annotate texts/archimedesOldCVSRepository/archimedes/raw/berga_disco_01_it_1579.raw @ 19:d1dd35fc15df

Yet another new version.
author Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de>
date Thu, 02 May 2013 12:23:20 +0200
parents 22d6a63640c6
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1 <pb>
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2 <C><R>DISCORSO
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3 DI M. ANTONIO BERGA
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4 LETTORE FILOSOFO
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5 nella vniuer$it&agrave; di Turino,</R></C>
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6 <C>DELLA GRANDEZZA
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7 <R>dell'ACQVA &amp; della TERRA.</R></C>
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8 <C>Contra Lopinione dil S. Ale$$ondro Pualamini.</C>
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9 <FIG>
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10 <C><R>IN TVRINO, appre$$o gli heredi del Beuilacqua,
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11 M. D. LXXIX.</R></C>
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12 <pb n=3>
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13 <C><R>DISCORSO
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14 DELLA GRANDEZZA
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15 ell'Acqua &amp; della Terra.</R></C>
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16 <C>DI M. ANTONIO BERGA,</C>
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17 <C><R>Al Sereni$simo Sig. CAROLO EMANVELE,
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18 Prencipe di Piemonte, $uo S. colendi$simo.</R></C>
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19 <p>S'E dopp&ograve; duoi milla &amp; pi&ugrave; anni Se-
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20 reni&szlig;imo Prencipe, riuocato in dub
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21 bio, $e $ia vero, che l'acqua $ia mag
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22 giore dellaterra, come Platone, Ari
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23 stotile, &amp; Tolomeo banno in$egna-
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24 to. Il che non poco ha turbato i piu famo$i filo$ofi
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25 dell'et &agrave; no$tra, i quali non intendeuano partir$i
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26 dalla verit&agrave;, per molti $ecoli da e&szlig;i ritenuta, &amp;
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27 conefficaci ragioni diffe$a; poiche intorno a que-
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28 $to il $en$o non ci a&szlig;icura, ne meno $i po$$a fare cer
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29 to fondamento nelle mi$ure de icieli &amp; della ter-
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30 ra, dalla Scuola de i mathematici imaginate. Di
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31 che ragionando$i nel co$petto di V.A. laquale con
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32 l'alto $uo ualore tuttauia inuitai piu eleuati in-
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33 gegni, a di$correre intorno le piu graui &amp; o$cure
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34 materie di tutte le $cienze &amp; arti liberali: re$t&ograve;
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35 <pb n=4>
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36 $eruit a accennarmi, che $e le farebbe co$a piu che
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37 grata, $e della maggioranza dell acqua &amp; della
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38 terra $i ri$olue$$e can breuit&agrave; quel tanto, che piu
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39 conforme alla uerit&agrave;, fo&szlig;e giudicato. Alche cono-
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40 $cendo e$$ere ufficio mio di $odisfare, inuocando
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41 il fauore di V.A. dar&ograve; principlo, propon&etilde; do quat-
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42 tro capi principali, $enzai qualinon $i pu&ograve;, con
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43 uia facile &amp; or dinata, di$correre intorno alla
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44 propo$ta qui$tione.
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45 <p>Nel primo de iquali, accio che $i leui ogni con-
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46 fu$ione, $i dichiarer&agrave; in che modo $i debba inten-
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47 dere que$ta maggioranza dell'acqua. Nel $econ-
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48 do $i proponer anno i. principij &amp; le ragioni d'Ale$-
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49 $andro Picolomini, per prouare che la terra $ia
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50 dell'acqua maggiore. Nelterzo $i addurr&atilde;no le
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51 ragioni d'Ari$t. &amp;' da noi ritrouate, per dimo$tra-
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52 re, che l'acqua $ia della terra maggiore. Nel
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53 quarto capo finalmente $i ri$ponder &agrave; a tutte le
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54 obiettioni, &amp; $i e$aminar anno diligentemente le
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55 ri$po$te dil Picolomini, con le $nppo$itioni o $ia
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56 principij dell'iste$$o.
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57 <MARG>Cap. <R>1.</R></MARG>
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58 <p>Incominciando adunque dal primo capo, due
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59 $ono i modi, con i quali $i dice un corpo e$$ere del-
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60 l'alrro maggiore, concio$ia co$a che $i po&szlig;a $econ-
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61 do la profon&aacute;ita &amp; altezza $ua mi$ur are, o $ia
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62 <pb n=5>
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63 $econdo il centro della grandezza, o vero $econ-
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64 do l'esten$ione maggiore nella $ua ampiezza, $i
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65 che occupi piu ampia sfera, come per e$empio
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66 par agonando nell'ouo il bianco col ro$$o, $i pu&ograve;
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67 vedere: nel primo modo $ono quei corpi maggio-
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68 ri, i quali e$$endo $econdo tutte le loro parti ugual
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69 mente raccolti &amp; uniti, $e bene occupano minor
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70 sfera, hanno nondimeno profondit&agrave; maggiore,
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71 come in una palla $oda &amp; perfettamente roton-
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72 da, $i comprende, con che $i stima la terra e$-
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73 $ere maggiore dell'acqua, poiche $econdo il cen-
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74 tro habbia ottenuto, profondit&agrave; maggiore, nell'al-
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75 tro modo $i stimano e$$ere tutti quei corpi mag-
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76 giori, i quali $e bene hanno mancho profondi-
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77 t&agrave;, occupano non dimeno maggior sfera con la
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78 loro circonferenza, il che $i concede dell'aria,
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79 paragonato a questoglobo composto dell'acqua &amp;
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80 della terra. Et nel uno modo &amp; l'altro, intendia-
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81 mo di uedere, $e l'acqua $ia maggiore della terra.
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82 Dipoi $ar&agrave; bene di auertire, ch'intendiamo di
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83 comprendere tutta l'uniuer$it&agrave; delle acque, come
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84 mari, laghi, paludi, $tagni, fiumi, fonti, e tutte l'al
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85 tre contenute nelle ui$cere &amp; cauerne della ter-
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86 ra: accio che le ragioni dell'una &amp; de ll'altra par
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87 ti $iano piu a propo$ito recitate. Di tutta adon-
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88 <pb n=6>
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89 que l'acqua con la terra me$colata, $e bene non
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90 $ia tanto profonda, $econdo le $ue parti diui$e co-
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91 me la terra, $i ricerca $e $ia maggiore, ouero mi-
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92 nore d'e&szlig;a terra.
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93 <MARG>Cap. <R>2.</R></MARG>
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94 <p>Et il Picolomini intendendo dimostrare, che la
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95 terra $ia dell'acqua maggiore, a gui$a di buon
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96 loico &amp; mathematico, incomincia da certi $uppo
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97 $iti, o $ia principij, nel quarto &amp; quinto capo del
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98 $uo trattato, i quali $e fo$$ero reputatiueri, non
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99 $i potrebbe in modo alcuno riprouare la $ua opi-
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100 nione.
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101 <p>Fra i quali il primo e tale, che hauendo$ime$$o
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102 auanti a gli occhi una sfera $oda intorno a tre
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103 piedi di diametro, la piu fedele che habbia potu-
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104 to hauere, con certa mi$ura hauere ritrouato, la
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105 $uperficie della terra e$$ere piu ampia che la $u-
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106 perficie dell'acqua, benche nelle due quarte au-
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107 strali, quella dell'acqua re$ti un poco maggiore,
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108 con che nel $econdo afferma, hauere laterra mag-
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109 giore profondit&agrave; che l'acqua, perche $i &egrave; ricono-
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110 $ciuto nei mari nauigati $ino al pre$ente, che non
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111 $i profondano piu di mezo miglio, &amp; la terra a
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112 tre milla e cinquecento miglia. A que$to aggion-
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113 ge lo terzo nel capo $e$to. e$$ere certo, $e bene $i
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114 comprendino tutte l'acque, e$$ere la maggior par-
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115 <pb n=7>
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116 te della terra $coperta, $e $i mi$urer &agrave; non $ola-
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117 mente lo $patio, che contiene il mare, ma etiam-
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118 dio quello che &igrave; grandi&szlig;imi laghi con la palude
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119 meotide, che gira miglia <R>720.</R> etutti li fiurni con
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120 i fonti occupano, poiche le parti piu eminenti,
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121 le montagne, i colli habbiano occupato qua$i la
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122 terza. parte della faccia della terra, contando le
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123 I$ole maritime, lequali $ono in gran numero &amp;
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124 di not abile grandezza. con che pa$$ando al $et-
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125 timo capo, aggionge il quarto $uppo$ito, che $e be-
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126 ne $i conceda, che l'acque $i profonda$$ero $ino
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127 al centro della terra, non percio auanz arebbono
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128 in maggioranza e$$a terra, poiche $iano $econdo
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129 il $emidiametro digr an long a inferiori della ter-
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130 ra, come $i proua dal tragheto, che $i troua dal
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131 mare Eu$ino alle colonne di Hercole, nel stretto di
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132 Gibilterr a. per il che $uppone e$$er minore $econ-
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133 do ogni dimen$ione l'acqua della terra. Il quinto
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134 $uppo$ito da lui recitato, &egrave; tale, che per le noue na
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135 uigationi oltra il Mar del Sur, $i &egrave; $coperta una
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136 noua &amp; gran terra, &amp; ritrouato e$$ere il fal$o,
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137 che ilmare Oceano circondi tutta la terra: anzi
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138 &egrave; piu ueri$imile, che l'acqua re$ti circondata dal-
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139 laterra, poiche $ia nece$$ario, che $ia dalla terra
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140 come in un ua$o riceuuta: restando la terra $otto
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141 <pb n=8>
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142 l'acqua per la maggior parte collocata, po$ti adon
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143 que auanti que$ti principij, ouero $uppo$iti, ha-
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144 uendo prima e$aminato le ragioni &amp; autorit &agrave; del
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145 la $entenza di Ari$totile da lui recitate, mette
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146 auantimolte ragioni, per confutarla, lequali fe-
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147 delmenter accont aremo, pa$$ando al. <R>12.</R> capo del
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148 $uo trattato, &amp; con facilit &agrave; &amp; breuit&agrave; maggio-
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149 re che $ar&agrave; po&szlig;ibile.
