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Removing DESpecs directory which deserted to git
author Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de>
date Wed, 29 Nov 2017 16:55:37 +0100
parents 22d6a63640c6
children
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1 <pb id="p.0001">
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2 <HEAD>TRE DISCORSI
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3 SOPRA IL MODO
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4 D'ALZAR ACQVE
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5 DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</HEAD>
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6 <fig>
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7 <p>Per adacquar terreni.
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8 <p>Per leuar l'acque $orgenti, &amp; piouute dalle c&atilde;-
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9 pagne, che non po$$ono naturalmente dare
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10 loro il decor$o.
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11 <p>Per mandare l'acqua da bere alle Citt&agrave;, che
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12 n'hannobi$ogno, &amp; per altri $imili v$i.
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13 <HEAD>Opera non piu $tampata.</HEAD>
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14 <fig>
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15 <HEAD>IN PARMA,
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16 Appre$$o Seth Viotti. 1567</HEAD>
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17 <pb>
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18 <HEAD>ALL' ILLVSTRISSI-
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19 MO, ET ECCELLENTISS.
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20 SIGNORE, ET PADRON MIO
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21 OSSER. IL SIG. A LESSANDRO
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22 FARNESE PRINCIPE DI PIA-
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23 CENZA, ET PARMA. &amp;c.</HEAD>
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24 <fig>
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25 <p>HO INTESO DA HVOMINI VE-
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26 riteuoli, Illu$tri$$imo &amp; Eccellen
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27 ti$$imo Principe, che V.E.e$$endo
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28 nella Corte di Spagna, madre de
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29 la vera creanza; dopo i piu graui
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30 &amp; honorati $uoi negocij, $i pren-
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31 deua molte volte grandi$$imo pia
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32 cere in intendere le ragioni di
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33 varij, &amp; begli effetti mathemati-
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34 ci: percioche non $olamente voleua $apere le po$itioni,
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35 che appert&etilde;gono alla cognitione della Sfera, &amp; dell'A$tro
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36 labio, per conto delle nauigationi de'Portughe$i, &amp; de'
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37 Ca$tigliani alle prouincie ritrouate, &amp; $oggiogate di nuo-
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38 uo; delle quali &egrave; qua$i bi$ogno ad ognuno de i principali
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39 Caualieri di quella corte $aperne bene, &amp; artificio$amen-
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40 te ragionare con quel potenti$$imo Re: ma anco cercaua
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41 di cono$cere gli aui$i, che $ono di grandi$$ima vtilit&agrave; per
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42 l'Architettura, &amp; $pecialmente per l'v$o de gli e$$erciti;
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43 &amp; per lo mantenimento, &amp; di$truggimento delle fortezze.
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44 Della qual co$a, per e$$ere ella veramente degna di Prin-
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45 cipe magnanimo, &amp; che gia $icuramente $ia incaminato
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46 per la $trada dell'honore, &amp; della vera gloria; ne $ent&igrave;
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47 quella contentezza, che $i $uol $entire delle buone nuoue
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48 <foot>a 2</foot>
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49 <pb>
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50 di quei Signori, che s'amano $inceramente. E'ben vero,
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51 ch'io non me ne marauigliai quanto pareua, che merita$-
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52 $e l'e$$ere co$a rara, che vn Principegiouane, &amp; per diuer-
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53 $e occa$ioni diuertito, &amp; tirato a'piaceri dell'appetito;
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54 vince$$e il commune abu$o dell'ignoranza, &amp; $i sforza$$e
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55 d'informare l'intelletto $uo di quelle ragioni, che molto
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56 meglio $i conuengono a gra<I>n</I> Signori, che tante altre vane
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57 occupationi; nelle quali ogni volgare potrebbe, &amp; $apreb-
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58 be goder$i a$$ai ageuolmente: imperoche giudicai, che
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59 cio e$$endo proprio, &amp; qua$i naturale de'$uoi maggiori,
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60 lui fa$$e $tato po$to nell'animo dalla $ucce$$ione del $an-
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61 gue, col mezo di quelle impre$$ioni, che da piccioli $i $o-
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62 gliono riceuere per la c&otilde;$uetudine, &amp; per gli honoratira-
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63 gionamenti, che tuttod&igrave; $i $entono. Che $i $a bene quanto
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64 la felice memoria del Santi$$imo PAOLO Terzo fu$$e ot-
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65 timamente i$trutta di tutte le piu nobili di$cipline: e$$en-
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66 do anco noti$$imo ad ognuno il gran giudicio, che hebbe
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67 gia l'Illu$tri$s. di SANT'ANGELO, &amp; che $oglia hora ha-
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68 uere il prudenti$$imo Cardinal FARNESE in tutte le qui-
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69 $tioni, che circa qualunque $oggetto lui po$$ono e$$ere
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70 propo$te. &amp; per la$ciare l'Auo, &amp; il Padre; l'ottime parti
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71 de'quali noi tutti per e$perienza habbiamo prouato, &amp;
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72 ogni giorno prouiamo; chi non ammira il $opra humano
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73 di$cor$o, che continuamente ha mo$trato, $i nel gouerno
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74 de gli Stati, come nelle attioni ciuili; &amp; in ogni $orte d'ar-
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75 tificio$e operationi l'Altezza della Sereni$$ima $ua Ma-
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76 dre Madama MARGHERITA d'Au$tria; la quale per
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77 que$to, oltre a qualunque altro $egnale, fa cono$cere, che
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78 ella &egrave; veramente figliuola dell'inuitti$$imo Imperadore
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79 CARLO $uo padre? Onde io non hebbi per marauiglio-
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80 $o, benche raro effetto, che da tali alberi, &amp; da tali radici
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81 in vn'aere temperato, &amp; in vn terreno fertile, come &egrave; la
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82 Corte di Spagna, na$chino hora fiori di $oaui$$imo odore;
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83 talche nell'auenire $i debbano a$pettare $aporiti$$imi, &amp;
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84 pretio$i$$imi frutti. Mi allegrai dunque a$$ai fra me $te$-
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85 $o, &amp; poi anco con que$ta mia cari$$ima patria; preueden-
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86 do di quanta vtilit&agrave;, &amp; di quanto ornamento que$ti hon<*>-
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87 <pb>
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88 $ti pen$ieri, &amp; tratenimenti di Vo$tra Eccellenza pote$-
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89 $ero lei e$lere principali$$ima cagione: percioche $e be-
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90 ne l'Illu$tri$$imo Signore il Duca $uo padre ha gia fat-
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91 to quanto $ia $tato po$$ibile col fauorire ogni maniera
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92 di virtuo$i, &amp; con l'ordinare diuer$i magi$trati, accio-
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93 che col mezo de'Filo$ofi, &amp; de'Mathematici $i po$$a
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94 ornare, &amp; in molti auenimenti co$i de'co$tumi, come
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95 d'altre parti, rendere ogni hora piu perfetta que$ta no-
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96 bili$$ima Citt&agrave;; vi re$tano tuttauia molte co$e, le quali
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97 $on $icuro, che a poco a poco venendo opportunamen-
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98 te in iuce con la forza d'ambedue VV.EE. in$ieme la
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99 faranno piu pre$to degna d'inuidia appre$$o delle mag-
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100 giori Citt&agrave; d'Italia, che ella $ia per hauere giu$ta ca-
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101 gione d'inuidiare veruna huona conditione a qual $i
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102 voglia de gli $tati de gli altri Principi. Il che tanto piu
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103 fermamente $i d&egrave; a$pettare, quanto per e$$ere homai
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104 dalla loro incomparabile prudenza ributtati tutti li col-
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105 pi dell'auer$a fortuna, che $i lungamente, &amp; non mai
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106 meriteuolmente ha trauagliata que$ta $ua Illu$tri$$i ma
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107 ca$a: &amp; e$$endoui le fondamenta $tabili$$ime del $an-
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108 gue reale del grandi$$imo Re FILIPPO, col quale
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109 doppiamente $ono congiunte, &amp; incorporate; &egrave; da te-
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110 nere per certi$$imo, che non piu gli animi loro $aran-
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111 no diuertiti in altri piu importanti, &amp; graui pen$ieri;
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112 &amp; attenderanno con piu libera mente (benche $econ-
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113 do che ha $upportato il tempo non habbiano manca-
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114 to $ino ad hora) alla buona cura, &amp; all'ottimo gouer-
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115 no de gli $tati loro. Per le quali cagioni, &amp; per mol-
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116 te altre per hora trala$ciate; io, che quale io mi $ia,
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117 molto tempo ha $ono diuoti$$imo $eruidore dell'Illu-
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118 $tri$$im&ograve; Signore il Duca $uo padre, $ono gia anco di-
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119 uenuto affettionati$$imo a V. Ecc. Et perche io de$i-
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120 dero con qualche $egno di $incera, &amp; non adulatoria
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121 riuerenza baciarle humilmente le mani, &amp; offerirmele
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122 per $eruidore in quanto s'e$tenderanno le deboli forze
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123 mie; le mando hora que$to $aggio di qualchuna di
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124 quelle opere, che po$$ono na$cere col mezo mio a be-
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125 <pb>
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126 neficio publico: &amp; le dono vn picciolo di quei frntti,
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127 del $apor de'quali ho gia detto, ch'ella gu$tandoli $uol
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128 $entire hone$li$$imo piacere. Que$ti $ono tre di$cor$i,
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129 fatti da me $opra vna machina, la quale e$$endo for-
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130 mata con belle ragioni mathematice, &amp; naturali; $pe-
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131 ro, che debba e$$ere d'ine$timabile vtilit&agrave; a qua$i tut-
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132 ti gli huomini, &amp; a tutte le prouincie: non $olo per-
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133 che &egrave; atta a portare il nutrimento dell humido, quan-
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134 do manca loro, all'herbe de'prati, alle biade, &amp; a tut-
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135 te le piante; ma anco perche potr&agrave; alzar l'acque a gli
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136 e$$erciti, &amp; alle terre murate per bere, &amp; per diuer$i
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137 altri v$i di grandi$$ima commodit&agrave;. E'vero, che que-
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138 $to dono non &egrave; intieramente fatto di mio; auenga che
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139 la maggior parte di lui ha hauuto origine dalla libera-
