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DESpecs 2.0 Autumn 2009
| author | Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 02 May 2013 11:14:40 +0200 |
| parents | 22d6a63640c6 |
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<?xml version="1.0"?> <archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" > <info> <author>Ceredi, Giuseppe</author> <title>Tre discorsi sopra il modo d'alzar aque da'luoghi bassi</title> <date>1567</date> <place>Parma</place> <translator></translator> <lang>it</lang> <cvs_file>cered_disco_021_it_1567.xml</cvs_file> <cvs_version></cvs_version> <locator>021.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> <section> <pb xlink:href="021/01/001.jpg" id="p.0001"></pb><p type="head"> <s>TRE DISCORSI <lb></lb>SOPRA IL MODO <lb></lb>D'ALZAR ACQVE <lb></lb>DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</s></p><figure id="id.021.01.001.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/001/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s>Per adacquar terreni. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Per leuar l'acque ſorgenti, & piouute dalle <expan abbr="cã-pagne">cam<lb></lb>pagne</expan>, che non poſſono naturalmente dare <lb></lb>loro il decorſo. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Per mandare l'acqua da bere alle Città, che <lb></lb>n'hanno biſogno, & per altri ſimili vſi. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Opera non piu ſtampata.</s></p><figure id="id.021.01.001.2.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/001/2.jpg"></figure><p type="head"> <s>IN PARMA, <lb></lb>Appreſſo Seth Viotti. </s> <s>1567</s></p></section><pb xlink:href="021/01/002.jpg"></pb><section><pb xlink:href="021/01/003.jpg"></pb><p type="head"> <s>ALL' ILLVSTRISSI<lb></lb>MO, ET ECCELLENTISS. <lb></lb>SIGNORE, ET PADRON MIO <lb></lb>OSSER. IL SIG. A LESSANDRO <lb></lb>FARNESE PRINCIPE DI PIA<lb></lb>CENZA, ET PARMA. &c.</s></p><figure id="id.021.01.003.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/003/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s>HO INTESO DA HVOMINI VE<lb></lb>riteuoli, Illuſtriſſimo & Eccellen <lb></lb>tiſſimo Principe, che V.E. eſſendo <lb></lb>nella Corte di Spagna, madre de <lb></lb>la vera creanza; dopo i piu graui <lb></lb>& honorati ſuoi negocij, ſi pren<lb></lb>deua molte volte grandiſſimo pia <lb></lb>cere in intendere le ragioni di <lb></lb>varij, & begli effetti mathemati<lb></lb>ci: percioche non ſolamente voleua ſapere le poſitioni, <lb></lb>che <expan abbr="appertẽgono">appertengono</expan> alla cognitione della Sfera, & dell'Aſtro <lb></lb>labio, per conto delle nauigationi de'Portugheſi, & de' <lb></lb>Caſtigliani alle prouincie ritrouate, & ſoggiogate di nuo<lb></lb>uo; delle quali è quaſi biſogno ad ognuno de i principali <lb></lb>Caualieri di quella corte ſaperne bene, & artificioſamen<lb></lb>te ragionare con quel potentiſſimo Re: ma anco cercaua <lb></lb>di conoſcere gli auiſi, che ſono di grandiſſima vtilità per <lb></lb>l'Architettura, & ſpecialmente per l'vſo de gli eſſerciti; <lb></lb>& per lo mantenimento, & diſtruggimento delle fortezze. <lb></lb></s> <s>Della qual coſa, per eſſere ella veramente degna di Prin<lb></lb>cipe magnanimo, & che gia ſicuramente ſia incaminato <lb></lb>per la ſtrada dell'honore, & della vera gloria; ne ſentì <lb></lb>quella contentezza, che ſi ſuol ſentire delle buone nuoue <pb xlink:href="021/01/004.jpg"></pb>di quei Signori, che s'amano ſinceramente. </s> <s>E'ben vero, <lb></lb>ch'io non me ne marauigliai quanto pareua, che meritaſ<lb></lb>ſe l'eſſere coſa rara, che vn Principe giouane, & per diuer<lb></lb>ſe occaſioni diuertito, & tirato a'piaceri dell'appetito; <lb></lb>vinceſſe il commune abuſo dell'ignoranza, & ſi sforzaſſe <lb></lb>d'informare l'intelletto ſuo di quelle ragioni, che molto <lb></lb>meglio ſi conuengono a gran Signori, che tante altre vane <lb></lb>occupationi; nelle quali ogni volgare potrebbe, & ſapreb<lb></lb>be goderſi aſſai ageuolmente: imperoche giudicai, che <lb></lb>cio eſſendo proprio, & quaſi naturale de'ſuoi maggiori, <lb></lb>lui faſſe ſtato poſto nell'animo dalla ſucceſſione del ſan<lb></lb>gue, col mezo di quelle impreſſioni, che da piccioli ſi ſo<lb></lb>gliono riceuere per la <expan abbr="cõſuetudine">conſuetudine</expan>, & per gli honorati ra<lb></lb>gionamenti, che tuttodì ſi ſentono. </s> <s>Che ſi ſa bene quanto <lb></lb>la felice memoria del Santiſſimo PAOLO Terzo fuſſe ot<lb></lb>timamente iſtrutta di tutte le piu nobili diſcipline: eſſen<lb></lb>do anco notiſſimo ad ognuno il gran giudicio, che hebbe <lb></lb>gia l'Illuſtriſs. di SANT'ANGELO, & che ſoglia hora ha<lb></lb>uere il prudentiſſimo Cardinal FARNESE in tutte le qui<lb></lb>ſtioni, che circa qualunque ſoggetto lui poſſono eſſere <lb></lb>propoſte. </s> <s>& per laſciare l'Auo, & il Padre; l'ottime parti <lb></lb>de'quali noi tutti per eſperienza habbiamo prouato, & <lb></lb>ogni giorno prouiamo; chi non ammira il ſopra humano <lb></lb>diſcorſo, che continuamente ha moſtrato, ſi nel gouerno <lb></lb>de gli Stati, come nelle attioni ciuili; & in ogni ſorte d'ar<lb></lb>tificioſe operationi l'Altezza della Sereniſſima ſua Ma<lb></lb>dre Madama MARGHERITA d'Auſtria; la quale per <lb></lb>queſto, oltre a qualunque altro ſegnale, fa conoſcere, che <lb></lb>ella è veramente figliuola dell'inuittiſſimo Imperadore <lb></lb>CARLO ſuo padre? </s> <s>Onde io non hebbi per marauiglio<lb></lb>ſo, benche raro effetto, che da tali alberi, & da tali radici <lb></lb>in vn'aere temperato, & in vn terreno fertile, come è la <lb></lb>Corte di Spagna, naſchino hora fiori di ſoauiſſimo odore; <lb></lb>talche nell'auenire ſi debbano aſpettare ſaporitiſſimi, & <lb></lb>pretioſiſſimi frutti. </s> <s>Mi allegrai dunque aſſai fra me ſteſ<lb></lb>ſo, & poi anco con queſta mia cariſſima patria; preueden<lb></lb>do di quanta vtilità, & di quanto ornamento queſti hone<pb xlink:href="021/01/005.jpg"></pb>ſti penſieri, & tratenimenti di Voſtra Eccellenza poteſ<lb></lb>ſero lei eſlere principaliſſima cagione: percioche ſe be<lb></lb>ne l'Illuſtriſſimo Signore il Duca ſuo padre ha gia fat<lb></lb>to quanto ſia ſtato poſſibile col fauorire ogni maniera <lb></lb>di virtuoſi, & con l'ordinare diuerſi magiſtrati, accio<lb></lb>che col mezo de'Filoſofi, & de'Mathematici ſi poſſa <lb></lb>ornare, & in molti auenimenti coſi de'coſtumi, come <lb></lb>d'altre parti, rendere ogni hora piu perfetta queſta no<lb></lb>biliſſima Città; vi reſtano tuttauia molte coſe, le quali <lb></lb>ſon ſicuro, che a poco a poco venendo opportunamen<lb></lb>te in iuce con la forza d'ambedue VV.EE. inſieme la <lb></lb>faranno piu preſto degna d'inuidia appreſſo delle mag<lb></lb>giori Città d'Italia, che ella ſia per hauere giuſta ca<lb></lb>gione d'inuidiare veruna buona conditione a qual ſi <lb></lb>voglia de gli ſtati de gli altri Principi. </s> <s>Il che tanto piu <lb></lb>fermamente ſi dè aſpettare, quanto per eſſere homai <lb></lb>dalla loro incomparabile prudenza ributtati tutti li col<lb></lb>pi dell'auerſa fortuna, che ſi lungamente, & non mai <lb></lb>meriteuolmente ha trauagliata queſta ſua Illuſtriſſi ma <lb></lb>caſa: & eſſendoui le fondamenta ſtabiliſſime del ſan<lb></lb>gue reale del grandiſſimo Re FILIPPO, col quale <lb></lb>doppiamente ſono congiunte, & incorporate; è da te<lb></lb>nere per certiſſimo, che non piu gli animi loro ſaran<lb></lb>no diuertiti in altri piu importanti, & graui penſieri; <lb></lb>& attenderanno con piu libera mente (benche ſecon<lb></lb>do che ha ſupportato il tempo non habbiano manca<lb></lb>to ſino ad hora) alla buona cura, & all'ottimo gouer<lb></lb>no de gli ſtati loro. </s> <s>Per le quali cagioni, & per mol<lb></lb>te altre per hora tralaſciate; io, che quale io mi ſia, <lb></lb>molto tempo ha ſono diuotiſſimo ſeruidore dell'Illu<lb></lb>ſtriſſimò Signore il Duca ſuo padre, ſono gia anco di<lb></lb>uenuto affettionatiſſimo a V. Ecc. </s> <s>Et perche io deſi<lb></lb>dero con qualche ſegno di ſincera, & non adulatoria <lb></lb>riuerenza baciarle humilmente le mani, & offerirmele <lb></lb>per ſeruidore in quanto s'eſtenderanno le deboli forze <lb></lb>mie; le mando hora queſto ſaggio di qualchuna di <lb></lb>quelle opere, che poſſono naſcere col mezo mio a be-<pb xlink:href="021/01/006.jpg"></pb>neficio publico: & le dono vn picciolo di quei frutti, <lb></lb>del ſapor de'quali ho gia detto, ch'ella guſtandoli ſuol <lb></lb>ſentire honeſtiſſimo piacere. </s> <s>Queſti ſono tre diſcorſi, <lb></lb>fatti da me ſopra vna machina, la quale eſſendo for<lb></lb>mata con belle ragioni mathematice, & naturali; ſpe<lb></lb>ro, che debba eſſere d'ineſtimabile vtilità a quaſi tut<lb></lb>ti gli huomini, & a tutte le prouincie: non ſolo per<lb></lb>che è atta a portare il nutrimento dell humido, quan<lb></lb>do manca loro, all'herbe de'prati, alle biade, & a tut<lb></lb>te le piante; ma anco perche potrà alzar l'acque a gli <lb></lb>eſſerciti, & alle terre murate per bere, & per diuerſi <lb></lb>altri vſi di grandiſſima commodità. </s> <s>E'vero, che que<lb></lb>ſto dono non è intieramente fatto di mio; auenga che <lb></lb>la maggior parte di lui ha hauuto origine dalla libera<lb></lb>lità, & dal fauore dell'Illuſtriſſimo ſuo padre; il quale <lb></lb>m'ha aiutato alla buona riuſcita di queſta impreſa <lb></lb>quanto poſſa magnanimo, & intendente Signore bene <lb></lb>animato, & induſtrioſo ſeruidore. </s> <s>Nulladimeno pre<lb></lb>go humilmente V. Ecc.che l'accetti da me, ſe non per <lb></lb>altro almeno perche è pure accompagnato dalla gran<lb></lb>de oſſeruanza, che ho ſempre tenuto verſo il corteſiſ<lb></lb>ſimo ſangue ſuo. </s> <s>Et poſcia che la riuerenza, & l'affet<lb></lb>tione mia ſono creature de'meriti di lei, io deſidero <lb></lb>grandemente, ch'ella ſi degni riporle nelluogo di quel<lb></lb>le coſe, delle quali ella penſa di ſeruirſi, come di par<lb></lb>te di ſua vera, & legitima poſſeſſione, o paterna here<lb></lb>dità. </s> <s>Io nell'auenire non ſarò molto ſollecito in mo<lb></lb>ſtrarmi alla preſenza di lei; perche ſo, che fra l'altre <lb></lb>ſue buone parti, ella non tiene piu conto di quel che <lb></lb>ſi conuiene, di queſte ſuperficiali cerimonie. </s> <s>Sarò pe<lb></lb>ro ſempre apparecchiato ouunque io mi ritroui, per <lb></lb>ſeruirla, & vbidirla ſe le piacerà di comandarmi, od <lb></lb>io mi ſentiro atto a fare coſa vtile, & honoreuole per <lb></lb>lei. </s> <s>In queſto mezo, per quanto mi ſarà conceſſo da <lb></lb>miei ordinarij ſtudij delle prattiche di medicina, ſot<lb></lb>to l'ombra ſua attenderò a teſſere alcune tele (s'io <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>m'inganno) d'vtiliſſime ſila: fra le quali n'è gia leua-<pb xlink:href="021/01/007.jpg"></pb>ta dall'orſaio, & accommodata al ſubbio vna quaſi fi<lb></lb>gurata alla damaſchina; in cui ſarà chiaramente diſe<lb></lb>gnato il modo, col quale ſi potranno diuidere l'alluuio <lb></lb>ni, & l'iſole de'fiumi molto piu facilmente, & con piu <lb></lb>giuſta ragione, che non è mai ſtato fatro ſino ad hora. <lb></lb></s> <s>Coſi baciandole humilmente le mani me le raccoman<lb></lb>do; ne potendo altro deſiderarle, ſolamente le deſide<lb></lb>ro buona fortuna. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Di Piacenza alli x d'Aprile. </s> <s>M D LXVII. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Di V.Illuſtriſs.Eccellenza <lb></lb>humiliſs. </s> <s>ſeruidore <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Giuſeppe Ceredi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p></section><section><pb xlink:href="021/01/008.jpg"></pb><p type="main"> <s>Nel primo diſcorſo, ſi moſtrano tutte le machine artifi<lb></lb>cioſe vſate ſino a queſti tempi pertirare l'acque in alto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et ſcoprendoſi l'imperfettione d'ognuna di loro, ſi pon<lb></lb>gono a paragone con la Chiocciola: della compoſitio<lb></lb>ne di cui ſi ſcriuono i veri precetti, tolti da diuerſi au<lb></lb>tori, & da molte ragioni mathematice, & naturali. <lb></lb></s> <s>Oue occorre anco trattare della cagioni, della forza <lb></lb>del monimento dell'acqua; & ſi fanno belle conſidera<lb></lb>tioni circa il moto perpetuo; con altre coſe degne d'eſ<lb></lb>ſere auertite. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nel ſecondo, ſi ragiona de gli iſt romenti del moto della <lb></lb>Chiocciola; & ſi pongono le proportioni de'motori a' <lb></lb>peſi, ſecondo la velocità, & tardità del moto: aggiun<lb></lb>gendouiſi molte coſe appertenenti alla ſcienza de'peſi, <lb></lb>& a quaſi tutti gli ordigni delle machine motrici. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nel terzo, ſi ſomma, & ſi ſottragge l'vtile, & il danno coſi <lb></lb>delle ſpeſe, & del guadagno; come della ſanità, & <lb></lb>dell'infirmità publica; & d'altri dubbij, che poſſono <lb></lb>ſeguire all'vſo della Chiocciola. </s> <s>Et in tutti ſi diuiſano <lb></lb>molti capi notabili, come nella tauola ſi contiene. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Con licenza de'Superiori.</s></p></section><section><pb xlink:href="021/01/009.jpg"></pb><p type="head"> <s>TAVOLA DEL PRIMO DISCORSO.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Neceſſita dell'humido, per la generatione, & man<lb></lb>tenimento delle piante, & de gli animali. </s> <s>faccia 1 <lb></lb>Animali maggiori di corpo nelle regioni humide. 1 <lb></lb>Opinione di Talete filoſofo circa i principij de'corpi <lb></lb> miſti. 1 <lb></lb>Regioni diuenute fertili per l'acque condotteui, & ter<lb></lb>re dishabitate per la troppa ſiccità. 2 <lb></lb>Diligenza vſata per hauere acque. 2 <lb></lb>Eufrate, & Tigre da lontana regione tirati a Babilonia. 2 <lb></lb>Acquedotto grandiſſimo di Semiramis. 2 <lb></lb>Canali artificioſi di pelli di toro fatti dal Re Arabo per <lb></lb> tirar l'acque de'fiumi a gli eſſerciti per la rena. 2 <lb></lb>Foſſa de'Samij di marauiglioſa grandezza. 2 <lb></lb>Oſtentatione de'Greci, & ſpecialmente de'Lacedemo<lb></lb>nij in cumular l'acque. 2 <lb></lb>Grandezza de'Romani nelle fabriche dell'acque. 2 <lb></lb>Vanità, & luſſuria de'Romani nelle fabriche dell'acque. 2 <lb></lb>Machine diuerſe ritrouate per diuerſi vſi dell'acqua. 3 <lb></lb>Modo d'alzar acqua in gran copia naſcoſto ſino a'no<lb></lb>ſtritempi. 3 <lb></lb>Cagione del commun giudicio di non poterſi alzarle <lb></lb> acque in gran quantità. 3 <lb></lb>Città diuerſe d'Europa, che hanno careſtia d'acqua <lb></lb> per bere. 4 <lb></lb>Tedeſchi hanno grandiſſimo biſogno d'alzare gran <lb></lb> quantità d'acqua, & non hanno ancora ritrouato <lb></lb> iſtromento facile per queſto vſo. 4 <lb></lb>Machine per aſciugar l'acque nelle fabriche de'ponti, <lb></lb> & de'moli de'porti. 4 <lb></lb>Magnanimità di Ceſare in nettare il fondo al Teuere. 4 <lb></lb>Ragione della fabrica della Chiocciola male interpre<lb></lb>tata da Vitruuio. 5 <lb></lb>Iſcuſatione de gli Alamani. 5 <lb></lb>Quali coſe ſieno concorſe nel Ceredi per la perfetta <lb></lb> fabrica di queſta machina. 6 <pb xlink:href="021/01/010.jpg"></pb>Arti operatrici non ſi poſſono ſaper bene, ſenza eſſer<lb></lb>citarle, & porle in prattica. 6 <lb></lb>Ariſtotele diligentiſſimo ſcrittore delle cagioni de gli <lb></lb> effetti mecanici. 6 <lb></lb>Natura è mathematica, & mecanica nell'opere ſue. 6 <lb></lb>Buona ſorte d'vn ritrouato di certi ſcritti greci di He<lb></lb>rone, di Pappo, & Dioniſodoro. 6 <lb></lb>Liberalità grandiſſima dell'Illuſtriſsimo Sig. Giouan <lb></lb> Giacomo Triuulzi. 6 <lb></lb>Liberalità incomparabile dell'Illuſtriſſimo Signore <lb></lb> il Duca Ottauio Farneſe. 7 <lb></lb>Giudicio grande dell'iſteſſo in tutte le coſe, & ſpecial<lb></lb>mente ne gli artificij mathematici. 7 <lb></lb>Quali impedimenti poſſono attrauerſarſi nell'opera<lb></lb>tioni de gli eſtetti nuoui. 7 <lb></lb>Cagione perche i buoni effetti dell'opere mathema<lb></lb>tice ſieno rari. 8 <lb></lb>Promeſſa del Ceredi. 8 <lb></lb>Mercurio eſſendo l'Iddio dell'eloquenza contra ra<lb></lb>gione ſourapoſto a'mercatanti. 9 <lb></lb>Diuiſione della materia de'preſenti diſcorſi. 9 <lb></lb>Artificio de'Pittori in naſcondere le linee di cui ſi <lb></lb> ſeruono in figurare. 9 <lb></lb>Miſura de'Geometri in dare il decorſo all'acque. 10 <lb></lb>Due modi di far caminar l'acqua in lungo ſenza <expan abbr="pẽdio">pendio</expan>. 10 <lb></lb>Vitruuio nella dottrina del decorſo dell'acque male <lb></lb> inteſo da tutti gli interpreti ſuoi. 10 <lb></lb>Il Valla Piacentino ne'ſuoi libri di Geometria <expan abbr="hauẽ">hauem</expan> do <lb></lb> traſportato molte coſe da Pappo, figura diecinoue <lb></lb> iſtromenti perfar andar l'acqua <expan abbr="ſẽpre">ſempre</expan> alla liuella. 11 <lb></lb>Auertimento vtile circa lo circolare dell'acque a mo<lb></lb>to perpetuo. 11 <lb></lb>Diuiſione delle cagioni delle machine hydraulice. 11 <lb></lb>Machina vigeſima, oltre a'diecinoue iſtromenti del <lb></lb> Valla, fatta in San Giorgio maggiore di Venetia. 11 <lb></lb>Opinione di Plinio, & d'altri Filoſofi delle cagioni <lb></lb> delle fonti. 12 <pb xlink:href="021/01/011.jpg"></pb>Giulio Ceſare Scaligero huomo arguto, ma poco pra<lb></lb>tico de gli artificij mathematici. 12 <lb></lb>Gieronimo Cardani Milaneſe mathematico, & medi<lb></lb>dico eccellentiſſimo. 12 <lb></lb>Ragione d'Archimede delle coſe, che ſtanno a galla <lb></lb> nell'acqua. 12 <lb></lb>Machina vigeſima prima d'vn Filoſofo Milaneſe vtile <lb></lb> per iſchiffare la decaduta nel decorſo dell'acque. 13 <lb></lb>Machina vigeſima ſeconda di San Pietro in Geſſa. 13 <lb></lb>Machina vigeſima terza fabricata dall'Illuſtriſs.Sig. <lb></lb> Don Fetrante Gonzaga. 13 <lb></lb>Machina xxiiij fabricata nel porto d'Ancona. 13 <lb></lb>Machina xxv commune in Alamagna. 13 <lb></lb>Machina xxvj di Liegi in Fiandra deſcritta da Michele. 13 <lb></lb>Machina xxvij ſul Reno deſcritta da vn'Alamano. 14 <lb></lb>Machina xxviij & xxix deſcritte dall'Agricola. 14 <lb></lb>Giudicio dell'vtilità di tutte le ſouradette machine. 14 <lb></lb>Machina xxx dichiarata da Mario Pellegrino. 15 <lb></lb>Machina xxxj dipinta appreſſo di Flauio Vegetio. 15 <lb></lb>Iſtromenti per alzar l'acque dalle ſentine delle naui. 15 <lb></lb>Machina xxxij deſcritta da Vitruuio. 15 <lb></lb>Machina del Giardino di Parma. 15 <lb></lb>Machina xxxiij attiſſima per cagionar fontane. 15 <lb></lb>Altro giudicio delle ſouradette machine. 16 <lb></lb>Machina xxxiiij poſta ſu l'Adige nel Veroneſe. 16 <lb></lb>Machina xxxv imperfetta, & contra la ſcienza de'peſi. 17 <lb></lb>Machina xxxvj & xxxvij poſte a Lucia Fucina. 17 <lb></lb>Machina xxxviij vtiliſſima di Paladio archit. </s> <s>famoſo. 17 <lb></lb>Alfarabio Arabo ſcrittore delle ragioni mecanice. 18 <lb></lb>Machina xxxix corretta con la ſcienza de'peſi. 18 <lb></lb>Machina xxxx di M.Carlo da Vrbino <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ancor pub. 19 <lb></lb>Modelli diuerſi di moltiſſime machine nelle ſtanze de <lb></lb> Proueditori di commune in Venetia, 19 <lb></lb>Machina del Boſſio Piacentino di qualche vtilità in <lb></lb> alcuni biſogni. 19 <lb></lb>Paragone di tutte le ſouradette machine <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> la Chioc<lb></lb>ciola ben formata. 19 <pb xlink:href="021/01/012.jpg"></pb>Cagione perche la Chiocciola non ſi ſia fabricata be<lb></lb>ne ſino a queſtitempi. 20 <lb></lb>Imperfettione delle regole di Vitruuio. 20 <lb></lb><expan abbr="Sperãza">Speranza</expan> di <expan abbr="Mõſig">Monſig</expan>. </s> <s>Barbaro di produr il moto perpetuo. 20 <lb></lb>Proua dell'imperfettione delle regole di Vitruuio. 20 <lb></lb>Vera ragione perche l'acqua ſaglia nella Chiocciola. 22 <lb></lb>Ragione d'alcuni ingegnoſi <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> la <expan abbr="ſperãza">ſperanza</expan> di M.Bar. 23 <lb></lb>Difeſa di Monſig. </s> <s>Barbaro. 25 <lb></lb>Ragione della ſmiſurata grauezza della Chioc.di Vit. 25 <lb></lb>Fondamenti ſopra li quali Monſig. </s> <s>Barbaro edificò la <lb></lb> ſperanza del moto perpetuo. 25 <lb></lb>Cagione dell'inganno del detto Monſig. </s> <s>da cui ſi ſco<lb></lb>pre l'impoſſibilità del moto perpetuo. 26 <lb></lb>Proportione del peſo, & forza dell'acqua <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> la decad. 26 <lb></lb>Differenza fra la forza de'corpi ſodi, & de'corpi li<lb></lb>quidi ſecondo Archimede. 27 <lb></lb>Ragione della forza dell'acqua nelle ruote da pale. 27 <lb></lb>Che ſi potrebbono aſſettare le ruote di gran lieua in <lb></lb> picciola decaduta, 27 <lb></lb>Proportione della decaduta <expan abbr="dẽtro">dentro</expan>, & fuora della chio. 28 <lb></lb>Eſſempio methodico per conoſcere la forza dell'ac<lb></lb>qua nelle decadute. 30 <lb></lb>Errore <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>, & di gran danno <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> le proportioni <lb></lb> del moto, & peſo in dar decaduta a'molini terragni. 31 <lb></lb>Chiocciola <expan abbr="cõpoſta">compoſta</expan> <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> grande induſtria da gli Alama. 32 <lb></lb>Roma nell'vltimo diluuio del Teuere aſciutta dalle <lb></lb> chiocchiole Alamane. 33 <lb></lb>Imperfettione della chiocciola de gli Alamani. 33 <lb></lb>Chiocciola de gli Alamani traſportata in Italia dallo <lb></lb> Illuſtriſs.Sig.Veſpaſiano Gonzaga. 33 <lb></lb>Edificio belliſſimo alla Giodecca di Venetia con le <lb></lb> chiocciole Alem fatto da M. Aleſſandro Bologneſe. 33 <lb></lb>Speranza vana, & <expan abbr="cõtra">contra</expan> la ragione di M.Aleſſandro. 33 <lb></lb>Somiglianza del polſo humano al moto ordinato nell' <lb></lb> ordigno di M.Aleſſandro. 34 <lb></lb>Regole vere, & perfette di Pappo, & di Dioniſodoro <lb></lb> autori greci per fabricare la chiocciola. 34 <pb xlink:href="021/01/013.jpg"></pb>Eſſame perche Vitruuio fuſſe imperfetto ne'precetti. 34 <lb></lb>Lode d'alcuni Architetti, che ſeguono piu preſto la ra<lb></lb>gione, che l'autorità de'Scrittori. 35 <lb></lb>Simmetria della chiocciola <expan abbr="ragioneuolmẽte">ragioneuolmente</expan> formata. 36 <lb></lb>Effetti della chiocciola <expan abbr="cõpoſta">compoſta</expan> <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> la vera ſimmetria. 37 <lb></lb>Maraniglioſo ſparagno di fatica nel mouere i corpi <lb></lb> graui, & liquidi in alto con la chiocciola. 37 <lb></lb>Ragione perche la chioc. vinca delle ſei parti le <expan abbr="cinq;">cinque</expan> <lb></lb> ogn'altra machina vſata ſino a queſti tempi. 37 <lb></lb>Effetti grandi nati dal moto delle ſpire delle quali è <lb></lb> compoſta la chiocciola. 38 <lb></lb>La natura, gli animali, & le piante ſi ſeruono del mo<lb></lb>to ſpirale per ſalire in alto. 38 <lb></lb>Archimede, & altri Filoſofi ammaeſtrati dall'opere <lb></lb> della natura, & dall'iſtinto de gli animali. 39 </s></p><p type="head"> <s>TAVOLA DEL SECONDO DISCORSO.</s></p><p type="main"><lb></lb> <s>Potenza del moto locale. 40 <lb></lb>Effetti prodotti dalla natura del moto locale. 40 <lb></lb>Forza motrice rende ſuperiore vna ſpetie d'animali <lb></lb> all'altra, & vn'huomo all'altro. 40 <lb></lb>Forza de gli eſſerciti, & dell'armate <expan abbr="pẽde">pende</expan> dal moto lo. 41 <lb></lb>Principi giudicioſi hanno in gran pregio gli ingegnie<lb></lb>ri della forza de moti locali. 41 <lb></lb>Filoſofi varij hanno trouato le ragioni di moltiplicare <lb></lb> in infinito le forze humane permouer peſi. 41 <lb></lb>Archimede Siracuſano, & opere ſue. 41 <lb></lb>Peſo marauiglioſo della Guglia di Roma, & della cu<lb></lb>pola della Rotonda di Rauenna. 42 <lb></lb>Iſtromenti diuerſi gagliardiſſimi per mouer peſi. 42 <lb></lb>Effetti ſoura humani prodotti da diuerſi Capitani col <lb></lb> mezo di varij iſtrementi mathematici. 42 <lb></lb>Trauagliata inuentione per alzar le naui ſommerſe <lb></lb> dal fondo del mare. 42 <lb></lb>Cagione perche ſi ſieno ingannati coloro, che penſa<lb></lb>rono di poter mouere la chiocciola di Vitruuio. 43 <lb></lb>Quali machine ſieno a propoſito per mouere la chioc. 44 <pb xlink:href="021/01/014.jpg"></pb>Machine motrici quanto piu hanno il moto gagliar<lb></lb>do, tanto piu l'hanno tardo. 44 <lb></lb>Proportione dell'aumento della velocità del moto al<lb></lb>la forza, con l'eſſempio particolare accommodato. 44 <lb></lb>Cagione vera dell'accreſcimento della forza nelle ma<lb></lb>chine motrici. 44 <lb></lb>Parità delle machine a moto orizontale, & a moto <lb></lb> verſo il centro del mondo. 45 <lb></lb>Ragione della gran forza, & della gran tardità delle <lb></lb> martinelle, & delle vide perpetue. 46 <lb></lb>Riota, che con vn giro ſolo cagionaua 13000 giri. 46 <lb></lb>Machina rara d'vn'horiuolo donata da Ferdinando <lb></lb> Re de'Romani a Solimano Re de'Turchi come, & <lb></lb> con qual magiſtero fuſſe fabricata. 46 <lb></lb>Iſtromento d'ineſtimabile forza, che fu gia nella roc<lb></lb>chetta del caſtello di Milano, con che arte <expan abbr="cõpoſto">compoſto</expan>. 47 <lb></lb>Errore, & ſua cagione di chi penſa cagionare gagliar<lb></lb>do, & veloce moto con la forza de'contrapeſi. 47 <lb></lb>Modello ingegnoſs.d'vn Tedeſco per fare vn molino <lb></lb> tirato contra la ſcienza, & proportione de'peſi. 48 <lb></lb>Cagione ſpecialiſſima perche molti effetti rieſcono in <lb></lb> modelli piccioli, & non ſeguono poi in opera reale. 48 <lb></lb>Promeſſe marauiglioſe, & contra le ragioni naturali, <lb></lb> & mathematice d'Abel Fulone. <lb></lb></s> <s>Abel Fulone ingegnoſiſſimo in ritrouati de'modelli. 48 <lb></lb>Il Re Franceſco grandiſſimo amatore de'virtuoſi. 48 <lb></lb>Principi per la maggior parte poco giudicioſi ne gli <lb></lb> effetti delle ſcienze. 48 <lb></lb>Statera del molino di San Nicolò del Lido proportio<lb></lb>nata alla forza del motore piu di <expan abbr="qualunq;">qualunque</expan> altra. 49 <lb></lb>Eſſempio di quattro ruote deambulatorie. 49 <lb></lb>Prima ruota da acqua gagliardiſſima. 49 <lb></lb>Seconda ruota, vſata ne gli Arzanà, & in altri luoghi. 49 <lb></lb>Terza ruota d'Alamagna <expan abbr="mẽ">men</expan> gagliarda, & imperfetta. 50 <lb></lb>Quarta ruota a torto lodata da molti architetti, per <lb></lb> eſſere la meno perfetta di tutte le deambulatorie. 50 <lb></lb>Diſcorſo dell'vtilità di queſte ruote in mouor le chioc. 51 <pb xlink:href="021/01/015.jpg"></pb>Venti forme di ruote motrici figurate dall'Agricola. 51 <lb></lb>Machine di Schemnico, & di Melibocco iu Alamagna. 51 <lb></lb>Iſtromenti diuerſi del moto viſti in Venetia nella ſala <lb></lb> de'modeili di mare. 52 <lb></lb>Lode d'vn Soriano marauiglioſo nel mouer peſi. 52 <lb></lb>Na ligli ingegnoſi da lui fabricati per leuar dal fon<lb></lb>do del mare le coſe ſommerſe. 52 <lb></lb>Egittij, & Caldei autori delle mathematice. 52 <lb></lb>Greci hanno dato buon'ordine alle coſeritrouate da <lb></lb> gli Egittij, & da'Caldei. 52 <lb></lb>Modelli belliſſimi del Ruſcelli, & lode dell'iſteſſo. 52 <lb></lb>Promeſſa del Ceredi di aumentare la forza del moto<lb></lb>re ſenza cagionare la tardità nel peſo, & ſenza eſ<lb></lb>ſere contra alla ſcienza de'peſi. 53 <lb></lb>Lodi veriſſime del molto R.P. Don Stefano Cataneo 53 <lb></lb>Aratro vtiliſſimo ritrouato da queſto Abbate. 53 <lb></lb>Diſcorſo ſopra le commodità della Chiocciola. 53 <lb></lb>Figura della cigognola trouata per mouer la chioc. 54 <lb></lb>Cagione delle piegature delle cigognole. 54 <lb></lb>Errori di molti che penſarono d'accreſcere la forza a <lb></lb> vetti con le piegature, con le ragioni loro. 55 <lb></lb>Promeſſe vane tratte da punti delle linee ſpirali. 55 <lb></lb>Cagione di detti errori, & diſſolutione delle ragioni. 55 <lb></lb>Mercurio perche adorato per l'Iddio dell'eloquenza. 56 <lb></lb>Il Ceredi tocca alcune coſe delle piegature de'vetti <lb></lb> perche alcuno non ne ha mai ſcritto in particolare. 57 <lb></lb>A quali <expan abbr="s'appertẽgono">s'appertengono</expan> l'impreſe di <expan abbr="p̨dur">produr</expan> effetti nuoui. 57 <lb></lb>Primo caſo nel quale conuengono le piegature. 58 <lb></lb>Secondo caſo in cui ſia lecito la piegatura. 58 <lb></lb>Errore primo nella piega de'vetti. 58 <lb></lb>Errore de'vetti Ted.delle viti perpetue, & de'tiratori. 59 <lb></lb>Errore de'vetti delle machine hidraulice da piſtelli. 60 <lb></lb>Inciampo di M.Ceſare Buonacaſa architetto famoſo. 60 <lb></lb>Leggierezza d'vno archit. </s> <s><expan abbr="Frãceſe">Franceſe</expan> in formare vn vette <lb></lb> per aumentare la forza a'remi delle galee. 61 <lb></lb>Granchio preſo del Fulone in correggere il detto vette. 61 <lb></lb>Errore d'vn letterato in far molini a gli Anconitani. 62 <pb xlink:href="021/01/016.jpg"></pb>Campagne de'Rauennati ſommerſe per li molini edi<lb></lb>ſicati ſul fiume. 62 <lb></lb>Cagione dell'errore detto poco ha. 63 <lb></lb>Speranza, & effetto vano di M.A. Buonaruoti <expan abbr="ĩformar">informar</expan> <lb></lb> vn vette, & vna lieua per mouere la chioc. di Vitru. 63 <lb></lb>Ragione, & eſperienza della forza della detta lieua. 64 <lb></lb>Olao Magno ſcrittore delle hiſtorie ſettentrionali. 65 <lb></lb>Cagione dell'inganno di Michel Angelo. 65 <lb></lb>Il Filandro ſcopre vn groſſo fallo del Gaetta architet. 65 <lb></lb>Claudio Tolomeo eccittò gli Academici Romani al<lb></lb>la correttione di Vitruuio. 66 <lb></lb>Ràgione, & vtilità del vette formato per dare il moto <lb></lb> alla chiocciola ben compoſta. 66 <lb></lb>Figura di tre chiocciole con vn moto ſolo. 69 <lb></lb>Figura di ſei chiocciole con duoi moti. 70 <lb></lb>Diſcorſo ſopra la proportione dell organo, che mo<lb></lb>ueſſe le chiocciole con vn cauallo. 71 <lb></lb>Promeſſa del Ceredi di volere compire di ſcriuere del<lb></lb>le proportioni de'gradi coſi delle qualità <expan abbr="elemẽtari">elementari</expan> <lb></lb> come dell altre coſe <expan abbr="appertenẽti">appertenenti</expan> all'arti operatrici. 73 <lb></lb>Figura del detto organo del cauallo. 75 <lb></lb>Eſſortatione ad iſchiffare gli iſtromenti da ruote da <lb></lb> denti, & da fuſa. 76 <lb></lb>Nicolò Tartaglia inuentore della ragione dell'equi<lb></lb>librio nella ſtatera, della quale non ragionò Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele nelle quiſtioni delle ſtatere. 76 <lb></lb>Ragione delle ruote, che ageuolano il moto col moui<lb></lb>mento dell'aere, & con l'impulſione. 76 <lb></lb>Imperfettione di tal ragione. 77 <lb></lb>Diſcordia fra Platone, & Ariſtotele nella cagione del <lb></lb> moto impulſiuo dell'aere. 77 <lb></lb>Modo di fare il moto impulſiuo piu facile. 77 <lb></lb>Figura della chiocciola aiutata dal moto della ruota. 78 <lb></lb>Alamani tengono il moto di tal ruota per la metà <lb></lb> della forza del motore. 79 <lb></lb>Il Po ſul Pia centino haueua corſo diuerſo da quello, <lb></lb> che ha hora. 79 <pb xlink:href="021/01/017.jpg"></pb>Danni che ſeguiuano dalla diuiſione dell'acque del Po. 79 <lb></lb>Galeazzo Duca di Milano liberaliſſimo in fabricare. 80 <lb></lb>Vtilità ſeguite all'vnione dell'acque del Po. 80 <lb></lb>Luogo commodo, & ſicuro per ſituare le machine, le <lb></lb> quali col corſo del fiume moueſſero le chiocciole. 81 <lb></lb>Ragione ditale commodità & ſicurezza. 81 </s></p><p type="head"> <s>TAVOLA DEL TERZO DISCORSO.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Deſiderio commune de gli huomini ne gli effetti <lb></lb> delle coſe. 83 <lb></lb>Socrate conſigliaua, che s'attendeſſe all'operationi, <lb></lb> laſciando le ſpeculationi. 83 <lb></lb>Riſpoſta argutiſlima d'vn Spartano rozzo ad vn Filo<lb></lb>ſofo Atenieſe. 83 <lb></lb>Che altro ſia il diſcorrere con ragione, altro il porre <lb></lb> i diſcorſi in eſſecutione. 84 <lb></lb>Opinione d'Ariſtotele della prattica ſenza la ſcienza, <lb></lb> & della ſcienza ſenza la prattica. 84 <lb></lb>Per qual ragione l'acqua della chiocciola habbia mag<lb></lb>gior pendio, & piu veloce corſo dell'ordinario. 85 <lb></lb>Regole de Geometri nel dare il decorſo all'acque. 85 <lb></lb>Frecetto di Vitruuio delle decadute, non oſſeruato <lb></lb> communemente. 85 <lb></lb>Nauiglio di Milano tirato con molto minore decadu<lb></lb>ta, che non inſegna Vitrunio. 85 <lb></lb>L'acqua pin veloce in corſo rieſce in molto maggiore <lb></lb> quantità, che la meno veloce nell'iſteſſo canale. 85 <lb></lb>Miſura dell'altezza delle ripe d'alcuni fiumi. 85 <lb></lb>Quanto terreno ſi ſoglia ad acquare con vn canale da <lb></lb> prato di ſeſſanta oncie Piacentine d'acqua. 85 <lb></lb>Quante volte in vn meſe ſi ſogliono adacquare i prati. 86 <lb></lb>Per quanti meſi dell anno ſi dia l'acqua a prati. 86 <lb></lb>Con quante chiocciole ſi cauerà vn canale d'acqua. 86 <lb></lb>Quanto <expan abbr="coſterãno">coſteranno</expan> gli huomini che <expan abbr="mouerãno">moueranno</expan> le chioc. 86 <lb></lb>Il terreno mediocre adacquato quanto fieno ſoglia <lb></lb> produrre in tutti e tre tagli dell'herba. 86 <pb xlink:href="021/01/018.jpg"></pb>Qual prezzo ſoglia hauere il fieno. 87 <lb></lb>Somma delle ſpeſe fatte per mouere le chiocciole, & <lb></lb> per tutta l'agricoltura de'prati. 87 <lb></lb>Che le chiocciole, oltra l'ordinario dell'altre machi<lb></lb>ne, ſono durabili. 87 <lb></lb>Che le chioc. portano poca ſpeſa in eſſere raſſettate. 87 <lb></lb>Somma del guadagno che reſta da'prati ſottratte tut<lb></lb>te le ſpeſe, & l'entrata che ſi cauaua prima. 88 <lb></lb>Diuerſi auertimenti che fanno che la chiocciola ſi puo <lb></lb> vſare in molti luoghi, & in molti modi. 88 <lb></lb>L'acqua de'fiumi trapela per le vene ſotterranee, & <lb></lb> puo tenere abondanti d'acque le foſſe cauate alla <lb></lb> liuella del fondo del fiume vicino. 89 <lb></lb>Modo Geometrico di tirare i canali dal fiume all'ar<lb></lb>gine ſenza pericolo di diſaſtro alcuno. 89 <lb></lb>Leggi municipali ſopra la fabrica de'canali. 90 <lb></lb>Somma della ſpeſa in fabricare la machina. 90 <lb></lb>Agricoltori affermano che vna maggior quantità di <lb></lb> acqua bagna piu terreno che vna minore alla pro<lb></lb>portione. 90 <lb></lb>La chiocciola ſarà a propoſito per leuare l'acque ſor<lb></lb>genti, & piouute dalle campagne, & dalle valli, che <lb></lb> per cio non ſi poſſono coltiuare. 90 <lb></lb>La chiocciola puo ſeruire per mandare l'acqua da be<lb></lb>re, & per altri vſi per Roma, per Ferrara, & per al<lb></lb>tre Città, che n'hanno biſogno. 91 <lb></lb>Campagne di riſo troppo ſpeſſe non ſi de permettere, <lb></lb> che ſi facciano in luoghi, che non ſono eſpoſti a ven<lb></lb>ti boreali. 92 <lb></lb>Aleſſandria maggiore, Rauenna, & Venetia preſer<lb></lb>uate da venti ſettentrionali. 92 <lb></lb>Pigneta maggiore di Rauenna ha nociuto aſſai alla <lb></lb> ſanità dell aere di queſta Città. 92 <lb></lb>Piacenza edificata in ſito molto ſalubre. 92 <lb></lb>Città ſignoreggiate da'venti auſtrali, abondano di <lb></lb> malatie pericoloſe. 92 <lb></lb>Vtilità dell'adacquare i prati quanto alla bontà del-<pb xlink:href="021/01/019.jpg"></pb> l'aere. 93 <lb></lb>Pioggie amare tirate da'vapori de'terreni ſecchi, ni<lb></lb>miciſſime alle piante, & a gli animali. 93 <lb></lb>Giudicio d'Heſiodo lodato per hauer tralaſciato i pre<lb></lb>cetti della ſtercoratione. 93 <lb></lb>Danno del lezzo del ledame generato dall'abondanza <lb></lb> de'prati. 94 <lb></lb>Rimedio propoſto dal Ceredi, & approuato da tre <lb></lb> collegij de'Medici, per leuare il danno del ſucco <lb></lb> putrido riceuuto ne'frutti per la ſtercoratione. 94 <lb></lb>Oppoſitione dell'Archinto fatta nel conſiglio dell'en<lb></lb>trate ſtraordinarie di Milano. 94 <lb></lb>Que è copia di prati non è abondanza di biade. 94 <lb></lb>Lodeggiano ſouente non hanno biade per tutto l'an<lb></lb>no, per la copia dell'acque, & de'prati. 94 <lb></lb>Riſolutione del ſouradetto conſiglio, & ragione d'eſſa. 95 <lb></lb>Oppoſitione fatta in Ferrara contra l'vſo della chioc. 95 <lb></lb>Riſpoſta a detta oppoſitione. 95 <lb></lb>In qual tempo dell'anno li fiumi habbiano meno ac<lb></lb>qua per ordinario. 95 <lb></lb>Cagione della copia dell'acqua ne'fiumi. 95 <lb></lb>Luogo oue hanno incominciato a lauorare le chioc<lb></lb>ciole, & a produre gli effetti diuiſati. 96 <lb></lb>Ognuno, ſe non con la ragione, almeno col ſenſo, & <lb></lb> con la proua puo conoſcere la grande vtilità del<lb></lb>la chiocciola. 96 <lb></lb>Riſpoſta di Talete Mileſio ad vno che lo biaſmaua per<lb></lb>che atrendeua alli ſtudi di filoſofia che non rendono <lb></lb> guadagno. 96 <lb></lb>Guadagno ineſtimabile fatto da Talete col mezo del<lb></lb>la filoſofia. 96 <lb></lb>Riſpoſta del Ceredia coloro che ſcherniſcono l'opere <lb></lb> mathematice. 97 </s></p><p type="head"> <s>IL FINE.</s></p></section><section><pb xlink:href="021/01/020.jpg"></pb><p type="head"> <s>ERRORI OCCORSI NELLO STAMPARE.