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150 <p>La primier a adonque uien tolta dalla profon-
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151 dit &agrave; della terra, la quale $enza proportione auan
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152 zando quella dell'acqua, poiche $i profonda intor-
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153 no a tre millia cinquecento miglia, per il giro che
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154 $i troua hauere la terra nella $ua cir conferenza,
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155 &amp; l'acqua de i piu profondi marinon arriui a vn
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156 miglio, $enz a dubbio $i ha da credere, che l'acqua
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157 $ia minore della terra: ouero $i con$ideri l'acqua,
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158 $econdo che laterra ricuopre, &ograve; uero $econdo l'e-
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159 lemento tutto in$ieme vnito &amp; raccolto, perche
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160 non potr&agrave; mai occupare maggior sfera della
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161 terra, come dalle nuoue nauigationi $i&egrave; rico-
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162 no$ciuto.
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163 <p>La $econda ragione con laquale il mede$imo
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164 dimo$tra, &egrave; pre$a dalla qu&atilde;tit&agrave; de iuapori, i quali
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165 $ono materia dell'acqua: e&szlig;endo adonque que$ti
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166 uaporitirati dal Sole, di gran long a alla terra in-
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167 <pb n=9>
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168 feriori, nece&szlig;ario &egrave; che l'acqua $ia della terra mi-
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169 nore.
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170 <p>La terza ragione viene fondata nel flu$$o &amp;
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171 reflu$$o, &ograve; $ia e$t&ograve; dil mare, perche e$$endo cau$ato
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172 non $olamenti dalla Luna, ma etiamdio dal Sole,
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173 non potrebbe il Sole que$to fare, $e il mare fo$$e di
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174 profondit&agrave; maggiore: concio$ia co$a che i raggi
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175 $uoi non potrebbero tanto auanti penetrare, per
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176 il che cento &egrave;, che l'acqua resti della terra molto
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177 inferiore.
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178 <p>La quartaragione dalui addota, &egrave; perche ol-
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179 tre la profondit&agrave;, $i vede che la terra $ia pi&ugrave; alta
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180 &amp; eminente dell'acqua, il che li monti dimo$tra-
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181 no e$$endo alc&ugrave;ni dilorotanto alti, che ne pioggia,
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182 ne Vento regna nella $ommit &agrave; loro, $i come del
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183 Olimpo $i narra.
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184 <p>La quinta ragione, &egrave; tolta dalla natura del luo
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185 go, e&szlig;endo adonque il luoco continente &amp; il cor-
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186 po locato contenuto, $enza dubbio il corpo che $i
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187 troua contenere un'altro $ar&agrave; maggiore, conte-
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188 nendo adonque la terr a l'acqua, nece$$ario &egrave;, che
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189 $ia maggiore, &amp; $econdo le parti pi&ugrave; eleuate, piu
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190 alta, accioche non $ommergano l'acque tutta la
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191 faccia d'e$$a terra.
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192 <p>La $esta ragione con che proua il mede$imo, &egrave;
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193 <pb n=10>
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194 tolta dall'abbondanza e maggior quantit&agrave; della
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195 terra, che concorre alla compo$itione dei corpi mi-
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196 sti, tanto animati, quanto inanimati, i quali e$$en
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197 do dal predominio terreni &amp; $odi, $egno &egrave;, che la
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198 terra predomini all'acque: con che aggionge, che
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199 $iano i mi$ti nella terrain maggior numero, che
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200 nell'acqua, $e bene $itrouano animali acquatici
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201 dei terreni maggiori.
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202 <p>La $ettima ragione, &egrave; fondata $opra la di$tan
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203 za delle parti del centro, e&szlig;endo adonque la ter
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204 ra $econdo le $ue parti tanto piane, come rileua-
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205 te, pi&ugrave; lontana dal centro del Mondo, che quelle
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206 dell'acqua, percioche $ia piuri$tretta &amp; unita in-
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207 $ieme, &amp; piu $i profondi $econdo il tutto dell'ac-
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208 qua, per e$$ere $emplicemente graue, resta dun-
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209 que che $ia maggiore.
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210 <p>L'ottaua ragione, $uppone della terra &amp; del-
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211 l'acqua e$$ere composto un $ol globo, il che e$$en-
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212 do uero, $ar&agrave; di nece&szlig;it &agrave; l'acqua concentrica con
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213 la terra: profondando$i adunque piu la terra, &amp;
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214 re$tando nondimeno pi&ugrave; rileuata dell'acqua, $en-
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215 za dubbiore$tar &agrave; maggiore, ancora che $i profon
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216 da&szlig;e $ino al centro della terra. perche l'acqua
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217 nel profondar$i $i mouerebbe piramidalmente.
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218 Que$te $ono le migliori ragioni c'ho potuto caua-
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219 <pb n=11>
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220 re dal di$cor$o del Picolomini.
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221 <p>Finalmente nel capo decimoterzo, con $cioglie
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222 re leragioni di Aristotile, s'ingegna ancora dimo
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223 $tr are, che l'acqua $ia maggiore della terra, in che
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224 $e habbia con$eguito il $uo intento, giudicaremo
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225 nell'ultimocapo di que$to no$tro di$cor$o. Intanto
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226 ritorna, riprendendo l'opinione di vn'altro, raccon
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227 tata nel capo $eguente per dimo$tr are, che non $ia-
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228 no corpi eccentrici l'acqua &amp; la terra, ma con-
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229 centrici, il che appre&szlig;o di lui &egrave; argomento della
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230 maggioranza della terra; poiche stima, che il
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231 centro della grauezza $ia il centro dell'vni-
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232 uer$o, al quale andarebbono tutti gli corpi gra-
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233 ui, $e dalla terra nonfo$$ero impediti, &amp; a que-
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234 $to uuole che $eguiti in ogni modo, che il centro del
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235 la grauezza, $ia vn mede$imo col centro del-
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236 la grandezza, ancor che l'acqua circonda&szlig;e
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237 tutta la terra, &amp; resta$$e come l'aria &amp; il fuo-
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238 co piu eminente: percioche non hauerebbe al-
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239 tro centro della $ua grauezza, che il centro del-
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240 l'vniuer$o. con che pa&szlig;ando all'ultimo capo, con
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241 longo ragionamento conchiude, e&szlig;ere $tato nece$-
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242 $ario, che fo$$e maggiore la terra de ll'acqua: ac-
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243 cioche non re$ta$$e tutta la terra inondata et $om
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244 mer$a; &amp; perche l'ombra della terra $ia $olamen
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245 <pb n=12>
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246 te cau$a delli eccli&szlig;i della Luna, per e$$ere opaca,
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247 &amp; l'acqua tra$parente: laquale $e per e&szlig;ere piu
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248 alta della terra, fo&szlig;e cagione dell'eccli$$e della Lis
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249 na, restarebbe con maggiore &amp; minore opacita
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250 eccli$$ata, $econdo le parti di dentro &amp; di fuori;
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251 per il che conchiude, e&szlig;ere la terra maggiore.
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252 <MARG>Cap. 3.</MARG>
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253 <p>Doppo lequali, lordine da noi proposto uole, che
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254 pa&szlig;iarno alle ragioni, con le quali $i dimo$tr a e$$ere
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255 piu uer a la $entenza di Ari$totile, che l'acqua $ia
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256 maggiore della t&eacute;rra: ben che per non e$$ere in un
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257 globori$tretta habbia minore profondit&agrave; &amp; nltez
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258 za $econdo il centro della gr&atilde;dezza della terra.
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259 <p>La primiera, con laquale intendiamo dimo-
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260 strare que$ta uerit&agrave;, $ar&agrave; fondata nella $ostan-
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261 za della terra, laquale non &egrave; ugualmente graue,
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262 ne den$a, et bene unita $econdo tutte le $ue parti,
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263 per il che era nece$$ario, che fo&szlig;e l'acqua con e$$a
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264 lei me$colata, accioche $i pote$$e con giu$to equili-
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265 brio fermare nel centro dell'uniuer$o: Onde ch'e$-
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266 $endo l'acqua di gran longa men' graue della ter-
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267 ra, nece$$ario &egrave;, accio che la po$$a equilibr are &amp;
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268 $pingendola fermare nel centro del mondo, che in
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269 quantit&agrave; auanzi e$$a terra.