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140 lit&agrave;, &amp; dal fauore dell'Illu$tri$$imo $uo padre; il quale
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141 m'ha aiutato alla buona riu$cita di que$ta impre$a
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142 quanto po$$a magnanimo, &amp; intendente Signore bene
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143 animato, &amp; indu$trio$o $eruidore. Nulladimeno pre-
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144 go humilmente V. Ecc.che l'accetti da me, $e non per
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145 altro almeno perche &egrave; pure accompagnato dalla gran-
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146 de o$$eruanza, che ho $empre tenuto ver$o il co<*>te$i$-
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147 $imo $angue $uo. Et po$cia che la riuerenza, &amp; l'affet-
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148 tione mia $ono creature de'meriti di lei, io de$idero
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149 grandemente, ch'ella $i degni riporle nelluogo di quel-
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150 le co$e, delle quali ella pen$a di $eruir$i, come di par-
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151 te di $ua vera, &amp; legitima po$$e$$ione, o paterna here-
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152 dit&agrave;. Io nell'auenire non $ar&ograve; molto $ollecito in mo-
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153 $trarmi alla pre$enza di lei; perche $o, che fra l'altre
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154 $ue buone parti, ella non tiene piu conto di quel che
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155 $i conuiene, di que$te $uperficiali cerimonie. Sar&ograve; pe-
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156 ro $empre apparecchiato ouunque io mi ritroui, per
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157 $eruirla, &amp; vbidirla $e le piacer&agrave; di comandarmi, od
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158 io mi $entiro atto a fare co$a vtile, &amp; honoreuole per
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159 lei. In que$to mezo, per quanto mi $ar&agrave; conce$$o da
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160 miei ordinarij $tudij delle prattiche di medicina, $ot-
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161 to l'ombra $ua attender&ograve; a te$$ere alcune tele (s<*>io n&otilde;
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162 m'inganno) d'vtili$$ime $ila: fra le quali n'&egrave; gia leua-
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163 <pb>
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164 ta dall'or$aio, &amp; accommodata al $ubbio vna qua$i fi-
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165 gurata alla dama$china; in cui $ar&agrave; chiaramente di$e-
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166 gnato il modo, col quale $i potranno diuidere l'alluuio
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167 ni, &amp; l'i$ole de'fiumi molto piu facilmente, &amp; con piu
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168 giu$ta ragione, che non &egrave; mai $tato fatro $ino ad hora.
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169 Co$i baciandole humilmente le mani me le raccoman-
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170 do; ne potendo altro de$iderarle, $olamente le de$ide-
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171 ro buona fortuna.
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172 <p>Di Piacenza alli x d'Aprile. M D LXVII.
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173 <p>Di V.Illu$tri$s.Eccellenza
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174 humili$s. $eruidore
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175 <I>Giu$eppe Ceredi.</I>
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176 <pb>
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177 <p>Nel primo di$cor$o, $i mo$trano tutte le machine artifi-
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178 cio$e v$ate $ino a que$ti tempi pertirare l'acque in alto.
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179 Et $coprendo$i l'imperfettione d'ognuna di loro, $i pon-
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180 gono a paragone con la Chiocciola: della compo$itio-
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181 ne di cui $i $criuono i veri precetti, tolti da diuer$i au-
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182 tori, &amp; da molte ragioni mathematice, &amp; naturali.
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183 Oue occorre anco trattare della cagioni, della forza
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184 del monimento dell'acqua; &amp; $i fanno belle confidera-
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185 tioni circa il moto perpetuo; con altre co$e degne d'e$-
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186 $ere auertite.
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187 <p>Nel $econdo, $i ragiona de gli i$tromenti del moto della
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188 Chiocciola; &amp; $i pongono le proportioni de'motori a'
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189 pe$i, $econdo la velocit&agrave;, &amp; tardit&agrave; del moto: aggiun-
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190 gendoui$i molte co$e appertenenti alla $cienza de'pe$i,
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191 &amp; a qua$i tutti gli ordigni delle machine motrici.
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192 <p>Nel terzo, $i $omma, &amp; $i $ottragge l'vtile, &amp; il danno co$i
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193 delle $pe$e, &amp; del guadagno; come della $anit&agrave;, &amp;
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194 dell'infirmit&agrave; publica; &amp; d'altri dubbij, che po$$ono
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195 $eguire all'v$o della Chiocciola. Et in tutti $i diui$ano
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196 molti capi notabili, come nella tauola $i contiene.
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197 <HEAD>Con licenza de'Superiori.</HEAD>
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198 <pb>
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199 <HEAD>TAVOLA DEL PRIMO DISCORSO.</HEAD>
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200 Nece$$ita dell'humido, per la generatione, &amp; man-
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201 tenimento delle piante, &amp; de gli animali. faccia 1
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202 Animali maggiori di corpo nelle regioni humide. 1
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203 Opinione di Talete filo$ofo circa iprincipij de'corpi
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204 mi$ti. 1
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205 Regioni diuenute fertili per l'acque condotteui, &amp; ter-
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206 re dishabitate per la troppa $iccit&agrave;. 2
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207 Diligenza v$ata per hauere acque. 2
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208 Eufrate, &amp; Tigre da lontana regione tirati a Babilonia. 2
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209 Acquedotto grandi$$imo di Semiramis. 2
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210 Canali artificio$i di pelli di toro fatti dal Re Arabo per
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211 tirar l'acque de'fiumi a gli e$$erciti per la rena. 2
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212 Fo$$a de'Samij di marauiglio$a grandezza. 2
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213 O$tentatione de'Greci, &amp; $pecialmente de'Lacedemo-
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214 nij in cumular l'acque. 2
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215 Grandezza de'Romani nelle fabriche dell'acque. 2
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216 Vanit&agrave;, &amp; lu$$uria de'Romani nelle fabriche dell'acque. 2
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217 Machine diuer$e ritrouate per diuer$i v$i dell'acqua. 3
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218 Modo d'alzar acqua in gran copia na$co$to $ino a'no-
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219 $tritempi. 3
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220 Cagione del commun giudicio di non poter$i alzarle
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221 acque in gran quantit&agrave;. 3
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222 Citt&agrave; diuer$e d'Europa, che hanno care$tia d'acqua
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223 per bere. 4
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224 Tede$chi hanno grandi$$imo bi$ogno d'alzare gran
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225 quantit&agrave; d'acqua, &amp; non hanno ancora ritrouato
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226 i$tromento facile per que$to v$o. 4
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227 Machine per a$ciugar l'acque nelle fabriche de'ponti,
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228 &amp; de'moli de'porti. 4
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229 Magnanimit &agrave; di Ce$are in nettare il fondo al Teuere. 4
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230 Ragione della fabrica della Chiocciola male interpre-
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231 tata da Vitrunio. 5
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232 I$cu$atione de gli Alamani. 5
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233 Quali co$e $ieno concor$e nel Ceredi per la perfetta
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234 fabrica di que$ta machina. 6
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235 <foot>b</foot>
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236 <pb>
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237 Arti operatrici non $i po$$ono $aper bene, $enza e$$er-
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238 citarle, &amp; porle in prattica. 6
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239 Ari$totele diligenti$$imo $crittore delle cagioni de gli
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240 effetti mecanici. 6
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241 Natura &egrave; mathematica, &amp; mecanica nell'opere $ue. 6
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242 Buona $orte d'vn ritrouato di certi $critti greci di He-
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243 rone, di Pappo, &amp; Dioni$odoro. 6
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244 Liberalit&agrave; grandi$$ima dell'Illu$tri$simo Sig. Giouan
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245 Giacomo Triuulzi. 6
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246 Liberalit&agrave; incomparabile dell'Illu$tri$$imo Signore
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247 il Duca Ottauio Farne$e. 7
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248 Giudicio grande dell'i$te$$o in tutte le co$e, &amp; $pecial-
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249 mente ne gli artificij mathematici. 7
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250 Quali impedimenti po$$ono attrauer$ar$i nell'opera-
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251 tioni de gli e$tetti nuoui. 7
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252 Cagione perche i buoni effetti dell'opere mathema-
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253 tice $ieno rari. 8
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254 Prome$$a del Ceredi. 8
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255 Mercurio e$$endo l'Iddio dell'eloquenza contra ra-
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256 gione $ourapo$to a'mercatanti. 9
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257 Diui$ione della materia de'pre$enti di$cor$i. 9
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258 Artificio de'Pittori in na$condere le linee di cui $i
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259 $eruono in figurare. 9
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260 Mi$ura de'Geometri in dare il decor$o all'acque. 10
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261 Due modi di far caminar l'acqua in lungo $enza p&etilde;dio. 10
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262 Vitruuio nella dottrina del decor$o dell'acque male
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263 inte$o da tutti gli interpreti $uoi. 10
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264 Il Valla Piacentino ne'$uoi libri di Geometria hau&etilde; do
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265 tra$portato molte co$e da Pappo, figura diecinoue
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266 i$tromenti perfar andar l'acqua $&etilde;pre alla liuella. 11
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267 Auertimento vtile circa lo circolare dell'acque a mo-
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268 to perpetuo. 11
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269 Diui$ione delle cagioni delle machine hydraulice. 11
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270 Machina vige$ima, oltre a'diecinoue i$tromenti del
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271 Valla, fatta in San Giorgio maggiore di Venetia. 11
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272 Opinione di Plinio, &amp; d'altri Filo$ofi delle cagioni
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273 delle fonti. 12
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274 <pb>
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275 Giulio Ce$are Scaligero huomo arguto, ma poco pra-
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276 tico de gli artificij mathematici. 12
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277 Gieronimo Cardani Milane$e mathematico, &amp; medi-
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278 dico eccellenti$$imo. 12
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279 Ragione d'Archimede delle co$e, che $tanno a galla
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280 nell'acqua. 12
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281 Machina vige$ima prima d'vn Filo$ofo Milane$e vtile
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282 per i$chiffare la decaduta nel decor$o dell'acque. 13
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283 Machina vige$ima $econda di San Pietro in Ge$$a. 13
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284 Machina vige$ima terza fabricata dall'Illu$tri$s.Sig.