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Facciate. Righe. Errori. Correttioni. <lb></lb> 1 21 Meleſio Mileſio <lb></lb> 2 5 Meſſagieri Meſſageti <lb></lb> 7 acquidoſo acquidoſa <lb></lb> 5 9 da huomini da buoni <lb></lb> 8 3 di Galeno & di Galeno <lb></lb> 17 ſoſtentare ſottentrare <lb></lb> 35 antichiſſima vtiliſſima <lb></lb> 9 10 viddero vollero <lb></lb> 10 5 ſcemare ſentire <lb></lb> 11 24 intentioni inuentioni <lb></lb> 13 26 hydranlice hydraulice; & coſi <expan abbr="sẽpre">sempre</expan> <lb></lb> 15 18 machinaCteſibio machina di Cteſibio. <lb></lb> 16 2 capello caſtello <lb></lb> 18 13 ſpiritali ſpirali, & coſi ſempre <lb></lb> 16 36 di tre oncie di piu di tre oncie <lb></lb> 20 31 iſperienza iſperanza <lb></lb> 27 29 aſpettare aſlettare <lb></lb> 28 20 conoſciuta conoſciuto <lb></lb> 32 23 egli poteua egli ſi poteua. <lb></lb> 35 38 ſanno fanno <lb></lb> 36 24 & leuandola eleuandola <lb></lb> 37 24 Le infermità La infermità <lb></lb> 38 25 Lenlab Leulab <lb></lb> 27 Epicidi Epicioli <lb></lb> 27 de circoli de circoli ſpirali <lb></lb> 39 10 lupilo lupulo <lb></lb> 40 11 traſmutationi traſmutationi: fra le <lb></lb> della luna quali <lb></lb> 41 7 groſſima groſliſſima <lb></lb> 47 18 capello caſtello <lb></lb> 48 15 queſta machina queſta macina <lb></lb> 56 23 dheuerne d'hauerne <lb></lb> 58 7 come ſa come fa <lb></lb> 61 4 ſtauagante ftrauagante <lb></lb> 62 1 C. ſouerchi C. ſono ſouerchi <lb></lb> 72 15 la liena la lieua <lb></lb> 81 13 cherobare cherobate, & coſi <expan abbr="sẽpre">sempre</expan> <lb></lb> 88 7 acqua, coloro acqua, a coloro <lb></lb> 34 hiouamento giouamento <lb></lb> 89 5 Ragnatella Raganella <lb></lb> 34 Agricoltura Architettura <lb></lb> 91 5 per <expan abbr="l'importãza">l'importanza</expan> per l'impotenza <lb></lb> 92 2 da proporſi da preporſi <lb></lb> 93 25 caldiſſimi bene caldiſſimi ſieno bene </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nell'vltima faccia della epiſtola nella prima riga debbe dirſi dell'or<lb></lb>ſoio, & accomandata. </s></p></section></front><body><chap><pb xlink:href="021/01/021.jpg"></pb><p type="head"> <s>DE' TRE DISCORSI SOPRA <lb></lb>IL MODO D'ALZAR ACQVE <lb></lb>DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</s></p><figure id="id.021.01.021.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/021/1.jpg"></figure><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>DISCORSO PRIMO.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>D<emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> QVANTO <emph type="italics"></emph>biſogno, & commodi<lb></lb>tà ſia ſempre ſtata l'honeſta abondan<lb></lb>za delle buone acque, non ſolamente <lb></lb>la natura iſteſſa delle coſe <expan abbr="chiaramẽte">chiaramente</expan> <lb></lb>lo moſtra; ma ne fanno anchora cer<lb></lb>tiſſima fede la gran cura, & diligen<lb></lb>za, ſi da moderni, come da gli anti<lb></lb>chi uſata in fabricare uarie ſorti d'ac<lb></lb>quedotti, & ritrouare diuerſe machi<lb></lb>ne, col mezo delle quali poteſſero godere del benificio di ſi utile, et <lb></lb>neceſſario elemento. </s> <s>Imperoche quanto a gli effetti naturali, eſ<lb></lb>ſendo l'humido ſpecialiſſima cagione, & quaſi legame dell'unione <lb></lb>di questi corpi inferiori; ne potendo alcun ſoggetto animato rice<lb></lb>uere d'altronde il nutrimento del proprio calor uitale, da cui deri<lb></lb>uano tutte l'operationi della generatione, & dell'accreſſimento, <lb></lb>& mantemmento loro; anzi uedendoſi manifestamente, che allho<lb></lb>ra ne ſegue incorrigibile diſtrugimento, & ultimo fine a tutte le ſo <lb></lb>ſtanze composte, quando lor uien meno il licore, ch'accoppia, & <lb></lb>ſtringe inſieme le diuerſe parti de gli elementi; & che porge il ci<lb></lb>bo di cui ſi paſce il calor della uita; ſiamo sforzati a confeſſare, <lb></lb>che non ſenza gran ragione quel grauissimo filoſofo Talete Mele<lb></lb>ſio fu indotto a penſare, che l'acqua fuſſe primo principio, & auto<lb></lb>re dello ſtato di queſte compoſitioni elementari. </s> <s>Et perciò quell'i<lb></lb>ſteſſi Filoſofi, che ripreſero Talete di queſta ſua opinione; afferma <lb></lb>rono poi, che dali'abondanza dell'humido ſono i peſci maggiori in <lb></lb>mare di qualunque animal di terra; & ne paeſi freddi, & humi<lb></lb>di gli huomini, i ſerpenti, & l'altre coſe animate banno corpi di<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/022.jpg" pagenum="2"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>piu gran miſura, che gli altri dell'isteſſa ſpecie in l'altre regioni. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ne fu marauiglia ſe ſcriſſe Ariſtobulo, che piu di mille terre fu<lb></lb>rono da proprij habitatori abbandonate, quando il fiume Indo <lb></lb>mandò altroue lontano dal primiero canale, il corſo dell'acque ſue: <lb></lb>& ſei Maſſageri cominciarono con maggior numero a coltiuare, <lb></lb>& a leuare dal nome di luogo diſerto la regione loro, quando aper <lb></lb>to m piu luoghi il fiume. </s> <s>Arago, la reſero acquidoſo, & aſſai me<lb></lb>no ſterile, che per auanti ſtata non era; ſimilmente quanto a gli ar<lb></lb>tiſicij di molti ſegnalati huomim di tutte le prouincie, & di tutte <lb></lb>l'età uſati per hauer copia d'acque, ſono ſtate fatte opere di ma<lb></lb>rauiglioſa conſideratione, ſi per ſomminiſtrare il douuto humore <lb></lb>alle piante, & a tutti gli animali, & per dar materia commoda a <lb></lb>diuerſe arti mecanice di potere fabricare molte coſe a biſogni del<lb></lb>la uita humana; come per hauere artiſicioſe fontane, & altri lauo <lb></lb>ri, o di honeſto piacere, o di leggiera, & uana oſtentatione. </s> <s>Per<lb></lb>cioche appreſſo de gli antichi Barbari, oltre che furono tirati con <lb></lb>incredibile trauaglio, & ſpeſa l'Eufrate, & il Tigre a Babilonia <lb></lb>da aſſai lontana regione; Semiramis anco introduſſe nella città <lb></lb>Echatana un grandiſſimo acquedotto, largo quindici piedi, per <lb></lb>un'alto monte forato nello ſpacio di uenticinque ſtadi: & il Re <lb></lb>Arabo hauendo fatto canali di pelli di toro, che ſi piegauano, lor <lb></lb>conduceua inſieme con l'eßercito per tirar l'acque da' fiumi per <lb></lb>quei luoghi aridi, & deſerti; oue egli aſpettaua Cambiſe. </s> <s>Coſi ap <lb></lb>preſſo de' Greci non fu di puoca marauiglia tenuta quella foſſa de' <lb></lb>Samij, laquale eſſendo lunga ſettanta ſtadi, era tirata per un mon<lb></lb>te alto cento uenticinque cubiti. </s> <s>Et uenne gia in Grecia a tanta <lb></lb>oſtentatione la magnificenza del mouere, & cumular l'acque; che, <lb></lb>come ſcriſſe Xenofonte, a grandi huomini di Lacedemonia era da<lb></lb>to titolo di maggior grandezza, ſe innanzi alla caſa loro, uicino <lb></lb>alle porte, haueſſero hauuto un grandiſſimo, & profondiſſimo ſta<lb></lb>gno. </s> <s>Gli Romani poi con la potenza, & grandezza loro, uinſero <lb></lb>in maniera tutte l'altre nationi in cotali ſpeſe, che non pure ſi mo<lb></lb>ſtrarono grandiſſimi per lo gran numero de gli acquedotti, de qua<lb></lb>li ci ragiona Giulio Frontino, & molti altri ſcrittori; ma ſi ſcuo<lb></lb>prirono anco per molto ambitioſi, & uani con le troppo delicate, <lb></lb>& ſontuoſe Therme, co i Laghi fatti ad uſo de'giuochi delle batta<lb></lb>glie nauali, con le Fontane di troppo diſordinata ſpeſa, & con ſimi-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/023.jpg" pagenum="3"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>li coſe, che di poco minor piacere ſenza trauaglio alcuno, ſi ſoglio<lb></lb>no ne'luoghi ſuoi ottenere da gli huomini moderati, con gli effetti <lb></lb>ſoli della madre noſtra natura. </s> <s>Et fu ſi forte il deſiderio di quei po<lb></lb>tentiſſimi Imperatori in queſt'opere dell'acque, che quaſi garreg<lb></lb>giando a pruoua l'un dell'altro, ſi sforzauano dopo le grandiſsi<lb></lb>me moli de gli acquedotti, che ancora ſi ſcoprono quaſi in tutte le <lb></lb>prouincie; hora d'aſciugar laghi, hora di mutare il corſo a'fiumi, <lb></lb>hora di cauare longhiſſime foſſe nauigabili, hora di tagliar l'Iſth<lb></lb>mo, & hora di fare altre grandiſſime coſe od utili, o uane, ſecon<lb></lb>do che la lor natura, & giudicio o buono, o reo loro inchinaua, et <lb></lb>perſuadeua: quaſi che non ſi poteſſe laſciare piu honorata, et chia<lb></lb>ra memoria della magnanimità, & potenza loro, che con ſimili, <lb></lb>o buone opere, o ſciocche oſtentationi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nelle machine anchora, le quali non con il diſcorſo naturale, <lb></lb>come le ſopradette fabriche; ma con qualche uiolenza, & artiſi<lb></lb>cio mandano, & alzano l'acque da luogo a luogo per li biſogni, o <lb></lb>commodità, o piaceri de gli huomini; & ſpecialmente per ſoueni<lb></lb>re a gli eſſerciti; ſono ſtati uiſti in tutti li tempi ingegnoſiſſimi ri<lb></lb>trouati: eſſendo che o per la ragione del non poterſi dar luogo ſen<lb></lb>za corpo, & corpo ſenza luogo; o per la ſcienza del muouer peſi, <lb></lb>o per altra induſtria (come piu di ſotto ſi uedrà) d'ageuolare il <lb></lb>moto a corpi liquidi, ſi ſiano introdotti diuerſi inſtromenti coſi da<lb></lb>gli antichi, come da i moderni; liquali oltra la uaghezza de gli <lb></lb>artificioſi effetti, ſono anco riuſciti in non poca utilità di tutti quel <lb></lb>li, che hanno conoſciuto, & uſato la bontà, & perfettione loro. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ma benche molti ſottili, & dotti huomini, Greci, Latini, & Bar <lb></lb>bari ſi ſieno lungamente affaticati con la ſcorta delle ragioni ma<lb></lb>thematiche, & naturali; & con uarie eſperienze; di porgere aiu<lb></lb>to a ſi belle, & utili impreſe; niſſuno è però mai ſtato, che ſi ſap<lb></lb>pia, ſino a'noſtri tempi, il quale habbia dato modo di leuare gran <lb></lb>quantità d'acqua, alta ſecondo il biſogno, per adacquar terreni, <lb></lb>aſciugar ualii, far macinar molini, & altre coſe ſimili, oue ſi ri<lb></lb>cerca copia d'acqua, in modo che la ſpeſa del motore, & del fabri<lb></lb>care, & mantener le machine, non ſia caduta o maggiore, o quaſi <lb></lb>pare all'utile, che puo ſeguire da tali inuentioni. </s> <s>Et ſe pure qual<lb></lb>ch'uno di quei buoni antichi Greci ha laſciato regole, con le quali <lb></lb>ſapendole alcun'huomo induſtrioſo, ſi poteſſe forſe incaminare alla<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/024.jpg" pagenum="4"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>buona riuſcita di questi effetti; elle ſono per la malignità de'tem<lb></lb>pi paſſati, & per la poca diligenza de ſcrittori meno antichi (co<lb></lb>me io farò chiaro piu da baſſo) di maniera reſtatenelle tenebre, che <lb></lb>queſti effetti ſono ſtati quaſi ſempre giudicati da molti in altro pru <lb></lb>denti huomini, per impoſſibili a porſi in reale eſſecutione. </s> <s>Il qual <lb></lb>giudicio molto maggiormente è ſtato confermato, perche ſi uede, <lb></lb>che molte grandi, & ricche città d'Europa, hanno fiumi di otti<lb></lb>me, & abbondati acque, che lor paſſano a canto; come Roma il <lb></lb>Teuere, Ferrara il Pò, Toledo in Iſpagna il Tago, & molte ter<lb></lb>re lungo al Reno, & al Danubio, & altre in altre prouincie; & <lb></lb>tuttauia non hanno mai potuto tirar l'acque di quelli dentro alle <lb></lb>proprie mura, o ſopra alle ripe, per uſo neceſſario, & commodità <lb></lb>de ſuoi cittadini: anzi con grandiſſime ſpeſe a poco a poco le fanno <lb></lb>portare a gli huomini, & a ſomari nelle ciſterne delle caſe de pri<lb></lb>uati. </s> <s>Senza che hauendo grandiſſimo biſogno gli Tedeſchi, huo<lb></lb>mini (come ognun ſa) di ſoprema eccellenza in l'opere di queste <lb></lb>ingegnoſe machine, di alzar l'acque per uſo delle minere delle qua<lb></lb>li ſono ricchiſſimi (perche hora è neceſſario aſciugar l'acque, che <lb></lb>in grandiſſima copia, & con impedimento maggior d'ogn'altro, <lb></lb>dalle uene ſotterranee, ſorgono nella caua delle mine; & hora è <lb></lb>molto commodo condurle dalle ualli, o dalle fonti piu baſſe a luo<lb></lb>ghi piu erti, oue ſi lauano i minerali) non è ancora mai ſtato da lo <lb></lb>ro poſto in opera machina alcuna, frale molte, che ſi ſon uedute, <lb></lb>la quale con la quantità dell'acqua, che leua, & con utile mag<lb></lb>gior della ſpeſa, fuſſe atta a ſodisfare a i ſopradetti biſogni d'adac<lb></lb>quar terreni, & di coſe ſimili. </s> <s>Con tutto ciò, queſti ualenti, & <lb></lb>giudicioſi huomini ſi dourebbero pur ricordare, che appreſſo di <lb></lb>molti ſcrittori, tenuti per ueriteuoli; fra i quali u'è anco Vitruuio; <lb></lb>ci è reſtata chiara memoria, come gli antichi con machine rimo<lb></lb>ueuano l'acque de'fiumi, che con la ſua grandiſſima quantità uie<lb></lb>tauano, che non ſi poteſſero gettare, & stabilire le fondamenta a <lb></lb>grandiſſimi, & fortiſſimi ponti; & come nel fabricare i moli alle <lb></lb>bocche de' porti, tirauano tutta l'acqua del mare, benche copioſiſ<lb></lb>ſima, che loro ſi faceua incontra, per impedire il lauoro incomin<lb></lb>ciato. </s> <s>Ne douriano hauerſi laſciato uſcir di mente, che Giulio <lb></lb>Ceſare, con animo ueramente magnanimo, aſciugò il Teuere per <lb></lb>nettargli il fondo, ilquale per eſſere creſciuto da pezzami, & altre<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/025.jpg" pagenum="5"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>brutezze, non ſolo non haueua il decorſo libero; ma molte fiate <lb></lb>ancora non daua il paſſaggio alle naui come auanti ſoleua, & co<lb></lb>me ſarebbe stato conueneuole. </s> <s>Dalla quale opera ſi giudica, che <lb></lb>haueſſero origine alcuni monti non piccioli di pezzami, & d'al<lb></lb>tre materie, che ancor ſi ueggono non molto diſcoſto dalle ripe di <lb></lb>traſteuere. </s> <s>Et tuttauia ſi ſa, che in queſta impreſa non fu fatto al<lb></lb>tro uaſo, o canale per dare con altra nuoua ſtrada il paſſaggio al<lb></lb>l'acque, <expan abbr="mẽtre">mentre</expan> che quaſi all'aſciutto ſi lauoraua nel letto primiero: <lb></lb>percioche è tenuto per fermo da huomini architetti (& uno d'eſ<lb></lb>ſi è l'Alberti) i quali hanno molto bene riconoſciuto il paeſe, che <lb></lb>cio non fuſſe eſſequito con altro, che con l'aiuto di diuerſe machi<lb></lb>ne, lequali alzauano il fiume ne'foßi ordinari de' campi, & a po<lb></lb>co a poco lo faceuano sboccare al mare, o nell'iſteſſo canale piu a <lb></lb>baſſo, oue ancora non ſi nettaua.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ora fra queste machine, ſon ſicurißimo, che chi leggerà atten<lb></lb>tamente queſti noſtri diſcorſi, ſi laſcierà facilmente perſuadere, che <lb></lb>la prima, & la piu utile fuſſe queſta, di cui principalmente ſiamo <lb></lb>per ragionare. </s> <s>Le uere regole della fabrica di cui inſieme con l'anti <lb></lb>chiſsimo ſuo authore, interpretate, & tradotte molto imperfetta<lb></lb>mente da Vitruuio iſteſſo, & da tutti gli altri, che dopo lui ſono <lb></lb>ſtati, per la malignità de' tempi ſono dimorate in maniera occulte, <lb></lb>che non mai perfettamente (s'io non m'inganno) ella s'è potuto fa <lb></lb>bricare ſin'a queſti tempi: ne quali mi è ſtato auiſo di hauere in mo <lb></lb>do trouato la uerità, & la piu ſoda ragione del bellißimo artificio <lb></lb>di lei, che homai non ui ſarà piu coſa da notarſi, che ui ſi debba ag<lb></lb>giungere, o permutare. </s> <s>Il che a quanto beneficio di quaſi tutte le <lb></lb>prouincie ſia per riuſcire, coloro iſteßi ne ſaranno teſtimonij, che <lb></lb>dopo qualch'anno ne ſentiranno utilità, non mai prima ne credu<lb></lb>ta ne forſe imaginata. </s> <s>Non dico io gia per questo, che i belli in<lb></lb>gegni di quelle potenti città, & delli Alamanni detti puoco ha, ſi <lb></lb>debbano notare di traſcuragine; poſcia che ſin qui non è stato lor <lb></lb>conceſſo di poter battere nello ſcopo di questo gioueuolißimo ma<lb></lb>giſtero: percioche non m'è naſcosto, che anch'eßi ſono gionti (co<lb></lb>me io dirò piu diffuſamente ſcriuendo delle ragioni della fabrica) <lb></lb>a tant'alto, & giusto ſegno, quanto ſi poteſſe da chiera sforzato <lb></lb>a ſaettare al buio, in berſaglio mobile, & in luogo ſopramodo tor <lb></lb>to, anzi a mille mani inchinato. </s> <s>Solamente poſſo con qualche ra-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/026.jpg" pagenum="6"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>gione affermare, che quaſi per accidente, & oltra ogni mio prin<lb></lb>cipal penſiero, ſono concorſe in me tutte quelle parti, che ſogliono <lb></lb>eſſere atte a partorire ſimili effetti; & di rado ſi ſono ritrouate in<lb></lb>ſieme unite in qualunque di coloro, che pure ſono ſtati auth ori di <lb></lb>moltißime, & bellißime inuentioni. </s> <s>Imperoche eſſendomi io do<lb></lb>po i miei piu graui ſtudij, ne' quali (come ſanno i nostri Piacenti<lb></lb>ni) mi ſoglio & con la mente, & con l'opere eſſercitare; traſtul<lb></lb>lato molte uolte ne' campi delle certißime demoſtrationi mathema<lb></lb>tice, hora ſimplici hora miſticate d'altre ſorti di ſcienze; & fra <lb></lb>l'altre nelle regole delle proportioni, & della ſcienza del mouer <lb></lb>peſi; mi ſouenne (il che bene è ricordato da Ariſtotele, & da Ga <lb></lb>leno) che niſſuna ſcienza, od arte, il cui ultimo fine ſia posto nel<lb></lb>l'operatione, ſi può perfettamente poſſedere; ſe chi ha appreſſo i <lb></lb>precetti di lei, non conferma lor poi con uarie eſperienze molte uol<lb></lb>te, & ſicuramente riuſcite. </s> <s>Onde deliberai di uolermi anco pi<lb></lb>gliare alquanto di piacere nel porre in reale effetto circa qualche <lb></lb>ſoggetto utile, quelle norme, che contra il ſuo uero fine, commune <lb></lb>mente ſono inteſe ſolamente in aſtratto da gli huomini ſcientiati. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et tanto maggiormente fui ſoſpinto a ciò, quanto io gia haueuo ue<lb></lb>duto chiaramente, che il grande Ariſtotele, oltra che ci haueua <lb></lb>laſciato quella diuina opera delle cagioni de gli effetti mecanici, <lb></lb>era anco con le proprie mani ſtato primiero introduttore di alcuno <lb></lb>materiale, & artificioſo inſtromento. </s> <s>Et per qual cagione ſi do<lb></lb>ueua egli ſdegnare a prenderſi honeſto diporto col porre in eſſecit<lb></lb>tione tante belle ragioni mathematice, & naturali; ſe la natura <lb></lb>iſteſſa, quaſi diuenuta mecanica, nella fabrica del mondo, & di <lb></lb>tutte le forme delle coſe, pare che a bello ſtudio ſi ſia ingegnata di <lb></lb>produrre ogn'hora piu artificioſi organi; dall'eſſempio de quali inui <lb></lb>tati noi huomini con l'aiuto del diſcorſo, & delle mani, poßiamo <lb></lb>ſoccorrere al mancamento di quelle parti nelle quali neceſſaria<lb></lb>mente ſiamo creati quaſi piu imperfetti di qualunque altro anima<lb></lb>le? </s> <s>S'aggiunſe a queſto un caſo di non picciola importanza. </s> <s>Auen<lb></lb>ga che quaſi a ſorte mifur uenduti da chi lor non conoſceua, certi <lb></lb>ſcritti di Herone, di Pappo, & di Dioniſidoro tolti dalla libraria, <lb></lb>che fu gia del dottißimo Giorgio Valla noſtro Piacentino, il quale <lb></lb>per gli meriti ſuoi inalzato dalla liberalità dell'Illuſtrißimo Si<lb></lb>gnor Giouan Giacomo Triulzi, che allhora gouernaua lo ſtato di<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/027.jpg" pagenum="7"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Milano, hebbe facultà di poter raccogliere tutti i piu degni au<lb></lb>tori Greci che dalla grecia, in quei tempi oppreſſa dalla ſua mag<lb></lb>gior rouina erano per diuerſi mezi traſportati nella nostra Italia: <lb></lb>Ne' quali ſcritti non mai ſtampati, o tradotti, che ſi ſappia; con<lb></lb>feſſo di hauere ritrouato molte coſe di quelle, ch'io ſono per di<lb></lb>re piu di ſotto, & che dopo molte poſitioni d'Euclide, d'Archime <lb></lb>de, d'Appollonio Pergeo, & di molti altri piu nuoui, che gia co<lb></lb>noſciute da chi ha uoluto, è neceſſario, che s'habbiano alla mano <lb></lb>in queſte operationi; m'hanno fatto non poco lume nel camino, <lb></lb>ch'io penſo hauer finito dello ſtabilimento di questa macchina. </s> <s>Ma <lb></lb>piu d'ogn'altra coſa mi ſermò in questo mio proponimento, & fu <lb></lb>cagione, ch'io quaſi <expan abbr="oſtinatamẽte">oſtinatamente</expan> ſia peruenuto alla ſine di queſt'o<lb></lb>pera; il fauore, & la liberalità incomparabile dell'Illuſtriſſimo, <lb></lb>& Eccellentiſſimo Duca, et Signor noſtro il Signor <emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>OTTAVIO <emph type="italics"></emph>Far <lb></lb>neſe alla cui Eccellenza hauendo io molto familiarmente, per ſua <lb></lb>gran corteſia, manifeſtato il mio diſegno; non ſolamente, per eſſe<lb></lb>re ella molto auezza alle ragioni mathematice, & ſpecialmente <lb></lb>all'appertenenti all'uſo della guerra, ne reſtò capaciſſima, & lo lo<lb></lb>dò aſſai; ma ordinò anco a ſuoi Theſorieri, liquali allhora ſi dole<lb></lb>uano, che le borſe erano quaſi uote dalle molte ſpeſe fatte per l'Illu<lb></lb>ſtriſſima Signora la Principeſſa noſtra, che mi fuſſe sborſata una <lb></lb>buona ſomma di ſcudi; con l'amto de quali ſenza molto diſcommo<lb></lb>do delle mie ſostanze, & ſenza ritirarmi ponto dalla mia princi<lb></lb>pale profeſſioni, ho potuto fabricare quaſi infiniti modelli piccioli, <lb></lb>& grandi; aggiugnendo, mutando, & leuando molte coſe, ſecon<lb></lb>do che o la conditione della materia, od il concorſo di molte cagio<lb></lb>ni lontane, et uicine; o la uarietà de' mezzi, od il grado delle pro<lb></lb>portioni, o la forza de motori, o molti altri impedimenti, che poſ<lb></lb>ſono attrauerſarſi, lo ricercauano. </s> <s>Che ſi sà bene da quei ſcientiati, <lb></lb>che pure una uolta ſi ſono dati all'operatione, che ſi numeroſo, & <lb></lb>grande è il mucchio di quelle oſſeruationi, le quali tutte a un trat<lb></lb>to biſogna hauere nella fantaſia per far naſcere qualche nuouo, & <lb></lb>importante eſſetto, che quaſi ſempre è impoſſibile aſſettarle bene <lb></lb>inſieme, et indrizzarle ſicuramente all'opera ordinata; ſe non do<lb></lb>po molti errori in uarij tempi dall'eſperienza riconoſciuti, & di <lb></lb>modo corretti co la ragione, che alla perfine ſi uenga alle uera per<lb></lb>fettion dell'arte, & alla ferma produttione dell'effetto, che s'aſpet<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/028.jpg" pagenum="8"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>taua. </s> <s>Della qual materia, perche eſſendo ella molto neceſſaria, in <lb></lb>altri mei ſcritti ne ragionerò in lungo ſecondo la ſentenza d'Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele, di Galeno; non dirò altro per hora, ſe non che per certi <lb></lb>mei particolari auiſi, & per la gran corteſia, & magnanimità <lb></lb>dell'Illuſtriſſimo mio Signore, & padrone, non è auenuto a me ciò <lb></lb>che ſuol quaſi ſempre auenire a coloro, che ſi pongono in tali ope<lb></lb>rationi. </s> <s>Imperoche gli huomini ingegnoſi che non ſono ſcientiati, <lb></lb>non fanno mai coſa buona ſe non a caſo: & non ſapendo intraccia<lb></lb>re la cagione de gli errori, che ſeguono ne ſuoi lauori, ſpauentati fi<lb></lb>nalmente dalla difficultà de' caſi ſucceſſi, laſciano l'impreſe abban<lb></lb>donate; allegando poi mille fauole, & menzogne per iſcuſarſi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Gli ſcientiati, per la maggior parte ſi contentano di ſapere in uni<lb></lb>uerſale, & di paſcerſi l'intelletto ſapendo ſolamente parlar con ra<lb></lb>gione ſenza eſperienza alcuna; Et ſe pure a qualchuno di loro uien <lb></lb>uoglia di render perfetto l'habito della mente, con la pruoua de gli <lb></lb>effetti; s'è prudente, ſi frena aſſai, conſiderando a quante ſpeſe con <lb></lb>longhiſſima pacienza lui ſia biſogno ſoſtentare, et a quali calonnie <lb></lb>del uolgo ignorante, ſe per qualche diſaſtro non ſi faceſſe bene, gli <lb></lb>ſia neceſſario a ſottoporſi. </s> <s>Ma ſe pure non oſtante ogni sbarra, <lb></lb>egli paſſa all'operatione, di rado è che ſtracco dalle ſpeſe, che tan<lb></lb>to piu paiono graui quanto piu ſono preſenti; & fatto impatiente <lb></lb>da gli errori, che ſeguono per non poterſi bene hauer l'occhio, <lb></lb>a tutte le coſe, che ſi debbono accoppiare inſieme; ultimamente non <lb></lb>ſi ritiri, & non ſi contenti d'hauer conoſciuto di quanto honore ap <lb></lb>preſſo de' buoni ſieno degni coloro, che riducono a fine qual ſi uo<lb></lb>glia dell'arti, & ritrouati utili, o commodi alla congregatione de <lb></lb>gli huomini. </s> <s>Onde eſſendo io aſſai ſicuro dalle male lingue del uul<lb></lb>go per lo fauore del Principe, ilquale pagatoſi delle mie ragioni, <lb></lb>era per difendere ogni mio fatto, ancorche ſiniſtramente riuſcito; <lb></lb>anzi non comportando la liberalità ſua, ch'io mi ſgomentaſſi per <lb></lb>qualunque ſpeſa fatta in uano nello ſtabilimento di molte eſperien<lb></lb>ze; niſſuno (come io ſtimo) haurà per coſa marauiglioſa ſe da me <lb></lb>in cui erano anco l'altre ſopradette circoſtanze, piu preſto, che da <lb></lb>ciaſcheduno altro, ſia ſtato con mio maggior piacere, che traua<lb></lb>glio quaſi ritrouata l'antichiſſima Chiocciola de gli antichi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Di questa dunque inuitato dal buon eſſempio della liberalità <lb></lb>del mio Signore, ho deliberato di uoler dare libero, & chiaro ra-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/029.jpg" pagenum="9"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>guaglio ad ogn'uno, che con qualche attentione leggerà i preſenti <lb></lb>diſcorſi: facendo aperte in maniera tutte le uere norme del com<lb></lb>porla, & raſſettarla, che ſenza ueruna difficultà ſi potrà man<lb></lb>dare, da chi che ſia, in utiliſſima eſſecutione. </s> <s>Ne uoglio che i le<lb></lb>gami dell'auaritia poſſino ſi <expan abbr="fattamẽte">fattamente</expan> nel petto mio, che i priuileg <lb></lb>gij di quaſi tutti i Principi d'Italia concedutimi per cotale indu<lb></lb>stria, mi ſieno piu gioueuoli di ciò che mi ſarà utile la ragioneuole <lb></lb>corteſia, & diſcretione di quelli, che con ſua grandiſſima utili<lb></lb>tà ſaranno per goderſene: auenga che non mi piacque mai in tut<lb></lb>to la fittione de gli antichi, li quali uiddero, che Mercurio, con <lb></lb>tutto che fuſſe l'Iddio dell'ingegno, & dell'eloquenza, haueſſe an<lb></lb>co officio d'eſſere ſopraposto alle mercatantie. </s> <s>Sia mercatante chi <lb></lb>uole de'frutti delle ſcienze, & de parti della diuina ſoſtanza del<lb></lb>l'intelletto; che a me baſterà l'eſſere in queſto diuenuto mecanico <lb></lb>alla ſembianza d'Hipocrate, Platone, Aristotele, & Galeno; <lb></lb>et coſi d'hauer fatto qualche beneficio a gli huomini d'auenire; ſen<lb></lb>za ch'io ſia tenuto mercatante col uendere, o tener naſcoſte le co<lb></lb>ſe appartenenti all'util commune, per cauarne maggior ſomma di <lb></lb>danari. </s> <s>Ma accioche io poſſa moſtrare piu chiaramente a ciaſche<lb></lb>duno la perfettione di questa Chiocciola, partirò questo mio ra<lb></lb>gionamento in tre diſcorſi: nel primo de quali diuiſerò tutte le ma<lb></lb>chine utili uſate per alzar acque sin'a queſti tempi, ponendole con <lb></lb>la Chiocciola a paragone, & darò le regole uere di fabricarla, & <lb></lb>riporla con ragione nel luogo ſuo. </s> <s>Nel ſecondo tratterò delli or<lb></lb>gani del moto di lei, oue uerrà occaſione di qualche bello, & faci<lb></lb>le auertimento circa la ſcienza del muouer peſi. </s> <s>Nel terzo uerrò <lb></lb>a ſommare, & ſottraggere l'utile, & il danno coſi della ſanità, co<lb></lb>me dell'agricoltura, che a gli Economici da l'uſo di questo inſtro<lb></lb>mento è per douer riuſcire. </s> <s>E ben uero, che quali i buoni pittori <lb></lb>nell'opere ſue gia finite, naſcondono i ponti geometrici, & le linee <lb></lb>di proſpettiua, dalle quali ſicuramente, & con arte ſono guidati <lb></lb>allo ſcoprimento della bellezza, che hanno uoluto figurare; ne ac<lb></lb>conſentono, che quelle coſe, che tuttauia lor ſono ſcorta, & ſoſte<lb></lb>gno, rendano l'opere gia stabilite men belle, & chiare a gli occhi <lb></lb>de' riguardanti; laſciando poi l'aggio a'periti di poterle compaſſa<lb></lb>re, & miſurare ad ogni arbitrio ſuo; tale io la cui principale in<lb></lb>tentione è di uoler piu preſto co'fatti giouare altrui, che con le pa-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/030.jpg" pagenum="10"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>role inſegnare, non m'allargherò molto in moſtrarele ſottili ragio <lb></lb>ni mathematice delle quali mi ſono ſeruito: ma ſolamente dicendo <lb></lb>diſtintamente quanto potrà eſſere inteſo da ogni mediocre ingegno, <lb></lb>porrò innanzi a gli occhi quei colori, & quelle ragioni, che baſte<lb></lb>ranno a far piu preſto ſcemare, che pienamente intendere il uero <lb></lb>magistero di queſto inſtromento.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>L'acqua eſſendo corpo graue, non ſi mouerà mai naturalmente <lb></lb>da luogo a luogo; ſe il ſegno, oue incomincia a mouerſi, non è <lb></lb>piu alto di quello, uerſo cui s'haurà a mouere. </s> <s>Et perciò afferma<lb></lb>no li Geometri, che ſi per la figura sferica della terra, la quale per <lb></lb>ogni mille paſſi s'alza circa diece dita; ſi anco per lo pendio, che <lb></lb>biſogna, che habbiano i corpi graui; eſſer fatti certi dall'eſperien<lb></lb>za, che ad ogni otto ſtadi ſi ricerca almeno un piede di decaduta. <lb></lb></s> <s>Con tutto ciò con uarij ingegni ſi può fare, che l'acqua ſi moua a <lb></lb>luogo, od uguale a liuella, o piu alto di quello, onde incominciò a <lb></lb>mouerſi. </s> <s>A luogo a ponto ugale ſi fa caminare in doi modi: oue<lb></lb>ro abbaſſandola prima, & poi alzandola, come ſi fa ne ponti cana <lb></lb>li, che i Lombardi chiamano Gatti; ouero alzandola prima, & <lb></lb>poi abbaſſandola, come s'uſa in quei ſioni, ch'adoprano i cuſtodi <lb></lb>delle porte della noſtra città per tirare il uino fuor delle botti al té<lb></lb>po delle uendemie. </s> <s>Il primo modo naſce dall'equilibrio del peſo del <lb></lb>l'acqua, che ſcende; al peſo di quella, che poggia: & è ſtato inſe<lb></lb>gnato da Vitruuio meglio, che da ogn altro, nell'ultimo capo del <lb></lb>ſuo ottauo libro. </s> <s>Egli ſerue per cacciare i canali pieni d'acqua ſot<lb></lb>to alle foſſe, ſotto ad altri canali, ſotto a ſtagni, per le ualli, & per <lb></lb>altri luoghi baſſi piu di quelli, oue ſi uogliono condurre; & è mol<lb></lb>to bene poſto in prattica ſul Padouano. </s> <s>Oue ho uiſto molte uolte <lb></lb>quattro, o cinque di questi acquedotti incrociati, hor con angoli <lb></lb>retti hor con acuti; l'uno ſotto all'altro, per non perdere il pendio, <lb></lb>Euero che Vitruuio al mio giudicio, non è ſtato bene inteſo dal Fi<lb></lb>landro, ne da gli altri piu celebrati ſuoi interpreti; liquali tutti <lb></lb>con una uoce dicono, che nella dottrina di Vitruuio ſempre conuie<lb></lb>ne auertire, che il luogo, al qual ſi uuole condur l'acqua, ſia piu <lb></lb>baſſa, che il luogo dal qual ſi conduce; & tuttauia da Vitruuio <lb></lb>iſteſſo ſi conoſce, per chi ben lo conſidera, che con questa ragione <lb></lb>facendo continuati canali alti, & baſſi, ſi farebbe andar l'acqua <lb></lb>ſempre alla liuella in infinito; come ancora moſtra manifeſtamen-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/031.jpg" pagenum="11"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>te l'uſo commune. </s> <s>Il ſecondo modo il quale ſegue il meto dell'aere <lb></lb>è molto ben dichiarato dal Valla noſtro Piacentino nel ſeſto libro <lb></lb>della ſua Geometria: hauendo egli in ciò traſportato molte coſe da <lb></lb>Pappo, & ſigurando da queſta iſteſſa ragione diecenoue belliſſimi, <lb></lb>& tutti diuerſi inſtromenti per mouer l'acque; con artiſicio uera<lb></lb>mente molto diletteuole, ma che non rende altro guadagno, ſe non <lb></lb>che facendo ſparagno della naturale decaduta, alza ſolamente al<lb></lb>la liuella; di maniera, che non ſarebbero utili ſe non per ſchifar di <lb></lb>forare quelli impedimenti, che ſono trapoſti fra termine, eterni<lb></lb>ne. </s> <s>Dunque di tali ordigni, perche non fanno al propoſito noſtro, <lb></lb>il quale è di uolere alzare gran quantità d'acqua di gran lunga piu <lb></lb>alta, che alla liuella, & che non è il ponto, da cui ſi moue; non di<lb></lb>rò piu di quello, che ho gia detto; quando io haurò auiſato li ſtu<lb></lb>dioſi, che ſe mai inuaghiti della bellezza di ſi ingegnoſi effetti (& <lb></lb>ſe ne ueggono molti in Murano ne' uaſi di uetro; & molti fra Te<lb></lb>deſchi ne uaſi di rame, o di ſtagno) & della dolcezza della cogni<lb></lb>tione di qualche cagione loro, ſi eccitaſſero a uoler fare qualche no <lb></lb>ua opera; non ſi laſciaſſero in conto alcuno perſuadere, che con que<lb></lb>ſtri mezi ſi poteſſero circolar l'acque a moto perpetuo, et far ſonta <lb></lb>ne, & altre coſe quaſi-eterne: come molti poco prudenti, & male <lb></lb>intendenti delle mere, & molte ragioni di questi accidenti, con ſilo <lb></lb>grauiſſimo danno, & uergogna hanno gia uoluto fare. </s> <s>Percioche <lb></lb>io loro aſſicuro, che non ſi potendo mai nelle ſopradette diecenoue <lb></lb>intentioni & in altre ſimili, andare col moto piu ad alto che alla li<lb></lb>uella; ogni ſpeſa, & ogni fatica riuſcirà lor uana, & ſlranamente <lb></lb>uergognoſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quelle machine poi che leuano le coſe liquide piu alto, che alla <lb></lb>liuella; o lo fanno perche non ſi può dar corpo ſenza luogo, o luo<lb></lb>go ſenza corpo; o per l'uno, & l'altro inſieme, o principalmente <lb></lb>con la ſcienza del mouer peſi, o per altra induſtria come dirò piu <lb></lb>diſotto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Primieramente dalla ragione, che non ſi dia corpo ſenza luo<lb></lb>go; deriuò la machina gia fatta in ſan Giorgio maggiore in Vene<lb></lb>tia, per dar l'acqua alla fonte del belliſſimo chioſtro di mezzo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Imperoche eſſendo raccolta l'acqua in una gran ciſterna, laquale <lb></lb>haueua la bocca molto alta in guiſa di canna di pozzo; erano <lb></lb>certi canaletti di piombo, che dal fondo della ciſterna conduceuano<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/032.jpg" pagenum="12"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>l'acqua in un'altra ciſterna piu alta, da cui poi con moto naturale <lb></lb>ella ſcendeua alla fontana. </s> <s>Nella canna, o bocca della ciſterna di <lb></lb>ſotto, era, un forte coperchio di legname, ilquale a ſeſta occupaua <lb></lb>giuſtamente tutto lo ſpatio della canna piena d'acqua; & eſſendo <lb></lb>ſpinto uerſo il fondo a poco a poco da un graue <expan abbr="cõtrapeſo">contrapeſo</expan> ſin'alla fi<lb></lb>ne della <expan abbr="cãna">canna</expan>; sforzaua quaſi tutta l'acqua della ciſterna baſſa, a <lb></lb>ſalir nell'altra; d'onde ſcendeua poi, & cagionaua la fonte. </s> <s>Fu <lb></lb>fatta ſecondo la ragione di Plinio, ilquale accennò nel ſuo ſecondo <lb></lb>libro, che le fonti ſorgono in cima de monti per lo gran peſo della <lb></lb>terra, laquale premendo gagliardamente l'acque, che di continuo <lb></lb>ſi raccogliono nelle cauerne ſotterranee, le caccia per diuerſe uie <lb></lb>all'erta; ſinche trouano ſtrada aperta per potere uſcire. </s> <s>Ma ue<lb></lb>ramente io moſtre rei <expan abbr="quãto">quanto</expan> queſta opinione di Plinio, & d'alcuni <lb></lb>altri naturali, ſia lontana dal uero, ſe ciò fuſſe mio proponimento <lb></lb>in questi pochi ſcritti, & ſe tal materia non fuſſe gia impreſa dal<lb></lb>l'Eccellentiſſimo Meſſer Gieronimo Cardani primo lettore di me<lb></lb>dicina nello ſtudio di Bologna, per diffenderſi da certe calunnie, & <lb></lb>da certi tiri di Giulio Ceſare Scaligero; il quale a mio giudicio ſcri<lb></lb>ue piu preſto di queſte coſe con ſtile arguto, et artificio ſo, che có buo<lb></lb>na, et ragioneuole eſperienza, ch'egli n'habbia mai uisto, o poſto <lb></lb>in eſſecutione. </s> <s>Come che ſia, questa macchina, oltra che nó può ca <lb></lb>uare gran quantità d'acqua, ha anco fra l'altre, due importantiſ<lb></lb>ſime imperfettioni. </s> <s>Vna è, che non in un medeſimo modo ſoſtiene il <lb></lb>peſo l'acqua piu profonda, & la meno profonda: Ilche <expan abbr="chiaramẽte">chiaramente</expan> <lb></lb>è dimoſtrato da Archimede nel libro delle coſe, che ſtanno a galla <lb></lb>nell'acqua; & confermato dalle naui de fiumi, lequali entrate in <lb></lb>mare con l'isteſſo peſo, non s'abbaſſano tanto ſotto l'acqua piu <lb></lb>profonda del mare, quanto faceuano nella piu baſſa de'fiumi: & <lb></lb>perciò ne ſegue, che ſe il contrapeſo ſarà giusto effetto quando ſa<lb></lb>rà quaſi uicino al fondo della canna, il medeſimo non lo potrà fare <lb></lb>quando ſarà nella cima della piu alta bocca; ſe non ui ſi trouerà <lb></lb>ſempre qualch'uno preſente, il quale lo renda piu graue, & meno <lb></lb>graue, ſecondo che piu o meno s'auicina al fondo. </s> <s>L'altra è che <lb></lb>non eſſendo poſſibile di giustamente moderare la grauezza del con <lb></lb>trapeſo, auiene ſouente, che le canne di piombo, o d'altro metallo, <lb></lb>che menano l'acqua ad alto, non poſſono riceuere tutta l'acqua, che <lb></lb>lor manda la compreſſione del peſo; ſi che ſdruſciſcono, & laſcianla<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/033.jpg" pagenum="13"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>irſene oue piu natur almente è inchinata; & forſe per tali impedi<lb></lb>menti non s'è mai uiſto, che l'effetto di queſto tuttauia ingegnoſo <lb></lb>ritrouato, ſia ſtato durabile per piu di doi o tre meſi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quaſi ſimile a queſta, quanto alla ragione ſu quella di quel filo<lb></lb>ſofo Milaneſe; il quale con prodiga, & ineſtimabile ſpeſa, oprò che <lb></lb>l'acqua con l'iſteſſo ſuo peſo paſſaua in altri canali pia baſſi, & poi <lb></lb>s'alzaua: ma quanto all'effetto ſu diuerſa; perche egli non puote <lb></lb>mai farla auanzare l'altezza della liuella: & coſi benche reſtaſſe <lb></lb>ingannato del moto perpetuo, ch'egli cercaua; guadagnò tuttauia <lb></lb>il pendio naturale dell'acqua, con piu iſpedita ſtrada, che non è <lb></lb>quella de ponti canali.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Con l'iſteſſa cagione lauora la tromba poſta in ſan Pietro in <lb></lb>Geſſa; leuando con non poca fatica, poca quantità d'acqua, & po<lb></lb>co alta. </s> <s>Pure ſatisfa aſſai bene al biſogno di quel luogo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diuerſa da queſta fu ſolaméte nella ſtatera, che la moueua, quel <lb></lb>la che gia fece fabricare l'Illuſtriſſimo Signor Don Ferrante alla <lb></lb>Gonzaga.