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270 <p>La $econda ragione, di cui intendiamo $eruir-
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271 $i a questo propo$ito, $ar &agrave; questa, E&szlig;endo concen-
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272 <pb n=13>
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273 trica l'acquacon la terra, &amp; minore, $ar&agrave; nece$-
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274 $ario, formando$i una $uperficie di questo loro glo
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275 bo sferica, che il centro della grandezza &amp; del-
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276 la grauezza della terra, &amp; dell'acqua, $ia il me-
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277 de$imo: il che datuttigli filo$ofi uiene riprouato,
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278 poiche l'acqua me$colatacon laterra non re$ti nel
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279 $uo proprio &amp; natio luogo collocata. con che $e-
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280 guirebbe, che il centro della grauezza non fo$$e
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281 nel vniuer$o di$tinto dal centro della gr&atilde;dezza,
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282 il che $idimo$tra e$$ere fal$o. dalle loro de finitio-
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283 ni, poiche il centro della grandezza, $i stimi e$-
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284 $ere il mezo del firmamento, &amp;'il c&etilde;tro della gra-
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285 uezza piu to$to il punto, che $i troua nel mezzo
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286 della linea, che diuide il corpo graue in due par-
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287 ti ugualmente graui, $i come i piu $aputi filo$ofi
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288 nel libro $econdo dil Cielo in$egnano, percbe ap-
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289 pre$$o diloro, altro non $ia il centro della grandez
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290 za, che il centro c&otilde;mune, ugualmenti di$tante dal
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291 la circonferenz a $econdo tutte le $ue parti, &amp; il
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292 centro dellagraue&zgrave;&zgrave; a non altro, che il mezzo, al
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293 quale di$cendano tutti li corpi graui, come al pro-
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294 prio fine, il quale $empre pende &amp; inchina a per-
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295 pendicolo, uer$o il centro della gr&atilde;dezza, inqual
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296 $iuogliamodo, che resti $o$pe$o il corpo graue; il che
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297 la raggion' richiede, accio non $iamo a$tretti fin-
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298 <pb n=14>
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299 gere un nouo corpo, ilquale $ostenga la terra, che
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300 nel centro del uniuer$o ripo$a: il che ancora molti
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301 geogra$i confe$$ano apertamente, negando il cen-
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302 tro dil mondo e$$ere il centro della terra, accioche
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303 non $egua $econdo il $ito de i poli &amp; ordine de gli
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304 elementi mutatione alcuna; $i che i corpi graui
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305 uolino al in s&ugrave;, &amp; i leggieri di$cendano al ingi&ugrave;.
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306 il che $e $ia uero, non puo e$$ere $econdo l'uno &amp;
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307 l'altro centro l'acqua c&otilde;centrtca con la terra, &amp;
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308 per con$eguente $ar&agrave; po&szlig;ibile, che $ia della terra
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309 maggiore, $e bene $i conceda, che re$ti concentri-
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310 ca $econdo <*> centro della grauezza commune:
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311 il che piu a propo$ito $ar&agrave; da noi nel progre$$o di-
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312 chiarato.
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313 <p>La terza ragione uien pre$a dal ordine del-
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314 l'uniuer$o, poiche gli elementi piu nobili habbia-
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315 no ottenuto luogo $uperiore, &amp; per con$eguenza
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316 maggiore, il che $e $ia uero, poiche il fuoco &egrave; del-
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317 l'aria maggiore, &amp; l'aria dell'acqua, nell'ordine
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318 della nobilt&agrave;; nece$$ario &egrave;, che l'acqua$ia maggio-
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319 re della terra.
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320 <p>La quarta ragione &egrave; fondata nella proportio-
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321 ne $econdo la quantit&agrave; de gli elementi, di cui f&agrave;
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322 mentione Ari$totile nel libro primo della meteo-
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323 ra, il te$to <R>12.</R> laquale e$$endo decupla, come $i
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324 <pb n=15>
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325 proua nella generatione loro, $i come il fuoco, che
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326 $i produce dell'aria re$ta maggiore, &amp; l'aria del-
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327 l'acqua, &egrave; ancora nece$$ario, gener ando$i l'acqua
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328 nella corrutione della terra, che habbia maggior
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329 quantit&agrave; ch'e$$a terra, per lo che $i $tima e&szlig;ere il
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330 fuoco milecuplo maggiore della terra, &amp; il centa
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331 plo de l'acqua, &amp; che l'aria $ia il decuplo de l'ac-
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332 qua, &amp; il centuplo della terra: di cui $ia il decu-
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333 plo l'acqua, concio$ia co$a che di un pugillo di ter-
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334 ra, $e ne facciano dieci d'acqua. Il che uol$e Pla-
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335 tone che fo&szlig;e nece$$ario, accioche gli e$tremi ele-
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336 menti, il fuoco &amp; la terra, con que $ti duoi mez-
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337 zi dell'acqua &amp; dell'aria re$ta$$ero congionti in-
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338 $ieme: e$$endo nei corpi $odi po&szlig;ibile il mezzo
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339 uguale nella geometrica proportione.
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340 <p>La quinta ragione, &egrave; fondata nelli eccli&szlig;i del-
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341 la Luna, concio$ia co$a che $e fo$$e la terra mag-
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342 giore &amp; piu eminente dell'acqua, $arebbe po&szlig;ibi-
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343 le, che il corpo della Luna, $i o$cur a$$e tal uolta
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344 $olamente $econdo il centro, restando tutte l'al-
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345 tre parti illuminate, e$$endo laterra nella $uper-
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346 ficie molto inuguale, &amp; pi&ugrave; eleuata nel polo antar
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347 tico $otto l'or$e, che nell'artico, il che non e$$endo
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348 giamai in tanti eccli&szlig;i auuenuto, $ar &agrave; $enza dub
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349 bio, l'acqua maggiore della terra.
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350 <pb n=16>
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351 <p>La $e$ta ragione, con la quale il mede$imo $i
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352 dimo$tra &egrave; que$ta, $e la terra fo$$e maggiore &amp;
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353 pi&ugrave; eminente dell'acqua, leuata uia l'acqua, $i
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354 mouerebbe la terra al $uo luogo, di che con la pruo
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355 ua in mano $i mostr&agrave; il contrario, poiche il fuoco,
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356 tiri &agrave; $e l'acqua per l'orificio del va$o ri$oaldato,
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357 non tirando dopp&ograve; $e la terra, $i come Ari$totile
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358 al fine de i $uoi libri del Cielo dimo$tra.
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359 <p>La $ettima ragione, $ar&agrave; que$ta, $e la ter-
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360 ra fo$$e maggiore dell'acqua, douunque $i ri-
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361 troua piu eminente con i monti la terra, $i ritro-
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362 uarebbeno l'acque tanto de mari, come de laghi,
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363 &amp; fiumi minori, il che ne i mari $ettentrionali $i
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364 &egrave; ritrouato in contrario, poiche iui in molti luo-
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365 ghi $i $iano ritrouati di profondit&agrave; inconmen$u-
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366 r&agrave;bile, $i come Holao magno nel libro $econdo al
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367 capo x. delle historie Gotiche $criue, per il che $a-
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368 r&agrave; $enza dubbio nece$$ario, che l'acqua re$ti mag
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369 giore della terra.
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370 <p>L'ottaua ragione uien fondata nella purit&agrave; &amp;
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371 impurita de gli elementi e$$endo adonque per
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372 la maggior purit&agrave; il fuoco de gli altri maggiore,
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373 $ar&agrave; etiamdio nece$$ario che l'acqua e$$endo ele-
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374 mento piu puro della terra, nella quale $i ritro-
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375 uano acaue, aere, &amp; fuoco, in$ieme me$colati, che
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376 <pb n=17>
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377 $ia l'acqua dell&agrave; terra maggiore.
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378 <p>La nona ragione $egue la quantit&agrave; della ma-
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379 teria, che cia$cuno elemento ha ottenuto nella $ua
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380 generatione: hauendo adonque l'acqua piu cop-
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381 pia di materia, poiche immediatamente $i puo del
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382 l'aria &amp; della terra produrr&egrave;, $ar&agrave;uero che $ia
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383 della terra maggiore.
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384 <p>La decima ragione, uien tolta dalla genera-
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385 tione de gli elementi, i quali $i $tima e$$ere $tati
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386 prodotti dalla prima materia &amp; prime qualit &agrave;
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387 con l'aiuto del Cielo. E$$endo adonque il fuoco per
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388 e$$ere piu vicino al Cielo primieramente prodot-
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389 to &amp; maggiore de gli altri, la ragion uuole, che
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390 l'acqua e$$endo dianci la terra prodotta, etiam-
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391 dio $ia della terra maggiore.
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392 <p>L'vndecima ragione, resta fondata nella ne-
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393 ce&szlig;it&agrave; de l'ordine di questo uniuer$o, concio$ia
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394 co$a che per dar lume a que$to Mondo inferiore,
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395 nece$$ario fo$$e che gli corpi per$picui &amp; tran$pa-
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396 renti auanza$$ero non $olamenti in numero ma
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397 in quantit&agrave; ancora gli opacchi; re$tando adonque
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398 l'acqua pi&ugrave; tr&agrave; li per $picui che $r&agrave; gli opacchi, do-
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399 ueua e$$ere della terra maggiore, acci&ograve; la luce me
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400 glio pote$$e tutte le parti della terra penetrare.