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285 Don Fetrante Gonzaga. 13
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286 Machina xxiiij fabricata nel porto d'Ancona. 13
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287 Machina xxv commune in Alamagna. 13
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288 Machina xxvj di Liegi in Fiandra de$critta da Michele. 13
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289 Machina xxvij $ul Reno de$critta da vn'Alamano. 14
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290 Machina xxviij &amp; xxix de$critte dall'Agricola. 14
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291 Giudicio dell'vtilit&agrave; di tutte le $ouradette machine. 14
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292 Machina xxx dichiarata da Mario Pellegrino. 15
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293 Machina xxxj dipinta appre$$o di Flauio Vegetio. 15
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294 I$tromenti per alzar l'acque dalle $entine delle naui. 15
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295 Machina xxxij de$critta da Vitruuio. 15
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296 Machina del Giardino di Parma. 15
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297 Machina xxxiij atti$$ima per cagionar fontane. 15
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298 Altro giudicio delle $ouradette machine. 16
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299 Machina xxxiiij po$ta $u l'Adige nel Verone$e. 16
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300 Machina xxxv imperfetta, &amp; contra la $cienza de'pe$i. 17
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301 Machina xxxvj &amp; xxxvij po$te a Lucia Fucina. 17
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302 Machina xxxviij vtili$$ima di Paladio archit. famo$o. 17
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303 Alfarabio Arabo $crittore delle ragioni mecanice. 18
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304 Machina xxxix corretta con la $cienza de'pe$i. 18
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305 Machina xxxx di M.Carlo da Vrbino n&otilde; ancor pub. 19
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306 Modelli diuer$i di molti$$ime machine nelle $tanze de
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307 Proueditori di commune in Venetia, 19
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308 Machina del Bo$$io Piacentino di qualche vtilit&agrave; in
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309 alcuni bi$ogni. 19
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310 Paragone di tutte le $ouradette machine c&otilde; la Chioc-
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311 ciola ben formata. 19
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312 <foot>b 2</foot>
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313 <pb>
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314 Cagione perche la Chiocciola non $i $ia fabricata be-
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315 ne $ino a que$titempi. 20
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316 Imperfettione delle regole di Vitruuio. 20
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317 Sper&atilde;za di M&otilde;$ig. Barbaro di produr il moto perpetuo. 20
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318 Proua dell'imperfettione delle regole di Vitruuio. 20
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319 Vera ragione perche l'acqua $aglia nella Chiocciola. 22
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320 Ragione d'alcuni ingegno$i c&otilde;tra la $per&atilde;za di M.Bar. 23
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321 Dife$a di Mon$ig. Barbaro. 25
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322 Ragione della $mi$urata grauezza della Chioc.di Vit. 25
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323 Fondamenti $opra li quali Mon$ig. Barbaro edific&ograve; la
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324 $peranza del moto perpetuo. 25
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325 Cagione dell'inganno del detto Mon$ig. da cui $i $co-
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326 pre l'impo$$ibilit&agrave; del moto perpetuo. 26
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327 Proportione del pe$o, &amp; forza dell'acqua c&otilde; la decad. 26
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328 Differenza fra la forza de'corpi $odi, &amp; de'corpi li-
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329 quidi $econdo Archimede. 27
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330 Ragione della forza dell'acqua nelle ruote da pale. 27
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331 Che $i potrebbono a$$ettare le ruote di gran lieua in
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332 picciola decaduta, 27
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333 Proportione della decaduta d&etilde;tro, &amp; fuora della chio. 28
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334 E$$empio methodico per cono$cere la forza dell'ac-
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335 qua nelle decadute. 30
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336 Errore c&otilde;mune, &amp; di grandanno c&otilde;tra le proportioni
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337 del moto, &amp; pe$o in dar decaduta a'molini terragni. 31
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338 Chiocciola c&otilde;po$ta c&otilde; grande indu$tria da gli Alama. 32
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339 Roma nell'vltimo diluuio del Teuere a$ciutta dalle
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340 chiocchiole Alamane. 33
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341 Imperfettione della chiocciola de gli Alamani. 33
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342 Chiocciola de gli Alamani tra$portata in Italia dallo
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343 Illu$tri$s.Sig.Ve$pa$iano Gonzaga. 33
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344 Edificio belli$$imo alla Giodecca di Venetia con le
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345 chiocciole Alem fatto da M. Ale$$andro Bologne$e. 33
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346 Speranza vana, &amp; c&otilde;tra la ragione di M.Ale$$andro. 33
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347 Somiglianza del pol$o humano al moto ordinato nell'
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348 ordigno di M.Ale$$andro. 34
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349 Regole vere, &amp; perfette di Pappo, &amp; di Dioni$odoro
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350 antori greci per fabricare la chiocciola. 34
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351 <pb>
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352 E$$ame perche Vitruuio fu$$e imperfetto ne'precetti. 34
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353 Lode d'alcuni Architetti, che $eguono piu pre$to la ra-
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354 gione, che l'autorit&agrave; de'Scrittori. 35
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355 Simmetria della chiocciola ragioneuolm&etilde;te formata. 36
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356 Effetti della chiocciola c&otilde;po$ta c&otilde; la vera $immetria. 37
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357 Maraniglio$o $paragno di fatica nel mouere i corpi
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358 graui, &amp; liquidi in alto con la chiocciola. 37
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359 Ragione perche la chioc. vinca delle $ei parti le cinq;
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360 ogn'altra machina v$ata $ino a que$ti tempi. 37
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361 Effetti grandi nati dal moto delle $pire delle quali &egrave;
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362 compo$ta la chiocciola. 38
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363 La natura, gli animali, &amp; le piante $i $eruono del mo-
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364 to $pirale per $alire in alto. 38
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365 Archimede, &amp; altri Filo$ofi ammae$trati dall'opere
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366 della natura, &amp; dall'i$tinto de gli animali. 39
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367 <HEAD>TAVOLA DEL SECONDO DISCORSO.</HEAD>
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368 Potenza del moto locale. 40
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369 Effetti prodotti dalla natura del moto locale. 40
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370 Forza motrice rende $uperiore vna $petie d'animali
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371 all'altra, &amp; vn'huomo all'altro. 40
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372 Forza de gli e$$erciti, &amp; dell'armate p&etilde;de dal moto lo. 41
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373 Principi giudicio$i hanno in gran pregio gli ingegnie-
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374 ri della forza de moti locali. 41
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375 Filo$ofi varij hanno trouato le ragioni di moltiplicare
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376 in infinito le forze humane permouer pe$i. 41
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377 Archimede Siracu$ano, &amp; opere $ue. 41
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378 Pe$o marauiglio$o della Guglia di Roma, &amp; della cu-
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379 pola della Rotonda di Rauenna. 42
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380 I$tromenti diuer$i gagliardi$$imi per mouer pe$i. 42
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381 Effetti $ourahumani prodotti da diuer$i Capitani col
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382 mezo di varij i$trementi mathematici. 42
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383 Trauagliata inuentione per alzar le naui $ommer$e
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384 dal fondo del mare. 42
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385 Cagione perche $i $ieno ingannati coloro, che pen$a-
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386 rono di poter mouere la chiocciola di Vitruuio. 43
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387 Quali machine $ieno a propo$ito per mouere la chioc. 44
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388 <foot>b 3</foot>
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389 <pb>
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390 Machine motrici quanto piu hanno il moto gagliar-
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391 do, tanto piu l'hanno tardo. 44
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392 Proportione dell'aumento della velocit&agrave; del moto al-
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393 la forza, con l'e$$empio particolare accommodato. 44
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394 Cagione vera dell'accre$cimento della forza nelle ma-
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395 chine motrici. 44
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396 <*>it&agrave; delle machine a moto orizontale, &amp; a moto
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397 ver$o il centro del mondo. 45
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398 Ragione della gran forza, &amp; della gran tardit&agrave; delle
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399 martinelle, &amp; delle vide perpetue. 46
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400 R<*>ota, che con vn giro $olo cagionaua 13000 giri. 46
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401 Machina rara d'vn'horiuolo donata da Ferdinando
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402 Re de'Romani a Solimano Re de'Turchi come, &amp;
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403 con qual magi$tero fu$$e fabricata. 46
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404 I$tromento d'ine$timabile forza, che fu gia nella roc-
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405 chetta del ca$tello di Milano, con che arte c&otilde;po$to. 47
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406 Errore, &amp; $ua cagione di chi pen$a cagionare gagliar-
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407 do, &amp; veloce moto con la forza de'contrape$i. 47
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408 Modello ingegno$s.d'vn Tede$co per fare vn molino
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409 tirato contra la $cienza, &amp; proportione de'pe$i. 48
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410 Cagione $peciali$$ima perche molti effetti rie$cono in
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411 modelli piccioli, &amp; non $eguono poi in opera reale. 48
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412 Prome$$e marauiglio$e, &amp; contra le ragioni naturali,
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413 &amp; mathematice d'Abel Fulone.