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ne con altro fondamento leuaua l'acqua colui, che fabricò il <lb></lb>bellißimo molino nel porto d'Ancona; ſe bene la qualità del moto, <lb></lb>la quale era ſenza ſtatera alcuna, che fuſſe principalmente appeſa <lb></lb>al palo, che uolendo cagionare il uoto alzaua l'acqua, era aſſai diſ<lb></lb>ſimile, & molto faticoſa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Mafra tutte l'altre di queſta ſorte, bellißima, et utiliſſima è quel <lb></lb>la, la quale è in generale uſo di quaſi tutte le nobili città d'Ala<lb></lb>magna; & è deſcritta dall'Agricola nel ſuo ſeſto libro de metalli, <lb></lb>& dipinta alla ſettima figura delle machine hydranlice. </s> <s>Che ue<lb></lb>ramente ſe queſt'inſtromento cacciaße gran quantità d'acqua; co<lb></lb>m'è ingegnoſo, poco faticoſo, & come la manda altißima, ſareßi <lb></lb>mo liberi da ogni cura di cercare altra uia chefuſſe atta a ſeruirci <lb></lb>meglio. </s> <s>Veggala chi uole appreſſo dell'Agricola.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Raddoppiata, & triplicata di trombe con la medeſima ragione <lb></lb>è quella che in Liegi città di Fiandra, fa utilißimo effetto nel tirar <lb></lb>l'acqua del profondo, & quaſi ſotterraneo fiume, che le paſſa per <lb></lb>mezzo. </s> <s>Et ſe non fuſſe tale inſtromento, male la farebbono molti <lb></lb>di quei cittadini: per eſſere quaſi tutte l'acque di quei terreni bi<lb></lb>tuminoſe, & la terra iſteſſa cópoſta in maniera, che quaſi abbrug<lb></lb>gia al ſuoco come carboni, Michele da Liegi la dipinſe in uerſi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/034.jpg" pagenum="14"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>beroici Latini, tanto leggiadramente, & con ſi belle figure di poe<lb></lb>ſia; che mi fa qualche fiata traſecolare, penſando come ſiapoßi<lb></lb>bile, che un'huomo di natione barbaro, habbia ſpiegate coſe ſi du<lb></lb>re, & oſcure in ſua natura, con tanta facilità, & eleganza. </s> <s>Con <lb></lb>tutto ciò queſta machina baſta bene per hauer acqua da bere; ma <lb></lb>per adacquare terreni ſarebbe di niſſuno ualore: tanto piu che alla <lb></lb>puoca quantità d'acqua, che trahe, ricerca uno gagliardiſſimo <lb></lb>motore.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sul Reno ue ne fu un'altra, a ponto come queſta: ma era moſ<lb></lb>ſa dal fiume; & percio pareua in molte parti diuerſa. </s> <s>E dichiara<lb></lb>ta da uno eccellentiſſimo autore in una ſua epiſtola ſtampata in Lo<lb></lb>uania inſieme con diuerſe altre epiſtole di molti ualenti huomini <lb></lb>Tedeſchi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quelle due poi che hanno doi moti l'un ſopra l'altro; & ſono di<lb></lb>pinte, & deſcritte da Giorgio Agricola nella decima, & duode<lb></lb>cima figura delle machine hydranlice; uengono anco formate con <lb></lb>l'iſteſſa ragione: & ueramente ſono d'utilità incomparabile a ri<lb></lb>ſpetto dell'altezza, & della quantità dell'acqua tirata dall'altre: <lb></lb>ſe non fuſſe che ricercano un fiume di uelociſſimo corſo, che lor dia <lb></lb>il moto; talche alcuna uolta è biſogno ſeruirſi d'un'altra machina <lb></lb>per cacciar l'acqua adoſſo a queste, accioche ſi poſſino mouere. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>ueggono in molti luoghi delle minere di Saſſogna, & di Bauiera.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ora tutte le ſopradette machine ſarebbero inutili per adacquar <lb></lb>terreni, per la poca quantità dell'acqua, che leuano: & oltra di <lb></lb>questo la maggior parte di loro è di ſpeſa intollerabile, coſi a fa<lb></lb>bricarle, come a mantenerle: talche l'entrata dell'agricoltura non <lb></lb>le ſarebbe aſſai. </s> <s>Senza che ricercano ſi prattichi maeſtri in raſſet <lb></lb>tarle, che come gia mi diſſe l'Eccellenza dell'Illuſtriſſimo Signor <lb></lb>Duca noſtro, quando faceua fabricare la machina per la belliſſi<lb></lb>ma ſontana del giardino ſuo di Parma, queſte non ſono opere, co<lb></lb>m'egli uide per proua d'altri, che da Fiaminghi prattichiſſimi, & <lb></lb>patientiſſimi in ſimili magiſteri.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Per lo contrario, dalla ragione, che non ſi poſſa dar luogo ſen<lb></lb>za corpo, hanno hauuto origine le machine, che con le palle, & <lb></lb>con quadri attaccati alle catene, paſſano ſenza tramezzo d'aere, <lb></lb>giuſtamente per li cannoni; & mentre che eſſi ſono tirati, & uol-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/035.jpg" pagenum="15"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tati a torno dalle ruote col mezzo delle statere, moſſe o da huomi<lb></lb>ni, o da caualli; o dal corſo di qualche fiume; traggono l'acqua al <lb></lb>buco alto per onde ella rieſce poi. </s> <s>Sono in uſo aſſai per leuar l'ac<lb></lb>qua dalle fondamenta delle fabriche poſte in luoghi aquidoſi; & <lb></lb>erano anticamente di gran commodità a gli eſſerciti. </s> <s>Sono anco <lb></lb>deſcritte da Mario Pellegrino, & dipinte in cinque uarie figure <lb></lb>dal moderno Plinio nella materia minerale.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ma piu era adoprato da gli eſſerciti il Sione dritto, compo<lb></lb>ſlo con la medeſima norma: di cui ne pongono la figura il Valturio <lb></lb>nel decimo libro, & Flauio Vegetio nel ſuo libro delle machine <lb></lb>militari; E bello, & facile inſtromento, & quando non leua l'ac<lb></lb>qua piu d'un braccio, o circa: ne ſorbe grandiſſima quant ità.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sott'a queſte ſi riferiſcono tutte le canne con cui ſi uota la ſenti<lb></lb>na alle naui, & alle galee: che ſe bene uariano alquanto in<lb></lb>fra di loro, ſono tuttauia compoſte da i medeſimi principij ſopra<lb></lb>detti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Inſieme ſi compone l'una, & l'altra ragione ſopraposta, nella <lb></lb>machina Cteſibio; inſegnata, & figurata da Vitruuio: laquale <lb></lb>boggidì è ſi celebrata per ogni luogo, che pochi ſono gli huomini <lb></lb>nobili, che non ne ſappiano ragionare. </s> <s>In Milano, in Venetia, in <lb></lb>Genoua, & in Napoli, ne ſono ſtato fatte moltiſſime: & in uero <lb></lb>niſſuna caccia l'acqua piu alta di queſta; ma uuole gagliardo moto<lb></lb>re, & di rado è che paſſi un'anno a non ſi guastare, & ſpecialmen<lb></lb>te nelle linguette, & nelle cuciture delle canne. </s> <s>Pure, ſe le canne <lb></lb>ſono di bronzo, & in luogo delle linguette ui ſi pongano pallotole <lb></lb>di metallo, che giuſtamente chiudano il fondo delle canne de peſtel <lb></lb>li, durano molto piu. </s> <s>Coſi ſi crede che ſarà quella del giardino di <lb></lb>Parma, poſcia ch'è fatta con gran cura di Sua Eccellenza che n'è <lb></lb>intendentiſſima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>I mantici ancora quando leuano l'acqua alta quanto ſi uuole, ſi <lb></lb>ſeruono dell'una, & dell'altra ragione inſieme: auenga che alzan <lb></lb>doſi, & non ſi potendo riempir d'aere, ſi rienepiono d'acqua: & <lb></lb>abbaſſandoſi, chiuſa ch'è la uia ond'entra l'acqua dalla linguetta, <lb></lb>è sforzata a riuſcire per la canna dritta orizontale diſo pra. </s> <s>Si ue <lb></lb>de la figura di questa machina fatta co'mantici, nel decimo libro <lb></lb>di Roberto Valturio, oue tratta delle machine militari: ſenza <lb></lb>sb'è poſta in effetto in Milano in tre, o quattro luoghi: Et con queſta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/036.jpg" pagenum="16"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>circolaua l'acqua colui, che portaua per Italia l'anno paſſato il mo <lb></lb>dello di quel capello, in cui ſi cagionauano piu di ottanta diuerſi mo<lb></lb>ti, col moto di doi, o tre inſtromenti; benche egli non laſciaſſe ue<lb></lb>dere ſe non una ruota dentata, & un'altra difuſa. </s> <s>Imperoche co<lb></lb>m'io ben m'auidi; dalle bolle, che mandaua fuora per la cima del<lb></lb>la colonna, ch'era in mezzo della fontana, un manticetto moſſo <lb></lb>inſieme con l'altre coſe dal moto della maggior ruota, cacciaua di <lb></lb>nuouo l'acqua gia caduta a baſſo al uaſetto, ch'era in cima della <lb></lb>detta colonna. </s> <s>Et questo a mio giudicio era il piu bello artificio, <lb></lb>che fuſſe in quell'opra riguardata con tanto piacere, & maraui<lb></lb>glia dalla gente uolgare. </s> <s>Nel resto, ne per l'architettura, ne per <lb></lb>la ſcienza del mouer peſi, era riuſcibile, & buona a porſi in reale <lb></lb>effetto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Sin qui, quaſi tutte le ſopradette machine ſono uiolente, & fan <lb></lb>no forza alla natura; non tanto per lo peſo dell'acqua, che poggia <lb></lb>in alto, quanto per le troppo temute minaccie, che ogn'hora ſi le <lb></lb>fanno del luogo ſenza corpo, & del corpo ſenza luogo: & perciò <lb></lb>non è marauiglia ſe non ſono durabili, & ſe ricercano potentiſſimi <lb></lb>motori a riſpetto dell'altezza, & della quantità dell'acqua. </s> <s>Ma <lb></lb>quelle, ch'io breuemente ſcriuerò hor'hora, prima ch'io ragioni <lb></lb>della Chiocciola, non hanno altra ragione, che la ſcienza del mo<lb></lb>uer peſi; ne altro contrario, che la naturale grauezza dell'acqua; <lb></lb>onde ſono anco piu durabili, & cauano maggior quantità d'acqua <lb></lb>ad honeſta altezza data la parità nell'altre coſe, & ſono le ſotto<lb></lb>ſcritte.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Innanzi a tutte, <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> ſi può ben raſſettare in luogo commodo, <lb></lb>è utiliſſima la ruota, ch'è in uſo ſul Veroneſe nell'Adige. </s> <s>Alza <lb></lb>l'acqua ſopra qual ſi uoglia ripa in buona quantità, & è moſſa a <lb></lb>ponto nell'eſtrema circonferenza come conuiene a dare il moto ſe<lb></lb>condo la uera ragione delle ſtatere: Onde eſſendo maggiore il pe<lb></lb>ſo, che corre nell'ale deſtre, & ſiniſtre della ruota, che il peſo del<lb></lb>l'acqua alzata, & poi uerſata dalle caſette di mezzo; è facil coſa, <lb></lb>che faccia effetto di non puoca utilità. </s> <s>Nulla di meno non ſi può <lb></lb>porre ſe non in fiume di ſtabile corſo, & di ferme ripe. </s> <s>Et anco <lb></lb>nel creſcere del fiume è impedita dalla troppo abondanza dell'ac<lb></lb>qua; all'hora piu quando maggiore è il biſogno d'adacquare: cioè <lb></lb>nel principio di Giugno, per eſſerſi dileguate a piu potere le neui<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/037.jpg" pagenum="17"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>de'monti, dal che ne ſeguono le piene di quaſi tutti li fiumi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Non con ſi buona arte del peſo ſi fabrica il timpano deſcritto da <lb></lb>Vitruuio nella ſeconda parte del nono capo del decimo libro, & po<lb></lb>sto nel quarto libro fra le figure di Flauio Vegetio: percio che ſe <lb></lb>bene con le iſteſſe cagioni, & quaſi nell'iſteſſo modo, che fa la ruo<lb></lb>ta di Verona, alza, & uerſa l'acqua; ha nondimeno il principio <lb></lb>del ſuo mouimento molto uicino al centro: cioè, per lo ſpatio, che <lb></lb>puo girare un'huomo con una cigognola: il quale non s'è mai uiſto <lb></lb>che paſſi dodici oncie: onde eſſendo il raggio, alla fine di cui è poſto <lb></lb>il peſo, molto piu lungo che il raggio della cigognola, non ſolo que<lb></lb>ſta machina non è aiutata dalla ſcienza de'peſi, ma è fatta quaſi al <lb></lb>contrario.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alla qual coſa uolendo fare qualche prouedimento alcuni ſcié<lb></lb>tiati huomini, hanno piu preſto abbracciata la dottrina dell'iſteſſo <lb></lb>Vitruuio nel principio del ſouradetto nono capo del decimo libro; <lb></lb>facendo il timpano in modo, che l'acqua non reſta ſempre nella fine <lb></lb>del raggio maggiore; anzi quanto piu ſi leua, tanto piu s'auicina <lb></lb>al centro, & eſce per i colombari de'perni, non alzando piu, che <lb></lb>per la metà del diametro del timpano. </s> <s>Di piu fuora de'precetti di <lb></lb>Vitruuio, hanno anco fatto, che il raggio, oue è il motore, è al<lb></lb>quanto piu lungo, che il raggio, che riceue il peſo: ordinando un <lb></lb>cauallo, che con un giro maggiore, che il timpano non è; & con <lb></lb>una ruota dentata, che batte in una rocchetta di fuſa cacciata ſu <lb></lb>i perni; non ſolo muoue con piu facilità, ma anco aſſai uelocemen<lb></lb>te. </s> <s>Due di queſte machine ſi ueggono a Lucia Fucina ſette miglia <lb></lb>lontano da Venetia; con una delle quali, che è la minore, ſi leua <lb></lb>l'acqua, che ſorge di ſouerchio in certe campagne lauorate, & ſi <lb></lb>tragetta nella ualle uicina; con l'altra, che è la maggiore, s'alza <lb></lb>l'acqua della Brenta per mandarla oltra l'argine, che è fra la Bren<lb></lb>ta, & il mare; accioche ſe ne riempino le barche, & ſi conducano<lb></lb>alla città per uſo delle ciſterne.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ma il Paladio, Architetto in Venetia di grandiſſimo credito, <lb></lb>me ne moſtrò per ſua gran corteſia una molto eccellente, & non an<lb></lb>cor publicata; la quale gia m'era stato aſſai lodata dal Clariſſimo <lb></lb>Signor Marcantonio Barbaro fratello del Reuerendiß. & dottiſſi<lb></lb>mo eletto d'Acquilegia, a cui meritamente quei nobili Vinitiani <lb></lb>commettono il giudicio di quaſi tutte l'opere mathematice. </s> <s>Et in<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/038.jpg" pagenum="18"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nero io confeſſo, che dopo la Chiocciola fabricata nel modo, ch'io <lb></lb>diro di ſotto, queſto ſia il piu utile inſtromento di quanti ſe ne ſieno <lb></lb>fabricati ſin'ad hora per alzare acque a mediocre altezza: impe<lb></lb>roche le bocche, per onde queſto timpano riceue l'acqua, ſi piega<lb></lb>no quaſi in guiſa di lumaca uerſo il centro; cagionando, che in uno <lb></lb>iſteſſo tempo il peſo ſcendendo monti, & col ſuo piegato decorſo <lb></lb>ageuoli il moto a ſe medeſimo, ſin che giunga al mezzo, onde poi <lb></lb>rieſce per gli gia detti colombari. </s> <s>Io baueuo bene letto la deſcrit<lb></lb>tione di queſta tale machina appreſſo di Alfarabio dottiſſimo. </s> <s>Ara <lb></lb>bo nelle ſue mecanice: & anco il Caccialupi noſtro me n'haueua <lb></lb>moſtrato molto prima per coſa ſecreta un picciolo modello; ma con <lb></lb>tutto cio queſta del Paladio è molto piu perſetta; auenga che è ti<lb></lb>rata con la miſura d'Archimede de'ponti delle linee ſpiritali, delle <lb></lb>quali non ragiona Alfarabio: ſiche ſi puo fabricare & piu giuſta, <lb></lb>& piu facilmente, & con maggior ſicurezza di buon'effetto. </s> <s>tut<lb></lb>tauia io ho poi trouato, che queſto, per altro utiliſſimo iſtromento, <lb></lb>cede alla Chiocciola ſi nella quantità, & nell'altezza dell'acqua, <lb></lb>come nella forza del motore, & nel uantaggio del fabricarlo, & <lb></lb>mantenerlo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dopo i timpani, ſono state in pregio per un tempo appreſſo de' <lb></lb>metallieri le machine fatte con molte ſecchie legate alle catene, che <lb></lb>ſi uolgono con diuerſi motori ſopra duoi ſubbij; uno alto, & un baſ<lb></lb>ſo. </s> <s>Elle ſono deſcritte in un modo da Vitruuio, & dipinte in tre <lb></lb>diuerſi modi dall' Agricola nelle tre prime figure delle machine da <lb></lb>acqua del ſeſto libro de'metalli. </s> <s>hora ſi uſano poco, perche l'eſpe<lb></lb>rienza ha moſtrato, che non durano, che non alzano acqua con lo <lb></lb>iſteſſo motore al pare di molti de'ſouradetti iſtromenti, & che ſono <lb></lb>di gran ſpeſa a fabricarle, & mantenerle. </s> <s>pure quando ſi puo ſer<lb></lb>uire del corſo impetuoſo di qualche acqua, ſi potrebbono tolerare: <lb></lb>& in ogni caſo che s'haueſſero a fare (ilche pero non conſiglio ad <lb></lb>alcuno) auertiſcaſi almeno, che i ſubbij, ſoura i quali ſi uolgono le <lb></lb>catene, non habbiano molto diametro; per non incorrere nell'er<lb></lb>rore di quel Cremoneſe, che gia ne fece una, che haueua le ruote, <lb></lb>foura le quali ſi gir auano le catene; quaſi piu grandi delle ruote, <lb></lb>che dauano il moto: il che rende il peſo ſenza comparatione piu <lb></lb>graue, che non ſarebbe, ſe, come io ho detto, il ſubbio ſarà di mi<lb></lb>nore diametro.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/039.jpg" pagenum="19"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Fra le ſouradette ſi potrà riporre il ritrouato di Meſſer Carlo <lb></lb>d'Vrbino, arteſice di belliſſimo ingegno; benche ſin'ad hora non fia <lb></lb>publicamente paleſato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Molte altre machine in modelli, che non ſono mai stato poſte in <lb></lb>opera reale, ho io uiſto in diuerſi luogbi; & ſpeciamlente nelle ca<lb></lb>mere ſecrete dell' ufficio de' Proueditori di commune in Venetia: <lb></lb>oue ognuno, che ſi perſuade hauere ritrouato alcuna ingenioſa, & <lb></lb>bella coſa porta i modelli, per ottenere qualche priuilegio, ma pen <lb></lb>dono tutte dalle ragioni ſouradette. </s> <s>Et perche non hanno maggio<lb></lb>re perſettioue, o commodità dell'altre annouerate di ſopra, ſon ſi<lb></lb>curiſſimo, che reſteranno naſcoſte perpetuamente. </s> <s>Non laſcierò <lb></lb>pero di dire, che il Boſſio noſtro Piacentino gia ſe ne imaginò una, <lb></lb>che non ſi douendo leuare l'acqua molto alta, aſſai facilmente, & <lb></lb>con qualche utilità hauerebbe ſeruito in un mediocre biſogno. </s> <s>Ha<lb></lb>ueua duoi ſecchioni aſſettati in maniera in un legno torto in guiſa <lb></lb>della lettera. </s> <s>S. & fiſſo nel mezzo del luogo da cui ſi doueua cauar <lb></lb>l'acqua, che quando l'uno ſi riempiua, l'altro ſi uotaua: & coſi <lb></lb>facendo duoi moti ſino al piano del terreno, quando l'uno s'alzaua, <lb></lb>l'altro s'abbaſſaua, moueuanſi poi con una statera aſſai bene có<lb></lb>paſſata: di modo che il moto fatto da un cauallo ſarebbe ſeguito <lb></lb>aſſai facile, & ueloce.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſta hora la Chiocciola, la quale compoſta nel modo, ch'io ſo<lb></lb>no per dire, di gran lunga auanza quanti iſtromenti ſi ſieno mai <lb></lb>potuto imaginare, per leuare aſſai acqua, per farla montare a grá<lb></lb>de altezza, & per poterſi girare facilmente; pur che ui ſia ag<lb></lb>giunto l'organo del moto, di cui ſi ragionerà nel ſecondo diſcorſo: <lb></lb>di maniera, che data la parità nell'altre coſe, ſempreuincerà ogni <lb></lb>altra machina in quel partito di cui ſi uorrà fare il paragone. </s> <s>che <lb></lb>ſe qual ſi uoglia ordigno le ſarà pare in leuar l'iſteſſa quantità del<lb></lb>l'acqua, & all'iſteſſa altezza; haurà poi biſogno di molto mag<lb></lb>giori forze per poterlo mouere. </s> <s>ſe le ſarà pare nella gaglierdia del <lb></lb>motore, & nella copia dell'acqua, le cederà nell'altezza. </s> <s>& ſe <lb></lb>hauerà altezza, & motore uguale; l'acqua ſi trouerà eſſere aſſai <lb></lb>meno: imperoche una Chiocciola compoſta, come ſi uedrà, con la <lb></lb>forza d'un'huomo ſolo di mediocre lena, tira almeno dodici oncie <lb></lb>d'acqua ſecondo la miſura Piacentina (che è un quadro di tre on<lb></lb>cie nette per ogni lato) alta circa ſette braccia di dodici oncie per<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/040.jpg" pagenum="20"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>braccio, con corſo aſſai piu inchinato, & ueloce, che non ſi dà or<lb></lb>dinariamente al moto de'riui, che ci ſeruono per adacquare. </s> <s>Et un <lb></lb>cauallo che non ſia de'piu gagliardi, ne tira all'iſteſſa altezza, & <lb></lb>con l'iſteſſe circoſtanze, piu di mezo canale da prato; cioè, un <lb></lb>quadro di ſei oncie per ogni lato: al qual ſegno, & alle quali con<lb></lb>ditioni non eſſendoſi ancora mai auicinata per molto ſpatio alcuna <lb></lb>dell'altre machine; & potendo ſi queſta fabricare, & mantenere <lb></lb>con pochiſſima ſpeſa, a riſpetto dell'utile; anzi eſſendo fortiſſima, <lb></lb>& durabile in ogni ſua parte fuor della credenza d'ognuno, che <lb></lb>non l'habbia prouata; non è ſenza ragione, che ſi debbano aſpet<lb></lb>tare da lei effetti per adacquare terreni, & per altri uſi, con l'uti<lb></lb>lità grandiſſima, ch'io diuiſerò nel terzo diſcorſo. </s> <s>Aggiungeſi <lb></lb>che ogni mediocre arteſice, pur che n'habbia una fiata ſabricato <lb></lb>una ſecondo le norme, ch'io fra poco apertamente dimoſtrerò, ſarà <lb></lb>atto con non molta fatica, & ſenza commettere errore alcuno a ſa<lb></lb>bricarne, & raſſettarne quante baſteranno per li ſeruigi di mol<lb></lb>tiſſimi buomini. </s> <s>Ma ſe non è stato poſta in uſo ſino ad hora, ſono <lb></lb>ficuro, che la grande autorità di Vitruuio, il quale ſolo fra tutti li <lb></lb>ſcrittori conoſciuti n'ha trattato; & l'imperfettione delle regole, <lb></lb>ch'egli ha laſciato, ne ſieno stato ſpecialiſſima, & fortiſſima cagio<lb></lb>ne: tanto piu che coloro, che pur alla fine hanno inteſo le ſue diffi<lb></lb>cili norme, & l'hanno ridotte all'opera, ſi ſono ritrouati ingan<lb></lb>nati in molte coſe: & ſoura ogni altra, nella forza del motore, il <lb></lb>quale ui biſogna ſi gagliardo, che mi diſſe gia il Clariſſimo Signore <lb></lb>Pandolſo Contareni, che molti nobili Vinitiani, ſra'quali anc'eſſo <lb></lb>n'era uno, molte n'haueuano fabricato con effetto ſempre uano, & <lb></lb>fallace per molti riſpetti; & ſpecialmente per la grandiſſima diffi<lb></lb>cultà del mouerla, talche finalmente ognuno stracco dalle ſpeſe, <lb></lb>l'haueua laſciata, & piu preſto s'era accommodato con qualche <lb></lb>altro magiſtero. </s> <s>Per la qual coſa mi ſono aſſai marauigliato, che <lb></lb>il dottiſſimo Monſig. </s> <s>Barbaro entraſſe mai in iſperienza (come egli <lb></lb>ſcriue ne'ſuoi commentari ſopra Vitruuio) che con queſto iſtromé<lb></lb>to tirato al modo di queſto autore, facendoſi cadere l'acqua adoſſo <lb></lb>a qualche ruota fiſſa in lui medeſimo, ſi poteſſe cagionare il moto <lb></lb>perpetuo, ſi lungamente cercato in uano da tanti belliſſimi ingegni <lb></lb>& non mai ancora ritrouato. </s> <s>Abenche io ſcoprirò piu di ſotto la <lb></lb>origine di queſta ſperanza, quando io hauerò prima fatto manife-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/041.jpg" pagenum="21"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>sta l'imperſettione delle regole di Vitruuio, & rintracciata la ue<lb></lb>ra ragione dell'aſceſa dell'acqua in queſta machina: dalla qual ra<lb></lb>gione nó ſolo ſi haurà il modo di poterla fabricare, ma anco la uia <lb></lb>di conoſcere ogni granchio preſo in tal materia da chi che ſia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tre dunque ſono in ſoſtanza le regole date da Vitruuio nella <lb></lb>compoſitione di queſto iſtromento. </s> <s>La prima, che la traue del ſo<lb></lb>ſtegno di mezo, la quale nell' auenire da noi ſarà dimandata ani<lb></lb>ma, ſia groſſa tante dita, quanti piedi tutta la machina ſi uorrà far <lb></lb>lunga: il che per eſſere il piede di ſedici dita, non uuol dire altro, <lb></lb>ſe nó che debba queſt'anima eſſere ſedici uolte piu lunga, che groſ<lb></lb>ſa. </s> <s>L'altra è, che s'habbia a tirare il canale caminando per gli in<lb></lb>crociamenti de gli ottanti. </s> <s>La terza, che il canale ſi debba fare <lb></lb>alto di ſponde in maniera, che tutta la machina reſti groſſa l'otta<lb></lb>ua parte della lunghezza. </s> <s>Ora pigliſi un'anima poniamo caſo <lb></lb>groſſa mezo braccio: ella, ſecondo la prima regola, ſarà lunga <lb></lb>otto braccia: il ſuo canale, ſe ſarà ſimplice, per la ſeconda regola <lb></lb>ſarà largo diciott'oncie; ſe ſarà doppio, ſarà largo noue. </s> <s>perche <lb></lb>eſſendo la circonferenza dell'anima poco piu di diciott'oncie, gli <lb></lb>ottanti ſaranno di circa due oncie, & un quarto. </s> <s>ſi che in capo di <lb></lb>quattr'ottanti, che è tutto il pendio dell'anima, & ſono circanoue <lb></lb>oncie, ſi chiuderà il canale quando ſarò doppio. </s> <s>Per la terza re<lb></lb>gola, tutta la groſſezza dell'iſtromento ſarà un braccio. </s> <s>Pongaſi <lb></lb>coſi fabricato all'opera, & ſia la ſua eleuatione delle cinque parti <lb></lb>le tre. </s> <s>è coſa chiara, che ſarà biſogno, che entri ſotto l'acqua quá<lb></lb>to importa tutta la groſſezza ſua; & di piu tutta la larghezza <lb></lb>della bocca del canale o ſia doppio, o ſia ſimplice; altrimenti ſi uede <lb></lb>per la ragione, & per l'eſperienza, ch'egli non anderà pieno. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>perdono aduuque neceſſariamente ſotto la ſuperficie dell'acqua, <lb></lb>circa uent'oncie. </s> <s>Il reſto è ſei braccia, & quattr'oncie; le quali <lb></lb>uolendo fare un moto ſolo, alzano poco piu di tre braccia, & me<lb></lb>zo; che uolendone far duoi, conuerebbe che il uaſo, che riceueſſe <lb></lb>l'acqua del primo iſtromento, per darla al ſecondo, fuſſe almeno <lb></lb>profondo un braccio, & mezzo; & coſi leuerebbe al primo iſtro<lb></lb>mento lunghezza di quaſi tre braccia, reſtando il primo moto di <lb></lb>poco piu di due braccia: il quale pero ſarebbe molto diſſicile, ceden<lb></lb>do a molti altri de'ſoura detti iſtromenti quaſi in tutte le circoſtan<lb></lb>ze: ne ſe ui fuſſe un ſolo canale, benche piu largo, hauerebbe mol-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/042.jpg" pagenum="22"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ta acqua; per non eſſere atto a mandarla ſe non per la metà del gi<lb></lb>ro: anzi tanto meno l'alzerebbe, quanto piu ſarebbe sforzato a <lb></lb>naſconderſi ſotto l'acqua, per la larghezza ſua. </s> <s>Similmente ſe noi <lb></lb>raddoppiando la groſſezza dell'anima, uoleſſimo raddoppiare la <lb></lb>lunghezza, haureſſimo bene il uantaggio del moto di ſopra, ſe non <lb></lb>ue ne doueſſe eſſere ſe non uno; ma douendouene eſſere duoi, l'ef<lb></lb>fetto tornerebbe alla medeſima proportione; pur che non uoleſſimo <lb></lb>fare ſi lungo l'iſtromento, che baſtaſſe a tutta l'altezza intiera :<lb></lb>coſa molto strauagante, ſi per la ſmiſurata groſſezza dell'iſtro<lb></lb>mento, che non ſi potrebbe quaſi mai raſſettare a ſuo luogo, come <lb></lb>per la ſtraordinaria forza, che ui biſognerebbe a poterlo mouere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Imperoche la uera ragione, perche l'acqua in queſto ordigno ſa<lb></lb>glia in alto, non pende da altro, che dal pendio della groſſezza de <lb></lb>l'anima, dal quale il canale prende la ſua decaduta: in maniera, <lb></lb>che ſeruando la proportione, tanto ſi potrà fare il canale piu largo, <lb></lb>& che renda piu copia d'acqua, quanto ſarà maggiore il diame<lb></lb>tro dell'anima. </s> <s>onde ritrouandoſi l'acqua per lo giro del motore, <lb></lb>ſempre in luogo eleuato, è forza, che per la naturale grauezza, <lb></lb>ſempre ſcenda; & coſi correndo per la ſponda fatta co'regoli, che <lb></lb>noi chiamiamo uermi, & che le ſerue per fondo del canale; tanto <lb></lb>ſcendendo aſcenda, quanto ſarà eleuata l'anima dal punto di ſopra. <lb></lb></s> <s>E'ben uero, che ſe l'eleuatione dell'anima di giro in giro del canale <lb></lb>fuſſe maggiore, che il pendio; l'acqua non potrebbe montare. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>perche caminando le ſponde del canale per gli ottanti, & alzando <lb></lb>l'iſtromento delle cinque parti le tre, la decaduta reſta ſempre al<lb></lb>quanto maggiore, che la ſalita: quindi auiene, che l'acqua ſi uede <lb></lb>poggiare ſenza impedimento alcuno, come ſe il canale ſarà noue <lb></lb>oncie, & il pendio ſei, alzando la larghezza del canale, che uiene <lb></lb>ad eſſere lunghezza dell'iſtromento delle cinque parti le tre; la ele<lb></lb>natione ſarà poco piu di cinque oncie, & un terzo; & il pendio <lb></lb>ſarà di ſei oncie, hauendo uantaggio di honeſta decaduta in ſi bre<lb></lb>ue ſpatio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quiui dicono alcuni, che ſi uede, che l'anima detta di ſopra, <lb></lb>raddoppiata in groſſezza per raddopiarla in lughezza, haurebbe <lb></lb>tante uolte decaduta d'un braccio per un canale largo diciott'oncie, <lb></lb>& alto ſei, quanti mezi giri de'uermi entraſſero a circondarla di<lb></lb>lungo intieramente; & ſarebbe decaduta di circa dodici braccio<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/043.jpg" pagenum="23"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>in tutto; che in duoi uermi creſcono in uentiquattro. </s> <s>al moto del<lb></lb>la quale ognuno puo giudicare, che non baſterebbe la maggiore, <lb></lb>& piu gagliarda ruota, moſſa dal piu ueloce fiume, in cui ſi ſoglio<lb></lb>no fabricare molini. </s> <s>auenga che ſia biſogno, che il motore habbia <lb></lb>maggior forza in girare la machina, che l'acqua in ſcendere per ſi <lb></lb>gran pendio a moto contrario al moto di lui. </s> <s>Et a queſta coſa han<lb></lb>no anco detto, che non aucrtì il giudicioſiſſimo Monſig. </s> <s>Barbaro, <lb></lb>& s'imaginano, che ſolamente egli uedendo, che l'acqua con moto <lb></lb>naturale ſcendendo aſcendeua, & non hauendo riguardo, che il <lb></lb>moto del giro di fuora, ſia contrario al moto gagliardiſſimo della <lb></lb>decaduta di dentro; ne forſe hauendo bene conſiderata la cagione <lb></lb>dell'aſcendere dell'acqua, o ſattone egli steſſo alcuna ragioneuole <lb></lb>eſperientia, prendeſſe ſperanza di poter fare il moto perpetuo con <lb></lb>queſta machina a queſto modo formata, con la quale ne anco è poſ<lb></lb>ſibile a farlo a tempo, ſe non con uiolentiſſimo mouimento iſtranio. <lb></lb></s> <s>percioche ſecondo coſtoro, ſia come ſi uoglia la forza del motore, <lb></lb>certa coſa è, che ſempre ſarà maggiore la decaduta dell'acqua den<lb></lb>tro all'iſtromento, che quella dell' iſteſſa gia uſcita fuora. </s> <s>che ſe <lb></lb>l'anima ſarà groſſa mezo braccio, & lunga otto; la decaduta di <lb></lb>dentro ſarà circa cinque braccia, & quattr'oncie in un uerme ſolo; <lb></lb>& quella di fuora tutta non potrà eſſere piu che quattro braccia, <lb></lb>& noue oncie; & minore anco ſarebbe, ſe l'acqua batteſſe ſopra <lb></lb>qualche ruota fermata nell'iſtromento; la quale ſe fuſſe picciola, <lb></lb>hauerebbe poca leuatura, ſcemando tuttauia la decaduta quanto <lb></lb>importaſſe parte della ſua larghezza, od almeno il luogo della <lb></lb>Chioceiola oue ſi fermaſſe: ſe fuſſe grande, quanto acquiſtaſſe di le<lb></lb>uatura, tanto perderebbe nella ſceſa dell'acqua: & coſi reſterebbe <lb></lb>molto inferiore di forze al moto di dentro; ſe pure il ſito dell'altez<lb></lb>za ſua ſopportaſſe, che una ruota grande nello ſpatio di ſotto haueſ<lb></lb>ſe il paſſaggio. </s> <s>Ne gioua al giudicio di coſtoro, che ſi dica, che il <lb></lb>pendio di dentro ſi conſidera ſolamente per queſta particella, che <lb></lb>auáza l'eleuatione; che ſarebbe nella gia detta Chiocciola per ogni <lb></lb>noue oncie di lunghezza duoi terzi d'oncia, o circa: ſiche in tutta <lb></lb>lei fanno ſomma di poco piu di ſette oncie; & coſi la decaduta di <lb></lb>fuora per un ſolo canale, ſarebbe di gran lunga maggiore, & po<lb></lb>trebbe ageuolmente uincere, & sforzare il moto dell'interno pen<lb></lb>dio. </s> <s>Non gioua cio, dicono, coſa alcuna alla ſperanza del moto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/044.jpg" pagenum="24"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>perpetuo: percioche affermano, che in ogni caſo la ſceſa di ſei on<lb></lb>cie per ogni noue di lunghezza, reſta ſempre in ſuo uigore, ne ſen<lb></lb>za lei ſi cagionerebbe la ſalita. </s> <s>& ſe bene quando ella ſi conſidera <lb></lb>a riſpetto dell'eleuatione, auanza di poco; non è per queſto, che <lb></lb>non concorra ſempre tutta all'operatione: & in ogni canale l'ac<lb></lb>qua, che mentre ſi gira ſi troua nella parte di ſopra, cade per tutta <lb></lb>la ſceſa dell'anima, che è ſei oncie, ſinche di nuouo alzata torna <lb></lb>tante uolte a cadere, quanti ſono li mezi riuolgimenti de'uermi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Alle quali poſitioni io riſpondo, che forſe ſarebbeno uere, quan<lb></lb>do l'anima fuſſe fondo del canale, & li uermi fuſſero ſponda: per<lb></lb>che allhora la decaduta di mezo giro in mezo giro, ſempre ſareb<lb></lb>be quanto il diametro dell'anima. </s> <s>maſe la coſa steſſe coſi, qual <lb></lb>uantaggio hauerebbe queſto iſtromento, a riſpetto de gli altri, in <lb></lb>mandare molto piu facilmente maggior copia d'acqua? </s> <s>Se biſo<lb></lb>gnaſſe alzare tutta l'acqua, ch'egli haueſſe dentro, per ſi alta de<lb></lb>caduta in ogni ſolo canale, & poi anco che alla fine l'acqua non ſi <lb></lb>trouaſſe alta, ſe non poco piu, che la metà di lui; non ſarebbe aſſai <lb></lb>meglio ſeruirſi del piu imperfetto timpano di Vitruuio, col quale <lb></lb>data la parità dell'altezza, in cui nell'ultimo ſi troua l'acqua, ſi <lb></lb>potrebbe farne leuare l'iſteſſa quantità con aſſai minore, & piu fa<lb></lb>cile pendio? </s> <s>Tuttauia ſi uede pure con la proua, che queſto inſtro<lb></lb>mento, quando è ben compoſto, di gran lunga uince tutti gli altri <lb></lb>con le circoſtanze, ch'io diſſi poco piu di ſopra. </s> <s>Ne di queſto uti<lb></lb>liſſimo effetto n'è uera, & prima cagione altra coſa, che l'eſſere <lb></lb>l'ordine de'uermi in uece del fondo del canale, & l'eſſere l'anima <lb></lb>da un lato, & la coperta dall'altro, in luogo di ſponde: per che a <lb></lb>queſto modo il pendio di dentro ſarà ſolamente quella partieella, <lb></lb>che auanza l'eleuatione: & ſarebbe nella gia detta Chiocciola, <lb></lb>che habbia ſei oncie di dametro nell'anima, per ogni noue oncie di <lb></lb>lunghezza, circa duoi terzi d'oncia: ſiche per ogni uerme in tut<lb></lb>ta lei rendono ſomma di poco piu di ſette oncie, & in duoi uermi di <lb></lb>poco piu di quattordici. </s> <s>Con ſi poco pendio (il che non auiene in <lb></lb>qualunque altro iſtromento) l'acqua ſi troua alta piu di ſei parti di <lb></lb>piu di lui; di modo ch'egli almeno con ſei gradi di meno di forza, <lb></lb>alza l'iſteſſa quantità d'acqua all'altezza, che fanno tutte l'altre <lb></lb>machine, o con l'iſteſſa forza ne tira ſei uolte piu alla medeſima <lb></lb>eleuatione, Ragione chiariſſima oltre le ſouradette eſperienze,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/045.jpg" pagenum="25"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>che le coſe ſieno a queſto modo, è, che ſe ſi ſarà un'anima picciola <lb></lb>di quattr'oncie di diametro, pur che il uerme ſia tanto alto, che il <lb></lb>canale riccua l'iſteſſa quantità dell'acqua, non ſi mouerà per que<lb></lb>ſta cagione piu facilmente, che ſe ella ſarà alta ſei oncie, & hab<lb></lb>bia il uerme baſſo alla proportione dell'iſteſſa copia dell'acqua. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>nondimeno eſſendo la decaduta di dentro un terzo manco, doureb<lb></lb>be eſſere un terzo piu leggiera. </s> <s>Solamente ha l'anima picciola <lb></lb>qualche ſiata alcun uantaggio, per eſſere il peſo ſopra di lei alquá<lb></lb>to piu uicino al centro: perche l'anima di quattr'oncie leuerà do<lb></lb>dici oncie d'acqua con il uerme alto due oncie: ſiche la ſuperficie di <lb></lb>fuora del pondo, ſarà lontana dal centro quattr'oncie; & quella di <lb></lb>dentro due. </s> <s>ma l'anima di ſei oncie tirerà l'iſteſſe dodici oncie, col <lb></lb>uerme poco meno alto d'una oncia, & meza: onde la ſuperficie di <lb></lb>fuora del pondo ſarà diſtante dal centro piu di quattr'oncie; & <lb></lb>quella di dentro ſarà lontana almeno tre: di modo, che il peſo, <lb></lb>quando ſegua queſta ſimmetria, che non ſempre ſegue, reſterà al<lb></lb>quanto meno graue; benche non per cagione che ui ſia minore la <lb></lb>decaduta dell'anima.