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401 <p>La duodecima ragione, na$ce dal principio
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402 <pb n=18>
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403 commune di tutte le co$e, il qual' e$$endo il $eme
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404 caldo &amp; humido, accio fo$$e bastante in infinito
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405 di produrre tante &amp; diuer$e co$e, per e$$ere di na-
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406 tura acqueo &amp; aereo: era conueneuole, che l'ac-
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407 qua fo$$e maggiore della terra, laquale $i stima
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408 e&szlig;ere inetti&szlig;ima alla generatione.
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409 <p>La terzadecima ragione &egrave; fondata nella con-
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410 formit&agrave; $econdo le qualit&agrave; dell'elementi, e$$endo
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411 adonque l'acqua conforme a l'aria $econdo la leg-
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412 gerezza &amp; humidit &agrave;, &amp; l'aria col fuoco $econdo
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413 la caldezza &amp; leggerezza. con che il $uperio-
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414 re di maggioranza eccede l'inferiore, $ere$ta l'ac
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415 qua naturalmente doppo l'aria, re$tar&agrave; in ogni
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416 modo della terra maggiore.
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417 <p>La decimaquartar agione uiene fondata nel-
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418 l'attiuita de gli elementi, nella quale $i compren-
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419 de que$ta proportione, che oue $i troua attiuita
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420 maggiore iui $i ritroua la re$i$tenza minore, il che
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421 non procede che dalla quantita della materia con
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422 ueneuole a cia$cun' elemento: e$$endo adonque
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423 l'acqua di attiuita maggiore della terra. nece$-
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424 $ario &egrave;, che re$ti a lei nella quantita $uperiore.
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425 <p>La decimaquinta ragione na$ce da l'ordine $e
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426 condo il $uo dell'uniuer$o: e$$endo adonque later
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427 ra il $uo centro, &amp; il Cielo la $ua circonferenza,
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428 <pb n=19>
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429 la quale auanza di maggioranza il centro che
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430 $i stima e$$ere $imile al punto. Se $ia l'acqua piu
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431 conforme come l'aria alla circonferenza perche
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432 non $ia a$$olut amente graue, nece$$ario $ar&agrave;, che
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433 restimaggiore.
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434 <p>La decima$e$ta ragione $ar&agrave; que$ta. e$$endo
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435 co$a chiara che laterra $ia $imile ad una $pong a
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436 cauerno$a &amp; porro$a, $e $i preme&szlig;e bene $econ-
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437 do tutte le $ue parti, di gran long a re$tarebbe mi
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438 nore: il che non $i puo de l'acqua affermare, per
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439 e$$ere pi&ugrave; continua &amp; uguale $econdo tutte le $ue
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440 parti, onde che naturalmente $ar&agrave; l'acqua della
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441 terra maggiore.
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442 <p>La decima$ettima ragione re$ta fondata nella
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443 piu perfetta sfericita dell'acqua: percio che ugual
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444 mente $i moua al centro &amp; alla circonferenza.
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445 il che ricerca che $ia della terra maggiore: $i co-
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446 me l'aria col fuoco e$$endo piu perfettamente sfe-
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447 rici de l'acqua &amp; della terra, $ono di gran longa
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448 maggiori.
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449 <p>La decima ottaua ragione $ar&agrave; tale. Poi che
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450 dianci l'ordine dil Chaos &amp; nel diluuio generale
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451 bau&etilde;do l'acque $uperato la terra, fi $iano $olamen
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452 ti ritir ate ne totalmente con$umate, &egrave; nece&szlig;a-
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453 rio che $iano della terra maggiori.
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454 <pb n=20>
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455 <p>La decimanona ragione $i puo cauare $eguen
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456 do i peripatetici dalla eternit&agrave; del mondo, per-
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457 cioche $e l'acqua gi&agrave; per infiniti $ecoli pa$$ati &amp;
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458 &agrave; auenire, fo$$e alla terra inferiore, $arebbe or-
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459 mai tutta distrutta &amp; con$ummata, e$$endo di
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460 minor re$istenza che laterra. il che per&ograve; n&otilde; &egrave; aue
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461 nuto, e$$endo la generatione dell'acque piu faci-
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462 le &amp; continua che della terra.
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463 <p>La uente$ima ragione, &egrave; fondata nelle inon-
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464 dationi dell'acque, lequali hanno $ommer$o mol
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465 te terre, il che pare che $ia argomento della mag
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466 gioranza dell'acqua. &amp; che habbia ottenuto po-
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467 tenza maggiore della terra.
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468 <p>La vente$imaprima ragione, $egue l'eccellen-
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469 za &amp; nobilt&agrave; de gl'elementi: e&szlig;endo adonque il
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470 fuoco per la nobilt&agrave; &amp; eccellenza $ua $uperio-
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471 re all'aria, &amp; l'aria all'acqua, nece&szlig;ario &egrave;, che
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472 l'acqua e&szlig;endo piu nobile &amp; eccellente della ter-
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473 ra, che $ij d'e&szlig;a maggiore: &amp; che $ia piu nobile:
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474 non $i pu&ograve; dubitare, poiche la terra $ia $imile al-
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475 la feccia &amp; piu opacca &amp; impura dell'acqua.
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476 <p>A que$te $eguano l'altre dal Picolomini adot-
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477 te in fauore della $entenza di Aristotile, nel
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478 primiero capo del $uo trattato, lequali $aranno
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479 per ordine da noi raccontate, accio al $uo luoco
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480 <pb n=21>
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481 $iricono$ca, $e l'habbia o bene o male ri$$olte.
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482 <p>Viene adonque la primiera ragione pre$a dal-
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483 l'auttorit&agrave; di Tolomeo, nel capo <R>13.</R> del quinto
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484 libro dell' Almagesto, con che uuole che il $pacio
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485 che s'interpone tra noi &amp; lorbe Lunare, e$$ere
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486 per dritta linea trentanoue uolte maggiore ch'il
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487 $emidiametro della terra: &amp; douendo que$to $pa-
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488 cio e$$ere ripieno, $i come il fuoco auanz a l'aria,
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489 &amp; l'ania l'acqua, ragioneuol co$a &egrave;, che l'acqua
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490 re$timaggiore della terra.
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491 <p>L'altr a ragione che $egue uiene fondata nel-
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492 la $omiglianza $econdo il tutto &amp; le parti de gli
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493 elementi: prouando$i adonque nella generatione
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494 dell'acqua, far$ipiu ampia &amp; capace la materia
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495 della terra, che non era prima, &amp; quella dell'ac-
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496 qua, mut ando$inell'aria, poiche richieda ua$o piu
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497 capace, $iamo a$tretti di confe$$are, che $i come
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498 l'aria &egrave; maggiore dell'acqua, che co$i ella $ia del-
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499 la terra maggiore.
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500 <p>La terza ragione uien tolta dal $ito de gli ele
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501 menti, e$$endo adonque laterra allogiata nel cen
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502 tro del mondo, &amp; il fuoco nel piu alto, $egue che
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503 l'acqua resti collocata doppo la terra, &amp; contigua
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504 all'aria, $econdo le parti che cuoprano la faccia
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505 d'e$$a terra; il che e$$endo uero $i come il fuoco
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506 <pb n=22>
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507 resta dell'aria, &amp; dell'acqua maggiore, ragione-
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508 uole &egrave;, che l'acqua resti maggiore della terra.
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509 <p>La quarta ragione $egue l'opinione d'alcuni fi-
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510 lo$ofi, i quali credano che gli animali aquatici
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511 $iano non $olamente maggiori ma in piu numero
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512 de gli terre $tri, il che $ar&agrave; argomento che l'acqua
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513 $ia della terra maggiore.
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514 <p>La quinta uien tolta dalla i$perienza, concio-
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515 $ia co$a che nauig ando il Mare uer$o alcuna par-
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516 te molto lontana dal porto, di doue $i&egrave; $ciolto nel
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517 arriuare, $e nella $piaggia $ar&agrave; qualch'edificio
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518 eminente, prima $ar&agrave; la $ommita di cotal' edi-
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519 ficio da nuoi ueduta, che la piu ba$$a parte di
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520 quello: doue che per il contrario $e la terra fo$$e
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521 piu eleuata che l'acqua, &egrave; ugualmente la parte
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522 inferiore del edificio o torre, $i mostrarebbe pri-
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523 ma, concio$ia co$a che in tal ca$o producendo$i
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524 un triangolo con due linee, che u$cire ci imagi-
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525 na&szlig;imo dal occhio nostro, &amp; alla $omma &amp; all
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526 infima parte di quella torre, come in ba$e di det-
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527 to triangolo arriua$$ero; e$$endo l'angolo da ba$$o
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528 o retto, o maggiore di retto, &egrave; con$eguentemente
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529 maggiore la linea ch'alla cima arriua, che quella
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530 non &egrave;, ch'alla piu ba$$a parte uiene, $aria di me
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531 $<*>ieri che douendo$i prima uedere quell'oggetto,
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532 <pb n=23>
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533 ch'&egrave; piu uicino prima, parimente la ba$e dellator-
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534 re che la $ommita $i di$copri$$e a gli occhi no$tri,
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535 come poi con certa figura dimo$tra. auen&etilde;do adon
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536 que il contrario, $egno &egrave;, che l'acqua $ij piu alta &amp;
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537 eminente della terra, &agrave; che $egue che $ia maggio-
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538 re d'e$$a terra.