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414 Abel Fulone ingegno$i$$imo in ritrouati de'modelli. 48
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415 Il Re France$co grandi$$imo amatore de'virtuo$i. 48
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416 Principi per la maggior parte poco giudicio$i ne gli
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417 effetti delle $cienze. 48
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418 Statera del molino di San Nicol&ograve; del Lido proportio-
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419 nata alla forza del motore piu di qualunq; altra. 49
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420 E$$empio di quattro ruote deambulatorie. 49
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421 Prima ruota da acqua gagliardi$$ima. 49
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422 Seconda ruota, v$ata ne gli Arzan&agrave;, &amp; in altri luoghi. 49
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423 Terza ruota d'Alamagna m&etilde; gagliarda, &amp; imperfetta. 50
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424 Quarta ruota a torto lodata da molti architetti, per
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425 e$$ere la meno perfetta di tutte le deambulatorie. 50
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426 Di$cor$o dell'vtilit&agrave; di que$te ruote in mouor le chioc. 51
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427 <pb>
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428 Venti forme di ruote motrici figurate dall'Agricola. 51
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429 Machine di Schemnico, &amp; di Melibocco iu Alamagna. 51
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430 I$tromenti diuer$i del moto vi$ti in Venetia nella $ala
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431 de'modeili di mare. 52
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432 Lode d'vn Soriano marauiglio$o nel mouer pe$i. 52
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433 Na ligli ingegno$i da lui fabricati per leuar dal fon-
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434 do del mare le co$e $ommer$e. 52
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435 Egittij, &amp; Caldei autori delle mathematice. 52
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436 Greci hanno dato buon'ordine alle co$eritrouate da
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437 gli Egittij, &amp; da'Caldei. 52
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438 Modelli belli$$imi del Ru$celli, &amp; lode dell'i$te$$o. 52
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439 Prome$$a del Ceredi di aumentare la forza del moto-
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440 re $enza cagionare la tardit&agrave; nel pe$o, &amp; $enza e$-
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441 $ere contra alla $cienza de'pe$i. 53
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442 Lodi veri$$ime del molto R.P. Don Stefano Cataneo 53
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443 Aratro vtili$$imo ritrouato da que$to Abbate. 53
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444 Di$cor$o $opra le commodit&agrave; della Chiocciola. 53
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445 Figura della cigognola trouata per mouer la chioc. 54
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446 Cagione delle piegature delle cigognole. 54
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447 Errori di molti che pen$arono d'accre$cere la forza a
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448 vetti con le piegature, con le ragioni loro. 55
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449 Prome$$e vane tratte da punti delle linee $pirali. 55
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450 Cagione di detti errori, &amp; di$$olutione delle ragioni. 55
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451 Mercurio perche adorato per l'Iddio dell'eloquenza. 56
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452 Il Ceredi tocca alcune co$e delle piegature de'vetti
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453 perche alcuno non ne ha mai $critto in particolare. 57
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454 A quali s'appert&etilde;gono l'impre$e di <*>dur effetti nuoui. 57
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455 Primo ca$o nel quale conuengono le piegature. 58
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456 Secondo ca$o in cui $ia lecito la piegatura. 58
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457 Errore primo nella piega de'vetti. 58
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458 Errore de'vetti Ted.delle viti perpetue, &amp; de'tiratori. 59
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459 Errore de'vetti delle machine hidraulice da pi$telli. 60
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460 Inciampo di M.Ce$are Buonaca$a architetto famo$o. 60
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461 Leggierezza d'vno archit. Fr&atilde;ce$e in formare vn vette
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462 per aumentare la forza a'remi delle galee. 61
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463 Granchio pre$o del Fulone in correggere il detto vette. 61
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464 Errore d'vn letterato in far molini a gli Anconitani. 62
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465 <pb>
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466 Campagne de'Rauennati $ommer$e per li molini edi-
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467 $icati $ul $iume. 62
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468 Cagione dell'errore detto poco ha. 63
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469 Speranza, &amp; effetto vano di M.A. Buonaruoti &itilde;formar
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470 vn vette, &amp; vna lieua per mouere la chioc. di Vitru. 63
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471 Ragione, &amp; e$perienza della forza della detta lieua. 64
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472 O<*>o Magno $crittore delle hi$torie $ettentrionali. 65
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473 Cagione dell'inganno di Michel Angelo. 65
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474 Il Filandro $copre vn gro$$o fallo del Gaetta architet. 65
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475 Claudio Tolomeo eccitt&ograve; gli Academici Romani al-
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476 la correttione di Vitruuio. 66
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477 R&agrave;gione, &amp; vtilit&agrave; del vette formato per dare il moto
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478 alla chiocciola ben compo$ta. 66
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479 Figura di tre chiocciole con vn moto $olo. 69
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480 Figura di $ei chiocciole con duoi moti. 70
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481 Di$cor$o $opra la proportione dell organo, che mo-
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482 ue$$e le chiocciole con vn cauallo. 71
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483 Prome$$a del Ceredi di volere compire di $criuere del-
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484 le proportioni de'gradi co$i delle qualit&agrave; elem&etilde;tari
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485 come dell altre co$e apperten&etilde;ti all'arti operatrici. 73
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486 Figura del detto organo del cauallo. 75
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487 E$$ortatione ad i$chiffare gli i$tromenti da ruote da
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488 denti, &amp; da fu$a. 76
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489 Nicol&ograve; Tartaglia inuentore della ragione dell'equi-
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490 librio nella $tatera, della quale non ragion&ograve; Ari-
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491 $totele nelle qui$tioni delle $tatere. 76
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492 Ragione delle ruote, che ageuolano il moto col moui-
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493 mento dell'aere, &amp; con l'impul$ione. 76
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494 Imperfettione di tal ragione. 77
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495 Di$cordia $ra Platone, &amp; Ari$totele nella cagione del
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496 moto impul$iuo dell'aere. 77
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497 Modo di fare il moto impul$iuo piu facile. 77
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498 Figura della chiocciola aiutata dal moto della ruota. 78
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499 Alamani tengono il moto di tal ruota per la met&agrave;
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500 della forza del motore. 79
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501 Il Po $ul Pia centino haueua cor$o diuer$o da quello,
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502 che ha hora. 79
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503 <pb>
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504 Danni che $eguiuano dalla diui$ione dell'acque del Po. 79
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505 Galeazzo Duca di Milano liberali$$imo in fabricare. 80
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506 Vtilit&agrave; $eguite all'vnione dell'acque del Po. 80
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507 Luogo commodo, &amp; $icuro per $ituare le machine, le
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508 quali col cor$o del fiume moue$$ero le chiocciole. 81
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509 Ragione ditale commodit&agrave; &amp; $icurezza. 81
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510 <HEAD>TAVOLA DEL TERZO DISCORSO.</HEAD>
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511 <p>De$iderio commune de gli huomini ne gli effetti
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512 delle co$e. 83
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513 Socrate con$igliaua, che s'attende$$e all'operationi,
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514 la$ciando le $peculationi. 83
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515 Ri$po$ta arguti$lima d'vn Spartano rozzo ad vn Filo-
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516 $ofo Atenie$e. 83
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517 Che altro $ia il di$correre con ragione, altro il porre
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518 i di$cor$i in e$$ecutione. 84
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519 Opinione d'Ari$totele della prattica $enza la $cienza,
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520 &amp; della $cienza $enza la prattica. 84
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521 Per qual ragione l'acqua della chiocciola habbia mag-
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522 gior pendio, &amp; piu veloce cor$o dell'ordinario. 85
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523 Regole de Geometri nel dare il decor$o all'acque. 85