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ora con tutto che il pendio ſia ſi poco, & con tanto gran uan<lb></lb>taggio dentro alla Chiocciola; nulla dimeno non ſi debbiamo ma<lb></lb>rauigliare, s'ella, formata al modo di Vitruuio, ſia grauiſſima a <lb></lb>mouerſi: imperoche eſſendo huopo per alzare aſſai l'acqua, farla <lb></lb>ſmiſurata in groſſezza, accioche ſe le dia la longhezza, che reſta <lb></lb>utile, & quella che ſi perde di ſotto, & di ſopra; & coſi facendoſi <lb></lb>un canale, che porta le migliaia di libre d'acqua; non è gran coſa, <lb></lb>che ſi graue carico ricerchi potentiſſimo motore: ancorche per ogni <lb></lb>mezo giro non s'haueſſe a tirare tutta l'acqua alta ſe non un brac<lb></lb>cio: tanto piu che la groſſezza dell'anima, che conuiene hauerſi, <lb></lb>per dare la lunghezza alla machina, nuoce aſſai, rimouendo molto <lb></lb>la grauezza del carico dal centro, in cui ſi gira. </s> <s>onde ſempre re<lb></lb>ſteranno ingannati coloro, che ſeguendo le regole di Vitruuio, cre<lb></lb>deranno di poter fabricare tale iſtromento con utilità maggiore, <lb></lb>o pare a molti de'ſourapoſti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ma quanto alla ſperanza di Monſig. </s> <s>Barbaro, dico, ch'egli con <lb></lb>molto forte ragione ſi moſſe a credere, che con queſto iſtromento <lb></lb>meglio, che con ogni altro, ſi fuſſe potuto cagionare il moto perpe<lb></lb>tuo: perche mi perſuado, che un tanto huomo diſcorreſſe molto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/046.jpg" pagenum="26"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>bene ſopra le coſe dette di ſopra, del pendio di dentro, & della ca<lb></lb>duta di fuora; & ſcoprendo, che tutta l'acqua gia uſcita puo ſcen<lb></lb>dere per tutto lo ſpatio dall'altezza, a cui è stato leuata; la quale <lb></lb>è maggiore, che tutto il contrario decorſo di dentro congiunto in<lb></lb>ſieme; conchiudeſſe, che l'acqua gia uſcita poteſſe mouere la non <lb></lb>ancora uſcita, inſieme con la machina iſteſſa: percioche la machi<lb></lb>na, tolto uia il decorſo dell'acqua, ſe fuſſe bene diece uolte piu gra<lb></lb>ue, che non è, o fuſſe tutta di piombo, ſi potrebbe mouere ſu le pun<lb></lb>te de'perni con leggieriſſima fatica, a riſpetto di quella, che ui bi<lb></lb>ſogna eſſendoui il decorſo. </s> <s>ilche ſi ſarà chiaro & con l'eſperienza, <lb></lb>& con la ragione nel ſecondo diſcorſo. </s> <s>Penſo bene, che egli (tale <lb></lb>è l'uſanza di quaſi tutti gli huomini ſcientſati, & ſpetialmente di <lb></lb>quelli, che ſono occupati in coſe maggiori) non ne ueniſſe mai alla <lb></lb>proua: che quando egli ui fuſſe uenuto, come ho fatto io piu d'una <lb></lb>fiata, et in piu d'un modo; piu preſto per porre in pratica le propor<lb></lb>tioni mathematice, & per conoſcerle aſſai meglio con l'eſperienza, <lb></lb>che per altro; & haueſſe ueduto, che l'effetto aſpettato non ne fuſ<lb></lb>ſe mai potuto naſcere, hauerebbe ſenza dubbio, ſaluaudo la ſua <lb></lb>uera ragione, trouatone un'altra oppoſta, che haueſſe impedito ta<lb></lb>le operatione; o conoſcendo oue mancaua quella primiera, haue<lb></lb>rebbe piu facilmente giudicato dal uero. </s> <s>La cagione che non la<lb></lb>ſcia ſeguire queſto effetto, è, perche ſe bene l'acqua gia uſcita ha <lb></lb>maggiore decaduta, & piu alto moto, che quella, che ancora ri<lb></lb>mane dentro, non batte pero tutta in una uolta ſopra la ruota or<lb></lb>dinata per partorire il moto perpetuo; anzi ui corre di parte in <lb></lb>parte ſecondo che di mano in mano rieſce dall'iſtromento; il che nó <lb></lb>auiene dentro, oue l'acqua, che riempie tutta la lunghezza del ca<lb></lb>nale, non minore, che l'altezza della decaduta di fuora, per ogni <lb></lb>mezo giro, ſeruando l'iſteſſa quantità, tutta inſieme ſi moue nel ſuo <lb></lb>pendio. </s> <s>& è piu gagliardo il moto di mille libre d'acqua in iſpatio <lb></lb>d'un braccio a piombo, che il moto di cento libre in iſpatio di tre <lb></lb>braccia medeſimamente a piombo: poſcia che ui biſognerebbe aſ<lb></lb>ſai piu forza a tirare in alto un carico di mille libre per lo ſpatio di <lb></lb>un braccio, che il carico di cinquanta, o cento libre per lo ſpatio <lb></lb>di tre braccia. </s> <s>che ſe bene l'impeto dell'acqua quando corre quaſi <lb></lb>perpendicolarmente, puo aſſai; nondimeno tanto perde di forza, <lb></lb>per la quantità, & per lo peſo, che ſempre ſi fa minore nella deca-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/047.jpg" pagenum="27"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>duta, che s'auicina alla perpendicolare, quanto n'acquiſta dali'im<lb></lb>peto, che le s'aggiunge dalla uelocità del moto. </s> <s>& tanto muoue <lb></lb>l'acqua con poca decaduta, & poco impeto, ſeruando quaſi l'iſteſſa <lb></lb>quantità inſieme col peſo, quanto ſcemando aſſai, moue con l'im<lb></lb>peto della uelocità del corſo quaſi a piombo. </s> <s>Se una pietra, od al<lb></lb>tra materia non liquida ſi moueſſe, certo è, come moſtra Archi<lb></lb>mede, che molto maggiore ſarebbe la forza ſua, mouendoſi a linea <lb></lb>retta uerſo il centro, che mouendoſi per altro tanto ſpatio con moto <lb></lb>quaſi piano: perche la quantità ne'cor pi ſodi, & duri reſta l'iſteſ<lb></lb>ſa; & il peſo quanto piu ſi mone rettamente, diuiene ſempre piu <lb></lb>graue. </s> <s>non è coſi ne'corpi liquidi, ne'quali la quantità non reſta la <lb></lb>medeſima, con tutto che quella, che reſta, ſi faccia piu graue, & <lb></lb>meni maggiore impeto, che s'ella correſſe a moto quaſi orizontale. <lb></lb></s> <s>Onde ueggiamo ne'molini terragni, l'acqua, che prima era capita <lb></lb>da un canale grande con mediocre corſo, paſſare tutta per un pic<lb></lb>cioliſſimo canaletto con aſſai maggiore impeto, che prima: ma nó <lb></lb>stando ella raccolta inſieme, con aſſai minore grauezza, la quale <lb></lb>ſegue la quantità. </s> <s>Che ſe uorremo che la quantità, & il peſo ſie<lb></lb>no gli medeſimi, ma che habbiano biſogno di canale piu stretto, <lb></lb>& piu lungo, per la uelocità del moto; dico che la quantità, & il <lb></lb>peſo poſti a queſto modo, non ſono altro, che l'impeto: potendo tá<lb></lb>to l'uno quanto l'altro. </s> <s>di maniera che non minore ſarebbe la for-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>z<emph type="italics"></emph>a, ſe la decaduta fuſſe la metà meno alta, pur che la quantità, & <lb></lb>il peſo in ſua natura reſtaſſe maggiore, & batteſſe nelle pale della <lb></lb>ruota con maggiore larghezza del canale, & delle pale, che la ri<lb></lb>ceuono; ſe non fuſſe, che con maggiore decaduta piu ageuolmente, <lb></lb>ſecondo l'uſo commune, ſi fanno le ruote piu grandi, & di maggio<lb></lb>re leuatura, il che gioua aſſai. </s> <s>Ho detto ſecondo l'uſo commune, <lb></lb>perche da chi ſapeſſe bene la ragione, ſi potrebbono anco aſpettare <lb></lb>le ruote grandi, oue fuſſe poca decaduta. </s> <s>A benche nel moto di <lb></lb>queſto iſtromento alzandoſi egli poco, & douendoſi laſciare al<lb></lb>quanto di decaduta all'acqua gia uſcita, non ſi potrebbe acconciare <lb></lb>ruota di tanta leuatura, che baſtaſſe per farlo mouere da ſe mede<lb></lb>ſimo. </s> <s>auenga che la ruota dalla parte di ſotto non haurebbe ſpatio <lb></lb>capace per laſciarla paſſare, & finire liberamente il ſuo giro. </s> <s>Si <lb></lb>puo anco aggiungere, che ſe la Chiocciola haurà un canale ſolo, <lb></lb>non manderà l'acqua, ſe non in una parte del tempo del giro; &<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/048.jpg" pagenum="28"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quella di dentro ſi mouerà in tutto il giro, reſtando la copia che rie<lb></lb>ſce aſſai minore. </s> <s>ſe haurà duoi canali, biſognerà raddoppiare la <lb></lb>quantità, & la decaduta di dentro, & coſi raddoppiare anco la <lb></lb>forza interna.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dico di nuouo per maggior chiarezza (tal modo di replicare <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> <lb></lb>molti mezi, ogni uolta piu facili, è stato lodato, & ſouente oſſer<lb></lb>uato da Galeno nelle materie utili, oue ſia bene il diſcorrere atten<lb></lb>tamente con l'animo) che non uſceudo da una Chiocciola in un gi<lb></lb>ro, poniamo caſo piu che ſei peſi d'acqua, ella non haurà maggior <lb></lb>forza in mouere, con tre baaccia di decaduta, in longhezza di al<lb></lb>tre tre braccia, di quella che haueranno circa ſeſſantaquattro peſi, <lb></lb>che tutti in un tempo ſi mouono di dentro, con circa quatordici on<lb></lb>cie di pendio in duoi canali. </s> <s>uguale forza in ambedue queſte ac<lb></lb>que ſarebbe, ſe quella, che rieſce fuſſe tre peſi, con cinque braccia <lb></lb>di decaduta; & quella, che riman chiuſa nell'iſtromento, non fuſſe <lb></lb>ſe non quindeci peſi, con un braccio di pendio: perche ſi come di <lb></lb>fuora la decaduta creſce quattro quinti, coſi il peſo di dentro cre<lb></lb>ſcerebbe quattro quinti; & tanta è la proportione del peſo alla ca<lb></lb>duta, quanta dalla caduta al peſo; tanto acquiſtandoſi d'impeto, <lb></lb>quanto ſi perde di peſo. </s> <s>Ma è conoſciuta dal ſenſo, che l'acqua <lb></lb>contenuta dalla Chiocciola non ſolo uince di quattro quinti, ma di <lb></lb>piu aſſai quella, che rieſce per ogni giro, & che la decaduta di fuo<lb></lb>ra, quando la Chiocciola è piena, per un ſol canale (il che ſi dirà <lb></lb>nell'iſtromento de gli Alemani) o per duoi, non uince mai in piu <lb></lb>di quattro quinti, o circa il pendio di dentro. </s> <s>abenche ſi puo anco <lb></lb>con la ragione prouare, che l'acqua di dentro uinca d'aſſai piu di <lb></lb>quattro quinti quella che rieſce per ogni giro: percioche in otto <lb></lb>braccia ſono almeno piu di dieci riuolgimenti del uerme, che oc<lb></lb>cupano noue oncie di lunghezza per ciaſcheduno. </s> <s>& in un giro<lb></lb>intiero della Chiocciola, nel quale tutta l'acqua di dentro decade <lb></lb>due uolte, non ne rieſce ſe non la contenuta dell'ultimo mezo riuol<lb></lb>gimento uicino alla bocca di ſopra: adunque l'acqua di fuora con <lb></lb>qualunque impeto ſi uoglia, dandoſile la decaduta, che puo porta<lb></lb>re in lunghezza la eleuatione della Chiocciola; non uincerà mai <lb></lb>in forza quella di dentro. </s> <s>Si potrebbe ben forſe proportionare in <lb></lb>tal ſito la ruota, & la decaduta con tal lunghezza, che ſe l'acqua <lb></lb>uſciſſe continuamente per tutto il giro, pare forza haurebbe l'una<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/049.jpg" pagenum="29"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>all altra: ma non rieſce ſe non per mezo il giro. </s> <s>adunque la gia <lb></lb>uſcita reſterà ſuperata per la metà. </s> <s>Ne nuoce cio che ſi potrebbe <lb></lb>dire, che l'interno pendio di circa ſette oncie in detto iſtromento, <lb></lb>ſia per la lunghezza di otto braccia, che rendono dodici, compu<lb></lb>tati li riuolgimenti, & la decaduta di fuora, ſi poſſa fare in lun<lb></lb>ghezza di ſolamente tre, o quattro braccia; cioè, ſino al mezo de <lb></lb>la Chiocciola, o circa: imperoche non importa che la decaduta ſia <lb></lb>in maggiore lunghezza, purche quando ella ſi uorrà fare maggio<lb></lb>re in minore lunghezza, l'acqua ſia l'iſteſſa; & ſempre ui ſi troui <lb></lb>l'iſteſſa proportione di forza, per l'accreſcimento di quella, & lo <lb></lb>accorciamento di queſta. </s> <s>ſi puo fare che la lunghezza creſca, & <lb></lb>la decaduta ſcemi: che la decaduta creſca, & la lunghezza ſcemi <lb></lb>quanto ſi uuole, che ſempre reſterà l'iſteſſa forza nell'iſteſſa quan<lb></lb>tità d'acqua. </s> <s>Quanto l'acqua andrà piu ueloce, per eſſere accre<lb></lb>ſciuto il pendio, & ſcemata la lunghezza, tanto piu ſarà impe<lb></lb>tuoſa; benche minore in quantità, & capita da piu stretto, & me<lb></lb>no alto canale ſempre alla proportione; tanto perdendo della gra<lb></lb>uezza, & quantità ſua naturale nell'iſteſſa lunghezza, quanto <lb></lb>n'acquiſta per la uelocità, &, come dicono i Geometri, per lo ſito. <lb></lb></s> <s>All'oppoſito quanto l'acqua andrà piu tarda per eſſerſi accreſciuta <lb></lb>la lunghezza, & alzato il pendio; tanto l'acqua laſcierà dell'im<lb></lb>peto, & del peſo ſecondo il ſito, stagnando in ſe steſſa: ma haurà <lb></lb>biſogno di piu alto, & lungo canale, che capiſca la ſua naturale <lb></lb>quantità, & grauezza, la quale reſta piu unita.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Belliſſima è ueramente queſta ſpeculatione, da cui pende in gran <lb></lb>parte la ragione di tutti li moti, che ſi poſſono fare con la forza de <lb></lb>l'acqua, & da cui ottimamente ſi puo leuare dall'animo di molti il <lb></lb>ſopra humano deſiderio di uolere fare il moto perpetuo; il quale il <lb></lb>grande I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>DDIO <emph type="italics"></emph>non ha uoluto ordinare ne i cieli iſteſſi, che pur <lb></lb>ſono tenuti eterni per lo loro mouimento eterno, ſenza aggiunger<lb></lb>ui un motore, che anco eſſo ſia eterno, diuerſo dalla ſoſtanza loro. <lb></lb></s> <s>Abenche dunque la caduta di ſette oncie di tutta l'acqua di dentro <lb></lb>ſia in iſpatio di dodici braccia di lunghezza, non ſarà pero mai <lb></lb>sforzata da quella di fuora, ſe bene sboccaſſe continuamente, & <lb></lb>fuſſe in quanto minore lunghezza, & piu alto pendio ſi uoglia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non è gia molto difficile ad imaginarſi, & intenderſi queſto per ue <lb></lb>ro da chi è alquanto eſſercitato nelle proportioni mathematice, &<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/050.jpg" pagenum="30"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>geometrice. </s> <s>tutta uia perpiu facilità, & perche ſarà utile ad infi<lb></lb>nite opere, col modo che ſogliono Platone, & Galeno; porremo <lb></lb>con tal methodo un'eſſempio tolto dalla natura iſteſſa del ſoggetto <lb></lb>di cui ſi ragiona; che quaſi ſempre egli ſarà in uece di ragione de<lb></lb>moſtratiua. </s> <s>Sia un canale di larghzza di otto braccia, & hab<lb></lb>bia l'acqua alta poniamo caſo ſei oncie. </s> <s>habbia una caduta di ſette <lb></lb>oncie, con lunghezza di noue oncie. </s> <s>haurà poniamo caſo quattro <lb></lb>gradi di forza. </s> <s>stringaſi dopo queſta decaduta, la larghezza del <lb></lb>canale a poco a poco alla duodecima parte di lui; di modo, che la <lb></lb>bocca di ſotto ſia otto oncie, ſeruando la medeſima altezza. </s> <s>ma ſe <lb></lb>gli dia dodici uolte tanta decaduta in dodici uolte tanta lunghez<lb></lb>za, quanta haueua prima; che ſarà ottanta quattr'oncie di deca<lb></lb>duta, in lunghezza di cento otto oncie. </s> <s>coſi il canale della deca<lb></lb>duta nel cominciare ſarà otto braccia, nel finire otto oncie; quaſi <lb></lb>in figura d'un triangolo equilatero, la cui baſi ſia otto braccia, gli <lb></lb>lati noue, inchinati per ottanta quattro oncie. </s> <s>Allhora dico, che <lb></lb>l'acqua uſcirà tutta alta come prima per lo canale coſi riſtretto, nó <lb></lb>rigorgando mai in dietro; & haurà tanta forza ne piu ne meno <lb></lb>nel fondo del canale piu stretto, con l'impeto, & la uelocità; ſe <lb></lb>bene la quantità iui ſarà ſcemata; quanta n'haueua prima nella <lb></lb>fine della larga, & poca decaduta di ſette oncie; & tanta nel me<lb></lb>zo, quanta n'haueua prima nel mezo dell'altro: & coſi dell'altre <lb></lb>parti alla proportione: purche ognuna di queſte larghezze habbia <lb></lb>l'incontro pare alla ſua miſura. </s> <s>Similmente nella iſteſſa ſeconda <lb></lb>decaduta, tanta è la forza nel mezo per la quantità, quanta nel <lb></lb>fine, per la uelocità, & per l'impeto: & coſi nell'altre parti tutte <lb></lb>ſerua l'iſteſſa proportione. </s> <s>Ma ſe la decaduta ſi faceſſe maggiore, <lb></lb>& in minor lunghezza; come s'ella fuſſe di cento oncie, in lun<lb></lb>ghezza di ottanta, allhora l'acqua non baſterebbe a riempire il <lb></lb>triangolo; & ſarebbe meſtieri, ch'egli o ſi rinſtringeſſe, o non ha<lb></lb>ueſſe l'acqua alta come prima: ſarebbe tuttauia di pare impeto, <lb></lb>& di pare peſo alla ſouradetta in ogni parte di lei, facendoſi le par <lb></lb>ti tanto piu breui, quanto ſi fuſſe accorciata la lunghezza. </s> <s>Per <lb></lb>lo contrario, ſe ſcemando la decaduta ella ſi eſtendeſſe in maggiore <lb></lb>lungezza, l'acqua farebbe rigorgo, & non potrebbe paſſare tutta <lb></lb>per la bocca di ſotto; s'ella, accioche le ſponde non fuſſero troppo <lb></lb>baſſe, non s'allargaſſe. </s> <s>& in tal maniera ſi uaria la proportione<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/051.jpg" pagenum="31"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſecondo che è diuerſa la lunghezza, & l'altezza della decaduta, <lb></lb>restando l'iſteſſa forza per le norme delle dette miſure.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Da ſimili proportioni poſſono deriuare belliſſime, & utiliſſi<lb></lb>me ragioni per molti effetti: pur per non eſſere cio principale fine <lb></lb>in queſti ſcritti, laſcierenio, che ſieno raccolte da chi uorrà porui <lb></lb>alquanto di studio. </s> <s>una ſola per ſaggio dell'altre non tralaſcierò. <lb></lb></s> <s>& è queſta. </s> <s>Che errano aſſai in dare la forza a'molini terragni <lb></lb>coloro, (& non ho ancor uiſto alcuno, che non lo faccia) che non <lb></lb>riſtringendo il canale ordinario della decaduta, ſempre a poco a <lb></lb>poco ſino in fine, ma facendo la bocca di lei aſſai piu stretta, che la <lb></lb>larghezza del canale ordinario di ſopra, ſono cagione, che l'ac<lb></lb>qua, che è per cadere, rigorga, & quaſi stagna, con poco utile a <lb></lb>riſp etto del danno. </s> <s>& quella, che decade, eſſendo imboccata nel <lb></lb>principio della decaduta in poca quantità, ſi troua in aſſai minore <lb></lb>nella fine, oue batte la ruota: cioè, che ſe nel principio è alta quat<lb></lb>tro oncie, ſi troua aſſai meno alta nella ſine, benche có piu gagliar<lb></lb>do impeto. </s> <s>ilche non auerrebbe, ſe la bocca nel principio fuſſe lar<lb></lb>ga come il canale ordinario, & poi a poco a poco ſi stringeſſe alla <lb></lb>proportione della decaduta: percioche l'acqua quanto piu abbaſ<lb></lb>ſandoſi ſi stringeſſe, tanto manco perderebbe di altezza; & coſi <lb></lb>nella fine hauerebbe la medeſima profondità, che nel principio; & <lb></lb>tanto piu hauerebbe d'impeto, & di forza, quanto maggiore ri<lb></lb>teneſſe l'altezza. </s> <s>Ho detto con poca utilità a riſpetto del danno, <lb></lb>perche ſe bene lo stagnare di ſopra alza l'acqua, & è cagione, che <lb></lb>ella s'imbocchi piu alta nella decaduta, che non farebbe; tuttauia <lb></lb>queſta altezza, & queſta quantità ſi perde per la maggior parte, <lb></lb>ſpargendoſi per la lunghezza, & larghezza del canale ordinario <lb></lb>di ſopra: ilche non hauerebbe facendoſi come s'è detto: anzi tutta <lb></lb>la quantità, & il peſo del canale ordinario, paſſerebbe ſenza per<lb></lb>derſerne una giocciola in modo alcuno; & ſi trouerebbe aſſai piu <lb></lb>alta in fondo, che non fa stagnando nel canale largo di ſopra. </s> <s>Il <lb></lb>medeſimo adunque auerra in queſta machina, ſe in fare la decadu<lb></lb>ta di fuora ſi accorcierà la lunghezza, & s'accreſcerà il pendio, <lb></lb>la proportione ſarà in maniera, che la forza ſarà l'iſteſſa di dentro <lb></lb>& fuora in qualunque parte del ſito ſi uoglia; purche ſi ſerui la ſim <lb></lb>metria del punto del lungo al punto del corto pendio, & l'acqua <lb></lb>corra continuamente coſi fuora come dentro. </s> <s>ma queſto come ho<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/052.jpg" pagenum="32"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>arco accennato di ſopra, non è in effetto: peroche l'acqua d'un ca<lb></lb>nale di dentro cade ſette oncie, due uolte in un giro, & quella di <lb></lb>fuora non rieſce ſe non una uolta: ſiche ſe bene la decaduta, & <lb></lb>la lunghezza fuſſe pare in ambedue l'acque; la quantità, & la <lb></lb>grauezza naturale reſta la metà meno di fuora, & con meza la <lb></lb>forza ſolamente: perche ſe l'acqua dentro è alta tre oncie, non ſa<lb></lb>rà di fuora, data la parità nell'altre coſe, ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> una & meza; & in <lb></lb>ogni caſo reſterà inferiore per la metà de'gradi. </s> <s>Similmente ſe il <lb></lb>canale ſarà doppio, & in un giro intiero ſempre uerſera acqua, <lb></lb>la decaduta anco dentro ſi radoppierà, & reſterà l'iſteſſa propor<lb></lb>tione. </s> <s>molto maggior danno ſeguirebbe, ſe fuſſe ſemplice il cana<lb></lb>le, nel modo, che ſegue, introdotto da gli Alamani: perche non <lb></lb>sbocca ſe non per la quarta parte del giro.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Gli Alamani huomini ſopra tutti gli altri induſtrioſi in tali ri<lb></lb>trouati, è ueriſimile, che haueſſero conſideratione ſopra la mag<lb></lb>gior parte de'ſouradetti impedimenti nati da'precetti di Vitruuio: <lb></lb>imperoche molto tempo ha, che compoſero queſto iſtromento con <lb></lb>l'anima piu ſottile, & piu lunga; con il canale piu stretto, con il <lb></lb>pendio minore, & con il uerme altrimente tirato, che non inſegna <lb></lb>Vitruuio: ne in coſa alcuna oſſeruarono le regole di queſto autore. <lb></lb></s> <s>Trouarono, s'io non m'inganno, la ragione detta poco auanti del<lb></lb>l'aſceſa dell' acqua in queſto iſtromento; dalla quale conchiuſero, <lb></lb>ch'egli potcua far lungo quanto l'anima poteua ſoſtenere ſenza <lb></lb>piegarſi; non hauendo riguardo alla groſſezza di lei. </s> <s>Di piu, che <lb></lb>il canale ſi poteua far largo, & stretto; purche caminaſſe ſempre <lb></lb>ad un modo, ſecondo l'eleuatione, che ſe gli uoleua dare. </s> <s>Oltra cio <lb></lb>che il uerme ſi poteua far alto quanto ſi uoleua, compaſſando pero <lb></lb>ogni coſa con la forza del motore. </s> <s>Coſi ſi riſolſero di fermarlo con <lb></lb>l'anima di poco diametro, per fare il peſo piu uicino al centro; & <lb></lb>di tanta lunghezza quanto giudicarono baſtare, accio non ſi pie<lb></lb>gaſſe. </s> <s>ſopra queſta tirarono un uerme ſolo, caminando aſſai piu <lb></lb>stretto, che per gli ottanti; & non laſciando parte alcuna di lei, <lb></lb>che non haueſſe canale per riempirſi d'acqua. </s> <s>alzarono poi tanto<lb></lb>li uermi per la groſſezza dell'iſtromento quanto era aſſai a riceue<lb></lb>re peſo atto ad eſſere moſſo da mediocre motore. A queſto modo <lb></lb>oprarono, che con piu corta Chiocciola l'acqua poggiaua aſſai piu <lb></lb>in alto, che có gli auiſi di Vitruuio: ſi perche non perdeuano molta<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/053.jpg" pagenum="33"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>parte di lei ſotto la ſuperficie dell'acqua, ſi anco perche eſſendo ti<lb></lb>rato il canale aſſai piu stretto, che per gli ottanti, ſi poteua ſare la <lb></lb>eleuatione aſſai maggiore: eſſendo che il pendio del uerme miſura<lb></lb>to dalla groſſezza dell'anima, reſta ſempre ſuperiore all'eleuatione <lb></lb>fatta per poco meno che a piombo. </s> <s>Con queſto iſtromento coſi <lb></lb>compoſto, un Tedeſco con ſuo grandiſſimo guadagno, & ineſtima<lb></lb>bile beneſicio della ſanità publica, uotò in breue tempo quaſi tutte <lb></lb>le Cantine, & i luoghi baſſi di Roma, che ſi riempirono dell'acqua <lb></lb>del Teuere nell'ultimo ſuo diluuio: ne da indi in qua per molto tem<lb></lb>po ſi è mai piu ueduto in Italia. </s> <s>Ho pero inteſo, che l'Illuſtriſſimo <lb></lb>Sig. Veſpaſiano Gonzaga ne fece portare a gli anni paſſati uno di <lb></lb>Alamagna, fatto di fuora alla ſembianza della Chiocciola figura<lb></lb>ta fra le machine di Flauio Vegetio. </s> <s>Et io nel verno paſſato alla <lb></lb>Giudecca in Venetia ne uidi ſei belliſſimi accoppiati, & rizzati in <lb></lb>uno edificio di grandiſſima ſpeſa; apparecchiato per uolere fare un <lb></lb>molino da acqua in quella Città, che n'ha ineſtimabile biſogno, da <lb></lb>un Meſſer Aleſſandro Bologneſe; huomo, come io conobbi poi, aſ<lb></lb>ſai giudicioſo, d'aſſai buone lettere; & che non ſolamente opera <lb></lb>bene nell'arte del diſegno, & del toccar di penna; ma anco ad imi<lb></lb>tatione d'. Archimede, lauora con le proprie mani eccellentemente <lb></lb>in queſte fabriche mecanice. </s> <s>Ma queſto ordigno coſi formato, ben<lb></lb>che ſchiſſi molte delle imperfettioni dette, manca pero in quello, che <lb></lb>importa ſopra ogni altra coſa; cioè, nella quantità dell'acqua: per <lb></lb>cioche con un canale ſi stretto, & picciolo pochiſſima acqua ſi puo <lb></lb>leuare; & quella poi rieſce tanto di rado, che in ogni giro non <lb></lb>sbocca ſe non per la quinta, o quarta parte del tempo, che ui corre <lb></lb>a compirlo. </s> <s>ſenza che ſi ſpeſſi ſono li riuolgimenti del canale, che <lb></lb>anco con queſta poca acqua ſi fa il pendio di dentro maggiore, & <lb></lb>molto piu diſſicile. </s> <s>Et ſe ſi uoleſſe fare il uerme piu alto, cioè, in <lb></lb>groſſezza dell'inſtromento, per hauer piu acqua, la fatica ſarebbe <lb></lb>anco maggiore: perche creſcerebbe il pendio in lunghezza inſieme <lb></lb>con l'accreſcimento del peſo dell'acqua, facendoſi anco piu lontano <lb></lb>dal centro. </s> <s>Io stimo che queſto ualent'huomo ſperaſſe, per la ue<lb></lb>locità del moto, che haueua ordinato con una ruota di piu di cento <lb></lb>denti, che era per uoltare le rocchette di circa dodici fuſa fiſſe ne' <lb></lb>perni di ſopra delle chiocciole, di ſupplire al difetto del canale pic<lb></lb>ciolo, & dello ſpatio per tanto tempo tralaſciato del corſo dell'ac-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/054.jpg" pagenum="34"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>qua; accioche quello, che non poteua fare con la quantità di lei <lb></lb>chiuſa nel canale, faceſſe con la preſtezza del farla entrare, & uſci <lb></lb>re: a ſomiglianza del noſtro polſo, il quale quando non puo tirare <lb></lb>aſſai aere per eſſere poco eleuato, ſi sſorza almeno di farlo con mo<lb></lb>uerſi con piu frequenza, & maggiore uelocità. </s> <s>La quale imagi<lb></lb>natione, inſieme con altre tali, ſe fia riuſcibile nell'opere mecanice, <lb></lb>oue i motori non ſono potentiſſimi, & ſi mantengono con grauiſſi<lb></lb>ma ſpeſa; quelli lo uedranno, che con qualche attentione leggeran<lb></lb>no il ſecondo diſcorſo. </s> <s>baſti per hora l'hauere accennato, che il ue<lb></lb>dere come queſto iſtromento alza quaſi tanto, quanto è lungo, non <lb></lb>debbe allettare alcuno a ſeruirſene in opere, oue ſi ricerchi gran <lb></lb>copia d'acqua: tanto piu, che come ſi uedrà nel terzo diſcorſo, for<lb></lb>mandolo al modo, che diremo hor'hora, ſi puo ſituare in modo che <lb></lb>anco girato da una statera, tirata da un cauallo; benche non ſia <lb></lb>eleuato piu che delle cinque parti le tre, non ſarà huopo che il rag<lb></lb>gio del timpano dentato ſia molto lungo; & in tal guiſa ne ſeguirà <lb></lb>molto maggior copia d'acqua alla medeſima altezza, con moto aſ<lb></lb>ſai ueloce, & con piu leggiera fatica.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pappo, & Dioniſodoro; quello nel trattato de gli iſtromenti me<lb></lb>canici, & queſti in certi pezzami d'un'opera di ſimile materia, di <lb></lb>cui non ſi legge il titolo, eſſendoui reſtato ſolamente il nome dell' <lb></lb>autore; con faciliſſima breuità moſtrano la uera, & piu utile uia <lb></lb>di fabricare la Chiocciola. </s> <s>Piglia (dice Pappo) un ſoſtegno, che <lb></lb>non ſi pieghi, tornito a ſeſta; lungo, & alto quanto baſterà a tira<lb></lb>re duoi canali di ſpire equidiſtanti, capaci di tanta quantità d'ac<lb></lb>qua quanta potrà eſſere moſſa dal motore, che hai ordinato, all'al<lb></lb>tezza, che ti fa biſogno. </s> <s>Vi aggiunge Dioniſodoro, che l'eleua<lb></lb>tione ſi ſarà ſecondo la ragione del pendio de'uermi a riſpetto di lei. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dio buono con quanta breuità, & chiarezza, hanno queſti duoi <lb></lb>ualenti Greci compreſo tutto il magiſtero di ſi utile iſtromento? <lb></lb></s> <s>Dicono, che il ſoſtegno ſi faccia lungo quanto biſogna, purche non <lb></lb>ſi pieghi, non hauendo riguardo alla groſſezza: perche la lunghe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end>z <lb></lb>z<emph type="italics"></emph>a di queſto iſtromento, ſe non ſi piegherà, potrà eſſere tirata in <lb></lb>infinito. </s> <s>Ne mi ſono mai potuto imaginare, che coſa ragioneuol<lb></lb>mente penſata ſpingeſſe Vitruuio a ſcriuere quel precetto, cagione <lb></lb>di tanta imperfettione: non fu perche egli haueſſe dubbio, che la <lb></lb>lunghezza maggiore della decima ſeſta parte, non fuſſe per reggere<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/055.jpg" pagenum="35"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>rettamente al peſo, uedendoſi il contrario per eſperienza. </s> <s>non ſu <lb></lb>perche la lunghezza maggiore fuſſe atta ad impedire la ſalita dell' <lb></lb>acqua, poſcia che in ogni punto di tale iſtromento ſi poſſa comin<lb></lb>ciare, & finire il moto; & per l'iſteſſa ragione poſſa ſeguire a qua<lb></lb>lunque altezza egli ſegue dentro alla miſura di Vitruuio. </s> <s>non fu <lb></lb>per che il motore non fuſſe per hauer ſorza, ſe ſi faceſſe piu lungo, <lb></lb>& haueſſe tuttauia l'anima groſſa ſecondo queſta miſura: perche <lb></lb>egli non determina la forza del motore, ne il numero de gli huomi<lb></lb>ni, che l'hanno a mouere: & per l'oppoſto è falſo, che facendoſi <lb></lb>un'anima ſottile, come di due, o tre oncie; ogni fanciullo non fuſſe <lb></lb>atto a mouerla aſſai piu lunga, che con queſta ſimmetria. </s> <s>Perche <lb></lb>fu adunque? </s> <s>Io stimo, che quello Scrittore per altro marauiglio<lb></lb>ſo, faceſſe in queſto cio che ha fatto in molte altre coſe, & cio che <lb></lb>fanno anco hoggidì molti altri. </s> <s>& che uedendo alcune fabriche <lb></lb>approuate dal tempo, & dall'uſo; ſenza cercarne ſottilmente la <lb></lb>cagione, deſcriuono le miſure loro come norme di tutte l'altre; & <lb></lb>coſi non laſciano il modo di potere uariare ſecondo l'occaſioni. </s> <s>Se <lb></lb>la colonna dorica, poniamo caſo, ſi ſarà di marmo, o di pietra du<lb></lb>ra, con la miſura di Vitruuio; non ſi dè aſſermare, che non ſarà <lb></lb>buona; che per tale molte uolte nelle fabriche quaſi eterne l'ha mo <lb></lb>ſtrato la proua. </s> <s>ma s'ella per la grandezza, & altezza della fa<lb></lb>hrica ha da eſſere in modo, che o la pietra non ui ſia, o non ui ſia al <lb></lb>propoſito, hauraſſi a stabilire di mattoni, o d'altra materia men <lb></lb>forte, con l'iſteſſa ſimmetria? </s> <s>Il ſimile dico di molte altre coſe, che <lb></lb>poſſono opporſi. </s> <s>Quindi è nato, che molti de i piu eccellenti archi<lb></lb>tetti d'hoggidì, conſiderate bene le ragioni, & le circoſtanze tutte <lb></lb>delle fabriche, che hanno a diſegnare, s'allontanano molte uolte <lb></lb>da i precetti di queſto autore. </s> <s>ne ſanno, ſecondo la perſuaſione di <lb></lb>alcuni altri, che a guiſa di Medici empirici, uſano gli iſteſſi rime<lb></lb>di in diuerſe età, diuerſi temperamenti, diuerſe regioni, diuerſi <lb></lb>membri, & forſe anco diuerſe cagioni d'una iſteſſa infirmità. </s> <s>Vi<lb></lb>truuio, s'io non m'inganno, uide una Chiocciola con le miſure <lb></lb>ſcritte da lui, fare ottimo effetto nella quantità dell'acqua; ma che <lb></lb>alzaua poco, perche forſe il biſogno, quando ſi fabricò, con buona <lb></lb>ragione, non ne uoleua piu; & ſenza rintracciare, od almeno in<lb></lb>ſegnare altra cagione, ſcriſſe i precetti, ſecondo la miſura di quella <lb></lb>aggiungendoui, che alzaua poco.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/056.jpg" pagenum="36"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Si puo adunque fare il ſoftegno lungo, & ſottile quanto ſi uuole: <lb></lb>si poſſono tirare i canali equidiſtanti larghi, stretti, & alti quan<lb></lb>to ſi uuole: ma biſogna che tutte queſte coſe ſieno proportionate <lb></lb>alla forza del motore, & all'altezza, che ſi ricerca. </s> <s>ilche a che <lb></lb>conſidera la ragione ſouradetta della cagione della eleuatione, per <lb></lb>cui l'acqua pogg ia in alto (io nó replicherò fuor di propoſito le coſe <lb></lb>gia dichiarate) non ſarà molto difficile, o trauaglioſo ad intender<lb></lb>ſi. </s> <s>ma per porlo in eſſecutione, & fermare ſicuramente con l'eſpe<lb></lb>rienza l'effetto guidato dalla ragione è stato neceſſario farne mol<lb></lb>ti modelli piccioli, et grandi; hor con una groſſezza, & lunghez<lb></lb>za d'anima; & hor con una lunghezza, et altezza de'canali, hor <lb></lb>con un'altra per poter proportionare il tutto al motore, & all'or<lb></lb>gano ſuo. </s> <s>Alla perfine è conchiuſo, che l'anima ſia tredici braccia <lb></lb>lunga, & groſſa quattr'oncie. </s> <s>che eſſendo d'abete, legname di for<lb></lb>tiſſimo nerbo, in tal miſura non ſi piegherà, & ſarà leggieriſſima. <lb></lb></s> <s>Li canali larghi ſei oncie, alti due oncie, o poco piu: tirati con uer <lb></lb>mi di ſalice: inchiodati có piccioli chiodi l'un ſopra l'altro; perche <lb></lb>null'altro legno ſeruirebbe alle pieghe delle ſpire: & eſſendo im<lb></lb>pecciato dura, & reſiſte lungamente all'acqua. </s> <s>La coperta pari<lb></lb>mente ſia d'abete, inchiodata ſu i uermi, impecciata dentro, & di <lb></lb>fuora, & bene riſtretta con certe coreggie di ferro artificioſe, che <lb></lb>non accade a deſcriuere, potendoſi uedere in opera. </s> <s>Coſi formata <lb></lb>stara' naſcoſta con tutta la bocca un braccio ſotto l'acqua. </s> <s>Il reſto <lb></lb>ſarà dodici braccia, che alzano, & leuandola delle cinque parti le <lb></lb>tre, ſette braccia, & tre oncie, è poco piu di meza. </s> <s>Et perche il <lb></lb>pendio reſta di duoi quinti per ogni ſei oncie, che ſono quarantotto <lb></lb>quinti, cioè, noue oncie, & tre quinti; ſi puo alzare piu delle cin<lb></lb>que parti le tre; & fare che l'eleuatione, fuora della ſuperficie de <lb></lb>l'acqua, ſia almeno ſette braccia, & mezo. </s> <s>a queſta foggia l'ac<lb></lb>qua, per eſſere il canale doppio, ſarà dodici oncie di fuora, & di <lb></lb>dentro, ſecondo la miſura Piacentina; con corſo di pendio di circa <lb></lb>noue oncie: o facendo l'eleuatione nel ſecondo modo di circa ſei on<lb></lb>cie, in lunghezza di circa diciotto braccia, per li riuolgimenti de' <lb></lb>uermi: il quale pendio, come diremo nel terzo diſcorſo, è molto <lb></lb>maggiore dell'ordinario, & mena aſſai piu acqua del ſolito.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dalle ragioni dette auiene, che quando ſi ferma queſto iſtromé<lb></lb>to, ancor ch'egli ſia ſituato obliquamente col ſuo giuſto pendio,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/057.jpg" pagenum="37"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>l'acqua ſi troua nondimeno eſſere fermata alla liuella, ne mai pure <lb></lb>una gocciola ne torna in dietro per l'inchinamento ſuo alla bocca <lb></lb>di ſotto, ſe bene ſempre reſta aperta: auenga che tornandone, ſali<lb></lb>rebbe in alto ſenza artificio alcuno. </s> <s>Si uede ancora qualmente con <lb></lb>iſtraordinaria induſtria (in cio è la forza di queſto marauiglioſo <lb></lb>magiſtero) s'auanza piu di cinque ſeſti del pendio in fare aſcende<lb></lb>re a qualunque altezza ſi uoglia, grandiſſma quantità d'acqua; <lb></lb>perche con poco piu di noue oncie di pendio, & con manco a chi fa<lb></lb>rà come poco ha habbiamo detto, l'acqua ſi trouerà montata circa <lb></lb>ſette braccia, & mezo. </s> <s>il che non occorre, ne puo occorrere, in <lb></lb>qualunque altra machina: eſſendo neceſſario in qual che ſia, fuor <lb></lb>di queſta, che per tanta decaduta ſi alzi l'acqua per quanta ſi uuo<lb></lb>le che ſaglia. </s> <s>Tale Chiocciola ha la ragione de gli. </s> <s>Alamani, di <lb></lb>fare il peſo uicino al centro quanto ha potuto tolerare la proportio <lb></lb>ne dell'altre coſe: cioè, leuando a quanta altezza, & quanta co<lb></lb>pia d'acqua poſſa eſſere leuata dalla forza d'un'huomo di mediocre <lb></lb>lena, che habbia a durare, col mezo dell'organo, di cui ſi dirà fra <lb></lb>poco. </s> <s>& è ſi compaſſata la quantità con l'eleuatione, & con la for<lb></lb>za del motore, che, come io credo, nulla piu ui ſi potrà aggiungere <lb></lb>per cauar l'acqua a maggiore altezza, che ſi poſſa. </s> <s>che quando <lb></lb>cio non fuſſe, ſi potrebbe formare piu corta, & piu groſſa; ſi che <lb></lb>cauerebbe tanto piu acqua. </s> <s>Et per dare una ſomiglianza di ſog<lb></lb>getto aſſai piu noto ad alcuni, li Medici anc'eſſi ſono sforzati a di<lb></lb>ſcorrere nel medeſimo modo di proportioni. </s> <s>Le infermità, con le <lb></lb>ſue cagioni, & l'altre coſe; oltra gli accidenti appartenenti a lei; <lb></lb>ſono come il peſo: il calore naturale, & le potenze dell'anima ſono <lb></lb>ſimili al motore: li medicamenti, & la ragione del uiuere s'ap<lb></lb>pareggiano all'organo del moto. </s> <s>Quando queſte coſe hanno pro<lb></lb>portione infra di loro, il Medico conſeguiſſe il fine deſiderato, <lb></lb>all'oppoſto, ſe od il calore è piu debole, che non conuiene, o l'inſir<lb></lb>mità troppo graue; o gli stromenti del uitto, & de'medicamenti <lb></lb>non hanno i gradi, & le conditioni, che loro s'appertengono, ſi <lb></lb>grande è il ualore delle proportioni, che ſiniſtro è ſempre l'effetto, <lb></lb>che ne rieſce. </s> <s>Vi è pero gran differenza in altro infra di loro: per <lb></lb>che l'opere mathematice, oltra le certiſſime ſue dimoſtrationi, ſe <lb></lb>o per la materia, o per li gradi delle coſe, o per lo concorſo di mol<lb></lb>te, & talhor a contrarie cagioni, hanno qualche impedimento, ſi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/058.jpg" pagenum="38"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>poſſono ſcoprire, & aſſicurare col ſenſo: & una fiata, che ſieno ca<lb></lb>duto bene, ſempre che ſi ſeruerà il medeſimo ordine, ſaranno il me <lb></lb>deſimo: eſſendo che ſempre poſſono concorrere le medeſime coſe. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non è coſi nelle medicinali, oue oltra che le ragioni per la mag<lb></lb>gior parte ſono artificioſamente congietturali; & non ſono i ſuoi <lb></lb>gradi, & le ſue cagioni coſi apertamente conoſciute dal ſenſo; di <lb></lb>rado è che non ſi uarijno in tante maniere, quanti ſono i ſoggetti <lb></lb>inſieme con le circoſtanze loro. </s> <s>ne una eſperienza fatta bene una <lb></lb>uolta, ſeruirà con quelli iſteſſi mezi ficuramente, & con giuſta pro <lb></lb>portione per alcun'altra: anzi quaſi ſempre, ſe non ſi mutano infi<lb></lb>niti auertimenti, reſterà nell'altre occaſioni del tutto fallace.