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539 <p>La $e$ta ragione resta fondata nell'auttorit&agrave;
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540 d' Ari$totile dil primo libro della meteora, al te-
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541 $to <R>12.</R> nella quale col mezzo della proportione
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542 geometrica $i dimostra e$$ere maggiore l'acqua
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543 della terra, $i come il fuoco re$ta dell'aria mag-
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544 giore, &amp; l'aria dell'acqua, percioche $ia in pro-
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545 portione decupla un elemento dell'altro maggio-
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546 re. poiche di dieci pugni di terra $e ne produca-
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547 no cento di acqua, $i come uiene ancora dimo$tra
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548 to nel $econdo libro della generatione al te$to <R>37.</R>
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549 oue par agona li elementi fr&agrave; loro, non $olamenti
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550 $econdo le potenze &amp; uirt&ugrave;, ma etiamdio $econ-
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551 do la grandezza &amp; quantit&agrave; loro, con che con-
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552 chiude apertamente l'acqua e$$ere maggiore della
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553 terra.
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554 <p>La $ettimar agione, uien tolta dall'auttorit&agrave;
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555 di Strabone &amp; di Plinio, i quali hanno creduto
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556 che l'acqua circondi tutta la terra, &amp; che hab-
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557 bia potenza $opra e$$a terra, poiche $ommerga
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558 <pb n=24>
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559 &amp; ingioti$ca molte terre. il che argomento $ar&agrave;
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560 della maggioranza dell'acqua.
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561 <p>Que$te $ono le ragioni, con le quali $i difende
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562 la $entenza di Ari$totile, che l'acqua $ia mag-
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563 giore della terra, il che intendendo noi di $eguire.
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564 Et acci&ograve; che re$ti la $udetta opinione piu $tabile &amp;
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565 ferma, nece$$ario &egrave; che dimo$triamo in prima co-
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566 me natur almente non resti della terra &amp; de l'ac-
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567 qua compo$to un globo concentrico $econdo il cen-
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568 tro della magnitudine, dipoiche l'acqua non $o-
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569 lamente $ia sferica, ma etiamdio piu ugualmente
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570 sferica della terra, &amp; finalmente che $ia piu alta
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571 &amp; eminente die$$a terra.
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572 <p>Quanto al primo capo adonque $e l'acqua fo$-
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573 $e concentrica nel modo $udetto con la terra, &amp;
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574 che di e$$a &amp; la terra fo$$e composto un $ol globo,
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575 $arebbe nece$$ario, che l'acqua fo$$e continua con
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576 la terra, il che uiene riputato fal$o, poiche
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577 $ia di natura &amp; $pecie l'acqua diferente dalla
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578 terra; hauendo qualit &agrave; diuer$a &amp; propria circon
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579 $crittione e$$endo contigua alla terra &amp; parte di
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580 tutto il globo compo$to d'e$$a &amp; della terra. Con
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581 che $eguirebbeno gl'inconuenienti da noi nella
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582 ragione dellicentri allegati, i quali e$$endo di mol
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583 ta importanza, nece$$ario &egrave; di confe$$are, che ue-
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584 <pb n=25>
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585 ramente de l'acqua &amp; della terra non re$ti for-
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586 mato un globo concentrico, $econdo il centro pro
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587 prio della grandezza, ma $olamenti $econdo il cen
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588 tro della grauezza commune, poiche l'acqua re
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589 sta etiam dio $olamenti contigua con e$$a terra &amp;
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590 non gia continua. &amp; di circon$crittione $eparata,
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591 come la difinitione della parte dil corpo dimo$tra.
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592 <p>Dipoiche l'acqua $ia sferica come ancora
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593 concede il Picolomini, &amp; piu sferica della terra,
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594 facilmente $i proua, poiche l'i$perienza l'in$egna.
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595 concio$ia co$a che partendo$i la Naue dal lido,
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596 quando $i troua in alto mare, i nauig anti non ve
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597 dano piu il $egno fermato nel lido, $tando al piede
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598 de l'arbor della Naue, come $e star&atilde;no nella cima,
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599 di che altro non puo e&szlig;ere cagione, che la sferici-
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600 t&agrave; &amp; gonfiamento de l'acqua, come che $ina$con-
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601 dia poco a poco la Naue tutta, e$$endo nell'alto
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602 mare a quelli, che $tauano riguar d&atilde;dola nelli alti
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603 $cogli.
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604 <p>Dipoi $i proua l'acqua e$$ere sferica dacoloro,
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605 i quali nauigando uanno alont anando$i, &ograve; uero
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606 appro&szlig;imando$i alla tramontana, poiche quanto
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607 piu uer$o $ettentrione $i auicinano, tanto piu alte
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608 proportionat amente nel cerchio meridiano gli ap
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609 pari$cano le $telle, da loro uer$o il no$tro polo o$$er
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610 <pb n=26>
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611 uate, &amp; per il contrario andando uer$o mezzo
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612 giorno, $empre piu con la proportione dil camino
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613 loro, $i ueggan loro, le dette $telle abba$$ando.
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614 Di che ancora&egrave; chiaro argomento il uedere l'ac-
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615 qua $opra le foglie mouer$i ugualmenti in figura
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616 sferica, poiche $i moua ugualmenti $econdo tutte
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617 le $ue parti alcentro &amp; alla circonferenza della
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618 $ua magnitudine. di che $i argomenta che $ia piu
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619 ugualmente sferica della terra, laquale al cen-
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620 tro $olamenti ugualmente $i profonda, $econdo
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621 tutte le $ue parti. e$$endo nella e$trema $uperficie
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622 molto inuguale.
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623 <p>Et finalmente la figura dell'uniuer$o lo richie-
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624 de, poiche debbano le parti etiamdio $econdo la
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625 figura e$$ere proportionate al tutto. Con che pa$-
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626 $aremo &agrave; dimostrare con que$ta ragione e&szlig;ere piu
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627 perfettamente sferica l'acqua della terra. perche
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628 non $i puo negare, che nell'e$trema $ua $uperficie
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629 non $ia piu uguale della terra. poiche londe piu
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630 eminente $opra la faccia dil mare, con figura
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631 sferica inondano &amp; inalzano il corpo dil mare,
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632 come nel nauigare $i proua, con che argomenta-
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633 remo e$$ere ancora piu eminente della terra, co-
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634 me primieramente dalli eccli&szlig;i della Luna ca-
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635 gionati dall'ombra delle acque maritime $i puo
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636 <pb n=27>
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637 dimo$trare, &amp; dal na$condere &agrave; nuoi il Sole, $i che
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638 paia che $i $ommerga, &amp; atuffi nell'onde nel $u<*>
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639 tramontare. A che aggiongano i nostri peripate-
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640 tici, che una gleba della terra piu $i profondi d<*>
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641 una gleba dell'acqua e$$endo la terra o&szlig;olutamen<*>
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642 te graue, poiche la terra re$ti atta di di$cender<*>
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643 al centro dell'uniuer$o, &amp; l'acqua $olamenti a<*>
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644 centro della grauezza: per il che natur almen-
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645 te re$ta pi&ugrave; eminente l'acqua della terra. Et $e
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646 cio non fo$$e, non $i mouerebbe l'acqua alla con-
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647 caua parte dell'aria, ne $arebbe dal fuoco tirata<*>
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648 non tir ando$i la terra. il che ancora con questa<*>
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649 ragione $i puo mostrare, concio$ia co$a che $e piu<*>
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650 alta fo$$e la terra dell'acqua, nece$$ario $arebb<*>
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651 che vno elemento natur almenti fo$$e luoco nat<*>
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652 rale &amp; proprio de due elementi, il che $i troua e$-
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653 $ere impo&szlig;ibile, poiche natur almenti $ia $olame<*>
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654 ti luoco di l'uno &amp; violentemente dell'altro: $e
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655 adonque $ia uenuto, che resti un globo compost<*>
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656 dell'acqua &amp; della terra, non &egrave; pero da $timare<*>
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657 che tutte le parti dell'acque restino manco emi-
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658 nenti di e$$a terra, poiche $ia $tato nece$$ario acci<*>
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659 il calore de l'aere &amp; dil fuoco $i contempera$$e co<*>
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660 $reddo ecce&szlig;iuo de l'acqua che l'acqua fo$$e con-
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661 tigua all'aria. onde che dil Mare non $i conce-
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662 <pb n=28>
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663 da, e$$endo che stando noi $opra un monte mol-
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664 to lontano dal mare, benche $iano altri mon-
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665 ti dimezzo, $i uegga pero ilmare &amp; non la ter-
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666 ra piana. Ne $i puo negare che le neni lequali
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667 ancora nella Etiopia $i ritrouano $opra i monti
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668 della Luna &amp; le altre ne i pae$i piu freddi non
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669 $iano piu eminenti &amp; alte della terra come anco-
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670 ra gli uapori acquei, i quali restano $opra tut-
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671 ta la faccia della terra contigui alla sfera dell'a-
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672 ria. Ne ci debbe incontrario adurre la $uperficie
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673 della terra $coperta, et altezza delle montagne,
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674 poiche per la $alute de gli animali $ia $tato nece$-
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675 $ario alla prouidenza della natura di ritenere
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676 con la uirt&ugrave; &amp; influenza del Cielo &amp; delle stelle
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677 l'acque nelle concauita della terra, accio col mo-
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678 uimento uer$o l'aria non copri$$ero tutta la terra.
