geſuiti, e i ſecondi in quella della Fava</caption> </figure> <pb o="140" file="0248" n="248" rhead="OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA GLI ERRORI"/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div187" type="section" level="1" n="187"> <head xml:id="echoid-head204" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Diſcorſo ſopra l’abuſo delle colonne ſpirali.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4300" xml:space="preserve">Non ſarà nemmeno diſdicevole al noſtro aſſunto l’ aggiungere, per compimento dell’ <lb/>eſpoſto finora, anche l’ abuſo introdotto delle colonne ſpirali, tanto applaudite nella <lb/>moderna Architettura, ma ſenza ſaper l’ eſſer loro, nè a che ſervir poſſano; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4301" xml:space="preserve">e perciò <lb/>s’ adoprano ſenza il menomo fondamento, o ragione, quando non furono mai meſ-<lb/>ſe in uſo dalla ſolida e retta Antichità. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4302" xml:space="preserve">Nè perchè lo ſpiritoſo Cavalier Bernino per <lb/>ſegnalarſi ſopra gli altri penſaſſe a formarne quattro di maeſtoſa grandezza per ſo-<lb/>ſtenere il baldacchino in San Pietro di Roma, valendoſi del metallo Corintio, che <lb/>era nel portico del Pantheon per fonderle: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4303" xml:space="preserve">nè perchè il gran R affaello d’Urbino, ed <lb/>il famoſo Rubens Pittori di ſommo grido uſaſſero tal maniera di colonnati nei loro <lb/>quadri, dobbiamo prenderne norma ſu tale autorità di valercene negli Altari, come <lb/>ſe ne veggiono varj in Roma, ed anche in Venezia nella Chieſa de’ Geſuiti, ove <lb/>ne ſono ben dieci nell’ Altar Maggiore, che ſoſtengono una peſante cupola: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4304" xml:space="preserve">come <lb/>altresì nella Chieſa di San Marcelliano veggionſene in quattro Altari. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4305" xml:space="preserve">L’uſo di ſiffat-<lb/>te colonne introdotte più per accidente, che per naturalezza, e buona ragione, non <lb/>ha in ſe nè ſolidità, nè forza di reale Architettura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4306" xml:space="preserve">E di vero, ſe tali colonne ſpira-<lb/>li ſon compoſte della ſteſſa altezza, che ſi dà alle ſchiette, e rette, certamente eſſen-<lb/>do queſte attorcigliate, volendole eſtendere ſi prolungherebbero moltiſſimo, forman-<lb/>do figura non più di colonna, ma di coſa eccedente d’ aſſai la ſua proporzione natu-<lb/>rale: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4307" xml:space="preserve">quanto poi all’ uſo del ſoſtenere, è indubitato, che ha ſorza maggiore la colon-<lb/>na dritta, che la torta, come ci detta la ſteſſa natura: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4308" xml:space="preserve">come allorchè s’abbia a ſoſte-<lb/>ner qualche peſo non ſi adoprano legni torti, o curvi, poichè non hanno la forza <lb/>dei piani, e dritti; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4309" xml:space="preserve">e la ſteſſa ragione ſi rileva nelle perſone date alla fatica, poichè <lb/>ha ſempre più forza un uomo dritto e ben piantato, che un gobbo, o che abbia le <lb/>gambe ſtorte: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4310" xml:space="preserve">tale è appunto anche l’ uſo delle colonne. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4311" xml:space="preserve">E per non laſciare alcuna co-<lb/>ſa ſenza la ſua oſſervazione, mi giova l’ aggiungere anche l’ opera d’ Architettura, e <lb/>di proſpettiva del P. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4312" xml:space="preserve">Pozzi ſtampata in Roma l’anno 1700. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4313" xml:space="preserve">nella cui ſeconda parte <lb/>vi è poſto un Altare di capriccio con pilaſtri dritti al di dentro, e al di fuori altra <lb/>colonna ſedente, e queſta ſoſtenente la cornice nello ſteſſo livello de’ pilaſtri. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4314" xml:space="preserve">La baſe <lb/>poi della detta colonna ſedente non piomba ſotto il ſuo capitello, ma ſi dilata quan-<lb/>to il ſedere la ſpinge in fuori, quantunque la medeſima ſia appoggiata al pilaſtro, <lb/>che la ſeconda. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4315" xml:space="preserve">Vero ſi è, che ſe queſta ſi drizzaſſe, ſorpaſlerebbe di molto i pilaſtri, <lb/>e porterebbe fuori la propria cornice, e la ſteſſa diverrebbe d’ eccedente miſura, e de-<lb/>formata, come le accennate di ſopra. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4316" xml:space="preserve">Nè attendere ſi dee in conto alcuno la ragio-<lb/>ne, che adduce queſto Padre per difendere il ſuo bizzarro penſare, dicendo, che gli <lb/>Antichi ſi valſero delle Cariatidi citate da Vitruvio, dimandando per qual neceſſità <lb/>debbano ſtare in piedi, e diritte, e perchè non poſſano anche fare ſedendo l’ ufizio <lb/>loro? </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4317" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe queſta non è incoerenza, non ſarà nemmeno, dice egli, che ciò poſ-<lb/>ſan fare anche le colonne ſedenti, che ſon figura di quelle. