A critique of the Almagest, Planetary Hypotheses, and Optics in which Ibn al-Haytham shows how Ptolemy violated the principles of natural philosophy. See A. I. Sabra and N. Shehaby, Ibn al-Haytham's Dubitationes in Ptolemaeum. Edition of the Arabic Text of al-Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham's al-Shukūk `alā Baṭlamyūs. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub, 1971; 2nd ed. 1996; S. Pines, "Ibn al Haytham's Critique of Ptolemy," Actes du Xe Congrès Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences, Ithaca 1962 (Paris, 1964).