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679 con che re$ta la $entenza d' Aristotile pi&ugrave; che ue-
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680 ra, e$$ere l'acqua maggiore della terra, o $iano gli
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681 elementi in qual modo $iuoglia puri, &ograve; uero impu-
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682 ri, poiche in questa qui$tione non $i habbia altra
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683 con$ideratione de gli elementi di quella, che ri-
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684 chiede la natura loro, conueneuole alla generatio
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685 ne di tutte le co$e &amp; constitutione dell'uniuer$o.
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686 <MARG>Cap. <R>4.</R></MARG>
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687 <p>Pa&szlig;ando adonque al quarto capo da noi pro-
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688 posto, $ar&agrave; nece$$ario di e$aminare in prima gli
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689 <pb n=29>
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690 $uppo$iti, ouero principij del Picolomini.
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691 <p>Quanto al primo adonque non concediamo,
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692 che $ia uero di tutta l'vniuer$it &agrave; dell'acqua, $e be
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693 ne $i po&szlig;a admettere dell'acque del mare, poiche
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694 que$te $ole habbia mi$urato nella $uperficie dil
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695 $uo globo. onde che $e re$ta$$ero tutte l'acque uni-
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696 te &amp; congregate in$ieme, $arebbono di gran longa
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697 $econdo la $uperficie loro maggiori della $uperficie
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698 della terra.
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699 <p>Quanto al $econdo della profondit&agrave; delli mari,
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700 $e bene $e li conceda delli mediteranei, non $e gli
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701 concede per&ograve; de molti mari $ettentrionali, poiche
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702 Holao magno nelle hi$torie gotiche al capo decimo
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703 dil $econdo libro affermi, nella Norueggia ritro-
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704 uar$i mari &amp; laghi di tanta profondit&agrave;, che $iano
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705 in$candagliabili, poiche hauendo fatto proua di
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706 mi$ur arli con tanta coppia de funi, che caric<*>-
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707 uano una grandi&szlig;ima naue, gia mai fu po&szlig;ibile
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708 ritrouare il fondo loro. Il che ancora in alc<*>ne ca-
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709 riddi de no$tri mari $i ritroua, come che delli abi&szlig;i
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710 dell'acque contenuti nella maggior profondit&agrave; del
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711 la terra $i ha da credere. con che il terzo $uppo-
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712 $ito nel quale $iaggiong ano i laghi, le paludi, fiu-
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713 mi &amp; fontire$ta di poco mom&etilde;to, poiche ol<*>re tut-
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714 te que$t'acque apparenti nella e$trema $uper$icie
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715 <pb n=30>
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716 della terra molte ne $iano in copia maggiore nelle
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717 cauerne &amp; uoragini d'e$$a terra contenute $ino
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718 nel centro d'e$$a terra come il Cardano raconta.
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719 talmente che nell'inferno $itrouano acque per nu
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720 ture il fuoco materiale che iui $i troua d'i loro ua
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721 pori. il quarto $uo $uppo$ito benche paia molto piu
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parents:
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722 efficace, non $tringe &agrave; fatto, concio$ia co$a che mi-
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parents:
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723 $ur ando la profondit&agrave; della terra, re$ti in$ieme
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724 mi$urata tutta la profondit&agrave; dell'uniuer $it &agrave; del-
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725 l'acqua e$$endo uero che l'acqua $i ritroui in tut-
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726 te le sfere me$colata con la terra $i che d'e&szlig;a &amp;
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727 della terra re$ti formato un $ol globo concentrico
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728 come il Picolomini uuole: per il che non mi par
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729 uero, $e l'acque $i profonda$$ero t&atilde;to come la ter
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parents:
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730 ra, che non $arebbeno percio maggiori d'e$$a ter-
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parents:
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731 ra. Et $e pa$$aremo alquinto $uo $uppo$ito, ritro-
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732 uaremo e$$ere di poco ualore, poiche non compren
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parents:
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733 da che l'acque de i mari $in'ora cono$ciuti &amp; na-
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parents:
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734 uigati. oltrei quali puo e$$ere $e bene $i $ia $co-
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735 perta qualche terra, che $i ritrouar&atilde;no altri ma
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736 ri depp<*> quella terra &amp; ma&szlig;ime $oito i circoli ar
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parents:
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737 tico &amp; antartico doue $ono li mari profondi&szlig;imi
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738 &amp; gelaticon infinita coppia d'acqua.
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739 <p>Restando adonque incerti que$ti $uoi $uppo$i-
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740 ti, non ci debbe $opra di loro fare fondamento.
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741 <pb n=31>
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parents:
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742 $i che $ar&agrave; i$pediente, che pa&szlig;iamo alle ri$po$te
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743 portate alle'ragioni &amp; auttorit&agrave;, co<*> lequali $i di
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744 fendeua la $entenza di Ari$totile.
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745 <p>Ri$pondendo adonque nel capo nono dil $uo
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parents:
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746 trattato alla prima ragione pre$a dall'auttorit&agrave;
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747 di Tolomeo, negache la sfera dell'aere compren-
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748 da tanto $pacio, il che non p&ugrave;o con uerit&agrave; nega-
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diff changeset
749 re, poiche tre $iano le sfere o $ia regioni dell'aria,
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750 delle quali incon$ider atamente nega la terza,
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diff changeset
751 nella quale le impre&szlig;ioni ignee $ogliano produr$i.
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parents:
diff changeset
752 $i che $ar&agrave; l'aria $econdo li duo modi dechiarati
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parents:
diff changeset
753 pi&ugrave; grandi di que$to globo poiche occupi &amp; piupro
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754 fonda &amp; ampia sfera. per il che resta l'auttorit&agrave;
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parents:
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755 di Tolomeo nella $ua forza. per dimostrare che
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parents:
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756 l'acqua $ia maggiore della terra.
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757 <p>Alla $econdar agione pre$a dalla omogencita
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758 d&egrave; gli elementi, con che $i coglieua l'acqua e$$ere
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759 maggiore della terra, percioche nella generatio-
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diff changeset
760 ne de l'acqua di un pugno di terra $i proui pro-
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761 dur$iun corpo maggiore, ri$pondendo liber amen-
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762 te nega la con$eguenza. po$cia che $econdo la $en
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763 tenza de i peripatetici, ancora che in ogni parte
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764 loro $ucce&szlig;iuamente li quatro elementi $iano ge-
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765 nerabili &amp; corrutibili, nondimeno in$ieme $econ-
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766 do il tutto non $i po&szlig;ono generare ne meno cor-
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diff changeset
767 <pb n=32>
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parents:
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768 rompere, in che dimostra non ricordar $i delli pre
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769 cetti della loica, ne i quali que$to $i tiene per ue-
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770 ri&szlig;imo, che la co$a po&szlig;ibile $e $i porra e$$ere non $ia
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771 in mo do alcuno impo&szlig;ibile, e$$endo adunque po$-
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772 $ibile, che $econdo il tutto gli elementi $i mutino,
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773 non $ar&agrave; impo&szlig;ibile, che in cotal modo $iano gene
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774 rabili &amp; corruttibili, $i come $i stimano attual-
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775 menti e$$ere $econdo le loro parti.
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776 <p>Alla terza ragione, $e l'acqua per la maggior
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777 parte non copri$$e la terra, non $i potrebbe con piu
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778 ragione dire che l'aria nella di$po$itione de gli ele
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parents:
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779 menti fo$$e collocata $opra dell'acqua, che $opra
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780 della terra.
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781 <p>Ri$ponde il Picolomini, che non per e$$ere o mag
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782 giore in quantita, l'uno elemento che l'altro, $i
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783 conuien loro quel $ito che ritengono nel ordine del
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784 vniuer$o, ma $olo per la maggior grauezzao leg
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785 gerezza che, per natura &egrave; data loro, di maniera
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786 che quando bene molto minore il fuoco fo$$e di
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787 quel ch'egli&egrave;, &egrave; l'aria &ograve; la terra molto maggiore,
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parents:
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788 nondimeno punto piu &ograve; meno $aria per natura la
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parents:
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789 forza e l'impeto in e&szlig;i, ingire la terra al piu ba$
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790 $o de tutti, e il fuoco piu in alto, ne punto meno
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791 l'aria $otto dil fuoco, e l'acqua $opra della terra.
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parents:
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792 che $i facciano nella quantita che h&atilde;no al pre$en-
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diff changeset
793 <pb n=33>
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794 te: nella qual ri$po$ta $e bene $i di$tenda molto,
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795 non ha pero po$$uto con$eguire il $uo intento, con-
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796 cio$ia co$a che gli elementi habbiano ottenuto due
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parents:
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797 $pecie di luoco, l'uno della grauezza &amp; leggie-
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parents:
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798 rezza loro, &amp; l'altro della capacita, accio non $i
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parents:
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799 ritene$$e il uacuo: onde che la raggione $udetta
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parents:
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800 conchiude efficacemente, ne $i puo $ciogliere con
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parents:
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801 que$ia ri$posta dil Picolomini.