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ora che diſcorro io con la miſura delle proportioni ſopra la for<lb></lb>za dell'utiliſſimo artificio della Chiocciola, ſe ſi uede apertamente, <lb></lb>che il mouimento delle ſpire, con le quali ella è compoſta, ageuola <lb></lb>la ſalita a quaſi tutte le coſe coſi naturali, come artificiali? </s> <s>Il Sole <lb></lb>col moto delle ſpire, mouendoſi ogni giorno un grado per l'obliquità <lb></lb>del Zodiaco; hor s'auicina, hor s'allontana da noſtri capi: & in <lb></lb>tal guiſa arrecandoci diuerſe mutationi ne'quattro tempi dell'an<lb></lb>no, è cagione, che tutte quelle ſpire coſpirino alla conſeruatione di <lb></lb>queſti corpi inferiori. </s> <s>di ſpire altreſi è il moto della Luna, & di <lb></lb>tutte l'altre stelle fiſſe, & erranti: quaſi null'altro mouimento nelle <lb></lb>loro sfere fuſſe piu atto a partorire la lontananza della loro cadu<lb></lb>ta, & il uicinato della loro ſalita appo diuerſe nationi; che il pog<lb></lb>giare, & lo ſcendere col uiaggio delle ſpire. </s> <s>ne altro fra'corpi <lb></lb>celeſti fu il moto Lenlab del grandiſſimo Hiparco, il qual moto <lb></lb>molto è celebrato dal ſottile Auerrois, per iſchifare i giri cótrari, <lb></lb>& gli Epicidi nelle sfere; che la potenza, & il concorſo de'circoli. <lb></lb></s> <s>Onde l'huomo quaſi mondo picciolo, et inſieme con lui la maggior <lb></lb>parte de gli animali meno perfetti, non ſolamente ne'riuolgimenti <lb></lb>delle budella; ma anco nelle fila di molte altre parti, per le quali <lb></lb>montano, & ſcendono gli humori; ci moſtrano la gran commodità <lb></lb>del tratto delle ſpire: di cui hora, accio ch'io non incorra in troppo <lb></lb>affettata oſtentatione di dottrina medicinale, non è bene, che ſe ne <lb></lb>ineſtino piu lunghi ſermoni. </s> <s>baſti dire, che gli iſteſſi animali nella <lb></lb>ſalita di qualche monte, o d'altro pendio, con appetito ueramente <lb></lb>ſano, eleggono il camino delle ſpire, come meno faticoſo, piu preſto <lb></lb>che alcuno de gli altri. </s> <s>Se i ſerpenti hanno a ſalire alla cima d'un'<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/059.jpg" pagenum="39"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>albero, qual moto inſegna loro l'iſtinto ſuo piu facile, che lo ſpirale? <lb></lb></s> <s>non s'aiutano aſſai con l'ageuolezza di lui, il Nibbio, lo Sparuie<lb></lb>re, l'Aquila, il Falcone, & altri augelli mentre ſeguendo l'appe<lb></lb>tito naturale piace loro di uolare aſſai in alto? </s> <s>Che piu? </s> <s>le piante, <lb></lb>che (come dicono i Filoſofi) non hanno moto progreſſiuo, quando <lb></lb>non ſia conceſſa loro forza di leuarſi da ſe steſſe uerſo il cielo, & <lb></lb>habbiano uicino un'albero, o qual ſi uoglia appoggio fermo, non <lb></lb>con altra norma ſono ammaeſtrate nell'aſcendere dalla ſagace na<lb></lb>tura, che con l'accreſcimento delle ſpire. </s> <s>& quindi la uite, l'hel<lb></lb>lera, la zucca, il lupilo, & altre ſimili piante, ſi sforzano con <lb></lb>queſte ſpire d'abbracciare il ſoſtegno ſuo, & coſi piu facilmente <lb></lb>giungere alla fine dell'erto camino incominciato. </s> <s>Laſcio gli ritro<lb></lb>uati de gli huomini, poſcia che tutti pendono dalle cagioni ſoura<lb></lb>dette formate tutta uia, & inteſe per l'eſſempio dell'opere della <lb></lb>madre natura: percioche da queſte conobbero Archimede, & gli <lb></lb>altri, che quanto piu la ſalita de'corpi graui fuſſe uicina alla per<lb></lb>pendicolare, tanto piu ſarebbe faticoſa; & che niſſun corpo era <lb></lb>piu atto ad hauerla meno perpendicolare, che il ſoſtegno rotondo <lb></lb>col uiaggio delle ſpire.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Accettiamo adunque la Chiocciola formata nel modo moſtrato <lb></lb>di ſopra, per uno iſtromento, in cui conuengono tutte le cagioni, <lb></lb>per le quali contra l'ordine naturale, ſi puo dare il moto uerſo il <lb></lb>cielo a'corpi liquidi, & graui: facendo che l'altezza delle ſei par<lb></lb>ti, non affatichi ſe non per una: percioche oltra la ragione della <lb></lb>ſpire, tirate ad imitatione della natura, ha di piu l'artificio della <lb></lb>ſimmetria dell'inchinamento, che ſopra ogni credenza de'uolgari, <lb></lb>rende leggiero il pondo, & il giro dal motore; il quale ageuoliſſi<lb></lb>mamente le dà (per coſi dire) molto forte impulſione. </s> <s>Ma tempo <lb></lb>è hormai che per farlo anco piu facile, ſi diſcorra alquanto ſopra <lb></lb>l'organo di lui: ilche con quella maggiore breuità, & chiarezza, <lb></lb>che ſarà poſſibile uſare in tal materia, ſi ſarà nel ſeguente diſcorſo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>IL FINE.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p></chap><chap><pb xlink:href="021/01/060.jpg" pagenum="40"></pb><p type="head"> <s>DE TRE DISCORSI SOPRAIL MODO D'ALZAR ACQVE <lb></lb>DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</s></p><figure id="id.021.01.060.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/060/1.jpg"></figure><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>DISCORSO SECONDO.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>S<emph type="italics"></emph>I<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> GRANDE <emph type="italics"></emph>è la potenza del moto <lb></lb>locale, che quaſi tutte le ſoſtanze, & <lb></lb>l'opere della natura, & de gli huomi<lb></lb>ni o ſi conoſcono, o ſi conducono a fine <lb></lb>col mezo ſuo. </s> <s>Il moto retto, & il cir<lb></lb>colare ci ſcoprono le forme de gli ele<lb></lb>menti, & de'cieli; & niſſuna opera<lb></lb>tione de'corpi naturali rieſce qua giu, <lb></lb>di cui non ſia mezo, come d'uniuerſal <lb></lb>cagione, il mouimento delle stelle; & come di piu uicina, le traſinu<lb></lb>tationi della luna: fra le quali, ſe uero è cio che inſegna Ariſtotele, <lb></lb>ſempre precede il moto locale. </s> <s>Ma quanto piu queſto moto ſarà <lb></lb>ueloce, & gagliardo; tanto piu gli effetti, & l'opere della natura <lb></lb>ſaranno potenti, & facili: il che ſi uede nel corſo de'Pianeti, & di <lb></lb>tuttele stelle; nell'eſſalati one de'uenti, ne'terremoti, nelle procelle <lb></lb>del mare, ne i tuoni, ne i baleni, & ſpecialmente nel grande artifi<lb></lb>cio, che ha uſato la madre natura, formando ſi belli, & diuerſi <lb></lb>organi del moto ne gli animali, & dando loro la facultà dell'ani<lb></lb>ma motrice piu gagliarda, che ſia stato poſſibile al grado della <lb></lb>perfettione delle forme loro. </s> <s>onde quelli ammali, che ſono di mag<lb></lb>giori forze in queſta facultà, ſono aſſai piu prezzati, & temuti da <lb></lb>gli altri del ſuo genere: & fra quelli gli huomini da gli huomini <lb></lb>iſteſſi. </s> <s>tali ſono fra gli animali di terra, l'elefante, il leone, il ca<lb></lb>uallo, il toro: fra gli augelli il griffo, l'aquila, il falcone: fra'ſer<lb></lb>penti li dragoni: & fra peſci molti, de'quali hora non importa raſ<lb></lb>ſegnarne il nome. </s> <s>L'huomo conoſcendo queſto, con l'aiuto del di<lb></lb>ſcorſo, che a lui è stato conceſſo in uece di tutte quelle parti, nelle<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/061.jpg" pagenum="41"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>quali egli cede a gli altri animali, & gli altri corpi inferiori; con<lb></lb>tra l'impeto loro ha oppoſto le caſe, le fortezze, l'armature; & ha <lb></lb>anco procacciato d'hauere moti gagliardiſſimi in ſuo fauore, o per <lb></lb>diſenderſi da altri, o per ſoggiogare ſotto l'imperio ſuo chi piu egli <lb></lb>ſi ſarà perſuaſo, che ſia bene: imperoche gli eſſerciti, che ſono com<lb></lb>poſti d'huomini, di caualli, di elefanti, di ſaette, d'armi in haſta, <lb></lb>d'archibuſi, di bombarde, & di tanti altri iſtromenti, non ſono <lb></lb>altro, che un'unione di coſe, atta a partorire gagliardiſſimo moto <lb></lb>locale: ne con altro mezo, che con queſto, ognuna di loro è guida<lb></lb>ta all'opera del ſuo fine. </s> <s>Per l'iſteſſa cagione l'armate di mare, có <lb></lb>la figura bene, & mathematicamente proportionata de'lor legni; <lb></lb>con l'albero, & le uele, co'remi, col timone, & con gli altri iſtro<lb></lb>menti, in niente altro piu uagliono, che nell'impeto del mouimento <lb></lb>loro. </s> <s>per la qual coſa non è marauiglia ſe tutti gli huomini ſaui, et <lb></lb>ſpecialmente i Signori, in ogni età hanno hauuto cariſſani i ritro<lb></lb>uati di ſimili impetuoſi, & ſoprahumani iſtromenti: & ſe diuerſi <lb></lb>acuti Filoſofi ſi ſono affaticati per ſaperne le ragioni, & porle in <lb></lb>opera con utiliſſime eſperienze: percioche uennero queſti ualenti <lb></lb>huomini a tal ſegno, che moltiplicando con diuerſi mezi la forza <lb></lb>d'un ſolo, o di pochi huomini quaſi in inſinito, faceuano opere ma<lb></lb>rauiglioſe; hora alzando corpi di ſimiſurata grauezza molto in <lb></lb>alto, hora trahendoli in piano, & hora ſuellendo materie duriſſi<lb></lb>me, & fortiſſimamente stabilite; & hora oprando in altra ma<lb></lb>niera, che molte coſe ſi piegaſſero, uolgeſſero, & ſpingeſſero, che <lb></lb>ordinariamente con ſoprahumana fatica non ſi ſarebbeno potuto <lb></lb>mouere. </s> <s>Fra queſti, come ognuno ſa, fu eccellentiſſimo. </s> <s>Archime <lb></lb>de Siracuſano, di cui ſi legge, che con gli artificij ſuoi moueua una <lb></lb>naue da carico per una piazza, come ſi ſuol tirare un cauallo per <lb></lb>la briglia: & ſi ſa, che il gran Marcello nell'eſpugnatione di Sira<lb></lb>coſa, riceuè piu danno dalle machine di lui uoltate da pochiſſimi <lb></lb>huomini, che da tutto il numero del reſto de'ſoldati, che era poſto <lb></lb>per difeſa, & preſidio di quella città. </s> <s>Et perche laſciarono quei <lb></lb>ualent'huomini in iſcritti le ragioni della ſcienza dell'opere ſue, <lb></lb>è auenuto, che anco dopo loro ſucceſſiuamente di tempo in tempo, <lb></lb>ſi ſieno ueduti auenimenti quaſi ſopranaturali, coſi ne'ritrouati di <lb></lb>diuerſe machine appertenti a quaſi infiniti uſi, come ne gli effetti <lb></lb>lungamente rimaſi a notitia di chi gli ha uoluto uedere. </s> <s>Chi non<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/062.jpg" pagenum="42"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>è sforzato (per darne qualche manifeſto eſlempio) a dare fede a ſi <lb></lb>utile maeſtria, uedendo il grandiſſimo ſaſſo dell'obeliſco detto la <lb></lb>Guglia, inalzato prima ſu l'altiſſime Piramidi d'Egitto, & poi <lb></lb>abbaſſato, & traſportato dall'Egitto a Roma? </s> <s>Chi non ſi maraui<lb></lb>glia dell'eſperienza, che uede, & tocca riuſcita a'tempi piu nuoui, <lb></lb>conſiderando, & miſurando la pietra tutta d'un pezzo, poſta per <lb></lb>cupola, & coperchio non ſolamente del uacuo, ma anco della groſ<lb></lb>ſima muraglia della gran mole chiamata la Rotonda di Rauenna? <lb></lb></s> <s>Quindi hebbero origine gli artificij del mouere ſu i Perni, ſu i Ro<lb></lb>toli, & con le Trocchie. </s> <s>quindi ſi cagionarono le ragioni delle <lb></lb>statere di quaſi innumerabili ſorti di martinette, di molte uiti per<lb></lb>petue, & tiratori di metalli: di uarie ruote, che ſi chiamano De<lb></lb>ambulatorie; perche dentro, o ſopra di loro ui camina qualche <lb></lb>corpo mobile: delle ruote delle Carrette, delle Girelle, di diuerſe <lb></lb>forme d'Argani, delle Lieue, delle Tanaglie, del Timone, de gli <lb></lb>Alberi, et de'Remi delle naui, & di tanti altri iſtromenti, de'quali <lb></lb>non ſolo ragiona Ariſtotele nelle ſue quiſtioni mecanice, come di <lb></lb>coſe miracoloſe appreſſo de gli huomini, che nó ſono ſcientiati; ma <lb></lb>dopo lui Archimede in alcuni luoghi, & Herone, con molti altri <lb></lb>eccellenti Scrittori coſi greci come latini. </s> <s>Li quali iſtromenti, con <lb></lb>chiara eſperienza ſi prouano hauere ineſtimabile forza, dalli mol<lb></lb>ti effetti, che ancora in queſti tempi ne ſeguono, quando talhora <lb></lb>i Capitani piu induſtrioſi o ſpingono, & leuano facilmente ponti <lb></lb>mobili di ſmiſurato peſo, ſopra qualche acqua, od altezza di mu<lb></lb>raglia; o cacciano machine grandiſſime, & grauiſſime oue piu lor <lb></lb>piace con facilità non penſata; o ſuellono, & rompono ferri fortiſ<lb></lb>ſimi; & altre materie duriſſime oltra al credere d'ognuno, che nó <lb></lb>n'ha uiſta l'eſperienza, od inteſa la ragioue. </s> <s>Laſcio la trauaglia<lb></lb>ta, & moderna inuentione di leuare le groſſe naui ſommerſe, tutte <lb></lb>intiere dal ſondo del mare, ſolamente con la proportione della na<lb></lb>turale leggierezza dell'aere, alla grauezza dell'acqua, & della <lb></lb>terra: coſa in uero molto ragioneuole, di ſottiliſſimo ingegno, & <lb></lb>di incomparabile utilità; ſe le ricchezze de gli huomini priuati <lb></lb>reggeſſero alle molte ſpeſe, che ſarebbeno di meſtieri, quando fuor <lb></lb>de'modelli, nell'opere grandi, con molte eſperienze, per le quali <lb></lb>ogni hora piu ſi correggono gli errori, ella ſi uoleſſe alla perfine ti<lb></lb>rare alla perfettione. </s> <s>Laſcio anco molti altri ritrouati, che alla<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/063.jpg" pagenum="43"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>giornata ſi ſcoprono; fra quali è la terribiliſſima uiolenza delle <lb></lb>mine: percioche io diſegno quanto prima, & con la chiarezza che <lb></lb>ſarà poſſibile di uenire alla ragione dell'organo della Chiocciola.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Pareua adunque da principio, che la Chiocciola ancorche groſ<lb></lb>ſa, & lunga molto piu, ch'io non ho diuiſato di ſopra, con l'aiuto <lb></lb>d'alcuno di queſti iſtromenti, ſi fuſſe potuto mouere ageuoliſſima<lb></lb>mente da ogni mediocre motore: tanto piu mouendoſi di ſotto ſu la <lb></lb>punta del perno, & di ſopra ſul perno ſoſtenuto da non molto lungo <lb></lb>cerchietto di bronzo: percioche è conoſciuto, che quanto meno il <lb></lb>peſo tocca del corpo, in cui ſi ſoſtiene, tanto piu è facile a mouerſi. <lb></lb></s> <s>Onde ſoleua dire Archimede, che eſſendo il mondo di forma sfe<lb></lb>rica, la quale non tocca il piano, ſe non in un punto, poſto ch'egli <lb></lb>fuſſe ſodo, & ui fuſſe la ſoglia dura ſopra cui ſi uoltaſſe, ſi ſarebbe <lb></lb>potuto mouere con non molta fatica. </s> <s>Et ſi ueggono le campane, co<lb></lb>me che non habbiano l'equilibrio d'ogni intorno quale hanno le <lb></lb>ruote, mouerſi, & girarſi con facilità grandiſſima da mediocre <lb></lb>motore. </s> <s>ne per queſto riſpetto è appo de gli huomini intendenti <lb></lb>contra la ragione, che il gran Curione moueſſe ſu i rotoli i duoi ſuoi <lb></lb>grandiſſimi Teatri, dopo che erano finiti gli atti delle ſcene, per <lb></lb>farne compiuto l'Anfiteatro: & ſe i grandiſſimi triangoli delle <lb></lb>ſcene antiche, ſoura i quali in tre diuerſe faccie erano dipinte le <lb></lb>proſpettiue delle Comedie, delle Tragedie, & delle Satire in bre<lb></lb>uiſſimo tempo da pochi huomini ſi uoltauano ſu i perni, & ſi adag<lb></lb>giauano alla materia di quel poema, che allhora ſi uoleua rappre<lb></lb>ſentare. </s> <s>Et in uero ſe la Chiocciola fuſſe tutta ſoda di marmo, o di <lb></lb>metallo; & ſi moueſſe ſu le punte de'perni, con pochiſſima forza <lb></lb>ſi potrebbe girare aſſai uelocemente; pur che non haueſſe altro mo<lb></lb>uimento di corpo graue dentro a ſe steſſa, contrario al giro del mo<lb></lb>tore di fuora. </s> <s>ma come habbiamo detto nel primo ragionamento, <lb></lb>l'acqua in quella aſcendendo, ſcende per tanto pendio, quanto la <lb></lb>decaduta del uerme auanza l'eleuatione: & percio è biſogno, che <lb></lb>ui ſia almeno tanta forza, che baſti a uincere la decaduta interna <lb></lb>di tutto quel peſo. </s> <s>al quale il moto de'perni non gioua coſa alcu<lb></lb>na; aiutando ſolamente il giro del peſo dell'iſtromento, ſenza ri<lb></lb>guardare la detta decaduta. </s> <s>nella qual coſa è facile il giudicare, <lb></lb>che ſi ſieno ingannati coloro, che ſeguendo le regole di Vitruuio in <lb></lb>formarlo, l'hanno fatto ſi lungo, & groſſo, & di capacità di tanto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/064.jpg" pagenum="44"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>peſo, che non l'hanno poi potuto ſuperare nella ſua interiore deca<lb></lb>duta, con lo iſtranio motore.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Fra gli iſtromenti motiui niſſuno ſarebbe ſtato al propoſito della <lb></lb>Chiocciola, ſe non quelli che mouono in giro. </s> <s>le Trocchie, le Ta<lb></lb>naglie, & gli altri ſimili, che ſolamente ſeruono al moto fatto per <lb></lb>linea retta, nó cadono ſotto la preſente conſider atione. </s> <s>& ſe bene <lb></lb>quelle machine, che mouono in giro, poſſono anco mouere a linea <lb></lb>retta; come la martinett a lungo all'haſta dentata, & alcune del<lb></lb>l'altre ruote ſui ſubbio; non ſono pero per pigliarſi nell'occaſione, <lb></lb>che ci s'appreſenta, ſe non in quanto rendono il moto circolare. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ora in tutte queſte ſempre è auenuto, che quanto piu ſi moltiplica <lb></lb>la forza, tanto piu ſi ritarda la uelocità del moto del peſo. </s> <s>ne an<lb></lb>cor s'è uiſto con ragione, od eſperienza alcuna, che poſſa stare in<lb></lb>ſieme, che la forza nell'iſteſſo motore ſia aſſai ingagliardita, & <lb></lb>che la uelocità ſia reſtata la medeſima nel peſo di lui: ſe di tanto <lb></lb>alla proportione non creſce la uelocità, che cagiona il moto, di quá<lb></lb>to creſce la forza: ilche non puo auenire con l'iſteſſo motore, & <lb></lb>ſpecialmente in quelle ruote, che hanno il moto da'corpi animati, <lb></lb>per non eſſere eglino potenti per mouere molto uelocemente. </s> <s>& ſe <lb></lb>per fare poche fuſa nelle rocchette, che mouono il peſo, come ſono <lb></lb>quelle, che ruotano le macine; & aſſai denti ne'timpani, che uol<lb></lb>tano le rocchette, ſi ſarà il mouimento del peſo uelociſſimo; ſarà <lb></lb>neceſſario di tanto accreſcere la forza, & la uelocità del primo mo<lb></lb>tore, di quanto ſi ſarà piu ueloce il moto del peſo. </s> <s>Habbia una <lb></lb>rocchetta, che uolga il peſo, diece fuſa: habbia il timpano ſuo al<lb></lb>tri tanti denti: ſia moſſa con una ruota maggiore fiſſa nel ſubbio <lb></lb>del timpano. </s> <s>ſarà moſſa poniamo caſo da duoi gradi di forza, con <lb></lb>duoi gradi di uelocità, in uno iſteſſo giro: tuttauia maggiore ſarà <lb></lb>le uelocità della circonferenza della ruota piu grande. </s> <s>& per cio <lb></lb>ſarà biſogno, che il motore di quella parte ſia piu ueloce: & la ue<lb></lb>locità ſi fa per uno accreſcimento di forze: che ſe il motore uolge <lb></lb>la ruota in tanto ſpatio di tempo con duoi gradi di uelocità, non la <lb></lb>potrà mouere nella metà meno ſpatio, ſe la forza non ſi raddop<lb></lb>pierà. </s> <s>aggiunganſi poi altri tanti denti nel timpano, co'quali il <lb></lb>peſo faccia duoi giri, mentre che il timpano ne fa uno; allhora è ne<lb></lb>ceſſario o che il moto nel peſo ſia l'iſteſſo, & quel dell'altre ruote <lb></lb>ſi ritardi aſſai, o ui s'aggiunga altra tanta forza, la quale ſeruádo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/065.jpg" pagenum="45"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>l'iſteſſa uelocità, che prima nel timpano, & nella ruota maggiore, <lb></lb>oue è il motore, la raddoppi poi nel peſo. </s> <s>coſi ſi conoſce, che la ue<lb></lb>locità ſi cagiona con grandiſſimo aumento di forze; & che, data <lb></lb>la parità in iutte le coſe, quanto creſce la forza, tanto ſcema la <lb></lb>zelocità nel peſo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Imperoche queſti effetti non accadono per altra cagione, che <lb></lb>per lo moto delle statere, nelle quali il peſo, che ſi troua nel raggio <lb></lb>maggiore, quanto ſarà piu lontano dal centro, che lo ſoſtiene, ſem<lb></lb>pre alla proportione ſupererà ſecondo il ſito quello che ſi troua nel <lb></lb>raggio minore. </s> <s>Ho detto ſecondo il ſito, perche il cerchio, che fa <lb></lb>il peſo nel maggiore, quanto ſarà piu lontano dal centro, occuperà <lb></lb>piu gran giro; & la parte di lui in lunghezza di linea a quella che <lb></lb>fa il raggio minore, ſarà meno obliqua, & andrà piu rettamente <lb></lb>uerſo il centro del mondo: & percio hauendo il peſo quaſi ſito ret<lb></lb>to, ſarà di tanto piu graue, quanto egli s'allontana dall'obliquità <lb></lb>del minor giro del raggio piu breue. </s> <s>il medeſimo ſi dè intendere <lb></lb>ne iraggi lunghi, che ſi mouono a moto orizontale: come è ſouen<lb></lb>te ne gli argani, nelle uiti, & nelle martinette; nelle quali col peſo <lb></lb>dell'iſteſſo raggio lungo ſi moue il peſo del raggio corto: ancor che <lb></lb>il moto di quello non ſia uerſo il centro della terra, ma piu preſto <lb></lb>orizontale, & talhora anco uerſo il cielo: peroche quando cio <lb></lb>auiene, non è mai col peſo della grauezza naturale ſolamente, la <lb></lb>quale ſempre mira il centro del mondo, ma con la forza dell'anima <lb></lb>motrice, o di qualche altra coſa, che non ſia impetuoſa per lo peſo <lb></lb>ſolo. </s> <s>& queſte tali non hanno per centro altro, che il centro ſopra <lb></lb>cui ſi moue il peſo iſteſſo, ſia pure ſituato come ſi uoglia: che ſe piu <lb></lb>da queſto centro s'allontana un braccio, che l'altro; minor forza, <lb></lb>od impulſione ſi ricer ca a fare il giro; o uada uerſo il cielo, o come <lb></lb>uien meglio per lo fine propoſto. </s> <s>auenga che il luogo a cui mira la <lb></lb>forza motrice, che non ſia naturale del peſo, non è altro, che ogni <lb></lb>punto di tutto il cerchio intiero fatto d'un braccio lungo, il quale <lb></lb>punto ſia oppoſto per diametro a quello, in cui ella ſi troua nell'atto <lb></lb>del mouere: talche a queſto modo in ogni ſito ſeguirà la ragione de <lb></lb>la forza motrice, che ſeguiua dal peſo naturale nel ſito di fare il <lb></lb>cerchio uerſo il centro del mondo. </s> <s>Adunque il raggio lungo delle <lb></lb>statere con minor peſo hauendo fatto aumento di forza per lo ſito, <lb></lb>mouerà il raggio piu breue con maggior peſo, & li cerchi d'ambi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/066.jpg" pagenum="46"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>duoi loro ſi faranno in un'iſteſſo tempo; ma quello del maggiore ſa<lb></lb>rà piu ueloce, perche piu grande è lo ſpatio, che haurà a paſſare. <lb></lb></s> <s>Oltra cio, ſe il braccio corto non haurà immediatamente il peſo, <lb></lb>ma mouerà un'altro raggio lungo d'una'altra statera nel raggio <lb></lb>minore di cui ſia poſto il peſo; allhora ſarà come ſe fuſſe allungato <lb></lb>il raggio lungo alla prima statera. </s> <s>con tutto cio molto piu tardo <lb></lb>ſarà il mouimento del peſo, & ſarà biſogno, che il minor raggio <lb></lb>della prima statera ſi riuolga molto piu d'una uolta, prima che il <lb></lb>ſecondo habbia compito il ſuo riuolgimento. </s> <s>onde moltiplicandoſi <lb></lb>le statere, ſempre piu ſi uerrebbe ad allungare il raggio maggiore <lb></lb>della prima, & ad accreſcere la forza del motore con l'iſteſſo dia<lb></lb>metro del giro primiero, ritardandoſi pero ſempre la uelocità del <lb></lb>peſo: peroche nelle statere moltiplicate a queſto modo è neceſſario <lb></lb>che la prima ſia ruotata molte fiate auanti che l'ultima, oue è il pe<lb></lb>ſo, ſi giri ſolo una uolta. </s> <s>Da queſto naſce, che gli argani, & piu <lb></lb>le martinette, & le uiti perpetue di molti ritegni, che ſi chiamano <lb></lb>pani, ſono tardiſſime nel moto; ne ſono utili oue ſia biſogno d'hone<lb></lb>sta uelocità. </s> <s>è uero, che oue conuengono, le uiti perpetue hanno <lb></lb>queſto uantaggio, che non laſciano ſcorrere il peſo dal luogo a cui <lb></lb>l'hanno tirato una fiata, benche non ui ſia di nuouo altro ſoſtegno: <lb></lb>il che non auiene ad alcuno de gli altri iſtromenti. </s> <s>Per lo contrario <lb></lb>ſe i raggi uguali delle ruote moueranno raggi minori nel ſubbio de <lb></lb>l'altre ruote maggiori, procedendo con duoi, o tre ordini a queſto <lb></lb>modo; come ſi puo uedere in tutti gli horiuoli da ruote, ſi moltipli<lb></lb>cherà aſſaiſſimo la uelocità, & il numero de'giri nella ruota, che <lb></lb>moue il peſo: tuttauia la fatica del motore ſarà grandiſſima a riſpet<lb></lb>to del peſo, che mouerà. </s> <s>Ho uiſto io una ruota, che có un giro ſolo, <lb></lb>& col mezo di ſei altre ruote era cagione, ch'un'altra, che uoltaua <lb></lb>un leggieriſſimo peſo, faceſſe cento trentamila giri, piu ueloci, & <lb></lb>meno, ſecondo che era temperata dal ritegno di quello iſtromento, <lb></lb>che ſi chiama il tempo. </s> <s>Et con tale artificio era formata quella <lb></lb>belliſſima machina deſcritta dal Giouio, che gia mandò in dono <lb></lb>Ferdinando, allhora Re de'Romani, a Solimano Imperadore de' <lb></lb>Turchi. </s> <s>Che ſe bene da gli huomini, che non s'intendono d'aſtro<lb></lb>logia, era creduto, che dentro a quella ui fuſſero i moti de'Pianeti <lb></lb>alla ſimilitudine di quelli del cielo, cio non era pero uero in altro, <lb></lb>ſe non che alcuna di quelle ruote finiua il ſuo riuolgimento in tren-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/067.jpg" pagenum="47"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ta anni come fa Saturno, alcuna in dodici come Gioue, alcuna in <lb></lb>duoi come Marte, alcuna in uno come il Sole, & coſi dell'altre <lb></lb>ruote alla ſomiglianza de gli altri ‘Pianeti. </s> <s>Adunque ſe il peſo, <lb></lb>che hanno a mouere queſti iſtromenti fuſſe graue, niſſuna molla, <lb></lb>ancor che gagliardiſſima; et niſſun cótrapeſo, ancor che grauiſſimo <lb></lb>loro baſterebbe. </s> <s>il ſine del loro mouimento è ſolamente un picciolo <lb></lb>raggio di ferro per moſtrar l'hore, od un martelletto per ſonarle. <lb></lb></s> <s>All'oppoſto, ſe in queſto iſtromento il motore fuſſe oue è il peſo, & <lb></lb>il peſo oue è il motore, con molto minore gagliar dezza di molla, <lb></lb>o di contrapeſo ſi mouerebbe aſſai piu graue, & difficil pondo: <lb></lb>benche con tardità tanto maggiore che prima, quanto ſarebbe bi<lb></lb>ſogno, che la ruota del motore fuſſe di quaſi innumerabile propor<lb></lb>tione piu ueloce: & all'hora l'horiuolo ſarebbe in foggia d'una <lb></lb>martinetta, & ſpecialmente quel da molla, in cui non fia dfficil co<lb></lb>ſa oprare, che la statera della molla uinceſſe in lunghezza il rag<lb></lb>gio della prima, & piu ueloce ruota. </s> <s>Nel qual modo conobbi io <lb></lb>gia, che ſu fabricato quel belliſſimo iſtromento poſto al tempo del <lb></lb>Duca Franceſco ultimo ſopra la porta della Rocchetta del capello <lb></lb>di Milano. </s> <s>con quello, qual ſi uogha huomo, stando nella came<lb></lb>ra del Caſtellano, chiudeua quaſi in un ſubito la porta della roc<lb></lb>chetta, & a poco a poco alzaua il ponte, ancor che carico di genti <lb></lb>armate. </s> <s>ma eſſendo egli poi ſconcertato, & dato ad un ualente <lb></lb>maeſtro che lo racconciaſſe; per la morte del Duca, & del maeſtro <lb></lb>non è mai piu stato poſto al ſuo luogo: anzi non eſſendo a pena co<lb></lb>noſciuto da gli heredi del maeſtro, che nó ne ſanno l'arte, ſe ne gia<lb></lb>ce ſprezzato, & tenuto in pochiſſimo conto. </s> <s>Ora dalle ſouradette <lb></lb>conſiderationi appare manifeſtamente quanto contra ragione fuſſe <lb></lb>perſuaſo quel gran Principe Italiano a uolere con ineſtimabile ſpe<lb></lb>ſa fabricare molini, che con la forza de'contrapeſi, per ſei hore có<lb></lb>tinue faceſſero opera ſimile a quella de glialtri molini or dinari: pe<lb></lb>roche nó è uero, che potendoſi cagionare dal moto d'un contrapeſo, <lb></lb>che ſcenda per lo ſpatio di tréta, o quaranta braccia le centinaia di <lb></lb>migliaia di giri, li quali a finirſi portino tempo di cinque, o ſei ho<lb></lb>re, ſi poſſa poi anco fare, che il peſo moſſo ſia in grauezza, & in <lb></lb>uelocità ſimile ad una macina ordinaria, quando calca ſul grano. <lb></lb></s> <s>Io non credo, per le ragioni dette diſopra, che a produrre tale ef<lb></lb>fetto baſtaſſero duomila peſi di contrapeſi. </s> <s>& queſta è ſenza dub-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/068.jpg" pagenum="48"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>bio la ſpecialiſſima cagione, perche in quaſi tutti li modelli piccioli <lb></lb>gli effetti di ſimili operationi rieſchino beniſſimo, & in opera reale <lb></lb>poi facciano reſtare ingannati i loro autori, li quali non hauendo <lb></lb>alla mano le ragioni delle proportioni del motore al peſo, & del <lb></lb>peſo alla uelocità; & non ſapendo la uera cagione della moltipli<lb></lb>catione della forza, ſi perſuadono, che ſi poſſino fare coſe contra<lb></lb>rie, come è il moltiplicare la uelocità non accreſcendo le forze alla <lb></lb>miſura del peſo, & del corpo ſopra cui ſi moue. </s> <s>Tale era il belliſ<lb></lb>ſimo modello d'acciaio, portato gia molti anni a Venetia da uno <lb></lb>molto ingegnoſo, & ricco Tedeſco; & raccomandato ſenza conſi<lb></lb>derare piu oltra dall'Imperadore Ferdinando: percioche con una <lb></lb>molla moueua una macina picciola d'acciaio ſu i perni con mara<lb></lb>uiglioſa uelocità, per lo ſpatio di piu di tre hore; & in un ſubito <lb></lb>caricata la molla, di nuouo per altro tanto ſpatio la ruotaua. </s> <s>non<lb></lb>dimeno queſta machina non calcaua ſe non col perno. </s> <s>onde giudi<lb></lb>co, che anco una macina ordinaria ſi potrebbe mouere con ruote <lb></lb>grandi, & con una molla grande alla proportione, ſe non calcaſſe: <lb></lb>ma calcando, ſarebbe biſogno fare aumento nella forza di tanto, <lb></lb>di quanto tutto il piano della macina è maggiore, che la punta del <lb></lb>fuſo, che la ſoſtiene: ilche ſe ſia poſſibile a porſi in opera, uegganlo <lb></lb>coloro, che alcuna fiata ſi ſono dati alle reali eſperienze de gli effet<lb></lb>ti artificioſi. </s> <s>Quindi anco è auenuto ch'io non ho mai uoluto dare <lb></lb>fede alle tante promeſſe d'Abel Fulone Cameriere del Re France<lb></lb>ſco uecchio di Francia, fatte nel principio del trattato del ſuo in<lb></lb>gegnoſiſſimo Olometro; oue allega l'autorità del Re iſteſſo, come <lb></lb>teſtimonio di uiſta. </s> <s>io ho bene ſempre creduto, che in uarie inuen<lb></lb>tioni di piccioli modelli egli fuſſe eccellentiſſimo, & con quelli di<lb></lb>lettaſſe aſſai l'animo del ſuo Re, il quale da natura fauöriua li uir<lb></lb>tuoſi; & era aſſai inchinato, ſenza eſſerne pero molto fondato ne <lb></lb>le ſcienze, come ſono quaſi tutti i Principi, aſimili artificioſi, & <lb></lb>utili magiſteri. </s> <s>con tutto cio quei ſuoi carri, che caminaſſero con <lb></lb>la forza del proprio carico, & quelle circolationi perpetue delle <lb></lb>acque morte, & altri ſimili effetti, od haueuano qualche coſa ce<lb></lb>lata a bello studio al Re, per piu dilettarlo, o ſenza dubbio alcuno <lb></lb>non ſarebbono riuſcite oue fuſſe stato bene il trarne piu preſio uti<lb></lb>le, che piacere. </s> <s>& quindi è auenuto, s'io nó m'inganno, che dopo <lb></lb>tanto tempo non ſe n'è mai uiſto proua ueruna utile in alcun luogo<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/069.jpg" pagenum="49"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Per gli iſteſſi auertimenti ancora ſi puo far giudicio della ſperanza <lb></lb>che ſi deueua porre nell'organo del moto fabricato in Venetia da <lb></lb>quello induſtrioſo, & dotto Bologneſe, di cui ho ragionato alquá<lb></lb>to nel precedente diſcorſo. </s> <s>eſſendo che una ruota dentata doueua <lb></lb>per ogni ſuo giro uoltare, almeno dodici uolte, ſei chiocciole. </s> <s>Ala<lb></lb>mane piu graui aſſai, per la ragione gia detta, di quella ch'io ho <lb></lb>formato di ſopra: ſenza pero accreſcere alla proportione la forza <lb></lb>del motore, il qual doueua eſſere uno, o duoi caualli con uantaggio <lb></lb>di ſolamente due braccia, o circa nel raggio lungo della statera, <lb></lb>accioche ſi faceſſe il giro piu preſto, & il mouimento delle chioc<lb></lb>ciole piu ueloce. </s> <s>ſe il raggio dentato fuſſe stato la metà piu corto, <lb></lb>& con la metà meno denti, il braccio lungo della statera haureb<lb></lb>be auanzato l'altro di gran parte, & la uelocità nó haurebbe fat<lb></lb>to tanto aumento come faceua. </s> <s>percio ſcemando il peſo doppiamé<lb></lb>te, la quarta parte ſolamente della forza haurebbe baſtato, per la <lb></lb>ragione detta. </s> <s>Gia l'eſperienza l'haueua moſtrato nel molino fatto <lb></lb>ſul lido di San Nicolò, in cui queſta iſteſſa statera coſi moderata, <lb></lb>& tirata da duoi caualli a pena poteua uoltare con mediocre uelo<lb></lb>cità una macina, la quale ſenza dubbio, benche calcaſſe, era d'aſ<lb></lb>ſai minor peſo, che l'acque di quelle ſei chiocciole non erano nel <lb></lb>pendio de'riuolgimenti loro. </s> <s>ma il deſiderio di fare, che la ueloci<lb></lb>tà ſatisfaceſſe alla poca quantità dell'acqua leuata dalle chiocciole <lb></lb>Alamane, diede certiſſima occaſione a queſto inganno.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ma per dare qualche eſſempio a maggiore chiarezza della uti<lb></lb>lità, & del danno, che potrebbe ſeguire ſe ſi moueſſero le chioccio<lb></lb>le con qualchuno di queſti iſtromenti, ſarà bene adducere l'uſo di <lb></lb>quelli, che ſarebbono stati piu a propoſito. </s> <s>Queſte ſono le ruote <lb></lb>chiamate deambulatorie, & ſono di quattro ſorti. </s> <s>La prima è <lb></lb>quella, che ordinariamente ſi moue col corſo dell'acqua, che con<lb></lb>tinuamente batte l'ultima circonferenza di lei: è gagliardiſſima <lb></lb>ſopra l'altre, per la uelocità del motore; & perche non ſolo ha la <lb></lb>impulſione col moto del corpo graue, ma l'ha uerſo il centro del <lb></lb>mondo; concorrendoui ambedue le cagioni dette poco fa nelle ra<lb></lb>gioni delle statere. </s> <s>L'altra è ſituata nell'iſteſſo modo, ſe non che <lb></lb>il motore ui camina dentro. </s> <s>& perche egli è animato, & conti<lb></lb>nuamente aſcende, non puo eſſere molto ueloce. </s> <s>tale è la ruota del <lb></lb>pozzo maggiore di Salſo: tale è quella che ſul Duomo di Milano<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/070.jpg" pagenum="50"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>alza con duoi huomini ſino alla cima della torre una Campana di <lb></lb>trecento peſi: & tali ſono quelle de gli Arzanà, con le quali ſi <lb></lb>traggono le galee dentro, & fuora dell'acqua; & gli altri gran<lb></lb>diſſimi peſi ſi mouono come ſi uuole. </s> <s>In alcune minere d'Alama<lb></lb>gna per ordinario certe capre, & certi groſſi cani le uolgono, quan <lb></lb>do il peſo non è de'piu graui, con facilità ineſtimabile. </s> <s>Scriue an<lb></lb>co Olao Magno ſcrittore dell'hiſtorie de'paeſi boreali, che gli orſi <lb></lb>in Sarmatia ſono ammaeſtrati a uoltarle con ageuolezza incom<lb></lb>parabile, & con peſi maggiori aſſai, che non s'alzerebbono col <lb></lb>mouimento de gli huomini. </s> <s>La terza ha pur anco il motore ani<lb></lb>mato nell'ultima circonferenza, ma l'ha di fuora, potendo eſſere <lb></lb>od huomo, o cauallo, o bue, od altro animale, che mentre s'affret<lb></lb>ta d'andare innanzi, cedendoli la ruota, rimane ſempre nell'iſteſſo <lb></lb>luogo. </s> <s>è deſcritta dall' Agricola nella nona figura delle machine <lb></lb>ſpiritali. </s> <s>L'ultima non ha il peſo del raggio maggiore ſpinto quaſi <lb></lb>rettaméte uerſo il centro del mondo come le ſouradette: piu preſto <lb></lb>ua quaſi orizontale, dando poco pendio al peſo, che moue: & per <lb></lb>cio li caualli, & i buoi, quanto ſia per la decaduta, ui poſſono ca<lb></lb>minare ſopra aſſai commodamente. </s> <s>Vna in queſta forma ne fu fat<lb></lb>ta a Barcone ſul Piacentino, & una ue n'è in Venetia a San Gio<lb></lb>uanni & Polo, che fa aſſai buono effetto in girare uelocemente la <lb></lb>macina d'un molino: tuttauia ha biſogno di quattro caualli, che ſi <lb></lb>mouono ſi ſconcertatamente, ſentendoſi ſempre mancare il ſoſtegno <lb></lb>ſotto a'piedi, che ſud ano copioſamente in breue tempo, & non poſ<lb></lb>ſono lungamente durare: talche per la ſouerchia fatica moltiſſimi <lb></lb>ne muoiono. </s> <s>ne è marauiglia che cio auenga, andando il peſo, che <lb></lb>moue ſu queſta ruota a linea quaſi piana uerſo il centro del mondo, <lb></lb>& non uenendo la forza dell'impulſione de gli animali d'altronde, <lb></lb>che da queſto poco pendio, il quale ſe fuſſe maggiore non potrebbe <lb></lb>poi eſſere a propoſito per li caualli, od altre beſtie ſimili. </s> <s>Èadun<lb></lb>que, contra il commune parere, la meno perfetta di tutte le ruote <lb></lb>deambulatorie. </s> <s>ne altro ha perſuaſo alcuni mathematici, & ar<lb></lb>chitetti a porla in uſo, che il uolere ſchiffare la ſpeſa de gli huomi<lb></lb>ni, che mouono la ſeconda, & la terza delle quattro dette. </s> <s>& tut<lb></lb>tauia moſtra poi l'eſperienza, che li molti animali, che ui ſono me<lb></lb>ſtieri, & ui muoiono, portano molto piu ſpeſa, che ſe fuſſe ſituata <lb></lb>in foggia di quelle due. </s> <s>Queſte ultime tre adunque (poſeia che<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/071.jpg" pagenum="51"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>della prima, oue è gran decaduta d'acqua copioſa, nó accade a du<lb></lb>bitarne, & fa poco al ſeruigio delle noſtre Chiocciole) ſono tarde <lb></lb>nel moto, ne poſſono rendere uelocità nel peſo, ſe li denti del raggio <lb></lb>corto non ſono molti, & le fuſa delle rocchette pochiſſime: allhora <lb></lb>ne ſegue cio ch'io diſſi nell'organo di Meſſer Aleſſandro: cioè, che <lb></lb>il braccio lungo della statera uince il breue di poco, & la forza del <lb></lb>motore non è moltiplicata conueneuolmente, ſi che baſti a riſpetto <lb></lb>della uelocità, ma la uelocità nella chiocciola è di maggiore uti<lb></lb>lità, che altra coſa ui concorra: perche non uerſando ella mai ac<lb></lb>qua ſe non ſi gira, quanto piu uelocemente, & con frequenza ſino <lb></lb>ad un certo termine ſi uolterà, tanto piu ſpeſſo, & uelocemente <lb></lb>uerſerà con abondanza d'acqua aſſai maggiore. </s> <s>Dico ſino ad un <lb></lb>certo termine, perche non è bene, che la uelocità ſia tanta, che nó <lb></lb>la poſſa tolerare il pendio di dentro. </s> <s>altrimente l'acqua ſarà ri<lb></lb>gorgo, ne potrà alzarſi iſpeditamente. </s> <s>Coſi, ſe la chiocciola ſarà <lb></lb>tanto grande, che habbia biſogno di ſimile iſtromento, caminerà <lb></lb>ſi tarda, che la quantità dell' acqua uſcita da una molto minore, <lb></lb>moſſa con honeſta uelocità, ſarà piu copioſa. </s> <s>Aggiungeſi che tali <lb></lb>iſtromenti ſono di grandiſſima ſpeſa, ſi per loro steſſi, come per la <lb></lb>stanza, che conuiene apparecchiare: ne poſſono traſportarſi da <lb></lb>luogo a luogo ſecondo diuerſe occorrenze, & occaſioni, che ſoglio<lb></lb>no intrauenire, ſenza gran perdita di tempo, & di danari. </s> <s>anzi <lb></lb>aſſettandole a noſtro uſo, haurebbeno biſogno di continua cuſtodia <lb></lb>in tutti e tempi dell'anno, per li pericoli del fuoco, & altri ſimili <lb></lb>diſaſtri. </s> <s>Il medeſimo ſi de intendere delle uiti perpetue, delle mar<lb></lb>tinelle, & di tutti gli iſtromenti, che ritardano il moto nel peſo. <lb></lb></s> <s>fra'quali forſe uenti forme ne ſono state ſigurate dal diligentiſſimo <lb></lb>Giorgio ne' ſuoi minerali: a benche anco in quelli ne ſono alcuni, <lb></lb>che uogliono motori di straordinaria lena: come è la machina che <lb></lb>ſi fabricò alle radici del monte Melibocco, la quale era uoltata da <lb></lb>uenti quattro caualli, entrandone otto per uolta alla fatica, per lo <lb></lb>ſpatio di quattro hore: & come erano le tre ordinate l'una ſopra <lb></lb>l'altra nel monte Carpato in Schemnicio, che ſi moueuano con no<lb></lb>uantaſette caualli, a fine di leuare l'acqua dalle ricchiſſime mine<lb></lb>re, accioche per tale impedimento elle non s'abandonaſſero, come <lb></lb>gia per l'iſteſſa cagione ſu laſciato l'utiliſſimo cauamento de'me<lb></lb>talli in Frimbergo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/072.jpg" pagenum="52"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Molti iſtromenti del moto, che non ſono in uſo ordinario piccioli <lb></lb>& grandi ho io uiſto nella Sala de' modelli di mare, che è nel pa<lb></lb>lazzo di San Nicolò del lido, moſtratimi da quel famoſo Soriano, <lb></lb>il quale hauendo accopiate inſieme le trocchie, gli argani, & i ro<lb></lb>toli, & hauendo fabricato duoi nauigli di gran ſpeſa, con tale ar<lb></lb>tiſicio, che ſe bene nó ſono molto ueloci, reggono pero ad ogni gra<lb></lb>uiſſimo carico a riſpetto de gli altri; caua del piu cupo fondo del <lb></lb>mare a pezzo a pezzo tutte le coſe graui, che ſono ſommerſe, & <lb></lb>ſi ſommergono alla giornata: & gia ha leuato buona parte della <lb></lb>materia del Galeone di quella Illuſtriß. Signoria, che affondò a gli <lb></lb>anni paſſati. </s> <s>Coſtui è molto ualent'huomo in ſimili impreſe: & ho <lb></lb>inteſo da alcuni nobili V initiani, che ha anco trouato il modo, col <lb></lb>quale le galee groſſe (coſa utiliſſima, & non mai piu fatta) ſi po<lb></lb>tranno mouere in mare ſenza uele, & ſenza uenti. </s> <s>& ueramente <lb></lb>ogni ragioneuole effetto ſi puo ſperare da un tale huomo, il quale, <lb></lb>come io conobbi ragionando in lungo con lui al meglio ch'io puoti, <lb></lb>per non hauere egli punto di cognitione della lingua latina, & po<lb></lb>chiſſima dell'italiana; ha letto, et inteſo la maggior parte di quelli <lb></lb>autori Caldei, & Egittij, che non hanno ſentito l'ingiurie del tem<lb></lb>po, & da'quali gli antichi Greci traſportarono la miglior parte de <lb></lb>principij mathematici; in maniera, che ſi poſſono piu preſto loda<lb></lb>re per hauer dato buon'ordine alle materie, che per hauerle ritro<lb></lb>uate, o notabilmente accreſciute. </s> <s>Vidi anco molte belle inuentio<lb></lb>ni in ſimile ſoggetto in caſa del diuino Signor Girolamo Ruſcelli <lb></lb>(felice memoria) reſtando stupefatto in conoſcere, che un'huomo <lb></lb>in modo raro ne'precetti delle tre lingue, che ſi puo meriteuolmen<lb></lb>te chiamare il moderno Ariſtarco, & l'antico Varone; ſia poi an<lb></lb>co ſi eccellente nell'altre dottrine, & ſpecialmente in queſte mathe<lb></lb>matice. </s> <s>& fu pur anco frutto dell' ineſtimabile corteſia di quel <lb></lb>gentiliſſimo ſpirito, che non mi conoſcendo a pena, ſolo perche ſi <lb></lb>auide, ch'io haueua qualche guſto di ſimili coſe, mi ſcoperſe uolen<lb></lb>tieri, & liberamente alcuni ritrouati, che altri haurebbono tenuti <lb></lb>ſecreti per trarne ſecondo l'occaſione qualche ſomma di denari. