Composed after Ma’mūn's death in 833 but before 857. It was also the subject of two commentaries, the first by Abū `Ubayd `Abd al-Waḥīd ibn Muḥammad al-Jūzjānī, and the other by Abū al-Ṣaqr `Abd al-`Azīz ibn `Uthmān al-Qabīṣī.  Bīrūnī wrote an extensive discussion of this work entitled Tahdhīb Fuṣūl al-Farghānī. Latin translations: John of Seville (Spain) about 1135.  Printed Latin versions based on this translation were published in Ferara (1493), Nürnburg (1537), and Paris (1546).  The translation of Gerard of Cremona (made some time before 1175) was not printed until the twentieth century, but it circulated in manuscript form throughout Europe.  A Hebrew translation (before 1385?) of the Arabic text was prepared by Jacob Anatoli. This Hebrew version, together with the Latin of John of Seville, was used by Jacob Christmann to prepare a new Latin translation, published in Frankfurt (1590).  The Arabic text, together with a new Latin translation and notes (which cover only the first nine chapters) was published posthumously by Jacob Golius (Amsterdam, 1669).[BEA, DeYoung]