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802 <p>Alla quarta ragione tolta dalla moltitudine
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803 dell'animali aquatici, nega la con$eguenza, poi
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804 che non $ia nece&szlig;ario $e bene il mare $ia piu fecon
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parents:
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805 do della terra, che re$ti maggiore de&szlig;a terra con-
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parents:
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806 cio$ia co$a che in una piccola pe$chiera grandi&szlig;i-
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parents:
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807 ma coppia di pe$ci $inutri$ca in che $e haue$$e fat
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parents:
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808 to etiamdio mentione della maggior grandezza
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809 oltre la moltitudine, hauerebbe dato maggior fe-
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parents:
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810 de alla $udetta ragione.
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parents:
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811 <p>Alla quinta ragione tolta dal nauigare, ri$pon
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parents:
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812 de al fine dilcapo nono, questo non auenire dalla
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parents:
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813 maggioranza dell'acqua, ma $olamenti dalla sfe-
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parents:
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814 ricita $ua, percioche l'acqua $ia sferica in che non
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815 mi pare che ri$ponda a pieno, poiche quanto piu
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parents:
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816 l'acqua $ar&agrave; maggiore, piu to$to &amp; facilmente $i
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parents:
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817 cau$er&agrave; $imil'effetto, $i come tuttauia prouiamo
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parents:
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818 nelle terre &amp; nelle Citt&agrave; che hanno monti o colli,
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parents:
diff changeset
819 <pb n=34>
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parents:
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820 oppo$ti alla veduta nostra.
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parents:
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821 <p>Pa$$ando finalmente al decimo capo. s'ingegna
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parents:
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822 di atterrare l'auttorit&agrave; d'Ari$totile, fondata nel-
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casties
parents:
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823 la decupla proportione de gli elementi, con dire
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parents:
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824 che non $i debba intendere della quantit&agrave; de gli
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parents:
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825 elementi, ma $olamenti delle qualit&agrave;. concio$ia
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parents:
diff changeset
826 co$a che la quantit&agrave; $econdo i precetti d'Ari$to-
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parents:
diff changeset
827 tile non $ia principio attiuo. la cui ri$po$ta quan-
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parents:
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828 to $ia fuori di propo$ito, lo ricono$cerebbe qual $i
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casties
parents:
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829 uoglia mediocre filo$ofo, poiche nel primo della me
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parents:
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830 teora al te$to <R>12.</R> &amp; <R>13.</R> l'indrizzi alla quanti-
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parents:
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831 ta. $e bene per darla meglio ad intendere, u$i del-
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casties
parents:
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832 la mutatione loro $cambieuole, che procede dalle
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parents:
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833 prime qualit&agrave; attiue &amp; pa&szlig;iue: con che $i com-
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parents:
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834 prende la materia prima che di prima era $oget-
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parents:
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835 to della terra, riceuere maggior esten$ione et qu&atilde;-
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casties
parents:
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836 tit&agrave;, quando nella corruttione di un pugno diter
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parents:
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837 ra uiene &agrave; riceuere la forma dell'acqua, percio-
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parents:
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838 che riceua rarit&agrave; maggiore, $i come riceue den$i-
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casties
parents:
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839 tamaggiore qu&atilde;do de l'acqua $i produce la terra:
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840 il che $e $ia uero, $i come i migliori interpreti di
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841 que$to luoco affermano, non mi po$$o imaginare
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842 chi habbia indotto il Picolomini, di attribuire
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843 que$ta decupla proportione alle qualit&agrave; de gli ele-
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844 menti, $e bene la quantit&agrave; $pogliata dalla mate-
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845 <pb n=35>
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846 ria &amp; dalla forma non $ia principio attiuo, la
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847 quale per&ograve; non ha in que$ta ragione luogo alcuno.
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848 Etu$ando Aristotile della geometrica proportio-
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849 ne $i pu&ograve; attribuire alla quantita ancora de gli
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850 elementi. $i come uiene $critto d'Ari$totile nel li-
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851 bro $econdo della generatione al testo <R>37.</R> &amp; piu
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852 oltre, doue in$egna e$$ere gli elementi $econdo la
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853 quantita fr&agrave; loro compar abili, $i come $ono $econ
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854 do la uirt&ugrave; &amp; qualit&agrave; loro. il che l'e$empio che
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855 $oggionge l'afferma. con dire che il $en$o giudichi
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856 non e$$ere uguale la mole de gli elementi, poiche
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857 l'acqua $ia della terra maggiore, $i come l'aria &egrave;
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858 maggiore dell'acqua, &amp; il fuoco de l'aria: il che
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859 $e $aranno in$ieme par agonati etiamdio $econdo
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860 le parti dimostra, $ogiungendo e$$ere po&szlig;ibile, che
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861 di uno pugno d'acqua $e ne producano $ei di
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862 aria, percioche la prima materia $ia la mi$ura
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863 della quantita maggiore &amp; minore, con laquale
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864 $i mi$urano l'acqua &amp; l'aria: con che pa$$ando
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865 piu auanti, gli par agona ancora $econdo le quali-
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866 t&agrave; loro. A che uorrei che haue$$e auertito il Pico
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867 lomininel $udetto capo.
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868 <p>Et perche nel capo undecimo ri$ponde alle auto-
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869 rita di Strabone &amp; d'altri delle quali n&otilde; intendia
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870 mo $eruir$i, $ar&agrave; bene che pa&szlig;iamo alle ri$po$te del
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871 <pb n=36>
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872 l'vltima ragione con le $opradette allegata. Alla
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873 ragione adonque nella quale $i diceua e$$er opi-
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874 nione famo$a della maggioranza dell'acqua, ri-
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875 $ponde anci e$$ere famo$a, che la terra $ia mag-
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876 giore dell'acqua, il che gli concederei<*> uolun-
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877 tieri, $e fo$$e piu antica &amp; da piu $aputi huo-
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878 miniriceuuta, il che non pu&ograve; e&szlig;ere, e$$endo <*>o-
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879 ua &amp; non ancora da tutti approuata, con che
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880 la fine dil pre$ente di$cor$o richiede, che con
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881 maggior breuit&agrave; &amp; diligenza che $ara po&szlig;ibile.
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882 $i ri$pond<*> alle ragioni adotte in fauore della
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883 $ua opinione, delle quali la prima era fondata
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884 nella maggiore profondit&agrave; della terra. laquale &agrave;
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885 mio giudicio non conchiude, $e $ia uero che del-
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886 l'acqua &amp; della terra $ia composto un globo con-
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887 centrico, $econdo il centro della grauezza &amp; del
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888 la gr&atilde;dezza, il quale altro non $ia come lui uuo-
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889 le, che il centro dell'uniuer$o, con che e$$endo l'ac-
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890 qua in ogni sfera me$colata con la terra, mi$ur an
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891 do questo globo concentrico. nece$$ario $ia che que
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892 $<*>a mi$ura $econdo la profondit&agrave; non $olamenti $ia
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893 della terra, ma etiamdio dell'acqua, Et $e pote$-
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894 $ero unir$i tutte in$icme l'acque &amp; congelando$i
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895 formar un globo $eparato; re$tarebbe $enza dub-
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896 bio maggiore <*> globo dell'acqua &amp; piu uguale &amp;
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897 <pb n=37>
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898 continuo di quello della terra, $econdo tutte le
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899 $ue parti: &agrave; che $iaggionge, e&szlig;ere questa mi$ura
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900 imaginaria, non e$$endo ancora mi$urata la pro-
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901 portione della terra $econdo la quantita che tiene
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902 col Cielo &amp; gli altri elementi. &amp; $epure $e le con-
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903 ceder&agrave;, re$tar&agrave; commune atutta l'uniner $it &agrave; del-
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904 l'acqua, laquale &egrave; parte de questo globo, $e $ia con
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905 centrica $econdo l'uno &amp; l'altro centro, $i come il
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906 Picolomini afferma: il che non &egrave; uero, $e $ia l'altra
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907 parte dique$to globo di $pecie diuer$a dalla terra,
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908 onde che hauendo la propria circon$crittione ha-
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909 ur a<*>oltre il centro commune della grauezza il
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910 proprio della $ua grandezza, $i come $i uede nel
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911 le partidil corpo no$tro, lequali oltre il centro com
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912 mune di tutto il corpo che Galeno $tma e$$ere l'um
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913 bilico, hanno eti&atilde;dio il proprio centro della quan
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914 tit&agrave; loro, poiche $ian&ograve; parti di$tinte $econdo la pro
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915 pria circon$critiione, da che uien tolta la di$i<*>tio
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916 ne de cia$cuna parte, non e&szlig;endo nel corpo no$tro
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917 altro la parte &ograve; $ia capo &ograve; mano, che q&ugrave;esla par-
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918 ticella che ha ottenuto certa &amp; di$tinta. circon-
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919 $crittione, come dottamente in$egna Galeno ne i
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920 $uoi libri del u$o &amp; ufficio delle partidil corpo h<*>
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921 mano: il che non cono$cendo il Picolomini $eguen-
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922 do imatbematici baconfi<*>$o il centro prop<*>o del-
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923 <pb n=38>
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924 la magnitudine delle parti di $pecie &amp; natura dif
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925 ferenti col centro commune di tutto il corpo com
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926 po$to d'e$$e parti. &amp; co$i auenne &agrave; coloro che nel
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927 trattare le co$e d'importanza attendano $olamen
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928 te alle regole generali.