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nulladimeno tutti queſti iſtromenti nel noſtro proponimento non <lb></lb>ſarebbono di giouamento alcuno; non tanto perche ſono digrandiſ<lb></lb>ſima ſpeſa al paragone dell'utile dell' agricoltura, quanto perche <lb></lb>ricercano buomini d'altro ingegno, & prattica, che non poſſono<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/073.jpg" pagenum="53"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>eſſere in maneggiar loro, i miniſtri delle noſtre coltiuationi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Non uoglio gia per le ragioni ſouradette in tutto affermare, <lb></lb>che non ſi poſſa di nuouo proporre qualche modo, il quale con tutto <lb></lb>che non ſia contrario a'principij della ſcienza de'peſi, poſſa dare <lb></lb>grande aumento alla forza ſenza ſcemare la primiera uelocità del <lb></lb>pondo: anzi ſe la bontà d'alcuni Principi, od il commune danno, <lb></lb>ch'io non uorrei, che per cio ne ſeguiſſe all'armate Chriſtiane, non <lb></lb>mi s'opporranno, cio ſi potrà col mezo mio conoſcere, come poſſi<lb></lb>bile, & come effetto gia conſermato con ragioneuole eſperienza. <lb></lb></s> <s>Il che non meno ſi farebbe chiaro con l'utiliſſino, & degno di ſom<lb></lb>ma lode Aratro del molto Reuerendo Padre il P. Don Stefano Ca <lb></lb>taneo Nouareſe, Monaco della Congregatione Caſſineſe, & hora <lb></lb>digniſſimo. </s> <s>Abbate di San Proclo di Bologna: imperoche queſto <lb></lb>rariſſimo ingegno dopo gli studi non ſolamente delle ſacre lettere, <lb></lb>nelle quali con piu che mediocre cognitione della lingua latina, gre <lb></lb>ca, & hebrea egli è conſumatiſſimo (come bene ha moſtrato quan<lb></lb>do a nome di tutta la congregatione ſua ſedeua nel Concilo di Tren<lb></lb>to) ma di tutte le tre parti della filoſofia, le quali ſono con ottimi <lb></lb>fondamenti poſſedute da lui, s'è anco preſo honeſto piacere in fa<lb></lb>bricare, con l'aiuto della ſcienza de'peſi, uno artificioſo aratro, che <lb></lb>guidato da un'huomo ſolo, ſenza buoi, in terreno, che non ſia trop<lb></lb>po ſaſſoſo, ſarà poco meno dell'opera, che ſi ſuol fare con un'aratro <lb></lb>commune tirato da un par di buoi. </s> <s>Io ſpero che per uniuerſale be<lb></lb>neficio egli porrà finalmente ogni riſpetto da canto, & lo publiche<lb></lb>rà in nome ſuo: perche in nome di uno, o di duoi ſuoi amici egli ha <lb></lb>gia uoluto farlo; ancora che quegli huomini da bene non habbiano <lb></lb>uoluto ueſtir ſi delle penne del Pauone, & defraudare il meritato <lb></lb>honore appreſſo di coloro, che non ſono uolgari malegni, all'amico <lb></lb>ſuo, che ſi corteſemente, & ſi modeſtamente ſe n'ha uoluto priuare: <lb></lb>tenendo troppo conto d'un certo riſpettò, al mio giudicio piu auſte<lb></lb>ro, che non comporta la publica utilità,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Conſiderando io adunque le ſouradette ragioni, giudicai, che <lb></lb>fuſſe bene a proportionare talmente la Chiocciola, che ſi fuſſe po<lb></lb>tuto aſſettare con ageuolezza in ogni luogo, oue è l'acqua correte, <lb></lb>oue è morta, oue li fiumi ſcemano, & creſcono, oue ſi poſſono rac<lb></lb>cogliere l'acque ſorgenti, & fin almente ouunque ſia acqua di qua<lb></lb>lunque ſorte da leuarſi. </s> <s>Di piu auertì, che ſi poteſſe traſportare<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/074.jpg" pagenum="54"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>da luogo a luogo ſenza ſpeſa, ſenza fatica, & ſenza perdita di <lb></lb>tempo: ſi che anco oltra ad ogni altro commodo, dopo il tempo de <lb></lb>l'adacquare, ſi poteſſe conducere in luogo ſicuro da ogni diſaſtro. <lb></lb></s> <s>& per cio eleſſi di darle un'organo del moto leggiero, & di pochiſ<lb></lb>ſima ſpeſa in fabricarlo; moſſo in maniera da un'huomo ſolo, che <lb></lb>la ſpeſa del motore non fuſſe graue, a riſpetto dell'utile. </s> <s>Queſto è <lb></lb>stato una Cigognola ritorta nella forma, che quì diſotto è figurato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.074.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/074/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Per intendere la forma di cui, conuiene ſapere, che quaſi tutti <lb></lb>i piu periti artefici, & ſpecialmente gli Alamani, hanno ſempre <lb></lb>dato qualche piega alle cigognole, delle quali ſi ſono ſeruiti per <lb></lb>braccio lungo di statera, in alzare, & girare li peſi: facendolo <lb></lb>alcuna fiata per commodi tà, alcun'altra per non impedire la forza <lb></lb>ordmaria del uette, (coſi ſi potrà nominare taluolta queſto iſtro<lb></lb>mento con nome quaſi latino, ad imitatione de'latini, che trasfor<lb></lb>mando le uoci greche in conſonanza latina, uſauano con piu chia<lb></lb>rezza li termini della materia, che era loro alle mani) Ma queſte <lb></lb>piegature poi ſono paſſate in ſi grande abuſo, che un uette quaſi ſem<lb></lb>pre è giudicato di poca forza, ſe non è curuo in qualche parte di <lb></lb>lui. </s> <s>Et quindi è forſe anco deriuato il nome di cigognola per ec<lb></lb>cellenza; quaſi che queſti uetti non ſieno buoni, ſe non ſono ritorti <lb></lb>alla ſembianza del collo della Cigogna, che in molte guiſe ſi ſuole<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/075.jpg" pagenum="55"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>riuolgere. </s> <s>Sono poi anco stati alcuni lettterati, che non facendo<lb></lb>ne eſperienza alcuna, n'hanno uoluto rintracciare la ragione, & <lb></lb>hanno finalmente detto, che la piegatura rende piu lunga linea in <lb></lb>minore diametro, & che tutta la lunghezza della linea coſi cur<lb></lb>ua, ha forza come ſe fuſſe retta, & diſteſa: reſtando con tutto cio <lb></lb>il giro d'aſſai minore diametro, & di commódita ineſtimabile al <lb></lb>motore: percioche ſi potrà fare una cigognola d'un mezo cerchio <lb></lb>intiero, il quale haurà circonferenza d'un braccio, & mezo; & <lb></lb>il diametro non ſarà pero piu che circa un braccio. </s> <s>onde il motore <lb></lb>che non potrebbe fare circuito di tre braccia di diametro, ſe il uet<lb></lb>te fuſſe diſteſo, ne ſarà uno di due aſſai commodamente, ſaluando <lb></lb>la forza del moto per la piegatura, come ſe lo faceſſe di tre. </s> <s>È ben <lb></lb>uero che affermano, che nelle statere, oue il peſo naturale opera, <lb></lb>inchinando uerſo il centro del mondo, cio non ſarebbe di molto gio<lb></lb>uamento; & che in quel caſo ſia bene ſeguire la ragione della lun<lb></lb>ghezza del diametro; non hauendo riguardo alla piegatura. </s> <s>ma <lb></lb>oue la forza ſola animata non ſi propone altro centro, che il punto <lb></lb>oppoſto diametralmente al luogo in cui ella ſi ritroua, in tal caſo le <lb></lb>piegature ſono d'utilità ineſtimabile: percioche dicono, che la cur<lb></lb>uità ſempre allontana la ſucceſſione del moto dal centro ſopra cui ſi <lb></lb>moue il peſo. </s> <s>Ilche ſi conoſce chiaramente, ſecondo coſtoro, nelle <lb></lb>ruote, la circonferenza delle quali è ſoſtenuta dalle fuſa; poſcia che <lb></lb>hanno aſſai piu forza, che non porta il raggio della statera, & la <lb></lb>impulſione dell'aere. </s> <s>Dalle quali ragioni stimo io, che ſieno state <lb></lb>accettate cómunemente da ognuno tante uarie pieghe fatte in ogni <lb></lb>ſorte d'iſtromenti del moto, con tanta ſicurezza, che molti hanno <lb></lb>hauuto a dire, che con queſta ſola uia ſi puo aumentare la forza, <lb></lb>rimouendo la tardità: in modo che ſe ſi ſeguiſſero li precetti d'Ar<lb></lb>chimède nel ſuo libro delle linee ſpiritali, in fare le cigognole, ne <lb></lb>ſeguiriano effetti marauiglioſi: percioche potendoſi fare i giri pic<lb></lb>cioli, non oſtante, che le statere ſieno fatte piu lunghe, & piu ga<lb></lb>gliarde; chi dubiterà, che non debba reſtare l'iſteſſa uelocità nel <lb></lb>peſo con l'aumento della forza? </s> <s>Ma tutte queſte imaginationi ſi <lb></lb>prouano con l'eſperienza, & con altra piu ſoda ragione eſſere sta<lb></lb>te mal conſiderate: imperoche moltiſſime eſperienze, che io con <lb></lb>graue ſpeſa ho fatte non poche fiate, hanno moſtrato, che quanto <lb></lb>alla forza ordinaria le cigognole ſieno rette, o curue cadono in un<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/076.jpg" pagenum="56"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>medeſimo; & che ſempre la miſura della forza ſi piglia dal punto <lb></lb>in cul ſi troua il motore, al punto, che per linea retta uà al centro <lb></lb>del peſo: ne piu, ne meno come ſe il uette fuſſe tutto retto dal cen<lb></lb>tro ſino a quel punto, & come ſe ſi moueſſe col peſo naturale uerſo <lb></lb>il centro del mondo. </s> <s>Oltra di queſto, il douer uuole, che ſe il uette <lb></lb>per una par te di lui s'allontana dal centro del peſo (queſta è ragio <lb></lb>ne, che conuince del tutto) & per l'altra s'auicina, tanto perda di <lb></lb>forza per la parte, che s'auicina, quanto n'acquiſta per quella, <lb></lb>che s'allontana, alla proportione: & per l'oppoſta ragione perda a <lb></lb>quella per cui acquiſta. </s> <s>ne la ragione delle ruote puo tanto, che la <lb></lb>forza loro, quando è maggiore, che non importa la lunghezza <lb></lb>del raggio, non ſi debba tutta tirare dall'impulſione, & dal moui<lb></lb>mento dell'aere. </s> <s>anzi ſi uede, che con l'iſteſſa gagliardezza mo<lb></lb>uerà un'huomo pian piano, ſenza impulſione d'aere, una ruota di <lb></lb>raggi, tolta uia la circonferenza continua, come ſe ui fuſſe l'iſteſſa <lb></lb>circonferenza, la quale non paſſaſſe la lunghezza de'raggi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Io m'aueggo, che in tali ſoggetti ſarebbe bene hauere l'arte del <lb></lb>dire di Mercurio, il quale fu adorato da gli antichi per lo Iddio <lb></lb>dell'eloquenza piu preſto perche con le ſole parole, ſenza geſti, & <lb></lb>ſenza figure ſi faceua intendere chiaramente da ognuno, in qua<lb></lb>lunque oſcura materia egli ragionaſſe, che per altra cagione. </s> <s>pure <lb></lb>non potendo eſſere quì hora l'eloquenza di quello Iddio, & ſpecial<lb></lb>mente con meco, che tanto ſolamente m'arrogo d'heuerne acqui<lb></lb>ſtato, quanto baſta a fare conoſcere, anco con mediocre fatica, la<lb></lb>uerità delle coſe, ch'io tratto: non fia forſe male, ch'io deſcriua al<lb></lb>cune figure delle piu importanti; nelle quali con ſuo non prima pé<lb></lb>ſato danno, molti per altro ualent'huomini hanno preſo granchi di <lb></lb>non leggiera conſideratione. </s> <s>Ilche io farò tanto piu uolentieri, <lb></lb>quanto non ui eſſendo ſin'ad hora stato alcuno de gli autori latini, <lb></lb>od altra lingua, che n'habbia ſcritto particolarmente; ſon ſicuro, <lb></lb>ch'io ſchifferò nell'auenire a chi leggerà attentamente queſti pochi <lb></lb>ſeritti, molti trauagli, & non poche ſpeſe, ſe mai prendeſſe lui de<lb></lb>ſio d'occuparſi nell'operationi di queſti ingegnoſi ritrouati. </s> <s>che ue<lb></lb>ramente ſi dolce è il uedere naſcere qualche bello effetto, & cono<lb></lb>ſcerne la cagione in ſimili magiſteri, che pochiſon coloro, che pur <lb></lb>una uolta n'habbiano ſentito l'odore, che non ghiribizzino molte <lb></lb>uolte da ſe steſſi per dar fine a qualcheduna delle molte imagina-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/077.jpg" pagenum="57"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tioni di uarij effetti utili, & come a prima giunta ſi moſtrano aſſai <lb></lb>riuſcibili, che loro ſi uolgono per la fantaſia. </s> <s>ma tutta uia queſti <lb></lb>penſieri, ſe nó ſono in capo d'huomo piu che mediocremente ſcien<lb></lb>tiato; & come dice Galeno, che eſſendo da natura prudente, gia <lb></lb>habbia con lungo tempo, & grande studio fatto molte ſicure pro<lb></lb>ue; per la maggior parte rieſcono ſallaci: non ſenza uergogna, & <lb></lb>danno notabile dell'autore ſuo, s'egli nó ſarà in maniera agiato de' <lb></lb>beni della fortuna, che poſſa ſpenderne una parte ſenza pregiudi<lb></lb>cio dell'economica, in queſti honeſti, & anco quando c'ingannano <lb></lb>lodeuoli piaceri. </s> <s>imperoche tante cagioni di tutti quattro i gene<lb></lb>ri, & di tutti gli iſtromenti, & mezi, con tante proportioni di <lb></lb>gradi, talhora ui concorrono; che ſe bene non deue eſſer tenuta per <lb></lb>ignoranza groſſa quella che nelle primiere operationi impediſce gli <lb></lb>eſſetti deſiderati; quella tuttauia di coloro, che ſi perſuadono d'eſ<lb></lb>ſere quanto ſi conuiene ammaeſtrati nell'arti, che ui biſognano, & <lb></lb>non ſono, non merita eſcuſatione alcuna.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In duoi caſi adunque puo eſſere di giouamento la piegatura delle <lb></lb>cigognole: uno è quando il ſito del motore animato lui produce piu <lb></lb>forza una uolta, che l'altra: & queſta ſi dee piu preſto chiamare <lb></lb>commodità. </s> <s>L'altra è quando ſenza la piegatura il moto in una <lb></lb>parte di lui ſi rende difficiliſſimo, & quaſi impoſſibile: & queſto è <lb></lb>quando il motore moue con qualche mezo. </s> <s>La figura della prima <lb></lb>è ſecondo il uette d'alcune martinette tedeſche, & è queſta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.077.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/077/1.jpg"></figure><pb xlink:href="021/01/078.jpg" pagenum="58"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nella quale ſi uede, che per la piegatura la parte del moto piu fa<lb></lb>ticoſa ſi ſarà finire con la mano alquanto rimota dal petto, oue ella <lb></lb>ba maggior forza, che quando è lui troppo uicina. </s> <s>L'altra figu<lb></lb>ra della ſeconda è la ſeguente: uſata ſpecialmente nel mouimento <lb></lb>delle ruote, che ſi uoltano co'piedi, o che col uette moueno altre coſe<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb><figure id="id.021.01.078.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/078/1.jpg"></figure><lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>Nella quale ſe la corda fuſſe appeſa ad un uette diritto, & tiraſſe <lb></lb>perpendicolarmente come ſa, non ſolo non mouerebbe, ma talhora <lb></lb>ſarebbe cagione, che la ruota ſi fermaſſe, & reſtaſſe immobile: per<lb></lb>cioche tirando la corda il uette in ſe steſſo uerſo il ſuo centro, non <lb></lb>potrebbe cedere alla forza motiua, mentre che per l'impulſione <lb></lb>del mouimento primo, non paſſaſſe la linea perpendicolare: & <lb></lb>paſſata che l'haueſſe, non tirerebbe con la forza della miſura di <lb></lb>tutto il uette: perche ſempre il principio del moto della corda ſa<lb></lb>rebbe piu uicino al centro, che all'eſtremità del uette. </s> <s>Dal che ſi <lb></lb>puo comprendere quanto errino coloro, che fanno queſti uetti, che <lb></lb>non s'allontanano tanto per la curuità loro dal centro uerſo i lati, <lb></lb>quanto l'eſtremità è lontana dall'iſteſſo a linea dritta: & ſono nel <lb></lb>modo della figura, che ſegue, o ſimile.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/079.jpg" pagenum="59"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.079.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/079/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>In ogni altro caſo le piegature ſono ſouerchie, & di ſperanza in <lb></lb>tutto uana. </s> <s>Primieramente quel tanto lodato nelle uiti perpetue, <lb></lb>& ne'tir atori da metalli; non merita la lode, che piu ragioneuol<lb></lb>mente ſi deurebbe dare al raggio corto, che moue il peſo, od alla <lb></lb>moltiplicatione delle statere. </s> <s>E'queſto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.079.2.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/079/2.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Facciaſi adunque un cerchio dal centro al mezo della piegatu<lb></lb>ra: facciaſene un'altro dal centro all'eſtremità del uette: Non ſi <lb></lb>trouerà per la ragione del diametro del circolo, che il diametro,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/080.jpg" pagenum="60"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>che dà la forza al moto, ſi ſia allungato ne anco un punto. </s> <s>Dopo <lb></lb>queſto è il mezo cerchio, adoprato ſouente in Alemagna, nelle <lb></lb>machine hidranlice da piſtell.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.080.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/080/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nel mezo della piegatura egli ſi rimoue dal cétro per la metà, nel <lb></lb>fine nó ha piu uátaggio nel giro come ſe fuſſe diametro retto. </s> <s>Vn'al<lb></lb>tro ue n'è quaſi in forma del pletro della lira, a cui donaua il uanto <lb></lb>di forza M. Ceſare Buonacaſa architetto di gran riputatione aben<lb></lb>che piu preſto doueua darlo alla proportione del peſo alle statere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.080.2.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/080/2.jpg"></figure><pb xlink:href="021/01/081.jpg" pagenum="61"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Se bene queſto uette par che habbia uantaggio nella parte della <lb></lb>statera nel punto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A. <emph type="italics"></emph>ſino alla piegatura nel punto. </s> <s>B. lo perde pero <lb></lb>per l'altra parte, che ſe gli oppone dal punto. </s> <s>B. ſino al punto. </s> <s>C. <lb></lb>che è nel centro. </s> <s>Di piu con un'altro molto stauagante un'Archi<lb></lb>tetto Franceſe ſi penſò di potere moltiplicare la forza nel moto de' <lb></lb>remi delle galee, & ſi trouò ingannato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.081.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/081/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Perche il riuolgimento, che è nel punto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A. <emph type="italics"></emph>non creſce piu di <lb></lb>quello, che è nel punto. </s> <s>B. & nel punto. </s> <s>C. & è ſuperato da quella, <lb></lb>che è nel punto. </s> <s>D. il quale ha tutta la forza, come ſe fuſſe retto. <lb></lb></s> <s>Alla qual coſa uolendo fare prouedimento il Fulone ne formò un' <lb></lb>altro in queſto modo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/082.jpg" pagenum="62"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.082.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/082/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Egli ha tutta la forza nel punto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A. <emph type="italics"></emph>il punto. </s> <s>B. & il punto. </s> <s>C. <lb></lb>ſouerchi, per che ſono pari in diſtanza. </s> <s>Il punto. </s> <s>D. non ſolamente <lb></lb>non aggiunge forza, ma leua la gia acquiſtata: perche s'auicina <lb></lb>piu al centro: & coſi il prouedimento fu uano. </s> <s>Nell' errore di <lb></lb>auicinare la uirtù motrice con l'eſtremità del uette al centro, in<lb></lb>corſe quel grand'huomo, che gia promeſſe di uoler fare quei ſi fa<lb></lb>cili molini a gli Anconitani, de'quali ſi penſauano poi ſeruirſi gli <lb></lb>Rauennati, poi che furono accordati con l'Illuſtriſſimo Cardinale <lb></lb>di Sant' Angelo, che ſi rouinaſſero le macine edificate ſul fiume, <lb></lb>dal quale ne ſeguiua dannoſiſſimo diluuio alle loro campagne. <lb></lb></s> <s>Haueua queſto letterato, & induſtrioſo huomo fatto duoi uetti lun<lb></lb>ghi, ritorti, & fiſſi nel ſubbio del timpano dentato; uno oppoſto <lb></lb>all'altro per cagione dell'equilibrio. </s> <s>all'eſtremità di queſti attac<lb></lb>caua una catena, la quale giungeua quaſi al centro; & era girata <lb></lb>da due alette picciole, moſſe da duoi altri uetti ſimili, tirati pur <lb></lb>anch'eſſi da un'altra catena, uoltata da altre due picciole ale, & <lb></lb>finalmente moſſa da un uette ordinario. </s> <s>Il uette lungo era in que<lb></lb>sto modo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/083.jpg" pagenum="63"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.083.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/083/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nel quale ſe la catena tiraſſe ſenza auicinarſi mai piu al cen<lb></lb>tro di quello, che è l'eſtremità di lui, gagliardiſſima ueramente fa<lb></lb>rebbe la forza, per la lunghezza del ſuo diametro. </s> <s>ma eſſendo <lb></lb>neceſſario, che s'auicini ſe ſi dè mouere dalle due ale, tanto il uet<lb></lb>te perde della forza gia acquiſtata, quanto la catena s'appropin<lb></lb>qua al centro. </s> <s>Ho inteſo che il ualent'buomo ne fece la proua pri<lb></lb>ma che ne ragionaſſe con al cuno, in uno edificio grande come ha<lb></lb>ueua ad eſſere in effetto, in cui tuttauia la macina non calcaua: & <lb></lb>perche li riuſcì come haueua deſiderato, & con facilità ineſtima<lb></lb>bile, non ſi curò di prouare nella macina, che calcaſſe. </s> <s>Ilche credo <lb></lb>che aueniſſe perche la ragione uera di tirare il uette nell'eſtremità <lb></lb>ſua l'haueua ſi perſuaſo, che non conſiderò l'oppoſta; cioè, che la <lb></lb>forza del motore nell'alette, era uicina al centro. </s> <s>Vn ſimile er<lb></lb>rore preſe il diuino Michel' Angelo Buonaruoti, quando era gio<lb></lb>uane, & penſaua di uoltare la mal formata chiocciola di Vitruuio <lb></lb>(che queſto diuino ſpirito fu piu uolte in humore di uolerlariduce<lb></lb>re alla perfettione: & forſe, ſe non fuſſe stato diuertito da molte <lb></lb>altre impreſe, l'haurebbe fatto: percioche l'Eccellenza dell'Illu<lb></lb>ſtriſſimo Signore il Duca noſtro mi diſſe gia, che n'haueua uiſto una<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/084.jpg" pagenum="64"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>fabricata da lui gia uecchio, aſſai grande; la quale ſe ſi fuſſe potuto<lb></lb>mouere un poco meglio, uerſaua gran quantità d'acqua ad honeſta <lb></lb>altezza) con una lieua, che haueſſe il braccio corto fiſſo nel uette <lb></lb>a queſto modo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.084.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/084/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>La lieua era in uero fatta con gran ragione, & approuata dal<lb></lb>l'uſo de'Moſcouiti: li quali, come ce ne moſtra la figura Olao Ma<lb></lb>gno nell'Hiſtorie de'popoli ſettentrionali: con una ſi fatta lieua <lb></lb>moſſa in giro, uoltano uelocemente ruote grandiſſime, & graui, <lb></lb>con le quali purgano, & lauano li metalli nell'acque; & coſi stá<lb></lb>do diſtanti col braccio lungo della lieua, hanno forza grandiſſima, <lb></lb>& non ſi bagnano per lo ſpruzzar dell'acqua, come farebbono ſe il <lb></lb>uette ſecondo l'uſo ordinario fuſſe uicino alla ruota. </s> <s>ma nella ci<lb></lb>gognola non s'auide ſe non dopo il fatto, che il raggio, che s'ap<lb></lb>preſſa al centro, ruba quaſi tutta la lena al reſto del uette: & è ne <lb></lb>piu ne meno, come ſe la lieua fuſſe fiſſa in un uette lungo tanto quá<lb></lb>to è dal centro al punto oue ella è fiſſa. </s> <s>Veramente ſe queſto iſtro<lb></lb>mento fuſſe caduto bene a quel ualent'huomo, ſarebbe stato il piu <lb></lb>gagliardo, & facile per mouere in giro, fra quanti ſono mai stato <lb></lb>conoſciuti. </s> <s>auenga che con il uette ſi poteua dare al peſo quanto <lb></lb>raggio lungo s'haueſſe uoluto, & con la lieua ſi ſuperaua almeno <lb></lb>di ſei parti il raggio breue. </s> <s>Talche un'huomo ſolo ſaluando l'iſteſ<lb></lb>ſa uelocità, & non facendo con le braccia maggior giro di quel che<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/085.jpg" pagenum="65"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ſi ſoglia ordinariamente da ognuno, haurebbe oprato almeno per <lb></lb>la forza d'altri diece. </s> <s>tutto l'inganno fu nella piegatura: di cui ſi <lb></lb>poſſono dare due certiſſime regole: vna quando ſi conſidera la for<lb></lb>za in un raggio ſolo; & è che tanto ſempre acquiſta di forza il <lb></lb>uette, quanto l'eſtremità di lui, in cui è il motore od animato, od <lb></lb>innanimato, s'allontana dal centro: non hauendo riguardo a tutte <lb></lb>le parti, ancor che fuſſero o piu rimote, o piu propinque. </s> <s>l'altra, <lb></lb>quando ſi conſidera la forza in duoi raggi; & è che la piegatura <lb></lb>dell'uno non nuoce alla forza dell'altro, ſe nó quanto l'eſtremitati ſi <lb></lb>ritrouano rimote dal punto ſopra cui ſi moue la statera. </s> <s>& con <lb></lb>queſta ſeconda ſi portano molte commodità a'motori, per alzare <lb></lb>piu alto ſenza diſcómodarſi, che nó ſi farebbe con la statera retta, <lb></lb>& per mouere diuerſe coſe, & diuerſamente con un moto ſolo. <lb></lb></s> <s>Delle quali, perche hora non fanno al propoſito della Chiocciola no<lb></lb>ſtra, non è bene, che ſe ne dica altro. </s> <s>Vno eccellente Architetto <lb></lb>Napoletano, che ſi chiamaua il Gaietta, penſò di fuggire il gran<lb></lb>chio di Michel'angelo, & inciampò in un'altro di gran lunga peg<lb></lb>giore. </s> <s>Formò il uette in ſimil figura.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.085.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/085/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ciudicando con queſto riuolgimento di raddoppiare la lena: per<lb></lb>che il raggio non s'appreſſaua al centro per uia diametrale. </s> <s>Ma il <lb></lb>Filandro nell' Academia di Roma, allhora che a perſuaſione di<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/086.jpg" pagenum="66"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>Meſſer Claudio Tolomei quelli huomini dottiſſimi ſi diedero a cor<lb></lb>reggere, & illuſtrare l'opera di Vitruuio lungamente giaciuta nel<lb></lb>le tenebre, col compaſſo in mano fece lui conoſcere, che queſto uet<lb></lb>te ha maggior forza, che qualunque de gli altri communi; ne ha<lb></lb>uerebbe giouato in altro, che in tenere fiſſa la lieua col perno della <lb></lb>Chiocciola. </s> <s>imperoche facendoſi il cerchio nella ſua piegatura, <lb></lb>haurà di diametro, poniamo caſo, un braccio; facendoſi nell'eſtre<lb></lb>mità, non ne haurà ne anco due oncie; & tanto gietta per una li<lb></lb>nea, quanto guadagna per l'altra; ſe non che una ſi troua lontana <lb></lb>alquanto dall'altra: & da queſta diſtanza ſolamente ſi piglia la <lb></lb>ragione della forza. </s> <s>Ne gioua che ui ſia diſferenza, per coſi di<lb></lb>re, dal moto impulſiuo, al moto attratiuo; perche nell'attratione, <lb></lb>od impulſione fatta uerſo la piegatura, la forza è l'iſteſſa, uolendo <lb></lb>mouere in giro. </s> <s>non ſarebbe gia coſi ſe ſi uoleſſe mouere a moto <lb></lb>retto: perche nel giro il punto ſolamente, oue è il motore, lauora; <lb></lb>facendo il cerchio col diametro, che egli ha dal ſuo centro. </s> <s>Alla <lb></lb>diſferenza de'moti perche non hanno hauuto l'occhio molti per al<lb></lb>tro galant'huomini, ſono ſdrucciolati molte uolte, quanto ſia per <lb></lb>queſte inuentioni, dalla ſua primiera riputatione.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Baſtino per hora queſti eſſempi, de'quali habbiamo diuiſato ſin <lb></lb>quì, li quali ſenza dubbio ſaranno di grande utilità per iſchiffare <lb></lb>molti errori, ne'quali tutto dì ſi ſcuopre, che alcuni belli ingegni <lb></lb>ſogliono incorrere. </s> <s>Et poſcia che a baſtanza habbiamo trattato di <lb></lb>queſto argomento per intendere la forza del noſtro uette; tornando <lb></lb>al propoſito di lui, dico che la piegatura in quello non gioua ſe non <lb></lb>alla commodità del motore, & in tanto ageuola il moto, quanto <lb></lb>cagiona l'equilibrio nel peſo di ſe steſſo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/087.jpg" pagenum="67"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.087.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/087/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Tutto cio che è dal punto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A. <emph type="italics"></emph>ſino al punto. </s> <s>B. è ſouerchio, quanto <lb></lb>ſia per la forza, che uiene dalla natura del uette: per che la parte, <lb></lb>che è dal punto. </s> <s>B. al punto. </s> <s>C. ſe gli oppone con uguale potenza. <lb></lb></s> <s>Voglio dire, che facendoſi il cerchio nel punto. </s> <s>B. ſarà uinto in dia<lb></lb>metro da quello, che ſarà fatto nel punto. </s> <s>D. & dal grado di tal <lb></lb>uittoria naſce tutta la forza. </s> <s>Ma perche quando il motore ha <lb></lb>mandato l'eſtremità del uette uerſo il centro del'mondo, eſſendo il <lb></lb>uette inſieme col manico ſuo, graue di circa trenta libre, è poi bi<lb></lb>ſogno, che ſia alzato un'altrà uolta con piu fatica di molto (all'in <lb></lb>giu il uette ui corre có moto naturale, & all'in ſu biſogna tirarlo) <lb></lb>percio è stato utiliſſimo aggiungerui quella parte, circuendo dal <lb></lb>punto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> A. <emph type="italics"></emph>ſino al punto. </s> <s>C. poſcia che in tal maniera s' è fatto l'equi<lb></lb>librio, & la parte aggiunta con la ſua grauezza leua l'altra: di <lb></lb>modo che in ogni giro ſi ſottragge fatica al motore di alzare tren<lb></lb>ta libre di peſo, o circa, all'altezza di due braccia: la qual fatica <lb></lb>ſola ſarebbe atta a ſneruare in breuiſſimo tempo ogni gran lena di <lb></lb>huomo. </s> <s>ſenza che douendoſi alzare queſto peſo, quando le mani <lb></lb>ſono piu uicine al petto, nel qual ſito ſi ſente (& ſi potrebbe anco <lb></lb>prouare con ragione parte medicinale, & parte mathematica) <lb></lb>che la uirtù loro manca aſſai, è stato molto commodo lo ſcemare <lb></lb>il peſo con l'equilibrio. </s> <s>abenche di tale equilibrio ne dirò anco <lb></lb>qualche coſa fra poco, diſcorrendo ſopra la statera del Tartaglia,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/088.jpg" pagenum="68"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tralaſciata da Ariſtotele. </s> <s>Ora con queſto uette l'huomo ha un <lb></lb>braccio di raggio lungo, & non eſſendo la Chiocciola nel ſuo peſo <lb></lb>piu che ott'oncie groſſa, il raggio corto del pondo che comincia nel <lb></lb>mezo del perno ſarà di quattr'oncie, ſi che il uette uincerà di due <lb></lb>parti, & un'huomo haurà forza di tre, ſe fuſſero col uette di pare <lb></lb>raggio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Si potrà dunque porre queſta Chiocciola in qualunque luogo ſi <lb></lb>uoglia, che ſempre un'huomo di mediocre lena alzerà dodici oncie <lb></lb>d'acqua continua, & con maggior corſo dell'ordinario, all'altez<lb></lb>za di circa ſette braccia. </s> <s>Ne la ſpeſa del mantenere il motore ſa<lb></lb>rà tanta, che l'utile dell'acqua non paſſi di gran lunga ogni danno. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ilche chiaramente ſi moſtrerà nel terzo diſcorſo. </s> <s>Se l'altezza de <lb></lb>la ripa non ſarà piu che ſette braccia, ſi fara un moto ſolo nella fog<lb></lb>gia, che nella prima delle due ſeguenti figure ſi contiene, ſegnata <lb></lb>per numero di<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 69. <emph type="italics"></emph>& per regiſtro di E<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 3. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Dichiaratione della prima delle due <lb></lb>ſeguenti figure.</s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>A. </s> <s>Il uette.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>B. Acqua, che s'alza.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>C. Acqua, che rieſce.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>D. </s> <s>Linea della eleuatione di ſette braccia, & mezo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>E. </s> <s>Chiocciola lunga tredici braccia, groſſa circa noue oncie.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>F. </s> <s>Perno di ſopra lungo fuor della Chiocciola un braccio, o circa.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>G. Canale, che riceue l'acqua, & la porta uia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Se l'altezza della ripa paſſerà dalle ſette braccia ſino alle tre<lb></lb>dici, o circa, ſi faranno duoi moti: & allhora ſi perde d'altezza <lb></lb>quanto importa la profondità del uaſo, che porge l'acqua al ſecon<lb></lb>do ordine, che ſarà circa un braccio ſolamente: & ſecondo Vi<lb></lb>truuio, come habbiamo dichiarato di ſopra, ſarebbe in tanta al<lb></lb>tezza piu di quattro. </s> <s>La figura è quella ſeconda delle due che ſe<lb></lb>guono, ſegnata per numero<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 70. <emph type="italics"></emph>& per regiſtro E<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> 4. <pb xlink:href="021/01/089.jpg" pagenum="69"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.089.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/089/1.jpg"></figure></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/090.jpg" pagenum="70"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.090.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/090/1.jpg"></figure><pb xlink:href="021/01/091.jpg" pagenum="71"></pb><p type="head"> <s>Dichiaratione della ſeconda figura <lb></lb>delle due precedenti.</s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>A. Acqua, che s'alza.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>B. </s> <s>Linea di ſette braccia, & mezo della prima eleuatione.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>C. </s> <s>Linea di altre ſette braccia, & mezo della ſeconda eleuatione:<lb></lb>maſe ne perde un braccio nella prima, per l'altezza del ca<lb></lb>nale di legno.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>D. </s> <s>Canale di legno, che riceue l'acqua dal primo ordine, & la <lb></lb>porge al ſecondo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>E. Canale, che uniſce l'acqua, & la mena uia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>F. </s> <s>Chiocciola lunga tredici braccia, groſſa circanoue oncie.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>G. </s> <s>Soſtegni del primo ordine fiſſi nel canale di legno.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Si uede, che ognuno di queſti pezzi è mobile, & ſi puo traſpor<lb></lb>tare ouunque ſi uuole.