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524 Frecetto di Vitruuio delle decadute, non o$$eruato
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525 communemente. 85
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526 Nauiglio di Milano tirato con molto minore decadu-
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527 ta, che non in$egna Vitrunio. 85
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528 L'acqua pin veloce in cor$o rie$ce in molto maggiore
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529 quantit&agrave;, che la meno veloce nell'i$te$$o canale. 85
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530 Mi$ura dell'altezza delle ripe d'alcuni fiumi. 85
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531 Quanto terreno $i $oglia ad acquare con vn canale da
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532 prato di $e $$anta oncie Piacentine d'acqua. 85
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533 Quante volte in vn me$e $i $ogliono adacquare i prati. 86
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534 Per quanti me$i dell anno $i dia l'acqua a prati. 86
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535 Con quante chiocciole $i cauer&agrave; vn canale d'acqua. 86
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536 Quanto co$ter&atilde;no gli huomini che mouer&atilde;no le chioc. 86
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537 Il terrcno mediocre adacquato quanto fieno $oglia
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538 produrre in tutti e tre tagli dell'herba. 86
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539 <pb>
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540 Qual prezzo $oglia hauere il fieno. 87
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541 Somma delle $pe$e fatte per mouere le chiocciole, &amp;
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542 per tutta l'agricoltura de'prati. 87
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543 Che le chiocciole, oltra l'ordinario dell'altre machi-
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544 ne, $ono durabili. 87
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545 Che le chioc. portano poca $pe$a in e$$ere ra$$ettate. 87
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546 Somma del guadagno che re$ta da'prati $ottratte tut-
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547 te le $pe$e, &amp; l'entrata che $i cauaua prima. 88
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548 Diuer$i auertimenti che fanno che la chiocciola $i puo
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549 v$are in molti luoghi, &amp; in molti modi. 88
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550 L'acqua de'fiumi trapela per le vene $otterranee, &amp;
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551 puo tenere abondanti d'acque le fo$$e cauate alla
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552 liuella del fondo del fiume vicino. 89
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553 Modo Geometrico di tirare i canali dal fiume all'ar-
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554 gine $enza pericolo di di$a$tro alcuno. 89
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555 Leggi municipali $opra la fabrica de'canali. 90
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556 Somma della $pe$a in fabricare la machina. 90
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557 Agricoltori affermano che vna maggior quantit&agrave; di
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558 acqua bagna piu terreno che vna minore alla pro-
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559 portione. 90
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560 La chiocciola $ar&agrave; a propo$ito per leuare l'acque $or-
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561 genti, &amp; piouute dalle campagne, &amp; dalle valli, che
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562 per cio non $i po$$ono coltiuare. 90
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563 La chiocciola puo $eruire per mandare l'acqua da be-
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564 re, &amp; per altri v$i per Roma, per Ferrara, &amp; per al-
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565 tre Citt&agrave;, che n'hanno bi$ogno. 91
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parents:
diff changeset
566 Campagne di ri$o troppo $pe$$e non $i de permettere,
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567 che $i facciano in luoghi, che non $ono e$po$ti a ven-
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568 ti boreali. 92
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
569 Ale$$andria maggiore, Rauenna, &amp; Venetia pre$er-
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diff changeset
570 uate da venti $ettentrionali. 92
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parents:
diff changeset
571 Pigneta maggiore di Rauenna ha nociuto a$$ai alla
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572 $anit&agrave; dell aere di que$ta Citt&agrave;. 92
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parents:
diff changeset
573 Piacenza edificata in $ito molto $alubre. 92
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parents:
diff changeset
574 Citt&agrave; $ignoreggiate da'venti au$trali, abondano di
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
575 malatie pericolo$e. 92
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parents:
diff changeset
576 Vtilit&agrave; dell'adacquare i prati quanto alla bont&agrave; del-
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parents:
diff changeset
577 <pb>
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578 l'aere. 93
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parents:
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579 Pioggie amare tirate da'vapori de'terreni $ecchi, ni-
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580 mici$$ime alle piante, &amp; a gli animali. 93
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581 Giudicio d'He$iodo lodato per hauer trala$ciato i pre-
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582 cetti della $tercoratione. 93
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parents:
diff changeset
583 Danno del lezzo del ledame generato dall'abondanza
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584 de'prati. 94
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casties
parents:
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585 Rimedio propo$to dal Ceredi, &amp; approuato da tre
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parents:
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586 collegij de'Medici, per leuare il danno del $ucco
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587 putrido riceuuto ne'frutti per la $tercoratione. 94
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parents:
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588 Oppo$itione dell'Archinto fatta nel con$iglio dell'en-
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589 trate $traordinarie di Milano. 94
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590 Que &egrave; copia di prati non &egrave; abondanza di biade. 94
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591 Lodeggiano $ouente non hanno biade per tutto l'an-
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parents:
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592 no, per la copia dell'acque, &amp; de'prati. 94
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593 Ri$olutione del $ouradetto con$iglio, &amp; ragione d'e$$a. 95
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parents:
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594 Oppo$itione fatta in Ferrara contra l'v$o della chioc. 95
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595 Ri$po$ta a detta oppo$itione. 95
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596 In qual tempo dell'anno li fiumi habbiano meno ac-
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597 qua per ordinario. 95
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598 Cagione della copia dell'acqua ne'fiumi. 95
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599 Luogo oue hanno incominciato a lauorare le chioc-
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600 ciole, &amp; a produre gli effetti diui$ati. 96
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601 Ognuno, $e non con la ragione, almeno col $en$o, &amp;
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602 con la proua puo cono$cere la grande vtilit&agrave; del-
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603 la chiocciola. 96
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parents:
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604 Ri$po$ta di Talete Mile$io ad vno che lo bia$maua per-
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605 che atrendeua alli $tudi di filo$ofia che non rendono
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606 guadagno. 96
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607 Guadagno ine$timabile fatto da Talete col mezo del-
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608 la filo$o$ia. 96
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609 Ri$po$ta del Ceredia coloro che $cherni$cono l'opere
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610 mathematice. 97
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611 <HEAD>IL FINE.</HEAD>
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612 <pb>
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613 <HEAD>ERRORI OCCORSI NELLO STAMPARE.</HEAD>
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614 Facciate. Righe. Errori. Correttioni.
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615 1 21 Mele$io Mile$io
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616 2 5 Me$$agieri Me$$ageti
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617 7 acquido$o acquido$a
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618 5 9 da huomini da buoni
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619 8 3 di Galeno &amp; di Galeno
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620 17 $o$tentare $ottentrare
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621 35 antichi$$ima vtili$$ima
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622 9 10 viddero vollero
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623 10 5 $cemare $entire
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624 11 24 intentioni inuentioni
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625 13 26 hydranlice hydraulice; &amp; co$i s&etilde;pre
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626 15 18 machinaCte$ibio machina di Cte$ibio.
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627 16 2 capello ca$tello
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628 18 13 $piritali $pirali, &amp; co$i $empre
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629 16 36 di tre oncie di piu di tre oncie
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630 20 31 i$perienza i$peranza
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631 27 29 a$pettare a$lettare
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632 28 20 cono$ciuta cono$ciuto
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633 32 23 egli poteua egli $i poteua.