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929 <p>La $econda ragione fondata nella qu&atilde;tita del
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930 li uapori non $i admette, poiche in molti altri mo-
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931 di l'acque $iano continuamente generate in que-
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932 $lomondo inferiore, come dall'eshalationi terre-
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933 ne, dal aere contenuto nelle ui$cere &amp; faccia della
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diff changeset
934 terra. come l'Agricola diligentemente narra nel
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diff changeset
935 $uo libro dell'acque. A che $i pu&ograve; aggiongere, che
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936 della continua corruttione de gli altri elementi di
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diff changeset
937 nuouo $ia nece&szlig;ario che $i producano l'acque, $i
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diff changeset
938 come della corruttione dell'acqua gli altri $i pro-
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diff changeset
939 ducano, e$$endo nell'uniuer$it&agrave; de gli elementi co-
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diff changeset
940 me dell'altre co$e corruttibili, la corrutione del
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diff changeset
941 vno, la generatione de l'altro, &amp; la generatione
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diff changeset
942 del unola corrutionede, l'altroaccio $i perpetui in
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diff changeset
943 infinito lageneratione di tutte que$te co$e mortali.
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diff changeset
944 <p>La terza ragione fondata nel flu$$o &amp; reflu$-
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945 $o dil mare non conchiude, poiche $olamenti com
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946 prenda l'acque dilmare, lequali concediamo e$$e-
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parents:
diff changeset
947 re minori della terra.
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diff changeset
948 <p>La quarta ragione pre$a dall'eminenza della
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diff changeset
949 <pb n=39>
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950 terra, non ba tutta quella forza che il Picolomi-
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951 ni $icrede, poiche incio il $en$o c'ing&atilde;niper laine-
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diff changeset
952 qualit&agrave; maggiore della $uperficie della terra, di
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953 cui&egrave; pi&ugrave; ugualmente sferica l'acqua. onde che la
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954 terra $e haue$$e sfericit&agrave; perfetta, non $arebbe
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955 in luogo alcuno piu eminente della terra, poiche
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956 $ia nece$$ario $econdo la qualit&agrave; motiua che re$ti
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957 contigua all'aria &amp; anco $econdo la freddezza
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958 $ua, accio po$$a contemperare il calore dell'aria
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959 &amp; dil fuoco, per la con$eruatione ditutte que$te
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960 co$e inferiori. A che $iaggionge ancora nella $om-
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961 mita delli monti ritrouar$iacque &amp; le neui con-
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962 tinue, lequali con gli uapori acquei circondano
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963 tuttala $uperficie della terra. talmente che non
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964 $ia uero, benche molte acque $i profondino nelle
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965 concauita della terra, che la terra $ia piu emi-
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966 nente dell'acqua; &agrave; che $egue che non $ia della
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967 terra minore.
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968 <p>La quinta ragione della continenza dil luogo,
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969 non &egrave; &agrave; propo$ito, $e $ia uero che altramenti re$ti-
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970 no ne l'ordine dell'uniuer$o collocati gli elementi,
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971 $i che lorbe della Luna contenga il fuoco, &amp; il fuo
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972 co l'aria, &amp; l'aria l'acqua, &amp; l'acqua la terra, co-
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973 me nel <R>4.</R> libro della Fi$ica alte$to <R>6.</R> $iuede. accio
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974 non $iamo astretti $otto la terra porre altro corpo
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diff changeset
975 <pb n=40>
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976 $opra ilqual ripo$i, &amp; di mano in m&agrave;no un'altro
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977 in infinito; il che doi tutti li $ilo$o$i &amp; mathema-
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978 tici &egrave; stimato impo&szlig;ibile <*>onde $e bene la terra
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979 $&egrave;condo le parti diui$e dell'acqua &amp; con lei me-
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980 $colat&agrave; $i dice e$$ere il luogo dell'acqua non $ar&agrave;
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981 gi&agrave; $econdo tutta l'vniuer $it &agrave; loro. po<*> ch'e$$endo
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982 zlcentro dell'uniuer$o indiui$ibile non po$$a e$$er<*>
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983 il continente della terra $e bene $ia il termine al
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984 quale $i moue &amp; nel quale $i ripo$a. come Ari$to-
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985 tile nel fine del libro <R>2.</R>del Cielo in$egna.
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986 <p>La $e$tar agione fondata nel dominio della ter
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987 ra ne i corpi mi$ti, tanto animati come inanima-
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988 ti, non porta $eco nece&szlig;it&agrave; alcuna, poiche que$to
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989 non $ia auenuto per e$$ere la terra maggiore, ma
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990 $i bene accio li corpi re$tando fermi &amp; $odi $i po-
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991 te$$ero con$eruare, concio$ia co$a che con la me-
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992 de$ima raggione $arebbe nece$$ario, che il fuoco
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993 e$$endo maggiore di tutti gli elementi, che pre-
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994 domina$$e nelli corpi naturali, il che pero non &egrave;
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995 uero.
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996 <p>La $ettima ragione fondata nella di$tanza &ograve;
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997 $ia profondit&agrave; $econdo il centro, non stringe mol-
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998 to, $e $ia uero che l'acqua per la maggior parte
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999 $ia contenuta nelle ui$cere della terra, $i che re-
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1000 $<*> formato un globo concentrico dell'acqua &amp;
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1001 <pb n=41>
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1002 della terra, $econdo il proprio &amp; mede$imo cen-
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1003 tro. percioche la profondit&agrave; $ar&agrave; uguale &amp; com
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1004 mu&ngrave;e all'acqua &amp; alla terra. pa$$ando$i ancora
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1005 per l'altezza dell'acque che $i profondano $ino al
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1006 centro della terra, ilquale &egrave; diui$ibile, a differen-
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1007 za dil centro dell'uniuer$o, ilquale &egrave; termine del-
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parents:
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1008 li corpi graui, non che luogo continente, poiche $e
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1009 condo la continenza non po$$a e$$ere uguale ad
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1010 alcuno corpo. non &egrave; adonque que$ta pro$ondit&agrave;
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1011 propria della terra, ma di que$to globo concen-
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1012 trico compo$to dell'acqua aere, fuoco, &amp; della ter-
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1013 ra: laqu&agrave;le uenendo diui$a in tre sfere, in qual
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1014 $i $ia di loro $i ritrouano molt'acque, $i come $i ri-
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1015 troua aria &amp; fuoco ancora. percioche $econdo la
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1016 $entenza di Plotino $enza mezo non $i poteua
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1017 dell'acqua &amp; della terra formar$i un globo.
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1018 <p>L'ottauar agione con che unole l'acqua e$$ere
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1019 concentrica con la terra $i anulla con la distin-
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1020 tione dil centro commune &amp; proprio della gran-
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1021 dezza, $e bene $i conceda e$$ere l'acqua concen-
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1022 trica $econdo il centro della grauezza, poiche
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1023 $ia impo&szlig;ibile, che natur almente un corpo $ia luo-
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1024 go de due corpi, non po$$endo$i un luogo $e non uio-
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1025 lentem&etilde;te attribuir$e a due corpi, $econdola $cuo-
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1026 <pb n=42>
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1027 la de peripatetici: non re$tando adonque l'acqua
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1028 nel $uo luoco naturalmente collocata, non $ar&agrave;
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1029 in modo alcuno concentrica con la terra $econ-
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1030 do il centro della grandezza, Et che non $ia
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1031 veramente concentrica $i pu&ograve; con l'auttorit&agrave;
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1032 di Euclide prouare, poiche $econdo il Picolo-
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1033 mini re$ta di circonferenza &egrave; cerchio minore
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1034 della terra, concio$ia co$a che per lo theorema
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1035 $esto del terzo libro di Euclide. il centro de
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1036 cerchi che fr&agrave; loro $i toccano, &egrave; nece&szlig;ario che
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1037 non $ia mede$imo. e$$endo adonque l'acqua sfe-
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1038 rica $e ben $ia minore della terra, $ar&agrave; il pro-
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1039 prio cerchio contenuto $econdo le ragioni dil Pico-
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1040 lomini dal maggior cerchio della terra, con che
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1041 non haura il mede$imo centro. il che Aristotile
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1042 nel fine del $econdo libro dilcielo uuole, poiche non
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1043 re$ti l'acqua nel $uo natio luogo $i che circondi
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1044 tutta la circonferenza della terra: onde che non
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1045 puo $econdo il centro della terra e$$er' concen-
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1046 trica con e$$a terra.
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1047 <p>Non conchiudendo adonque le ragioni dil Pi-
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1048 colomini, $ar&agrave; bene che abbracciamo la $enten-
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1049 zad<*> Ari$totile, laquale Plinio, Strabone, Tolo-
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1050 meo &amp; molti filo$ofi per tanti $ecoli hanno $tima-
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1051 <pb n=43>
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1052 ta uera, $e bene non cuopra tutta la faccia del-
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1053 la terra, ne $i comprenda e$$ere tanto profonda
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1054 come la terra: con che porr&ograve; fine al pre$ente di-
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1055 $cor$o, conba$ciare humilmente la real mano
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1056 di V.A.per la felicit&agrave; di cui pregar&ograve;
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1057 il Sig. Dio no$tro Signore
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1058 in perpetuo.
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1059 <C>IL FINE.</C>