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Si fa anco ſapere, che in tutte queſte figure s'è hauuto poca cura <lb></lb>per tirarle in proſpettiua, facendo li ſcorzi, & l'ombre, ſecondo <lb></lb>l'arte: percioche coſi figurando non ſi ſarebbe potuto hauer la mi<lb></lb>ſura giuſta delle parti: anzi molte coſe, che ſecondo la ragione di <lb></lb>proſpettiua non ſarebbono uiſte, ſi ſono quaſi diſegnate al contra<lb></lb>rio, accioche ſi ſcoprano.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ma ſe qualchuno non ſi curerà di fare maggiore iſpeſa per una <lb></lb>fiata, & uorrà fabricare uno edificio stabile, cuſtodito continua<lb></lb>mente per gli pericoli, che poſſono accadere; ſi potrà ſeruire della <lb></lb>statera del molino edificato nel lido di San Nicolò: perche in uero <lb></lb>è tale, che non moltiplicandoſi piu la uelocità delle chiocciole, che <lb></lb>quando elle ſon moſſe da huomini, un cauallo ne potrà mouere tre <lb></lb>aſſai commodamente: pur che il raggio della lieua, a cui ſi lega il <lb></lb>cauallo, ſia proportionato di forza al timpano dentato, & alle fu<lb></lb>ſa delle rocchette. </s> <s>Sieno adunque le rocchette di otto fuſa in dia<lb></lb>metro di circa mezo braccio: ſia il timpano dentato di quaranta <lb></lb>denti, in diametro di due braccia: ſia la lieua tirata dal cauallo <lb></lb>circa cinque braccia: ella uincerà di quattro parti il ſemidiame<lb></lb>tro, cioè, il raggio del timpano, & ſarà anco aiutata alquanto<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/092.jpg" pagenum="72"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>dalla lieua della rocchetta. </s> <s>Et perche il giro del cauallo ſara di <lb></lb>circa trent'un braccio; & quel dell'huomo fatto col uette, che è un <lb></lb>braccio, non è ſe non poco piu di ſei braccia, il cauallo uincerà di <lb></lb>circa cinque parti: & tante a punto ſono le uolte, che fanno le <lb></lb>Chiocciole in un giro del cauallo: perche l'otto delle fuſa entra cin<lb></lb>que uolte nel quaráta de'denti, ſiche la uelocità ſarà quaſi l'iſteſſa: <lb></lb>auengache per ogni ſei braccia del giro del cauallo, la Chiocciola <lb></lb>ſi uolterà una uolta, come ſi uoltaua una uolta nelle ſei braccia del <lb></lb>giro dell'huomo; ſpecialmente ſe ſi computerà, che il cauallo per <lb></lb>ordinario puo hauere moto alquanto piu ueloce, che il giro dell'huo <lb></lb>no. </s> <s>La forza anco, ſupponendo che il cauallo n'habbia per tre <lb></lb>buomini, quando ui fuſſe parità in ogni parte, baſterà aſſai bene: <lb></lb>perche le Chiocciole ſimilmente ſono tre, & la statera del cauallo, <lb></lb>inſieme con quella della rocchetta, uince di quanto baſta; cioè, di <lb></lb>piu di due parti di piu. </s> <s>Se la liena del cauallo ſarà piu lunga, il <lb></lb>moto ſarà piu facile, quanto al peſo; ma biſognerà, uolendo ſalua<lb></lb>re la uelocità nel peſo, che il cauallo s'affretti piu in caminare; per <lb></lb>che ſarà piu gran giro, ne forſe meno s'affaticherà per la fretta <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan><lb></lb>men graue peſo, che con poco piu graue, hauendo paſſo alquanto <lb></lb>piu tardo. </s> <s>Se il timpano ſi ſarà di piu denti, inſieme con la state<lb></lb>ra lung a del cauallo, per ſaluare l'iſteſſa uelocità, & leuare la fret<lb></lb>ta al motore, l'effetto riuſcirà in un medeſimo con quel di ſopra, <lb></lb>ch'io ho lodato. </s> <s>tuttauia ſi ſarà piu ſpeſa nella machina, & occu<lb></lb>peraſi piu grande ſpatio fuor di propoſito. </s> <s>Se la lieua non ſarà piu <lb></lb>lunga della ſouradetta, & il timpano haurà piu denti, cioè, cin<lb></lb>quanta, o ſeſſanta; allhora quanto ſi uorrebbe, che creſceſſe la ue<lb></lb>locità, tanto ſi rende difficile il moto al cauallo; ſi per lo raggio del <lb></lb>peſo, che ſi fa piu lungo allargandoſi il timpano dentato, ſi per la <lb></lb>forza, che non aumenta alla proportione della uelocità: ne è la <lb></lb>peggiore statera di queſta, nella quale il cauallo a pena con gran<lb></lb>diſſima fatica ſi potrà mouere. </s> <s>Facciaſi adunqne queſto iſtromento <lb></lb>con la ſimmetria, che s'è detto poco ha.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quiui ſarebbe tempo opportuno di diſcorrere ſe i gradi o della <lb></lb>forza, o del peſo, o delle qualità naturali aggiunti inſieme ſi mol<lb></lb>tiplicano alla proportione : come ſe ad un grado di freddo ui ſe n'ag<lb></lb>giunga un'altro grado pare, ſe la forza d'ambiduoi inſieme ſarà <lb></lb>doppia in operatione a riſpetto d'ognuno di loro, & coſi di molte<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/093.jpg" pagenum="73"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>altre piu dubbioſe proportioni. </s> <s>& certo il ſaperſi di queſta mate<lb></lb>ria è molto neceſſario a tutte l'arti, che hanno il ſuo fine nell'opera<lb></lb>tioni. </s> <s>ma perche io non ſcriuo queſti diſcorſi penſando, che gli <lb></lb>huomini ſcientiati ui debbano porre molto studio, ma ſolamente <lb></lb>ho loro raccolto quaſi alla sfuggita, per moſtrar l'uſo della Chioc<lb></lb>ciola, il quale ſeguirà piu dall'eſperienza, che da altro; io trala<lb></lb>ſcierò per hora di ragionarne: tanto piu che con uie piu neceſſaria, <lb></lb>& importante occaſione n'ho gia ſcritto (s'io non m'inganno) quá<lb></lb>to ſi conuiene in altri libri latini, che io ho ancora per le mani, di <lb></lb>alcune materie medicinali; & ſpecialmente di molte appertenenti <lb></lb>alle ſublimationi: imperoche la proportione di queſti gradi a Me<lb></lb>dici ſpecialmente (benche pochi ſe ne curino) è cagione di far riu<lb></lb>ſcire effetti alcuna ſiata peſſimi nelle compoſitioni de'medicamenti, <lb></lb>& nell'altre coſe, che ſi generano dalla miſtione delle qualitati ele<lb></lb>mentari. </s> <s>& il medeſimo auiene nell'operationi di quaſi tutte l'al<lb></lb>tre arti. </s> <s>Il Monte, & il Fracaſtorio ambiduoi Veroneſi, quello <lb></lb>nel ſuo libro de'medicamenti, & queſti nel trattato de'morbi con<lb></lb>tagioſi, accennarono di uoler riſoluere queſto ſoggetto tralaſciato, <lb></lb>od almeno non trattato quanto ſi conuiene da Galeno, & da tutti <lb></lb>gli altri buoni Scrittori antichi; & non lo compirono di fare per le <lb></lb>molte occupationi, & per la morte, che loro s'interpoſe. </s> <s>Io ſono <lb></lb>gia tanto auanti nell'iſteſſa fatica, ch'io ſpero, ſe il Signor IDDIO <lb></lb><emph type="italics"></emph>mi concederà ſolamente la metà di quegli anni, che per lo corſo na<lb></lb>turale ſi poſſono promettere alla mia temperatura, ancorche de<lb></lb>bole, di fare in modo, che ſe non perfettamente, almeno con gran<lb></lb>de utilità de gli studioſi ſarà per me trattato queſto utiliſſimo ar<lb></lb>gomento. </s> <s>Hora torniamo all'organo del moto da uſarſi col caual<lb></lb>lo, la figura di cui è la ſeguente.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/094.jpg" pagenum="74"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>A. </s> <s>Chiocciole di tredici braccia di lunghezza, ſituate ſecondo la <lb></lb>ſua giuſta eleuatione.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>B. </s> <s>Rocchette fiſſe in un palo orizontale, che con un uette fiſſo nella <lb></lb>Cigognola delle Chiocciole danno loro il mouimento.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>C. </s> <s>Subbio dritto uerſo il cielo, che ſi gira di ſotto ſopra un perno <lb></lb>apuntato, & di ſopra dentro ad un cerchietto di bronzo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>D. </s> <s>Timpano dentato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>E. </s> <s>Lieua a cui s'attacca il cauallo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>F. </s> <s>Ruota per ageuolare il moto con l'impulſione dell'aere.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>G. Canale, che riceue l'acqua.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/095.jpg" pagenum="75"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.095.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/095/1.jpg"></figure></s></p><figure id="id.021.01.095.2.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/095/2.jpg"></figure><pb xlink:href="021/01/096.jpg" pagenum="76"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nondimeno eſſorto tutti quelli, che ſono per ſeruirſi della Chioc<lb></lb>ciola, che piu preſto la facciano uoltare da gli huomini col uette <lb></lb>ſouradetto, che da'caualli con timpani dentati: percioche oltra <lb></lb>che la fabrica ſi ſarà con minor ſpeſa, & ſi potrà portare in diuerſi <lb></lb>luoghi ſecondo il biſogno, non hauendoſi cagione di farla cuſtodire <lb></lb>tutto l'anno; ſi potrà anco alzare l'acqua con doppio ordine, come <lb></lb>s'è figurato di ſopra: il che malageuolmente ſi potrebbe ſare con <lb></lb>caualli, & ſi ſchifferà il danno grande, che potrebbe molte uolte <lb></lb>ſeguire, ſe rompendoſi un dente nel timpano, od un fuſo nelle roc<lb></lb>chette, ſi dimoraſſe buon ſpatio di tempo ſenza poter cauar acqua, <lb></lb>quando piu ne fuſſe il diſaggio. </s> <s>che certo queſti iſtr <expan abbr="omẽti">omenti</expan> da ruote, <lb></lb>da denti, & da fuſa hanno quaſi ſempre biſogno di buoni maeſtri, <lb></lb>che loro tengono agiuſtati, & racconciati; altrimenti ſi fermano <lb></lb>ſouente ſenza poter lauorare: talche eſſendo ſoportabile la ſpeſa de <lb></lb>gli huomini (come ſi moſtrerà nel terzo ragionamento) a riſpetto <lb></lb>del guadagno, & riuſcendo con piu commodità, con piu facilità, et<lb></lb>piu ſicuramente non poſſo ſe non ragioneuolmente conſigliare, che <lb></lb>ella s'anteponga a qualunque artificio di quelle ruote dentate.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Reſta hora, che io breuemente ragioni alquanto circa due altre <lb></lb>conditioni utili alla Chiocciola. </s> <s>una è, di darle il moto quando ſi<lb></lb>uolta da gli huomini un poco piu facile, che non è detto di ſopra. <lb></lb></s> <s>l'altra è di ſegnare un luogo ſul Piacentino, oue aſſai ageuolmente <lb></lb>ella ſi protrebbe mouere col corſo del fiume: & il medeſimo ſi fa<lb></lb>rebbe ne gli altri fiumi quando le circoſtanze fuſſero l'iſteſſe. </s> <s><expan abbr="Quã">Quam</expan> <lb></lb>to alla prima è da ſapere, che Nicolò Tartaglia ne'ſuoi queſiti, & <lb></lb>anco nel trattato de'peſi, rintracciò una ragione aſſai buona, di cui <lb></lb>non ne diſſe parola alcuna Ariſtotele nelle quiſtioni delle statere, <lb></lb>con la quale egli prouò, che una statera di pare raggio, & uguale <lb></lb>peſo nell'eſtremità de'raggi, ancorche ſia uoltata in mille parti, ri<lb></lb>tornerà ſempre da ſe steſſa, ſe coſa alcuna non la sforza, al giuſtiſ<lb></lb>ſimo equilibrio: imperoche in qualunque altro ſito fuora del <expan abbr="perpẽ">perpem</expan> <lb></lb>dicolare, & dell'equilibrio ſarà poſto il peſo piu eleuato di queſta <lb></lb>statera, ſempre haurà ſotto di ſe lo ſpatio piu retto, per cui haurà <lb></lb>a paſſare: & percio ſarà ſempre piu graue ſecondo il ſito, ſinche ſi <lb></lb>troui nell'equilibrio; oue è sforzato a fermarſi ritrouandoſi ambi<lb></lb>doi li peſi in ogni coſa uguali, et per la natura della ſua piu propria <lb></lb>grauezza, & per la conditione del ſito. </s> <s>Da queſta ragione hanno<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/097.jpg" pagenum="77"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>cauato alcuni, che ſia bene, uolendoſi mouere un peſo in giro a porli <lb></lb>ſopra almeno due di queſte statere incrocciate ad angoli retti, con <lb></lb>quattro palle di peſo uguale, una per ogni eſtremità: perche dicono <lb></lb>che <expan abbr="sforzãdoſi">sforzandoſi</expan> queſti peſi tornar ſempre all'equilibrio, & eſſendo<lb></lb>uene ſempre uno (ſe non in quel breuiſſimo ſpatio ch'egli è nella li<lb></lb>nea perpendicolare) che reſta di ſopra inchinato all'equilibrio, le <lb></lb>ſtatere quaſi da ſe ſteſſe, o có poco aiuto uoltano il peſo in giro ſopra <lb></lb>cui ſon fiſſe. </s> <s>Quando il peſo s'haueſſe a mouere per mezo giro ſo<lb></lb>lamente, queſta ragione ſarebbe uera anco con una ſtatera ſola; ma <lb></lb>douendoſi mouere per un giro intiero, la palla, che nel mezo giro <lb></lb>è ſtata in fauore nell'altro mezo s'oppone altrotanto per hauer ſito <lb></lb>contrario. </s> <s>& benche ſia aiutato dall'altro peſo dell'altra statera, <lb></lb>che ſcende, il guadagno nó è maggior della perdita; & quanto ſia <lb></lb>per queſta ragione tanto uiene a punto come ſe non ui fuſſero ne ſta<lb></lb>tere, ne palle: ſiche queſt'opera è in tutto ſouerchia. </s> <s>L'impulſione <lb></lb>dell'aere fatta con forza d'un corpo graue puo bene aiutare <expan abbr="alquã">alquam</expan><lb></lb>to; percioche l'aere di ſopra dal peſo baſſo, ſpinta dal peſo alto cac<lb></lb>cia il peſo baſſo, a cui per la ſua grauezza l'aere ſotto di lui cede <lb></lb>aſſai; tanto piu quando ha incominciato a circolare, & ad ondeg<lb></lb>giare nel modo, che inſegnano i Filoſofi, & ſpecialmente Auerrois <lb></lb>(perche in queſta cagione è diſcordia fra Platone, & Ariſtotele) <lb></lb>diſputando ſopra il moto della naue nel fiume, & della ſaetta nell' <lb></lb>aere. </s> <s>Piu continuo tuttauia farebbe il circolare, & l'ondeggiare <lb></lb>dell'aere, ſe il corpo moſſo non uſciſſe mai dell iſteſſo luogo: come <lb></lb>auene nelle ruote giuſte, & <expan abbr="cõtinue">continue</expan> per ogni parte di loro: nel mo<lb></lb>to delle quali l'aere nó rende fatica mentre che ſi taglia, ne la uelo<lb></lb>cità ſi ritarda per dar tempo all'aere, che entri nel luogo del corpo <lb></lb>moſſo; accioche o non ſi dia il uacuo, od il moto in un'iſtante: dal<lb></lb>che auiene che quanto piu i raggi delle ruote Jono acuti in ambidoi <lb></lb>i lati in forma di rombo, tanto meno impediſcono. </s> <s>Et quádo alcuni <lb></lb>hanno detto che nelle ruote da'raggi l'aere, che è nel mezo di loro <lb></lb>gira come ſe fuſſe un corpo cótinuo, queſto ſi puo forſe ueriſicare nel <lb></lb>le ruote che ſi mouono ſu i perni fermi, che ſopra gli aſſi mobili <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſarebbe uero. </s> <s>Meglio adunque uerrebbe ſe ſi cóponeſſe una ruota <lb></lb>a cui la Chiocciola fuſſe ſoſtegno, & ambedue ſi giraſſero ſu i perni <lb></lb>medeſimi, la quale nella noſtra Chiocciola potrebbe eſſert di ſei <lb></lb>braccia di diametro, nel modo figurato quì appreſſo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/098.jpg" pagenum="78"></pb><figure id="id.021.01.098.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/098/1.jpg"></figure><pb xlink:href="021/01/099.jpg" pagenum="79"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>A. </s> <s>Chiocciola di tredici braccia di lunghezza.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>B. </s> <s>Ruota per ageuolare il moto fiſſa nella Chiocciola.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>C. </s> <s>Eleuatione dëlla Chiocciola di ſette braccia, & mezo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Imperoche la statera di queſta ruota in ogni parte di lei ha l'equi <lb></lb>librio, & non ſi mouendo mai fuora dell'iſteſſo luogo, col <expan abbr="mouimẽ-to">mouimen<lb></lb>to</expan> dell'aere fatto dalla grauezza ſua, da cui naſce il giro, gioue<lb></lb>rebbe aſſai al moto. </s> <s>ilche di maniera ſi uede per <expan abbr="eſperiẽza">eſperienza</expan> in mol<lb></lb>ti iſtromenti, che afferma l' Agricola queſte ruote in Alemagna <lb></lb>ſopperire per la metà della forza del motore: percioche oue biſo<lb></lb>gnano duoi huomini ſenza la ruota, non ne ſogliono adoperare ſe <lb></lb>non uno quando quella ui ſia. </s> <s>Ma io non ho uoluto aggiungerui <lb></lb>queſta ruota prima, perche l'huomo baſta aſſai da ſe steſſo ſenza <lb></lb>altro aiuto; poi perche in ogni caſo mi piace, che queſto iſtromento <lb></lb>ſia ageuole in maneggiarſi, in porſi al ſito dell'opra ſua, & in tra<lb></lb>ſportarſi ſenza impedimento, & fatica da luogo a luogo, ſecondo <lb></lb>l'occaſione. </s> <s>l'ho bene aggiunta nel fuſo del timpano dentato dell' <lb></lb>organo del cauallo; perche quello ſi ſuppone che debba eſſere sta<lb></lb>bile, & ben cuſtodito.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quanto alla ſeconda, ſcriue il Ceſarieſe, & ſi puo comprende<lb></lb>re da'ſegni laſciati, che gia molti anni il Po, poi che haueua laſcia<lb></lb>to Portalbera, luogo uicino ad Arena di Beccaria, ſi partiua in <lb></lb>tre rami; il deſtro de'quali uenendo in giu correua lungo alla col<lb></lb>lina di Sarmedo, ſempre ſecondandola ſino a Piacenza, oue è ho<lb></lb>ra il Poggio de'Ratti, il Pizzo di San Siſto, & tutti gli altri luo<lb></lb>ghi rileuati, che allhora erano ripe. </s> <s>il ſecondo paſſaua quaſi a <lb></lb>canto al colle di San Colombano, dello Spedaletto, della Somaglia <lb></lb>del Corno, & di tutta quella coſta, che ancora ſi uede di là dal Po. <lb></lb></s> <s>il terzo ſcendeua nel mezo di queſti duoi, quaſi nel ſito oue corre <lb></lb>hora. </s> <s>Da queſta diuiſione ne naſceuano tre graui danni: uno, che <lb></lb>eſſendo partite l'acque, nel tempo, ch'elle ſono baſſe, il fiume non <lb></lb>era nauigabile per li Burchi groſſi del ſale, et dell'altre mercantie: <lb></lb>onde tutte le ſome, che ueniuano da Ferrara, da Venetia, & da gli <lb></lb>altri paeſi bàſſi, ſi ſcaricauano alla Somaglia, coſi detta da queſte <lb></lb>ſome, & compiuano il reſto del uiaggio per terra. </s> <s>l'altro danno <lb></lb>era, che nel tempo delle piene de fiume, non eſſendo ne culto, ne<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/100.jpg" pagenum="80"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>arginato il terreno, che giaceua fra un corno, & l'altro. </s> <s>l'acque, <lb></lb>ſalendo ſopra le ripe ſi congiungeuano ſouente inſieme; & ſi per la <lb></lb>ſmiſurata larghezza, come per l'inequalità dell'acqua, la quale <lb></lb>era nell'alueo ſuo altiſſima, & ſopra le ripe pochiſſima, con copia <lb></lb>grande di lutto, non ſi poteuano quaſi mai uaricare. </s> <s>il terzo era <lb></lb>la gran perdita di ſi gran ſpatio di paeſe, che non ſi poteua con utile <lb></lb>maggiore della ſpeſa ne arginare da tante parti, ne coltiuare. </s> <s>Il <lb></lb>Duca Galeazzo Viſconte, quello che edificò il belliſſimo ponte ſul <lb></lb>Ticino, & il ſuperbo palazzo del capello di Pauia; quaſi in emé<lb></lb>da della prodigalità, che egli haueua uſato in tirare un muro in <lb></lb>fortezza di uenti miglia di circuito, & di piu d'altro tanto in tra<lb></lb>mezi per li parchi delle fiere; ſi deliberò con animo ueramente rea<lb></lb>le di fare un gran beneficio a'ſuoi popoli (queſta fu bene una ſpeſa <lb></lb>magnanima, & degna di uero principe) liberandoli da quei primi <lb></lb>danni; & eſſendo cagione, che ſi gran ſpatio di campagna ſi poteſſe <lb></lb>coltiuare. </s> <s>Hauendo adunque conoſciuto che il ſito lo fauoriua aſ<lb></lb>ſai, percioche il fiume oue incominciaua a partirſi haueua un pen<lb></lb>dio maggiore dell'ordinario, tirò un fortiſſimo argine da ambedue <lb></lb>le ſponde, incominciando molto di ſopra, oue il fiume cadeua piu <lb></lb>ueloce, a linea a poco a poco fatta retta, & quaſi pararella, ſino <lb></lb>alla bocca del Tidone, & del Lambro, che è il corſo di circa ſette <lb></lb>miglia: & coſi riſtrinſe tutti quei tre rami in quel di mezo, oue <lb></lb>ancora ſi trouano uniti. </s> <s>da indi in qua il fiume è stato nauigabile, <lb></lb>ſi uarica da tutto tempo, & s'è poſto tanto terreno alla coltura, che <lb></lb>ſi fa conto, che hoggidì da quello, che è fra una antica ripa, & l'al<lb></lb>tra, ſe ne caua piu di cento mila ſcudi ogni anno. </s> <s>Cauò poi anco <lb></lb>dal Lago maggiore queſto Principe, per fare il ſeruigio compito, <lb></lb>un braccio d'acqua nauigabile, che ſi chiama il Nauiglio, & lo <lb></lb>conduſſe a Milano, facendolo uicino a Pauia sboccare nel Ticino; <lb></lb>accioche tutte le merci, che ſi menaſſero per Po, ſi poteſſero <expan abbr="cõdur">condur</expan> <lb></lb>re ſino a Milano ſempre per acqua. </s> <s>Ma poi che furono fatti li doi <lb></lb>fortiſſimi argini detti, ſeguirono tre effetti: uno che il corſo del fiu<lb></lb>me nó muta ſito come nell'altre parti: l'altro ch'egli è uelociſſimo, <lb></lb>& impetuoſo; ſi perche ſcende a linea retta ſenza romperſi in an<lb></lb>golo alcuno, ſi perche cade da luogo alto, et có grandiſſimo pendio: <lb></lb>il terzo naſce da queſti duoi, & è che per le piene quantunque grá<lb></lb>diſſime non s'alza mai l'acqua fuor delle ripe; perche la uelocità,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/101.jpg" pagenum="81"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>& rettitudine del corſo, la porta uia tutta ancorche copioſiſſima. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et per cio dal Tidone, ſino ad Arena, non ſi fanno argini in alcun<lb></lb>luogo. </s> <s>di ſotto dal Tidone la decaduta è minore, il corſo è torto, <lb></lb>& rotto da gli angoli, & percio il fiume ſi rallenta, & stagnando <lb></lb>alquanto, ſalta fuor delle ripe, ſiche ui biſognano gli argini a rite<lb></lb>nerlo. </s> <s>Se uno ſarà alla bocca del Tidone in mezo del Po, <expan abbr="guardãdo">guardando</expan> <lb></lb>in ſu, uedrà ſino a Portalbera a linea retta, ſenza hauere impedi<lb></lb>mento alcuno: il che forſe per ſi lungo ſpatio non auiene in altra <lb></lb>parte di queſto fiume: ne auerrebbe quì, ſe non ui fuſſe interuenuto <lb></lb>la magnammità di quello honoratiſſimo Principe. </s> <s>Le ripe di que<lb></lb>ſto tratto ſino ad Arena ſono alte, & il fondo del fiume oue comin<lb></lb>cia in maggior pendio è piu alto alla liuella (come io prouai di du<lb></lb>gento in dugento braccia col cherobare, & col traguardo) che il <lb></lb>piano del poggio di San Siſto: in manier a che ſe ſi poteſſe far la ſpe<lb></lb>ſa de gli argini, & de'cauamenti, & ſpecialmente delli gatti, per <lb></lb>paſſare i terreni, che ui ſono in mezo, ſi tirerebbe l'acqua a Pia<lb></lb>cenza (quanto ſia per la decaduta) poi che fuſſe alzata ſopra le <lb></lb>ripe. </s> <s>In queſto luogo adunque, oue le ripe ſono ferme, il corſo del<lb></lb>l'acqua stabile, & il fiume non eſce mai fuora del ſuo letto ordina<lb></lb>rio, non ſarebbe contra ragione il fare alcune machine ſoſtenute <lb></lb>dalle barche, come ſi fanno i molini: ſopra le quali, con l'aiuto de <lb></lb>le ruote uoltate dal corſo impetuoſo del fiume, ſi giraſſero le chioc<lb></lb>chiole proportionate all'altezza delle ripe, & alla forza del mo<lb></lb>tore. </s> <s>ilche facilmente ſi potrebbe ordinare da chi intendeſſe queſto <lb></lb>magiſtero, potendoſi con quelle dar l'acqua a tutto il terreno, che è <lb></lb>fra il Tidone, la collina, & il Po. </s> <s>Ma poſcia che queſte conditioni <lb></lb>non poſſono eſſere uniuerſalmente per tutto, & il far la ſpeſa con <lb></lb>molte machine ſul fiume, ſarebbe opera piu preſto da qualche gran <lb></lb>Principe denaroſo, che da priuati; ſarà bene per hora appigliarſi <lb></lb>alla Chiocciola moſſa da gli huomini, nel modo detto piu auanti: <lb></lb>perche coſi l'impreſa è piu ſicura, ſi puo ſituare la Chiocciola in <lb></lb>ogni luogo, la ſpeſa è pochiſſima in fabricarla, & oltra ad ogni ſpe<lb></lb>ſa in mantenerla, l'entrata per la maggior parte ſi raddoppia. <lb></lb></s> <s>Legga il ſeguente diſcorſo, chi cio uorrà uedere, & toccare chia<lb></lb>ramente.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>IL FINE.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p></chap><chap><pb xlink:href="021/01/102.jpg" pagenum="83"></pb><p type="head"> <s>DE' TRE DISCORSI SOPRA <lb></lb>IL MODO D'ALZAR ACQVE <lb></lb>DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</s></p><figure id="id.021.01.102.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/102/1.jpg"></figure><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>DISCORSO TERZO.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>I<emph type="italics"></emph>O<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end> SO, CHE <emph type="italics"></emph>dalla maggior parte di <lb></lb>coloro, che leggono queſti miei ragio<lb></lb>namenti, ſono aſpettato a queſta ulti<lb></lb>ma parte, come ad ultimo fine della <lb></lb>machina, & delle tante ragioni, che <lb></lb>di ſopra ſi ſono annouerate: impero<lb></lb>che poco è il numero di quelli, che ne <lb></lb>diſcorſi delle coſe, il fine delle quali è <lb></lb>l'operatione, apprezzino la uaghez<lb></lb>za delle cagioni loro; ſe non ne ueggono poi ſubito ſeguire utilità <lb></lb>alcuna manifeſta, & approuata dall'eſperienza. </s> <s>Gli huomini, <lb></lb>per lo piu, con un certo iſtinto ſeguendo l'auiſo di Socrate, laſciano <lb></lb>le ſpeculationi a quelli ſpiriti, che non diſtratti dalla neceſſità delle <lb></lb>conditioni conſeruatrici della uita ciuile, tentano quaſi traſmutarſi <lb></lb>nella natura delle menti celeſti; & piu preſto <expan abbr="appigliãdoſi">appigliandoſi</expan> all'ope<lb></lb>rationi, cercano quanto prima di conoſcerne l'uſo, per conſeguirne <lb></lb>piu uicino, che ſia poſſibile, l'utilità, che da principio ſi propoſero. <lb></lb></s> <s>Ma io non uorrei dare occaſione a qualchuno di queſti prattici del <lb></lb>mondo, che diceſſe a me quaſi nell'iſteſſo modo, benche in diuerſo <lb></lb>ſoggetto, cio che fu riſpoſto a quel gran filoſofo Atenieſe da un Spar<lb></lb>tano del tutt o ignorante delle ſcienze: percioche dicendogli il Fi<lb></lb>loſofo, che ſi marauigliaua, che in Iſparta non ui fuſſe alcuno, che <lb></lb>ſapeſſe rendere ragione della ſcienza ciuile, o ſapeſſe le cagioni de <lb></lb>le uirtù morali, delle quali è conueneuole, che ſia ornato l'ammo <lb></lb>noſtro: riſpoſe lui lo Spartano, & io mi marauiglio aſſai piu, che <lb></lb>in Iſparta, oue non ſi ſa diſputare delle uirtù, & de'uitij, ſieno per <lb></lb>la maggior parte huomini di buoni coſtumi, & ſi uiua <expan abbr="generalmẽ-">generalmen-</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/103.jpg" pagenum="84"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>te ſecondo la forma delle buone leggi; & in Atene, oue da tutte <lb></lb>l'hore s'imparano le ſcienze, & le cagioni del bene operare, ſiene <lb></lb>quaſi tutti gli huomini, & ſpecialmente i Filoſofi, ſcelerati, & di <lb></lb>uita stranamente diſſoluta. </s> <s>Conchiudendo per tal riſpoſta, che al<lb></lb>tro èil diſcorrere con ragione nell'operotioni, altro il porle in eſſe<lb></lb>cutione. </s> <s>Gioua alcun a uolta piu, come dice Ariſtotele, nell'arti <lb></lb>una buona prattica, & conſuetudine di bene operare; & un lungo <lb></lb>uſo confermato, da molte eſperienze; che la ſola ſpeculàtione, non <lb></lb>approuata da uarij effetti caduti, ſecondo l'ordine della ragione: <lb></lb>percio io dopo il diſcorſo dellè ragioni, me ne uengo in queſta par<lb></lb>te, come ho fatto nella fabrica della Chiocciola, & dell'organo del <lb></lb>moto ſuo, alla proua, & a gli effetti promeſſi da quelle. </s> <s>Farò <lb></lb>adunque il conto in queſto terzo ragionamento dell'utile, & del <lb></lb>danno, che puo ſeguire dall'uſo della Chiocciola; per quelli acci<lb></lb>denti, che tutto dì ſi ueggono per eſperienza: & poi diròin quai <lb></lb>luoghi ella ſi uederà in queſti principij lauorare, & produrre l'u<lb></lb>tilità, che hauremo conchiuſo, che ne debba riuſcire. </s> <s>Ma perche <lb></lb>l'utilità puo eſſere di tre ſorti, una circa l'entrata dell'agricoltura, <lb></lb>ſottrati che ſaranno tutti li danni, & tutte le ſpeſe: l'altra circa <lb></lb>la ſanità de'corpi noſtri: la terza circa il beneficio publico, che <lb></lb>appertiene all'uſicio de'magiſtrati: percio di parte in parte ſuccin<lb></lb>tamente moſtreremo la uerità d'ognuna di loro.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Gia è conchiuſo di ſopra, che la Chiocciola noſtra alza almeno <lb></lb>dodici oncie d'acqua ſecondo la miſura Piacentina, alta circa ſette <lb></lb>braccia. </s> <s>che ſi puo mouere da un'huomo di mediocre lena. </s> <s>che ſi <lb></lb>puo ſituare in ogni luogo, & in tutte l'acque & correnti, & mor<lb></lb>te. </s> <s>che ſi puo raddoppiare, & triplicare il moto ſino all'altezza <lb></lb>di circa uenti braccia. </s> <s>& che ſi puo traſportare da luogo a luogo, <lb></lb>& ſerbare in ſicuro per ogni pericolo. </s> <s>Hora paſſiamo piu auanti <lb></lb>ad eſſaminare certi altri capi, che o concorrono neceſſariamente <lb></lb>alla generatione del guadagno, od almeno le portano grandiſſima <lb></lb>commodità.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Primieramente dico, che le dodici oncie d'acqua, cherieſcono, <lb></lb>& paſſano per la Chiocciola quando ſi moue con la uelocità, che le <lb></lb>puo dare un'huomo di mediocre lena, che s'habbia a mantenere; <lb></lb>hanno piu ueloce il corſo, che da'Geometri, & da gli Architetti <lb></lb>non ſi ſuole aſſegnare ordinariamente al moto dell'acque. </s> <s>Lami-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/104.jpg" pagenum="85"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>nor decaduta ſecondo loro, come accennai di ſopra, è per ogni otto <lb></lb>stadi un piede: la maggiore, ne'fiumi nauigabili non dee eſſere per <lb></lb>ogni otto stadi piu di ſei piedi; perche eſſendo piu, le naui non po<lb></lb>tranno commodamente eſſere tirate contra il corſo del fiume. </s> <s>Vi<lb></lb>truuio ne dà a gli acquedotti, per ogni cento piedi, almeno mezo <lb></lb>piede: la qual regola uince ogni commune eſperienza, & ſe fuſſe <lb></lb>oſſeruata, di rado ſi potrebbono condurre l'acque per lungo ſpatio <lb></lb>da luogo a luogo, auenga che di rado ſi trouano ſiti di tanto pendio. <lb></lb></s> <s>Non ſi ſarebbe gia potuto fare con quella il Nauiglio di Milano, <lb></lb>il quale, come ſcriue il Ceſarieſe, che fu preſente mentre ſi com<lb></lb>paſſaua la decaduta di lui col cherobare, hebbe fra le quattro parti <lb></lb>piu delle tre meno, che non ſcriue Vitruuio, & uenne beniſſmo: <lb></lb>in modo che chi glie n'haueſſe uoluto dar piu, il ſito non l'haurebbe <lb></lb>ſopportato. </s> <s>Ma la Chiocciola uince di gran lunga in decaduta la <lb></lb>ſmiſurata regola di Vitruuio: perche eſſendo lunga tredici braccia <lb></lb>in circa uenti braccia di lunghezza computato il riuolgimento del <lb></lb>uerme, ha piu di cinque oncie di pendio; ſi che n'ha quaſi tanto, <lb></lb>come ſe ſecondo il precetto di Vitruuio haueſſe lunghezza di piu <lb></lb>di ottanta braccia. </s> <s>E'poi coſa chiara, il che s'è moſtrato piu adie<lb></lb>tro, che uincendo l'acqua in corſo, uince in quantità: adunque <lb></lb>queſte dodici oncie riuſciranno a molto maggiore quantità, che <lb></lb>quelle del corſo ordinario.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Oltre a cio faccio ſapere, perche n'ho le miſure, che per ordina<lb></lb>rio le ripe del Po, quando l'acqua è piu baſſa, non ſono molto piu <lb></lb>alte di tredici braccia Piacentine, & ricercano duoi ordini di <lb></lb>chiocciole. </s> <s>ma quelle de gli altri fiumi come il Tanaro, l'Ambro <lb></lb>l'Adda, l'Oglio, & altri tali non paſſano in molti luoghi l'altez<lb></lb>za di ſette braccia, alla quale un'ordine ſolo di chiocciole baſterà. <lb></lb></s> <s>il che è anco in alcune acque morte, o poco correnti; come è nella <lb></lb>morticcia, & altre ſimili.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Di piu, ſi ſa da ognuno, che habbia qualche prattica dell'agri<lb></lb>coltura, che un canale da prato di ſeſſanta oncie d'acqua ſecondo la <lb></lb>miſura Piacentina, che ſono tre oncie, & tre quarti Milaneſi, an<lb></lb>corche non ſia dell'acqua di Po, la quale è graſſiſſima, adacquerà <lb></lb>in un giorno naturale, cioè, in uentiquattro hore, circa cento per<lb></lb>tiche di terreno; ſe bene egli non ſarà di ſua natura molto humido; <lb></lb>perche per ordinario n'adacquerà per ogni ſei hore xxy. </s> <s>pertiche.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/105.jpg" pagenum="86"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>E'ancora manifeſto, che communemente a i prati non ſi ſuol dar <lb></lb>l'acqua ſe non ogni quindeci giorni una uölta, & che non ſentono <lb></lb>ſiccità d'importanza, pur che ſiono adacquati due uolte per ogni <lb></lb>meſe. </s> <s>dalle quali due poſitioni ſi conchiude, che un canale da pra<lb></lb>to d' acqua, correndo continuamente, adacquerà ogni quindici <lb></lb>giorni una uolta mille cinquecento pertiche di terra, cioè, cento <lb></lb>per ogni giorno; & ritornando di nuouo non laſcierà loro manca<lb></lb>re mai l'acqua per tutti li biſogni.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Similmente ſi ſa, che per ordinario a i prati, & ſpecialmente <lb></lb>a quelli, che fuſſero lungo il Po, oue il terreno è aſſai humido, non <lb></lb>s'incomincia a dar l'acqua, ſe non da mezo Maggio, ſino a mezo <lb></lb>Agoſto; che è lo ſpatio di tre meſi. </s> <s>talche ſonente il primo fieno <lb></lb>ſi taglia ſenza acqua, & la ſiccità ſi ſente ſolamente nel ſecondo, <lb></lb>& nel terzo.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Si puo anco facilmente far conto, che cauando una chiocciola <lb></lb>dodici oncie d'acqua, cinque chiocciole ne caucranno con un moto <lb></lb>ſolo, cioè, all'altezza di circa ſette braccia, ſeſſanta oncie, che ſo<lb></lb>no il canale da prato detto di ſopra: onde ui biſogneranno cinque <lb></lb>huomini per uoltarle. </s> <s>ma accioche queſti habbiano tempo di man<lb></lb>giare, di dormire, & di riſtorarſi, ſarà bene a poruene altri cin<lb></lb>que; li quali di quattro in quattro hore ſottentrino a queſta medio <lb></lb>cre fatica, & facciano correre l'acqua il giorno, & la notte con<lb></lb>tinuamente, & con facilità maggiore, che non è ſegare il fieno, & <lb></lb>fare l'altre opere ruſticali.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Queſti dieci huomini dando loro il lauoro per tre meſi continui, <lb></lb>è ſenza dubbio, che ſacendoſi le ſpeſe da loro iſteſſi, ſi pagheranno <lb></lb>con tre ſcudi al meſe per ciaſcheduno, a fare il partito graſſo: & <lb></lb>coſi dando ſpeſa di trenta ſcudi ogni meſe, in tre meſi coſteranno <lb></lb>nouanta ſcudi, che ſono, a ſei libre l'uno, libre cinquecento <expan abbr="quarã-ta">quaran<lb></lb>ta</expan>. </s> <s>E'uero che i Gentilhuomini per la maggior parte loro condu<lb></lb>ranno con aſſai minor prezzo, ſeruendoſi di quei ſuoi lauoranti, <lb></lb>che ſul Piaccntino ſi chiamano Brazzenti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Nell'iſteſſo modo è chiaro, che ogni pertica di terra, a cui non <lb></lb>manchi mai acqua, per tutti li tre tagli dell'herba, produce alme<lb></lb>no un terzo di carro di fieno ogni anno, oltra li paſcoli delli quar<lb></lb>tiruoli; ſi che mille cinquecento pertiche produranno almeno cin<lb></lb>quecento carri di fieno.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="021/01/106.jpg" pagenum="87"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>S'è ancora prouato, che da molti anni in quà il ſieno non s'èmai <lb></lb>uenduto manco di uenti libre per carro, & molte fiate s'èuenduto <lb></lb>uenticinque, & trenta libre. </s> <s>tuttauia in queſto conto pongaſi al <lb></lb>minor prezzo, che ſi poſſa, & ſia libre ſedici per carro: di manie<lb></lb>ra, che cinquecento carra ſi uenderanno alla Caſſina almeno libre <lb></lb>ottomila, & tanto ſi cauerà almeno di mille cinquecento pertiche <lb></lb>di prato.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ora conuiene ſottraggere prima cio che ſi cauaua del terreno <lb></lb>auanti che fuſſe prato; che al piu, ſecondo il commune uſo, è libre <lb></lb>due per pertica: abenche la maggior parte del terreno, che s'affit<lb></lb>ta, quando è del tutto ſenza acqua, paſſa di poco tre reali per per<lb></lb>tica. </s> <s>coſi mille cinquecento pertiche rendeuano libre tremila.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Aggiungaſi a queſte la ſpeſa de gli huomini, che mouono le <lb></lb>Chiocciole dette di ſopra, che è in un moto ſolo libre cinquecento <lb></lb>quaranta: ſi che in tutto ſono libre tremila cinquecento quaranta: <lb></lb>& in duoi moti libre mille ottanta. </s> <s>in tutto libre quattro mila <lb></lb>ottanta.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>La ſpeſa dell'agricoltura in acconciare li prati, tagliare il fieno, <lb></lb>condurlo alle caſſine, dare il ledame, & altre ſimili coſe, anch'eſſa <lb></lb>deue eſſere ſottrata: & ne i prati, che ſi chiamano prata, quaſi <lb></lb>parata, non puo eſſere di piu che ſette ſoldi per pertica, o circa. </s> <s>& <lb></lb>ſono in mille cinquecento pertiche libre ciuquecento uenticinque. <lb></lb></s> <s>in tutto ſono libre quattromila cinquecento cinque.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Si puo dare per le ſpeſe di acconciare, & raſſettare le Chioccio<lb></lb>le ogni anno ſottoſopra al piu un ſcudo per ciaſcheduna: perche ſo<lb></lb>no fortiſſime, & in maniera ben formate, che ne per lungo uſo, ne <lb></lb>per ogni gran percoſſa ſi potrebbono guaſtare in coſa di molta im<lb></lb>portanza. </s> <s>Li perni che ſi logorano piu di qualunque altra coſa, <lb></lb>ſono in maniera temperati, & ben poſti, che ſi poſſono leuare con <lb></lb>pochiſſima fatica, & ſpeſa, baſtando che s'acconcino una uolta <lb></lb>l'anno prima che ſi pongano all'opera. </s> <s>La coperta ancora benche <lb></lb>ſia artificioſamente, & fortemente stabilita, s'alza nondimeno <lb></lb>ageuolmente; & percio ſi puo anco fare prouedimento dentro nell' <lb></lb>anima, & ne'riuolgimenti de'uermi, con non molta induſtria: in <lb></lb>modo che ogni ordinario maeſtro ſarà a propoſito per cio fare. </s> <s>Et <lb></lb>ſi uedrà per eſperienza, che una Chiocciola ben tenuta ſarà buona <lb></lb>opera per piu di uenti anni. </s> <s>la qual conditione non è ancora stata<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/107.jpg" pagenum="88"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>uiſta in alcuna dell'altre machine uſate ſino a queſti tempi. </s> <s>Adun<lb></lb>que coſtando la ſpeſa del racconciarla, & raſſettarla dieci ſcudi, il <lb></lb>tutto ſarà libre quattromila cinquecento ſeſſanta cinque.