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634 35 38 $anno fanno
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635 36 24 &amp; leuandola eleuandola
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636 37 24 Le infermit&agrave; La infermit&agrave;
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637 38 25 Lenlab Leulab
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638 27 Epicidi Epicioli
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639 27 de circoli de circoli $pirali
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640 39 10 lupilo lupulo
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641 40 11 tra$mutationi tra$mutationi: fra le
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642 della luna quali
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643 41 7 gro$$ima gro$li$$ima
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644 47 18 capello ca$tello
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645 48 15 que$ta machina que$ta macina
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646 56 23 dheuerne d'hauerne
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647 58 7 come $a come fa
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648 61 4 $tauagante ftrauagante
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649 62 1 C. $ouerchi C. $ono $ouerchi
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650 72 15 la liena la lieua
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651 81 13 cherobare cherobate, &amp; co$i s&etilde;pre
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652 88 7 acqua, coloro acqua, a coloro
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653 34 hiouamento giouamento
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654 89 5 Ragnatella Raganella
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655 34 Agricoltura Architettura
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656 91 5 per l'import&atilde;za per l'impotenza
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657 92 2 da propor$i da prepor$i
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658 93 25 caldi$$imi bene caldi$$imi $ieno bene
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659 <p>Nell'vltima faccia della epi$tola nella prima riga debbe dir$i dell'or-
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660 $oio, &amp; accomandata.
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661 <pb>
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662 <HEAD>DE' TRE DISCORSI SOPRA
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663 IL MODO D'ALZAR ACQVE
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664 DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</HEAD>
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665 <fig>
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666 <HEAD><I>DISCORSO PRIMO.</I></HEAD>
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667 <p>D<I>I</I> QVANTO <I>bi$ogno, &amp; commodi-
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668 t&agrave; $ia $empre $tata l'hone$ta abondan-
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669 za delle buone acque, non $olamente
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670 la natura i$te$$a delle co$e chiaram&etilde;te
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671 lo mo$tra; ma ne fanno anchora cer-
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672 ti$$ima fede la gran cura, &amp; diligen-
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673 za, $i da moderni, come da gli anti-
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674 chi u$ata in fabricare uarie $orti d'ac-
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675 quedotti, &amp; ritrouare diuer$e machi-
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676 ne, col mezo delle quali pote$$ero godere del benificio di $i utile, et
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677 nece$$ario elemento. Imperoche quanto a gli effetti naturali, e$-
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678 $endo l'humido $peciali$$ima cagione, &amp; qua$i legame dell'unione
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679 di questi corpi inferiori; ne potendo alcun $oggetto animato rice-
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680 uere d'altronde il nutrimento del proprio calor uitale, da cui deri-
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681 uano tutte l'operationi della generatione, &amp; dell'accre$$imento,
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682 &amp; mantemmento loro; anzi uedendo$i manifestamente, che allho
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683 ra ne $egue incorrigibile di$trugimento, &amp; ultimo fine a tutte le $o
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684 $tanze composte, quando lor uien meno il licore, ch'accoppia, &amp;
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685 $tringe in$ieme le diuer$e parti de gli elementi; &amp; che porge il ci-
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686 bo di cui $i pa$ce il calor della uita; $ia<*> sforzati a confe$$are,
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687 che non $enza gran ragione quel grau<*> filo$ofo Talete Mele-
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688 $io fu indotto a pen$are, che l'acqua fu$$e primo principio, &amp; auto-
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689 re dello $tato di que$te compo$itioni elementari. Et perci&ograve; quell'i-
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690 $te$$i Filo$ofi, che ripre$ero Talete di que$t<*> $ua opinione; afferma
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691 rono poi, che dali'abondanza dell'humido $ono i pe$ci maggiori in
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692 mare di qualunque animal di terra; &amp; ne pae$i freddi, &amp; humi-
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693 di gli huomini, i $erpenti, &amp; l'altre co$e animate banno corpi di</I>
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694 <foot><I>A</I></foot>
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695 <p n=>2</p>
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696 <I>piu gran mi$ura, che gli altri dell'iste$$a $pecie in l'altre regioni.
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697 Ne fu marauiglia $e $cri$$e Ari$tobulo, che piu di mille terre fu-
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698 rono da proprij habitatori abbandonate, quando il fiume Indo
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699 mand&ograve; altroue lontano dal primiero canale, il cor$o dell'acque $ue:
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700 &amp; $ei Ma$$ageri commciarono con maggior numero a coltiuare,
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701 &amp; a leuare dal nome di luogo di$erto la regione loro, quando aper
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702 to m piu luogbi il fiume. Arago, la re$ero acquido$o, &amp; a$$ai me-
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703 no $terile, che per auanti $tata non era; $imilmente quanto a gli ar-
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704 ti$icij di molti $egnalati huomim di tutte le prouincie, &amp; di tutte
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705 l'et &agrave; u$ati per hauer copia d'acque, $ono $tate fatte opere di ma-
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706 rauiglio$a con$ideratione, $i per $ommini$trare il douuto humore
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707 alle piante, &amp; a tutti gli animali, &amp; per dar materia commoda a
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708 diuer$e arti mecanice di potere fabricare molte co$e a bi$ogni del-
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709 la uita humana; come per hauere arti$icio$e fontane, &amp; altri lauo
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710 ri, o di hone$to piacere, o di leggiera, &amp; uana o$tentatione. Per-
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711 cioche appre$$o de gli antichi Barbari, oltre che furono tirati con
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712 incredibile trauaglio, &amp; $pe$a l'Eufrate, &amp; il Tigre a Babilonia
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713 da a$$ai lontana regione; Semiramis anco introdu$$e nella citt&agrave;
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714 Echatana un grandi$$imo acquedotto, largo quindici piedi, per
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715 un'alto monte forato nello $pacio di <*>nticinque $tadi: &amp; il Re
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716 Arabo hauendo fatto canali di pelli di toro, che $i piegauano, lor
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717 conduceua in$ieme con l'e&szlig;ercito per tirar l'acque da' fiumi per
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718 quei luoghi aridi, &amp; de$erti; oue egli a$pettaua Cambi$e. Co$i ap
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719 pre$$o de' Greci non fu di puoca marauiglia tenuta quella fo$$a de'
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720 Samij, laquale e$$endo lunga $ettanta $tadi, era tirata per un mon
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721 te alto cento uenticinque cubiti. Et uenne gia in Grecia a tanta
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722 o$tentatione la magnificenza del mouere, &amp; cumular l'acque; che,
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723 come $cri$$e Xenofonte, a grandi huomini di Lacedemonia era da-
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724 to titolo di maggior grandezza, $e innanzi alla ca$a loro, uicino
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725 alle porte, haue$$ero hauuto un grandi$$imo, &amp; profondi$$imo $ta-
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726 gno. Gli Romani poi con la potenza, &amp; grandezza loro, uin$ero
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727 in maniera tutte l'altre nationi in cotali $pe$e, che non pure $i mo-
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728 $trarono grandi$$imi per lo gran numero de gli acquedotti, de qua-
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parents:
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729 li ci ragiona Giulio Frontino, &amp; molti altri $crittori; ma $i $cuo-
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730 prirono anco per molto ambitio$i, &amp; uani con le troppo delicate,
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731 &amp; $ontuo$e Therme, co i Laghi fatti ad u$o de'giuochi delle batta-
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732 glie nauali, con le Fontane di troppo di$ordinata $pe$a, &amp; con $imi-</I>
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parents:
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733 <p n=>3</p>
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734 <I>li co$e, che di poco minor piacere $enza trauaglio alcuno, $i $oglio-
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parents:
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735 no ne'luoghi $uoi ottenere da gli huomini moderati, con gli effetti
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parents:
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736 $oli della madre no$tra natura. Et fu $i forte il de$iderio di quei po
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parents:
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737 tenti$$imi Imperatori in que$t'opere dell'acque, che qua$i garreg-
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parents:
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738 giando a pruoua l'un dell'altro, $i sforzauano dopo le grandi$si-
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parents:
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739 me moli de gli acquedotti, che ancora $i $coprono qua$i in tutte le
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parents:
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740 prouincie; hora d'a$ciugar laghi, hora di mutare il cor$o a'fiumi,
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parents:
diff changeset
741 hora di cauare longhi$$ime fo$$e nauigabili, hora di tagliar l'I$th-
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parents:
diff changeset
742 mo, &amp; hora di fare altre grandi$$ime co$e od utili, o uane, $econ-
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parents:
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743 do che la lor natura, &amp; giudicio o buono, o reo loro inchinaua, et
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parents:
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744 per$uadeua: qua$i che non $i pote$$e la$ciare piu honorata, et chia
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parents:
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745 ra memoria della magnanimit&agrave;, &amp; potenza loro, che con $imili,
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746 o buone opere, o $ciocche o$tentationi.</I>
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747 <p><I>Nelle machine anchora, le quali non con il di$cor$o naturale,
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748 come le $opradette fabriche; ma con qualche uiolenza, &amp; arti$i-
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parents:
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749 eio mandano, &amp; alzano l'acque da luogo a luogo per li bi$ogni, o
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casties
parents:
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750 commodit&agrave;, o piaceri de gli huomini; &amp; $pecialmente per $oueni-
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casties
parents:
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751 re a gli e$$erciti; $ono $tati ui$ti in tutti li tempi ingegno$i$$imi ri-
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752 trouati: e$$endo che o per la ragione del non poter$i dar luogo $en-
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753 za corpo, &amp; corpo $enza luogo; o per la $cienza del muouer pe$i,
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754 o per altra indu$tria (come piu di $otto $i uedr&agrave;) d'ageuolare il
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diff changeset
755 moto a corpi liquidi, $i $iano introdotti diuer$i in$tromenti co$i da-
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diff changeset
756 gli antichi, come da i moderni; liquali oltra la uaghezza de gli
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757 artificio$i effetti, $ono anco riu$citi in non poca utilit&agrave; di tutti quel
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diff changeset
758 li, che hanno cono$ciuto, &amp; u$ato la bont&agrave;, &amp; perfettione loro.
