Tuḥfa al-Shāhiyya fī al-hay’a (Shirazi) 689 H. 122 0 31 0 K.2587 Naskh Shīrāzī: Quṭb al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Mas`ūd Muṣliḥ al-Shīrāzī 3870 Shīrāz, Ṣafar 634 or October/November 1236 Tabrīz, 1311 Ramaḍān 710 AH (February 1311) 634-710 Born into a family of physicians in Shīrāz (where he remained until age 24), he studied first with his father Ḍiyā’ al-Dīn al-Kāzarūnī at the then new Muẓaffarī Hospital, then after his father died when he was 14, he continued his studies, with an uncle, also a physician, and 2 prominent teachers, Shams al-Dīn Kīshī and Sharaf al-Dīn Būshkānī. These studies included the “General Principles” of Ibn Sīnā’s Canon of Medicine as well as Sufi mysticism. At Marāgha his most prominent teacher was Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī but he also studied with Najm al-Dīn al-Kātibī and `Urḍī. Sometime after leaving Marāgha, he traveled to Anatolia and studied in Konya, and was appointed chief judge in Malaṭya and Siwās. Circa 1290, Shīrāzī retired to Tabrīz.; Students included: Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī (d. 1320), known for his work on optics (Tanqīḥ al-manāẓir), and Niẓām al-Dīn al-Nīsābūrī (d. 1329/30), a Qur’ān commentator and astronomer. Shīrāzī wrote 3 major works in theoretical astronomy: the Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk (The highest attainment in comprehending the orbs; completed 1281); al-Tuḥfa al-shāhiyya (The imperial gift; completed 1285); and Fa`alta fa-lā talum (You’ve done it so don’t blame [me]), a supercommentary on the Tadhkira fī `ilm al-hay’a by Ṭūsī. [Ragep] قطب الدين محمود ابن مسعود ابن مصلح الشيرازي Shīrāzī: Quṭb al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Mas`ūd Muṣliḥ al-Shīrāzī 1311 Iran author Shīrāzī, Quṭb al-Dīn Tuḥfa al-Shāhiyya fī al-hay’a (Shirazi) 1285 0 التحفة الشاهية في الهيئة Tuḥfa al-Shāhiyya fī al-hay’a (Shirazi) al-Tuḥfa al-shāhiyya (The imperial gift), dedicated to the vizier Amīr Shāh ibn Tāj al-Dīn Mu`tazz ibn Ṭāhir in Siwās in July or August 1285; E. S. Kennedy noted a number of innovative astronomical models in the Nihāya and the Tuḥfa, but G. Saliba showed that many of these models were due to `Urḍī. Shīrāzī should still be credited with new models for the Moon and Mercury (both in the Tuḥfa). He creatively uses what are now known as the `Urḍī lemma and the Ṭūsī couple to achieve combinations of uniform, circular motions (as required by ancient physics for motions in the heavens) that resolve the irregular motions resulting from Ptolemy’s equant for Mercury and from his choice of the center of the universe as the reference point of motion for the Moon’s eccentric orb. [Ragep] Note that the Shīrāzī also dedicated to this vizier his Tarjamah-i taḥrīr-i uṣūl-i Uqlīdis, a translation from Arabic into Persian of Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s 15-part “Recension” of Euclid’s Elements. [FJR, New Dictionary of Scientific Biography] Tuḥfa al-Shāhiyya fī al-hay’a (Shirazi) K.2587 K.2587 Shiraz Shiraz place Istanbul Istanbul place Ayasofya Ayasofya