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Diaſi anco per le ſpefe di nettare li canali, & pagare, come ſi <lb></lb>dice il Camparo, o cuſtode dell'acqua, libre cento cinquanta: cl e <lb></lb>ſaranno libre quattromila ſettecento quindici. </s> <s>tuttauia la ſpeſa de <lb></lb>canali dell'acqua, coloro che l'hanno uicina al ſuo terreno, & ſi l <lb></lb>fatto iſteſſo, non ſarà di conſideratione, & ſi puo hauere come io <lb></lb>dirò in certi auertimenti di ſotto.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Le libre dugento ottanta cinque, che auanzano a compire la <lb></lb>ſomma di libre cinque mila, ſi poſſono mettere a conto del premio <lb></lb>dell'inuentione ſecondo la forma de'priuilegij ottenuti: ancora che <lb></lb>come ho gia detto, l'animo mio non ſia di farne mercatantia.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Dalle cinque ſino alle ottomila libre, tutto s'auanza. </s> <s>& alla <lb></lb>perfine ſi comprende, che il terreno, che al piu rendeua libre tre<lb></lb>mila, con l'aiuto della Chiocciola ſottratto ogni danno, & ogni <lb></lb>ſpeſa (laſcio il prezzo dell'acqua publica per chi n'haurà biſogno, <lb></lb>perche non e mio ufficio a ragionarne) renderà libre ſeimila, & <lb></lb>almeno, oue anco ſaranno neceſſarij duoi moti, raddoppierà l'en<lb></lb>trata: che oue non ſarà meſtieri hauerne ſe non uno, s'auanzerà <lb></lb>di piu la ſpeſa di dieci huomini per tre meſi, & la ſpeſa di cinque <lb></lb>ſcudi meno, ſcritta per racconciare le Chiocciole. </s> <s>& ſarebbeno in <lb></lb>tutto libre cinquecento ſettanta di piu. </s> <s>Qual utile dunque ne ſe<lb></lb>guirebbe ſe il fieno ſi uendeſſe uenti, & uenticinque libre per car<lb></lb>ro, come è auenuto molte uolte? </s> <s>Facciane il conto chi uuole, che a <lb></lb>me baſta hauerlo fatto ſul minor prezzo, & ſule maggiori ſpeſe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Non uoglio laſciare, dopo il ſouraſcritto conto, di dare alcuni <lb></lb>utili auertimenti nel preſente negocio. </s> <s>& ſono queſti.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che le ripe del Po, per eſſere state inondate, & alzate dalla <lb></lb>piena del fiume, ſono piu alte alla liuella di tutti li campi, che ſono <lb></lb>dentro alli duoi colli detti alla fine del ſecondo <expan abbr="ragionamẽto">ragionamento</expan>: <expan abbr="auẽ-ga">auen<lb></lb>ga</expan> che per eſſere queſti campi difeſi da gli argini, non ſonoeleuati <lb></lb>dal fango al pare delle ripe, che ſono fra gli argini, & il fiume. </s> <s>il <lb></lb>che ſarà di hiouamento a dar la decaduta facile all'acqua, poi che <lb></lb>ſarà tirata ſule ripe. </s> <s>& il medeſimo dico de gli altri fiumi argi<lb></lb>nati, percioche oue non ſia queſto uantaggio, ſarà neceſſario alzar <lb></lb>l'acqua tanto ſopra il piano delle ripe, quanto ſarà aſſai per dare la<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/108.jpg" pagenum="89"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>decaduta ragioneuole alla lunghezza del canale, che ſi uorràfare.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che ui ſono molte bocche di torrenti, le quali hanno di continuo <lb></lb>copia d'acqua ſorgente, & le cui ripe non ſono alte piu di dieci <lb></lb>braccia, o circa: come ſono la bocca del Tidone alla Seccamelega, <lb></lb>la bocca della Ragnatella da Calendaſco in giù, la bocca della Nu<lb></lb>ra da Roncaglia in giù, la bocca della Chiauena da Caorſo in giù, <lb></lb>& altre d'altri ſimili in diuerſi luoghi.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che uicino a'ſiumi ui ſono molti stagni, foſſe, & lagune abon<lb></lb>danti d'acqua; la quale ſe ſi cauaſſe, di nuouo tornerebbe per le <lb></lb>uene ſotterranee, ne mancherebbe mai; poſcia ehe ſempre ſcema<lb></lb>no, & creſcono ſecondo lo ſcemare, & il creſcere del fiume: & pa<lb></lb>rimente hanno le ripe ſecondo l'altezza delle ripe del fiume.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che niſſun pozzo uicino a'ſiumi ha maggior proſondità quan<lb></lb>do l'acqua ſua è piu baſſa, dalla ſuperficie del terreno alla ſuperfi<lb></lb>cie di lei, di quella delle ripe del fiume uicino: uotandoſi anco que<lb></lb>ſti pozzi, & riempendoſi alla liuella della ſuperficie del fiume. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dal che ſi conoſce, che chi non è lontano da'fiumi, & uoleſſe hauer <lb></lb>l'acqua dal ſuo iſteſſo terreno nel fatto proprio, non accaderebbe, <lb></lb>che faceſſe altro, che una foſſa profonda alla liuella del fondo del <lb></lb>fiume, in cui ſituaſſe le Chiocciole: perche coſi facendo cauerebbe <lb></lb>quant'acqua le fuſſe commoda, entrandone di continuo altratanta <lb></lb>dal fiume per le uene ſotterranee. </s> <s>& queſto ſi uede ogni dì per eſpe<lb></lb>rienza nelle foſſe cauate accidentalmente dalle piene del fiume. <lb></lb></s> <s>E'ben uero, che l'acqua non puo eſſere graſſa al pari di quella del <lb></lb>ſiume, & ſpecialmente del Po; perche laſcia gran parte della ſua <lb></lb>graſſezza per la rena, & per li pori di ſotterra.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che ſenza pericolo alcuno di mal'euento, o diſaſtro importante <lb></lb>ſi poſſono fare foſſe, che uenghino da'ſiumi ſin dentro a gli argini <lb></lb>loro, & portino tant'acqua continuamente quanta baſterà per lo <lb></lb>biſogno: perche ſi uede nel Po oue è rapaciſſimo, che con tutto che <lb></lb>ui ſieno li canali delli riſiuti d'alcune acque ſorgenti, & d'alcuni <lb></lb>ſcolatori, che ſi uniſcono con l'acqua del fiume, non per queſto ne <lb></lb>ſegue danno di conſideratione: ma molto meno ne ſeguirebbe, ſe <lb></lb>ſecondo la uera ragione d'agricoltura, fuſſero cauati non ad ango<lb></lb>lo retto, come ſono, ma ad angolo acuto tirato dal fiume all'argine <lb></lb>con linea contraria al corſo dell'acqua.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che per uigore delle leggi municipali, & per conſuetudine an-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/109.jpg" pagenum="90"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>tica ognuno è tenuto a concedere il paſſaggio ſul ſuo terreno all'ac<lb></lb>que, che ſi conducono: pur che i canali ſi facciano con manco <lb></lb>danno, che ſi puo; & ſi paghi il terreno occupato, o ſi concedino le <lb></lb>quindecine a coloro per lo terreno de'quali ſi fanno paſſar l'acque. <lb></lb></s> <s>Nondimeno chi uorrà cauar le foſſe ſul ſuo campo ſino alla liuella <lb></lb>del fondo del fiume uicino, haurà l'acqua in fatto ſenza ſpeſa di far <lb></lb>canali, & ſenza ſeruirſi di quelle leggi, od hauer cagione di farla <lb></lb>cuſtodire, accioche non li ſia inuolata, & diuertita per lo uiaggio.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che la machina atta a leuare un canale d'acqua ſouradetto, ſi <lb></lb>fabrichera con iſpeſa di dugento cinquanta ſeudi, o circa; compu<lb></lb>tato ogni coſa, eccetto laſpeſa del cauare le foſſe, & di farle il co<lb></lb>perchio delle cannuccie, o della paglia, che ſarà di pochiſſima con<lb></lb>ſideratione: & coſi l'auanzo del primo anno, paſſerà la ſpeſa del<lb></lb>la machina, & d'ogni altra coſa, che poſſa correre.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che facendoſi le foſſe ſul terreno, che ſi uuole adacquare, non ſi <lb></lb>perderà punto d'acqua per le uene delli canali, che a cuna ſiata ne <lb></lb>aſciugano gran quantità.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che ſe non ſi uorrà mettere all'opera cinque Chiocciole per un <lb></lb>canale d'acqua, ſe ne potrà mettere tre, & due, ſecondo il numero <lb></lb>delle pertiche, che ſi uorranno traſinutare in prato, & ogni coſa <lb></lb>ſeguirà quaſi alla proportione: ſe non che dicono gli eſperti dell'a<lb></lb>gricoltura, che maggior quantità d'acqua bagna alquanto piu che <lb></lb>alla proportione: cioè, ſe mezo canale ne bagna cinquecento per<lb></lb>tiche, un canale ne bagnerà piu di mille. </s> <s>il che ſe ſia uero, & on<lb></lb>de naſca, importa poco a cercarlo di preſente, ne ſarebbe tempo <lb></lb>hora trattarne come ſi conuerrebbe.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Che l'acque piouute, & ſorgenti ſi potrebbono con queſto iſtro<lb></lb>mento leuar dalle campagne, che naturalmente non poſſono dare <lb></lb>loro la decaduta, & percio reſtano ſenza coltura. </s> <s>ilche auiene in <lb></lb>moltiſſimi luoghi del Padouano, del Ferrareſe, del Mantouano, <lb></lb>del Rauennate, & di quaſi tutti i paeſi piu baſſi, con grandiſſimo <lb></lb>danno de'loro habitanti. </s> <s>& tuttauia con pochiſſima ſpeſa a riſpet<lb></lb>to dell'utile, col mezo della noſtra Chiocciola, s'aſciugherebbono <lb></lb>per la maggior parte. </s> <s>tanto piu in tutti quei luoghi (& di queſti <lb></lb>n'ho uiſti, & miſurati molti) oue la maggiore altezza a cui biſo<lb></lb>gnaſſe alzar l'acque, non paſſa mai ſette braccia, che è ſolamente <lb></lb>un'ordine di Chiocciole. </s> <s>ma in alcuni terreni l'acqua piouuta è ſi<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/110.jpg" pagenum="91"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>poca, & con ſi poca eleuatione ſe le darebbe in molti modi il de<lb></lb>corſo, che hora, che ſarà manifeſtato queſto ordigno ſi facile, & <lb></lb>ſicuro in ogni coſa, ſaranno piu preſto d'accuſarſi di groſſiſſima <lb></lb>ignoranza, o di traſcuraggine, o di troppa morbidezza quei pa<lb></lb>droni, che non ui faranno prouedimento, che da iſcuſarſi per l'im<lb></lb>portanza, o per la difficultà. </s> <s>Tuttauia non uorrei, che alcuno ſi <lb></lb>perſuadeſſe, che nelle ualli uicino al mare, oue ſon certi coperchi di <lb></lb>terra grandi, & continui, che quaſi montano ſopra l'acqua, & ſi <lb></lb>chiamano Cori, o doue un qualche fiume uicino, di queſti che ſono <lb></lb>quaſi ſoſtenuti da gli argini in aere, accioche piu facilmente sboc<lb></lb>chino in mare, manda l'acque ſorgenti in gran copia alle campa<lb></lb>gne piu baſſe; ne queſto, ne altro iſtromento fuſſe per leuar l'acqua, <lb></lb>che di continuo in tanta quantità u'abonderebbe, quanta ne fuſſe <lb></lb>rimoſſa: percioche in queſti luoghi l'acqua <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> pare molta, ne mol<lb></lb>to alta; perche conuiene che stia alla liuella dell'origine ſua. </s> <s>& ſe <lb></lb>cio non fuſſe, altiſſima ſempre ſarebbe, per la detta origine, che <lb></lb>ſempre maggior copia ne manderebbe: onde quanto ſe ne leuaſſe, <lb></lb>tanto ne ſottentrerebbe all'iſteſſa liuella. </s> <s>Et queſta è la ragione per <lb></lb>cui di ſopra ho lodato il cauar le foſſe alla liuella del fondo de'fiumi <lb></lb>uicini, per hauer acqua continua da alzarſi per adacquar terreni. <lb></lb></s> <s>Solamente ſi puo ſicuramente promettere effetto utiliſſimo oue ſi <lb></lb>uede o che le uene dell'acqua ſorgente <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> ſono gagliardiſſime, o che <lb></lb>il decorſo naturalmente non ſi puo dar libero all'acque piouute.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Vltimamente, che con queſti iſtromenti ſi potrebbe mandare <lb></lb>l'acqua per Roma del Teuere, per Ferrara del Po, & per altre <lb></lb>Città da altri fiumi, od acque di qualunque ſorte per uſo delle caſe <lb></lb>de'priuati, & de'giardini, con aſſai minor ſpeſa, che non ſi fa por<lb></lb>tandoſi da'ſomari, & da gli huomini: percioche pochiſſimi huo<lb></lb>mini, o caualli a riſpetto di quelli, che hora ui biſognano, baſte<lb></lb>rebbono a uoltar le Chiocciole per alzar l'acqua, la quale ſcorre<lb></lb>rebbe poi da ſe stoſſa a i luoghi ordinati. </s> <s>Et ſin quì ſia detto aſſai <lb></lb>circa le ſpeſe, & il guadagno.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quanto poi al danno della ſanità, io non uorrei, che per la com<lb></lb>modità della Chiocciola, & per l'auaritia de gli huomini ſi faceſ<lb></lb>ſero troppo numeroſi, & capaci ſeminati di riſo. </s> <s>E'uero che una <lb></lb>Chiocciola ſola lauorando di continuo porgerebbe quanta acqua ſi <lb></lb>ricercaſſe ad ogni gran campo di queſia ſemenza. </s> <s>ma ſe cio ſi fa-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/111.jpg" pagenum="92"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ceſſe in troppo ſpeſſi luoghi, il danno publico ſenza uerun dubbio <lb></lb>ſarebbe da proporſi al guadagno de'priuati: imperoche richieden<lb></lb>do la coltura del riſo, che ſempre le campagne ſieno molte morbi<lb></lb>de, & quaſi coperte d'acqua, in foggia di poco profonde paludi, <lb></lb>non ſarebbe ſe non da temere, che tale humidità riſcaldata, & <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>diſcipata da'raggi del ſole, cagionaſſe putrefatione nell'aere, & <lb></lb>fuſſe origine a'uicini habitatori di qualche infirmità uniuerſale, & <lb></lb>pericoloſa; in quei luoghi ſpecialmente che non ſono eſpoſti a'uenti <lb></lb>ſettentrionali: percioche in quelli, a'quali quei ſignoreggiano, la<lb></lb>humidità dell'aere ſi conſuma, & non ui puo ſeguire danno di con<lb></lb>ſideratione: come ben ſi legge appreſſo di Strabone autore grauiſ<lb></lb>ſimo d'Aleſſandria maggiore in Egitto, & di Rauenna in Italia, <lb></lb>con le quali ſi puo anco annouerare Venetia: percioche con tutto <lb></lb>che ſieno edificate in mezo alle paludi, & di ragione doueſſero eſ<lb></lb>ſere ſottopoſte a malattie pericoloſiſſime, ſi preſeruano nondimeno <lb></lb>con l'aiuto de'uenti freddi, & ſecchi boreali, che ſouente ſoffiano in <lb></lb>quelle regioni. </s> <s>abenche la Pigneta maggiore piantata da'tempi <lb></lb>di Strabone in qua, ha nociuto aſſai a Rauenna, talche per molti <lb></lb>anni ſin che a poco a poco ſi ſono aſciute, & alzate moltiſſime pa<lb></lb>ludi, è dimorata con l'aere ſopra modo mal ſano. </s> <s>& quindi auiene <lb></lb>anco che l'aere di Piacenza noſtra è aſſai ſalubre: concioſia che <lb></lb>dalla parte d'Auſtro, uento pernicioſo, è difeſa dalle montagne, & <lb></lb>con la ſelua piantata nel terrapieno delle mura; & dalla parte di <lb></lb>Settentrione, che è in luogo aſſai <expan abbr="eminẽte">eminente</expan> uerſo il Po, l'è ſgombra<lb></lb>ta ogni humidità, & corruttione dal Rouaio, che quaſi di continuo <lb></lb>ui percuote. </s> <s>il che ſi prouò manifeſtamente nella state paſſata, da <lb></lb>la quale, eſſendo ella ſeguita ad uno uerno humido con poco freddo, <lb></lb>& ad una primauera tutta acquidoſa, & humidiſſima, ſi doueua<lb></lb>no aſpettare generalmente tutte quelle infirmità, delle quali ragio <lb></lb>na Hipocrate in queſto caſo nel terzo de'ſuoi Aforiſmi. </s> <s>& non<lb></lb>dimeno per la forza di queſti uenti di Settentrione, che nel princi<lb></lb>pio della state regnarono per molti giorni in queſta città, auenne <lb></lb>che da molti anni in qua non ſia mai stato minor numero di malati <lb></lb>dentro a lei, che ne i meſi della state paſſata. </s> <s>& per lo contrario, <lb></lb>nelle città uicine, come Pauia, & Cremona, le quali piu preſto <lb></lb>ſono eſpoſte a'fiati de'uenti auſtrali, ue ne ſono morti tanti de'po<lb></lb>ueri, & de'ricchi, che è stato giudicato da gli huomini periti una<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/112.jpg" pagenum="93"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>meza peſtilenza. </s> <s>In queſti luoghi adunque non boreali, non ſi <lb></lb>facciano riſari troppo ſpeſſi, ſe gia da ſua natura il ſito non fuſſe <lb></lb>tanto arſiccio, che una ragioneuole humidità portaſſe piu preſto <lb></lb>qualche temperamento ne'ſecchiſſimi giorni della state, che altri<lb></lb>menti. </s> <s>non è coſi ne'prati, perche non s'adacquano ſe non ogni <lb></lb>quindeci giorni una uolta, & l'humido loro non è paludoſo, ne tale <lb></lb>che non ſi poſſa ageuolmente diſſoluere da'raggi del ſole: anzi ſe le <lb></lb>campagne de'prati fuſſero grandiſſime, & adacquate ogni quindi<lb></lb>ci giorni una fiata, porterebbono queſta utilità, che l'aere tempe<lb></lb>rato da'uapori loro, non ſarebbe ſouerchiamente ſecco, ſi che fuſſe <lb></lb>di eſtremo danno alla ſalute de gli animali: potendo anco dare oc<lb></lb>caſione, che talhora ſi leuaſſero uapori piaceuoli dalla terra, li <lb></lb>quali nella meza regione dell'aere conuertiti in acqua, ſcendeſſero <lb></lb>di nuouo in quelle pioggie, che ſono tanto deſiderate nelle ſecchiſ<lb></lb>ſime, & caldiſſime stagioni. </s> <s>le quali pioggie tanto piu ſarebbeno <lb></lb>utili, quanto meno haurebbeno di quel ſapore amaro, che, come <lb></lb>dice Teofraſto, ſogliono hauere, quando per gran forza del calore <lb></lb>del ſole ſono tirati uapori aduſti dall'arſiccio, & quaſi in tutto ab<lb></lb>bruggiato terreno, & traſmutati in pioggia amara, et molto dan<lb></lb>noſa ſi per dar l'humido alle piante, & per dar l'acqua, che ſi be<lb></lb>ue a'pozzi, & alle ciſterne, come per alzare un quaſi fuoco naſco<lb></lb>ſto nell'aere, nimiciſſimo al fonte della uita, & al fine della reſpi<lb></lb>ratione. </s> <s>In ſomma il beneficio, che ci promettono i precetti di <lb></lb>Aetio, & di tutti li medici di maggiore autorità, quando uoglio<lb></lb>no, che ne'tempi caldiſſimi bene inaffiate le stanze de gli amalati <lb></lb>di febri acute, ſi puo generalmente aſpettare dall'inacquarſi le <expan abbr="cã-pagne">can<lb></lb>pagne</expan> al tempo della state. </s> <s>Solamente ſi potrebbe dubitare, che <lb></lb>eſſendoui grandiſſima copia di fieno, & conſeguentemente di leda<lb></lb>me fatto da gli armenti, che lo mangiaſſero, non ſi generaſſero poi <lb></lb>anco quei danni, che poſſono nuocere alla ſanità de gli huomini per <lb></lb>l'abondante stercoratione. </s> <s>Io ſò, che Heſiodo ne'ſuoi libri della <lb></lb>agricoltura è stato lodato da molti buoni, & graui Filoſofi, per<lb></lb>che non fece memoria alcuna dello sterquilinio; giudicandoſi, che <lb></lb>egli drizzaſſe piu preſto i ſuoi documenti alla ſanità de gli huomi<lb></lb>ni, che all'abondanza, & alla ricchezza: concioſia, che ſe bene <lb></lb>dal ledame ne uenga maggior copia de'frutti della terra, pure eſſi <lb></lb>hanno poi <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> ſeco l'humido col quale ſi ſono paſciuti, & accreſciuti<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/113.jpg" pagenum="94"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>putrido, pien di lezzo, & molto auerſarlo al nutrimento del ca<lb></lb>tor uitale. </s> <s>ma io gia duoi anni a queſto difetto propoſi un rimedio <lb></lb>approuato di commune concordia dalle conſultationi di tre collegij <lb></lb>di Medici di Padua, di Pauia, & di Piacenza, come ne ſono te<lb></lb>ſtimonij l'Eccellenza dell'Illuſtriſs. Sig. il Duca noſtro, l'Eccellente <lb></lb>& Illuſtre Sig. Domenico della Torre Luogotenente di quella nel <lb></lb>Conſiglio di giuſtitia, & della Camera; alla cui ſcienza, pruden<lb></lb>za, & bontà ogni coſa ſi puo credere, & diferire: l'Illuſtre, & <lb></lb>Hccellente Conſigliere il Sig. Bartolomeo Turchi Veroneſe, & gli <lb></lb>Eccellenti Medici del collegio noſtro, che tutti l'hanno lette, & ot<lb></lb>timamente conſiderate. </s> <s>percio io aſpettando qualche migliore oc<lb></lb>caſione non dirò ſoura cio per hora altro, ſe <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> che ſi grande è l'in<lb></lb>gordiggia d'alcuni, che ancorche non ſi fuſſe propoſto prouedimen<lb></lb>to ueruno, reſto ſicuriſſimo, che non reſterebbono per queſto, pur<lb></lb>che per altro tenghino la Chiocciola al propoſito dell'utile loro, di <lb></lb>ſeruirſi di lei, & far quanto maggior cumulo di ledame fuſſe loro <lb></lb>poſſibile.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Due altre dannoſe oppoſitioni mi furo no fatte gia un'anno fa, <lb></lb>(queſta parte è quella, ch'io diſſi, che apperteneua alla cura de' <lb></lb>Magiſtrati) una nel Conſiglio dell'entrate staordinarie di Milano <lb></lb>dall'Eccellente, & Illuſtre Sig. Aleſſandro Archinto; l'altra in <lb></lb>Ferrara da uno intendente Gentilhuomo di S.E. L'Archinto poi <lb></lb>che hebbe ottimamente capito, & conſiderato il magiſtero di que<lb></lb>ſta machina, Per mia fe, diſſe, ſi dè ſperare, che queſto debba eſſe<lb></lb>re uno utiliſſimo ritrouato per li prati; ma per le biade, dell'abon<lb></lb>danza, delle quali queſto noſtro Magiſtrato ne tiene ſpecialiſſima <lb></lb>cura, ſarà tutto l'oppoſito: poſcia che il terreno, che ſi conuertirà <lb></lb>in prati potrebbe facilmente eſſer tanto, che leuandoſi lui con que<lb></lb>ſta commodità dalla coltura delle biade, il reſto forſe non baſterà <lb></lb>per l'abondanza dello Stato. </s> <s>& ſarebbe pur meglio, ſpecialmente <lb></lb>per li poueri, che loro mancaſſe piu preſto la carne, & il formag<lb></lb>gio, che il pane. </s> <s>Prima che il Lodeggiano haueſſe l'acqua tirata <lb></lb>dalla Muzza ſempre era diuitioſo d'ogni ſorte di biade: poi che la <lb></lb>maggior parte di lui fu conuertito in prati, per la commodità di <lb></lb>quell'acqua, non puo eſſere ſi poco stretto il raccolto, che la città <lb></lb>ſua non ha pane intieramente per tutto l'anno. </s> <s>ſi che quanto piu <lb></lb>queſto paeſe è fatto ricco d'entrata, tanto meno è reſtato abondante<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/114.jpg" pagenum="95"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>del primiero alimento de'proprij habitatori. </s> <s>Nulladimeno la riſe<lb></lb>lutione di quel Conſiglio, poi che hebbe auertito, che l'acqua ſuole <lb></lb>anco eſſer e molto gioueuole al miglio, alle faue, a'fagiuoli, & all <lb></lb>altre ſemenze di Marzo, che ſono la maggior ſomma del uitto de <lb></lb>poueri, fu che ſi laſciaſſe pur porre in uſo ſi utile iſtromento: che <lb></lb>poi a ſuo tempo ſi ſarebbe bene fatto riparo, che non ſi faceſſero di <lb></lb>nuouo con l'aiuto ſuo piu prati, che non ſopportaſſe la conditione <lb></lb>d'ogni luogo, & del numero de gli ſudditi a quello Stato: tanto piu <lb></lb>che di parte in parte s'haueua la raſſegna in iſcritti d'ogni coſa co<lb></lb>me ſi conuiene. </s> <s>Il Ferrareſe altreſi oppoſe, che riuſcendo queſto mio <lb></lb>auiſo, ſi ſarebbe facilmente leuato tant'acqua non ſolamente dal <lb></lb>Pò & per uia aperta & per le uene ſotterranee, ma da tutti li fiu<lb></lb>mi li quali portando lui il tributo delle proprie acque, l'accreſcono, <lb></lb>& lo fanno molto <expan abbr="cõmodamente">commodamente</expan> nauigabile, che uicino a Ferrara <lb></lb>oue egli ſi diuide in tanti rami, che a pena adeſſo in certi tempi ſi <lb></lb>puo nauigare, non ſarebbe marauiglia s'egli per molto piu lungo <lb></lb>ſpatio di tempo negaſſe il paſſaggio alle naui cariche: con gran tra <lb></lb>uaglio di tutte le città di ſopra, le quali ſi ſeruouo delle merci Vi<lb></lb>nitiane. </s> <s>A cui fu riſpoſto, che cio non ſi doueua ſi facilmente te<lb></lb>mere in un fiume, che per la ſua <expan abbr="grãdezza">grandezza</expan> era chiamato il Re de <lb></lb>gli altri: tanto piu che il braccio maggiore di Loredo, che porta a <lb></lb>Venetia, non era ancora mai uenuto alla baſſezza, ch'egli diceua. <lb></lb></s> <s>Oltre a cio che ne'tempi ſolamente dell'autunno, & del uerno, ſe <lb></lb>non pioue largamente, l'acque di queſto fiume ſogliono in parte <lb></lb>mancare: nella primauera, & nella state ſempre ſono abondantiſ<lb></lb>ſime, & molte fiate piu che non ſi uorrebbe: percioche le neui, & <lb></lb>le cauerne ancora piene dell'acque ſotterranee, inſieme col freddo, <lb></lb>che nel tempo della state ſi ritira nelle ſpelunche, & è cagione, che <lb></lb>l'aere ingroſſandoſi ſi traſmuti in acqua, ſogliono mantenere il fiu<lb></lb>me gagliardo quaſi ſempre per tutto Agoſto, cioè, ſin che dura la <lb></lb>opportunità d'adacquare i prati. </s> <s>che dopo Agoſto quando ceſſano <lb></lb>le cagioni ſouradette, & l'acque ſcemano, non è piu utile, come <lb></lb>ognuno ſa', cacciare humiditàſouerchia ſopra l'herbe: eſſendo che <lb></lb>le notti ſono lunghe, & il ſole non molto potente: talche il calore <lb></lb>delle piante incomincia piu preſto a ritirarſi alle radici, che ad ha<lb></lb>uer biſogno d'humore come materia atta a cacciar fuora le foglie, <lb></lb>& l'herbe. </s> <s>ma che in ogni caſo anco a queſto ſi ſarebbe potuto fare<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/115.jpg" pagenum="96"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>prouedimento nel modo che fanno i Signori Vinitiani nell'acque <lb></lb>della Brenta, del Brentone, & del Bacchiglione; le quali la state <lb></lb>per certi giorni della ſettimana ſi laſciano alla nauigatione, per <lb></lb>certi altri ſi diuertiſcono all'uſo dell'agricoltura. </s> <s>& in queſto mo<lb></lb>do partendo l'utile, & il danno in ambiduoi quelli uſi, ſi ſeruono <lb></lb>dell'acque molto prudentemente per l'uno, & per l'altro biſogno.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Ha incominciato a lauorare queſta machina ſopra il terreno de <lb></lb>la Mezana de i Signori Caſali, lontano circa tre miglia da Pia<lb></lb>cenza, a beneficio del molto Magnifico Sig. Giouan Gaſparo mio <lb></lb>amiciſſimo: oue ſi uede in proua reale, & in effetto di chiara eſpe<lb></lb>rienza la quantità dell'acqua, l'altezza, la facilità del moto, & <lb></lb>tutte l'altre poſitioni affermate di ſopra, & che ricercano la cer<lb></lb>tezza della cognitione de ſenſi. </s> <s>Ma è hormai forſe tempo, che <lb></lb>laſciando la ſua parte al commune giudicio de gli huomini, laſci <lb></lb>anco aſſai opportunamente alcune altre particolarità, che oltra <lb></lb>alle gia dette ſi potrebono (ſenza dir pero coſa ſouerchia, come mi <lb></lb>ſono sforzato di oſſeruare ſino a queſto termine) commodamente <lb></lb>diuiſare: & coſi ponga fine a queſti, s'io non m'inganno, non del <lb></lb>tutto inutili ragionamenti. </s> <s>Io lo farò dunque ſubito che <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> pochiſ<lb></lb>ſime parole haurò moſtrato, che con l'eſperienza della Chiocciola <lb></lb>ſi riſponderà per auentura ad alcuni nel modo, che come dice Ari<lb></lb>ſtotele nella ſua Politica, gia riſpoſe Talete Mileſio ad altri di ſi<lb></lb>mile natura. </s> <s>A queſto gran filoſofo fu rimprouerato da uno di co<lb></lb>ſtoro, li quali non adorano, & non conoſcono altro, che l'oro; che <lb></lb>egli ſcioccamente ſeguiua gli studi di filoſofia, poſcia che non ar<lb></lb>reccauano guadagno alcuno; anzi erano cagione, che egli gettaſſe <lb></lb>i danari, che per altra uia lui ueniuano in mano: onde non haueua <lb></lb>mai accreſciute le ſoſtanze de'beni della fortuna, & ſempre era re <lb></lb>ſtato pouero. </s> <s>Riſe Talete del uano giudicio di quel huomo uolga<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>& hauendo preuiſto da'ſegni naturali col mezo della filoſofia, <lb></lb>che a quello allhora preſente anno, nel quale era stato grandiſſima <lb></lb>abondanza d'oglio, ne doueua ſeguire; perche ſarebbono diuenuti <lb></lb>sterili gli uliui, una grandiſſima careſtia; raccolſe con l'aiuto de <lb></lb>gli amici quanta maggior ſomma di danari egli puote, co'quali <lb></lb>comperò, & inarrò quaſi tutto l'oglio di Chio, & di Mileto. </s> <s>Eſ<lb></lb>ſendo poi uenuto il tempo della preconoſciuta careſtia, & uenduto <lb></lb>l'oglio da lui per tutto il maggior prezzo, che egli haueua uoluto,<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/116.jpg" pagenum="97"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ne traſſe guadagno ineſtimabile: & con queſta occaſione fece ue<lb></lb>dere, che a'Filoſofi non mancauano uie di farſi ricchi, pur che ſe ne <lb></lb>fuſſero curati. </s> <s>Coſi io ſpero che la proua ſgannerà alcuni, li quali <lb></lb>talhora ſi ſono burlati dell'opere mathematice, ſcoprendo loro, che <lb></lb>gli huomini ſcientiati, fra'quali io confeſſo d'eſſere il minimo, ſe ui <lb></lb>uoleſſero applicare il penſiero, & uſaſſero con prudenza il <lb></lb>ſapere loro, ſarebbono per cauare piu honeſto guada<lb></lb>gno per ſe, & con gran beneficio de gli altri, de <lb></lb>la prattica delle ſcienze, che gli huomini <lb></lb>uolgari con quanti auanzi d'auari<lb></lb>tia adoperaſſero per ammaſ<lb></lb>ſare quelle ſoſtanze, <lb></lb>che poi gli here<lb></lb>di ſuoi <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> <lb></lb>ſpendono forſe <lb></lb>come ſi conuerrebbe <lb></lb>ſecondo la uera ragione.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>IL FINE DEL TERZO, ET<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><lb></lb>VLTIMO DISCORSO.</s></p><figure id="id.021.01.116.1.jpg" xlink:href="021/01/116/1.jpg"></figure></chap></body><back><section><pb xlink:href="021/01/117.jpg" pagenum="98"></pb><p type="main"> <s>OCTAVIVS FARNESIVS Placen<lb></lb>tiæ, & Parmæ Dux ſecundus. </s> <s>&c. <lb></lb></s> <s>Datæ ſunt nobis ſupplices litteræ ab <lb></lb>Egregio Phyſico D. Ioſeph Ceredo, <lb></lb>infraſcripti exempli, uidelicet, <lb></lb>Illuſtriſſimo, & Eccellentiſs. Sig. Duca. <lb></lb>Benche molti ingegnoſi, & dotti huo<lb></lb>mini coſi antichi come moderni, ſi ſie<lb></lb>no sforzati ſin'hora di trouare iſtro<lb></lb>menti, co'quali poteſſero alzare acqua per diuerſi uſi; niſſuno è pe<lb></lb>ro mai stato (che ſi ſappia) il quale, leuandone gran quantità, <lb></lb>l'habbia alzata alto ſecondo il biſogno per adacquar terreni, aſciu <lb></lb>gar ualli, far macinar molini, & altre coſe ſimili in modo, che la <lb></lb>ſpeſa del motore, & del fabricare, & mantenere la machina non <lb></lb>ſia riuſcita o maggiore, o quaſi pare all'utile, che puo ſeguire da <lb></lb>tali inuentioni. </s> <s>Maio con la ſcorta delle ragioni mathematice, & <lb></lb>naturali; & con le proue di diuerſi modelli piccioli, & grandi, <lb></lb>dopo molta induſtria, lunghe fatiche, & graui ſpeſe ho finalmente <lb></lb>corretto in maniera, & ridotto a tal perfettione la dottrina de gli <lb></lb>antichi in fabricare la Chiocciola; & anco ho di nuono ritrouato <lb></lb>un'organo ſi gagliardo per mouerla facilmente, & aſſai <expan abbr="uelocemẽ-te">uelocemen<lb></lb>te</expan>, che con mediocre ſpeſa, a riſpetto dell'utile, coſi in fabricarla, <lb></lb>come in mouerla, & mantenerla ſodisferà ottimamente a tutti gli <lb></lb>ſouraſcritti, & a molti altri biſogni: percioche un'huomo ſolo, <lb></lb>benche di mediocri forze, alzerà con queſto iſtromento, & con <lb></lb>l'organo del moto ſuo, piu di ſette braccia, dodici oncie d'acqua <lb></lb>almeno, ſecondo la miſura Piacentina: & un cauallo, aſſettando <lb></lb>le Chiocciole nel modo, che io ho poſto in prattica, n'alzerà alme<lb></lb>no mezo canale da prato alla medeſima altezza, & con la mede<lb></lb>ſima uelocità: potendoſi anco raddoppiare, & moltiplicare il mo<lb></lb>to a qualunque altezza ſi uoglia in infinito; & uariare a giuſta <lb></lb>proportione l'altezza d'ogni pezzo particolare ſecondo la quan<lb></lb>tità dell'acqua, che ſi ricerca. </s> <s>Et perche non è conueneuole, che <lb></lb>alcuna honeſta induſtria, & fatica, la quale ſia per partorire be<lb></lb>neficio a molti, reſti ſenza qualche honore, & premio: Percio <lb></lb>ſupplico a V.E. che uoglia concedermi priuilegio, che niſſuno di <lb></lb>qualunque grado, o conditione ſi uoglia, o Capitolo, Congregatio-<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/118.jpg" pagenum="99"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>ne, od Vniuerſità in queſto ſuo Stato di Piacenza, & di Parma, <lb></lb>& ne gli altri ancora, poſſa dentro allo ſpatio di uenticinque anni <lb></lb>auenire fabricare, ne hauere, ne uſare, ne in acque publiche, ne in <lb></lb>priuate per adacquar terreni, o fare qualunque altro effetto que<lb></lb>ſto iſtromento, ne l'organo del moto di lui; ſenza eſpreſſa, & au<lb></lb>tentica licenza ottenuta da me, o da miei heredi in iſcritti. </s> <s>impo<lb></lb>uendo quelle pene, che le parranno giuſte, a chi contrafaceſſe: & <lb></lb>ordinando a'ſuoi Magiſtrati, & Officiali, che inuiolabilmente fac<lb></lb>ciano oſſeruare quanto circa queſto per V.E. ſarà ordinato. </s> <s>Et de<lb></lb>ſider andole ogni contentezza humilmente le bacio le mani.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Di V.E. Illuſtriß.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><emph type="italics"></emph>humiliß. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>ſeruidore Giuſeppe Ceredi Fiſico.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="italics"></emph>Quæ cum a nobis, <expan abbr="noſtriſq́">noſtriſque</expan> Magiſtratibus, & Conſiliarijs ad quos <lb></lb>ſpectat, optime ſint perpenſa, & examinata, <expan abbr="uideanturq́">uideanturque</expan>; tam ex <lb></lb>re ipſa propoſita, quàm ob Oratoris ſcientiam, & prudentiam <lb></lb>iamdiu nobis perſpectam; publico, <expan abbr="priuatoq́">priuatoque</expan>; commodo plurimum <lb></lb>collatura: Iccirco per has noſtras decernimus, & uolumus nulli <lb></lb>hominum <expan abbr="cuiuſcunq;">cuiuſcunque</expan> gradus, & prout in datis litteris, extiterint <lb></lb>in Parmenſi, Placentino, & <expan abbr="quocunq;">quocunque</expan> alio noſtro Dominio, licere <lb></lb>ſpacio <expan abbr="uigintiquinq;">uigintiquinque</expan> annorum proxime futurorum, fabricare in<lb></lb>ſtrumentum ab antiquis auctoribus Cocleam nuncupatum; nec <lb></lb>media <expan abbr="organaq́">organaque</expan>; motus eiuſdem, <expan abbr="eoq́">eoque</expan>;, aut eis uti in publicis flumi<lb></lb>nibus, aut priuatorum aquis, pro agrorum irrigatione, aut edu<lb></lb>ctione aquarum ad alium <expan abbr="quencunq;">quencunque</expan> finem, <expan abbr="abſq;">abſque</expan> expreſſa, & in <lb></lb>ſcriptis auctentica licentia a dicto D. Ioſeph, aut hæredibus, ac <lb></lb>ſucceſſoribus ſuis impetrata; ſub pœna amiſſionis machinæ, ſiue <lb></lb>machinarum; & ulterius ſcutorum auri quingentorum a ſingulis <lb></lb>e xigenda <expan abbr="quotieſcunq;">quotieſcunque</expan> contrafeciſſe comperti fuerint. </s> <s>Cuius pœ<lb></lb>næ dimidiam partem noſtræ Ducali cameræ, alteram uero <expan abbr="dimidiã">dimidiam</expan> <lb></lb>ſupplicanti, <expan abbr="eiuſq́">eiuſque</expan>; hæredibus, & ſucceſſoribus <expan abbr="quibuſcunq;">quibuſcunque</expan>, hac <lb></lb>conceſſione durante applicari debere tenore præſentium irreuoca<lb></lb>biliter decernimus. </s> <s>Mandantes Prætoribus, Conſiliarijs, Redi<lb></lb>tuum Magiſtris, Fiſcalibus, <expan abbr="ceteriſq́">ceteriſque</expan>; Magiſtratibus, ac Officiali<lb></lb>bus tam præſentibus, quàm futuris, <expan abbr="quoruncunq;">quoruncunque</expan> locorum, ſeu <lb></lb>terrarum ex Ditionibus noſtris, ut opportuna, & ualida in huius <lb></lb>noſtræ conceſſionis fauorem proclamata publicare, <expan abbr="conditioneſq́ue">conditioneſque</expan><emph.end type="italics"></emph.end><pb xlink:href="021/01/119.jpg" pagenum="100"></pb><emph type="italics"></emph>appoſitas, ac pœnas iniunctas exequi curent, <expan abbr="haſq́ue">haſque</expan> noſtras iuſti <lb></lb>priuilegij litteras inuiolabiliter obſeruent, & obſeruari cogant. <lb></lb></s> <s>In quorum fidem præſentes fieri, <expan abbr="ſigilliq́">ſigillique</expan>; noſtri impreſſione muni<lb></lb>ri iuſſimus. </s> <s>Dat. Placentiæ Idibus Decembris. </s> <s>M. D. LXVI.<emph.end type="italics"></emph.end></s></p><p type="head"> <s>OCTAVIVS F. DVX.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Io. Baptiſta Picus Sec. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>Locus ſigilli pendentis.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Il medeſimo, & <expan abbr="cõ">com</expan> l'iſteſſe <expan abbr="cõditioni">conditioni</expan> ſi puo vedere alla Se<lb></lb>cretaria di Milano nel libro delle patenti. </s> <s>fogli. </s> <s>148. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Similmente ſi vede l'iſteſſo nella Secretaria dell'Illuſtriſs. <lb></lb>Signoria di Venetia, nelle filzze dell'Archiuio dell'an<lb></lb>no 1565. alli 19 di Febraro. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Coſi fu conceſſo da Sua Santità, come appare nel libro de <lb></lb>le Bolle patenti del 1566 alli 18 di Marzo. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Coſi da molti altri Principi, come ſi vede ne'priuilegij <lb></lb>autentici, che ſono appreſſo di me. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Ancora ch'io habbia queſti priuilegij di quaſi tutti li mag <lb></lb>giori Potentati d'Italia, della ſoſtanza iſteſſa che è conte<lb></lb>nuta in quello dello Illuſtriſs. Sig. Duca noſtro: io non ho <lb></lb>pero penſato di ſeruirmene (come ho anco detto diſopra) <lb></lb>con auaritia: ma ſolamente ho deliberato d'accettare cio <lb></lb>che corteſemente, & ragioneuolmente mi ſarà offerto da <lb></lb>quelli, che vorranno accreſcere l'entrate loro, con queſto <lb></lb>ritrouato. </s> <s>Et ſon ſicuro, che niſſuno, che non ſia piu che <lb></lb>rozzo, & ingrato ſarà per portarſi in modo, che ſi leui l'a<lb></lb>nimo a'dotti induſtrioſi, & di qualche ſpirito, che forſe <lb></lb>hanno piu biſogno de'beni della fortuna, che non ho io, di <lb></lb>affaticarſi, & iſpendere del ſuo, per far publico beneficio <lb></lb>con l'opere ritrouate di nuouo alla congregatione de gli <lb></lb>huomini. </s></p><p type="head"> <s>IL FINE.<lb></lb></s></p> </section></back> </text></archimedes>