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diff changeset
759 Ma benche molti $ottili, &amp; dotti huomini, Greci, Latini, &amp; Bar
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diff changeset
760 bari $i $ieno lungamente affaticati con la $corta delle ragioni ma-
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diff changeset
761 thematiche, &amp; natur ali; &amp; con uarie e$perienze; di porgere aiu-
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762 to a $i belle, &amp; utili impre$e; ni$$uno &egrave; per&ograve; mai $tato, che $i $ap-
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diff changeset
763 pia, $ino a'no$tri tempi, il quale habbia dato modo di leuare gran
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diff changeset
764 quantit&agrave; d'acqua, alta $econdo il bi$ogno, per adacquar terreni,
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diff changeset
765 a$ciugar ualii, far macinar molini, &amp; altre co$e $imili, oue $i ri-
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diff changeset
766 cerca copia d'acqua, in modo che la$pe$a del motore, &amp; del fabri-
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parents:
diff changeset
767 care, &amp; mantener le machine, non $ia caduta o maggiore, o qua$i
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parents:
diff changeset
768 pare all'utile, che puo $eguire da tali inuentioni. Et $e pure qual-
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parents:
diff changeset
769 ch'uno di quei buoni antichi Greci ha la$ciato regole, con le quali
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diff changeset
770 $apendole alcun'huomo indu$trio$o, $i pote$$e for$e incaminare alla</I>
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771 <foot><I>A</I> 2</foot>
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772 <p n=>4</p>
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773 <I>buona riu$cita di questi effetti; elle $ono per la malignit&agrave; de'tem-
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diff changeset
774 pi pa$$ati, &amp; per la poca diligenza de $crittori meno antichi (co-
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775 me io far&ograve; chiaro piu da ba$$o) di maniera re$tatenelle tenebre, che
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diff changeset
776 que$ti effetti $ono $tati qua$i $empre giudicati da molti in altro pru
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diff changeset
777 denti huomini, per impo$$ibili a por$i in reale e$$ecutione. Il qual
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778 giudicio molto maggiormente &egrave; $tato confermato, perche $i uede,
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779 che molte grandi, &amp; ricche citt&agrave; d'Europa, hanno fiumi di otti-
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diff changeset
780 me, &amp; abbondati acque, che lor pa$$ano a canto; come Roma il
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diff changeset
781 Teuere, Ferrara il P&ograve;, Toledo in I$pagna il Tago, &amp; molte ter-
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diff changeset
782 re lungo al Reno, &amp; al Danubio, &amp; altre in altre prouincie; &amp;
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783 tuttauia non hanno mai potuto tirar l'acque di quelli dentro alle
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diff changeset
784 proprie mura, o $opra alle ripe, per u$o nece$$ario, &amp; commodit&agrave;
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785 de $uoi cittadini: anzi con grandi$$ime $pe$e a poco a poco le fanno
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786 portare a gli huomini, &amp; a $omari nelle ci$terne delle ca$e de pri-
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787 uati. Senza che hauendo grandi$$imo bi$ogno gli Tede$chi, huo-
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788 mini (come ognun $a) di $oprema eccellenza in l'opere di queste
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diff changeset
789 ingegno$e machine, di alzar l'acque per u$o delle minere delle qua
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diff changeset
790 li $ono ricchi$$imi (perche hora &egrave; nece$$ario a$ciugar l'acque, che
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791 in grandi$$ima copia, &amp; con impedimento maggior d'ogn'altro,
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diff changeset
792 dalle uene $otterranee, $orgono nella caua delle mine; &amp; hora &egrave;
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793 molto commodo condurle dalle ualli, o dalle fonti piu ba$$e a luo-
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794 ghi piu erti, oue $i lauano iminerali) non &egrave; ancora mai $tato da lo
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795 ro po$to in opera machina alcuna, frale molte, che $i $on uedute,
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796 la quale con la quantit&agrave; dell'acqua, che leua, &amp; con utile mag-
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797 gior della$pe$a, fu$$e atta a $odisfare a i $opradetti bi$ogni d'adac-
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798 quar terreni, &amp; di co$e $imili. Con tutto ci&ograve;, que$ti ualenti, &amp;
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diff changeset
799 giudicio$i huomini $i dourebbero pur ricordare, che appre$$o di
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diff changeset
800 molti $crittori, tenuti per ueriteuoli; $ra i quali u'&egrave; anco Vitruuio;
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801 <*>i &egrave; re$tata chiara memoria, come gli antichi con machine rimo-
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diff changeset
802 ueuano l'acque de'fiumi, che con la $ua grandi$$ima quantit&agrave; uie-
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parents:
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803 tauano, che non $i pote$$ero gettare, &amp; stabilire le fondamenta a
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parents:
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804 grandi$$imi, &amp; forti$$imi ponti; &amp; come nel fabricare i moli alle
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parents:
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805 bocche de' porti, tirauano tutta l'acqua del mare, benche copio$i$
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parents:
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806 fima, che loro $i faceua incontra, per impedire il lauoro incomin-
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807 ciato. Ne douriano hauer$i la$ciato u$cir di mente, che Giulio
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808 Ce$are, con animo ueramente magnanimo, a$ciug&ograve; il Teuere per
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parents:
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809 nettargli il fondo, ilquale per e$$ere cre$ciuto da pezzami, &amp; altr<*></I>
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810 <p n=>5</p>
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parents:
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811 <I>brutezze, non $olo non haueua il decor$o libero; ma molte fiate
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parents:
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812 ancora non daua il pa$$aggio alle naui come auanti $oleua, &amp; co-
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parents:
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813 me $arebbe stato conueneuole. Dalla quale opera $i giudica, che
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parents:
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814 haue$$ero origine alcuni monti non piccioli di pezzami, &amp; d'al-
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parents:
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815 tre materie, che ancor $i ueggono non molto di$co$to dalle ripe di
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parents:
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816 tra$teuere. Et tuttauia $i $a, che in que$ta impre$a non fu fatto al
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817 tro ua$o, o canale per dare con altra nuoua $trada il pa$$aggio al-
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parents:
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818 l'acque, m&etilde;tre che qua$i all'a$ciutto $i lauoraua nel letto primiero:
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parents:
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819 percioche &egrave; tenuto per fermo da huomini architetti (&amp; uno d'e$-
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diff changeset
820 $i &egrave; l'Alberti) i quali hanno molto bene ricono$ciuto il pae$e, che
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parents:
diff changeset
821 cio non fu$$e e$$equito con altro, che con l'aiuto di diuer$e machi-
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parents:
diff changeset
822 ne, lequali alzauano il fiume ne'fo&szlig;i ordinari de' campi, &amp; a po-
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parents:
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823 co a poco lo faceuano sboccare al mare, o nell'i$te$$o canale piu a
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parents:
diff changeset
824 ba$$o, oue ancora non $i nettaua.</I>
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parents:
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825 <p><I>Ora fra queste machine, $on $icuri&szlig;imo, che chi legger&agrave; atten
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parents:
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826 tamente que$ti no$tri di$cor$i, $i la$cier&agrave; facilmente per$uadere, che
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parents:
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827 la prima, &amp; la piu utile fu$$e que$ta, di cui principalmente $iamo
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parents:
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828 per ragionare. Le uere regole della fabrica di cui in$ieme con l'anti
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parents:
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829 chi$simo $uo authore, interpretate, &amp; tradotte molto imperfetta-
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parents:
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830 mente da Vitruuio i$te$$o, &amp; da tutti gli altri, che dopo lui $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
831 $tati, per la malignit&agrave; de' tempi $ono dimorate in maniera occulte,
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parents:
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832 che non mai perfettamente (s'io non m'inganno) ella s'&egrave; potuto fa
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parents:
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833 bricare $in'a que$ti tempi: ne quali mi &egrave; $tato aui$o di hauere in mo
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parents:
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834 do trouato la uerit&agrave;, &amp; la piu $oda ragione del belli&szlig;imo artificio
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835 di lei, che homai non ui $ar&agrave; piu co$a da notar$i, che ui $i debba ag
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parents:
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836 giungere, o permutare. Il che a quanto beneficio di qua$i tutte le
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837 prouincie $ia per riu$cire, coloro i$te&szlig;ine $aranno te$timonij, che
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838 dopo qualch'anno ne $entiranno utilit&agrave;, non mai prima ne credu-
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839 ta ne for$e imaginata. Non dico io gia per questo, che i belli in-
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840 gegni di quelle potenti citt&agrave;, &amp; delli Alamanni detti puoco ha, $i
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841 debbano notare di tra$curagine; po$cia che $in qui non &egrave; stato lor
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842 conce$$o di poter battere nello $copo di questo gioueuoli&szlig;imo ma-
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843 gi$tero: percioche non m'&egrave; na$costo, che anch'e&szlig;i $ono gionti (co-
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844 me io dir&ograve; piu diffu$amente $criuendo delle ragioni della fabrica)
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845 a tant'alto, &amp; giusto $egno, quanto $i pote$$e da chiera sforzato
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846 a $aettare al buio, in ber$aglio mobile, &amp; in luogo $opramodo tor
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847 to, anzi a mille mani inchinato. Solamente po$$o con qualche ra-</I>
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848 <foot><I>A</I> 3</foot>
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849 <p n=>6</p>
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850 <I>gione affermare, che qua$i per accidente, &amp; oltra ogni mio prin-
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851 cipal pen$iero, $ono concor$e in me tutte quelle parti, che $ogliono
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852 e$$ere atte a partorire $imili effetti; &amp; di rado $i $ono ritrouate in-
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853 $ieme unite in qualunque di coloro, che pure $ono $tati auth ori di
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854 molti&szlig;ime, &amp; belli&szlig;ime inuentioni. Imperoche e$$endomi io do-
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855 po imiei piu graui $tudij, ne' quali (come $anno i nostri Piacenti-
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856 ni) mi $oglio &amp; con la mente, &amp; con l'opere e$$ercitare; tra$lul-
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857 lato molte uolte ne' campi delle certi&szlig;ime demo$trationi mathema
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858 tice, hora $implici hora mi$licate d'altre $orti di $cienze; &amp; fra
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859 l'altre nelle regole delle proportioni, &amp; della $cienza del mouer
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860 pe$i; mi $ouenne (il che bene &egrave; ricordato da Ari$totele, &amp; da Ga
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861 leno) che ni$$una $cienza, od arte, il cui ultimo fine $ia posto nel-
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862 l'operatione, $i pu&ograve; perfettamente po$$edere; $e chi ha appre$lo i
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863 precetti di lei, non conferma lor poi con uarie e$perienze molte uol
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864 te, &amp; $icur amente riu$cite. Onde deliberai di uolermi anco pi-
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865 gliare alquanto di piacere nel porre in reale effetto circa qualche
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866 $oggetto utile, quelle norme, che contra il $uo uero fine, commune
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867 mente $ono inte$e $olamente in a$tratto da gli huomini $cientiati.