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4318" xml:space="preserve">Ma non ſi è il buon <lb/>Padre avveduto dell’ inganno, e della differenza, che dee trovarſi fra l’uomo, e la <lb/>colonna. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4319" xml:space="preserve">Vero è, che l’uomo talvolta ſi pone a ſedere; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4320" xml:space="preserve">e ſe ſi vedeſſero due ſtan-<lb/>do in piedi d’ altezza uguale, e che poi uno ſi poneſſe a ſedere, certo il ſedente di-<lb/>verrebbe di minore altezza, e di minor forza del compagno, e per poter eſſer a li-<lb/>vello colla teſta dell’altro, biſognerebbe, che ſi poneſſe a ſedere ſopra un piediſtal-<lb/>lo, che lo alzaſſe alla medeſima elevatezza, qualor doveſſe colla teſta di pari che il <lb/>compagno ſoſtenere qualche filo, o dirittura. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4321" xml:space="preserve">Ma il P Pozzi francamente ſenza ve-<lb/>runa conſiderazione propone una ragione, che anzichè difenderlo, lo condanna; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4322" xml:space="preserve">mentre ſe l’ uomo ſi pone a ſedere, lo fa, perchè è ſtanco, lo che non può mai <lb/>accadere alla colonna, che non può mai ſtancarſi.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4323" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4324" xml:space="preserve">Laonde confermandomi nel mio parere dico, che le colonne ſpirali non ſervono <lb/>ad altro uſo, che pel Teatro, poichè luoghi ſiffatti non ſono tenuti a dar ragione <lb/>delle loro apparenze, perchè ſono momentanee, e non durevoli: </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4325" xml:space="preserve">e ſe la bizzarria <lb/>de’Pittori ſi è preſa alcuna libertà nei ſuoi quadri, ſubito ſi dice eſſer licenza pit-<lb/>toreſca, facendo eſſi Pittori tutto quello, che ſtimano che poſſa loro far gioco nell’ <lb/>idea del loro quadro, e nulla più. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4326" xml:space="preserve">Ma per lo contrario l’ Architettura dee eſſer ma-<lb/>neggiata con buona, ſavia, e matura conſiderazione, nè ammetter dee licenze, e <lb/>ſcherzi irragionevoli, come ne è piena Roma; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4327" xml:space="preserve">ma ſeguire perpetuamente il ſuo ret-<lb/>to fine propoſto dalle ſue giuſte Leggi fiſſe mai ſempre, ed invariabili.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4328" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> <pb o="141" file="0249" n="249" rhead="DEGLI ARCHITETTI."/> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div188" type="section" level="1" n="188"> <head xml:id="echoid-head205" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Ai Giovani ſtudioſi dell’ Architettura.</head> <p> <s xml:id="echoid-s4329" xml:space="preserve">DOPO d’avere ſcoperti, e chiaramente fatti rilevare gli errori, che deturpano <lb/>l’ Architettura, e tolgono il bello, ed il ſolido di eſſa, laſciando da parte <lb/>moltiſſimi fra eſſi, che per eſſer totalmente irregolari, ed un vero e patente ſconvol-<lb/>gimento, non debbonſi contare, appunto perchè chiccheſſia per tali ravviſagli; <lb/></s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4330" xml:space="preserve">quelli avendo ſcelto, che non poſſono così alla bella prima, e agevolmente rilevar-<lb/>ſi, mi reſta di avvertire la Gioventù vaga di queſt’ Arte a voler ſeriamente eſami-<lb/>nare ſimiglianti difetti, ora che ne ſono ſufficientemente avvertiti, ed illuminati, <lb/>per non inciamparvi, come quelli fanno, che all’ oſcuro camminano. </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4331" xml:space="preserve">Queſta no-<lb/>ſtra, qualunque ſiaſi fatica, potrà loro certamente ſervir di lume e di ſcorta, per-<lb/>chè ſchivando il difettoſo, ed irregolare, operino con prudenza, ed eſeguiſcano a <lb/>dovere qualunque pezzo d’ Architettura nella ſua bontà, bellezza genuina, e perſe-<lb/>zione; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4332" xml:space="preserve">conſervando quel pregio, e quella ſtima, che è dovuta ad Arte sì nobile . </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4333" xml:space="preserve"><lb/>Così io mi luſingo d’ aver cooperato al profitto dei giovani ſtudioſi con aver loro <lb/>ſpianato il ſentiero, che guida al buon gufto, ſicchè poſſa loro riuſcire agevole <lb/>qualunque impreſa, ſenza inciampare in deformità, bizzarrie, e licenze vizioſe; </s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4334" xml:space="preserve">e <lb/>poſſa altresì per tal ſicuro mezzo vederſi riſorgere l’ottima antica Architettura Gre-<lb/>ca e Romana, tanto prezzabile al Mondo tutto.</s> <s xml:id="echoid-s4335" xml:space="preserve"/> </p> </div> <div xml:id="echoid-div189" type="section" level="1" n="189"> <head xml:id="echoid-head206" xml:space="preserve">IL FINE.</head> <pb file="0250" n="250"/> <pb file="0251" n="251"/> <pb file="0252" n="252"/> <pb file="0253" n="253"/> <pb file="0254" n="254"/> <pb file="0255" n="255"/> <handwritten/> <handwritten/> <pb file="0256" n="256"/> </div></text> </echo>