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868 Et tanto maggiormente fui $o$pinto a ci&ograve;, quanto io gia haueuo ue
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869 duto chiaramente, che il grande Ari$totele, oltra che ci haueua
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870 la$ciato quella diuina opera delle cagioni de gli effetti mecanici,
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871 era anco con le proprie mani $tato primiero introduttore di alcuno
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872 materiale, &amp; artificio$o in$tromento. Et per qual cagione $i do-
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873 ueua egli $degnare a prender$i hone$to diporto col porre in e$$ecit-
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874 tione tante belle ragioni mathematice, &amp; naturali; $e la natura
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875 i$te$$a, qua$i diuenuta mecanica, nella fabrica del mondo, &amp; di
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876 tutte le forme delle co$e, pare che a bello $ludio $i $ia ingegnata di
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877 produrre ogn'hora piu artificio$i organi; dall'e$$empio de quali inui
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878 tati noi huomini con l'aiuto del di$cor$o, &amp; delle mani, po&szlig;iamo
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879 $occorrere al mancamento di quelle parti nelle quali nece$$aria-
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880 mente $iamo creati qua$i piu imperfetti di qualunque altro anima-
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881 le? S'aggiun$e a que$to un ca$o di non picctola importanza. Auen
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882 ga che qua$i a $orte mifur uenduti da chilor non cono$ceua, certi
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883 $critti di Herone, di Pappo, &amp; di Dioni$idoro tolti dalla libraria,
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884 che fa gia del dotti&szlig;imo Giorgio Valla no$tro Piacentino, il quale
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885 per gli meriti $uoi inalzato dalla liberalit&agrave; dell'Illu$tri&szlig;imo Si-
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886 gnor Giouan Giacomo Triulzi, che allhora gouernaua lo $tato di</I>
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887 <p n=>7</p>
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888 <I>Milano, hebbe facult&agrave; di poter raccogliere tutti i piu degni au-
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889 tori Greci che dalla grecia, in quei tempi oppre$$a dalla $ua mag-
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890 gior rouina erano per diuer$i mezi tra$portati nella nostra Italia:
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891 Ne' quali $critti non mai $tampati, o tradotti, che $i $appia; con-
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892 fe$$o di hauere ritrouato molte co$e di quelle, ch'io $ono per di-
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893 re piu di $otto, &amp; che dopo molte po$itioni d'Euclide, d'Archime
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894 de, d'Appollonio Pergeo, &amp; di molti altri piu nuoui, che gia co-
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895 no$ciute da chi ha uoluto, &egrave; nece$$ario, che s'habbiano alla mano
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896 in que$te operationi; m'hanno fatto non poco lume nel camino,
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897 ch'io pen$o hauer finito dello $tabilimento di questa macchina. Ma
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898 piu d'ogn'altra co$a mi $erm&ograve; in questo mio proponimento, &amp; fu
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899 cagione, ch'io qua$i o$tinatam&etilde;te $ia peruenuto alla $ine di que$t'o-
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900 pera; il fauore, &amp; la liberalit&agrave; incomparabile dell'Illu$tri$$imo,
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901 &amp; Eccellenti$$imo Duca, et Signor no$tro il Signor O</I>TTAVIO <I>Far
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902 ne$e alla cui Eccellenza hauendo io molto familiarmente, per $ua
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903 gran corte$ia, manife$tato il mio di$egno; non $olamente, per e$$e-
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904 re ella molto auezza alle ragioni mathematice, &amp; $pecialmente
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905 all'appertenenti all'u$o della guerra, ne re$t&ograve; capaci$$ima, &amp; lo lo-
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906 d&ograve; a$$ai; ma ordin&ograve; anco a $uoi The$orieri, liquali allhora $i dole-
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907 uano, che le bor$e erano qua$i uote dalle molte $pe$e fatte per l'Illu-
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908 $tri$$ima Signora la Principe$$a no$tra, che mi fu$$e sbor$ata una
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909 buona $omma di $cudi; con l'amto de quali $enza molto di$commo
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910 do delle mie $ostanze, &amp; $enza ritirarmi ponto dalla mia princi-
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911 pale profe$$ioni, ho potuto fabricare qua$i infiniti modelli piccioli,
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912 &amp; grandi; aggiugnendo, mutando, &amp; leuando molte co$e, $econ-
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913 do che o la conditione della materia, od il concor$o di molte cagio-
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914 ni lontane, et uicine; o la uariet&agrave; de' mezzi, od il grado delle pro-
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915 portioni, o la forza de motori, o molti altri impedimenti, che po$-
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916 $ono attrauer$ar$i, lo ricercauano. Che $i s&agrave; bene da quei $cientiati,
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917 che pure una uolta $i $ono dati all'operatione, che $i numero$o, &amp;
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918 grande &egrave; il mucchio di quelle o$$eruationi, le quali tutte aun trat-
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919 to bi$ogna hauere nella fanta$ia per far na$cere qualche nuouo, &amp;
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920 importante e$$etto, che qua$i $empre &egrave; impo$$ibile a$$ettarle bene
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921 in$ieme, et indrizzarle $icuramente all'opera ordinata; $e non do-
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922 po molti errori in uarij tempi dall'e$perienza ricono$ciuti, &amp; di
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923 modo corretti co la ragione, che alla perfine $i uenga alle uera per-
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924 fettion dell'arte, &amp; alla ferma produttione dell'effetto, che s'a$pet</I>
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925 <foot><I>A</I> 4</foot>
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926 <p n=>8</p>
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927 <I>taua. Della qual materia, perche e$$endo ella molto nece$$aria, in
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928 altri mei $critti ne ragioner&ograve; in lungo $econdo la $entenza d'Ari-
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929 $totele, di Galeno; non dir&ograve; altro per hora, $e non che per certi
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930 mei particolari aui$i, &amp; per la gran corte$ia, &amp; magnanimit&agrave;
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931 dell'Illu$tri$$imo mio Signore, &amp; padrone, non &egrave; auenuto a me ci&ograve;
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932 che $uol qua$i $empre auenire a coloro, che $i pongono in tali ope-
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933 rationi. Imperoche gli huomini ingegno$i che non $ono $cientiati,
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934 non fanno mai co$a buona $e non a ca$o: &amp; non $apendo intraccia-
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935 re la cagione de gli errori, che $eguono ne $uoi lauori, $pauentati fi-
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936 nalmente dalla difficult&agrave; de' ca$i $ucce$$i, la$ciano l'impre$e abban-
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937 donate; allegando poi mille fauole, &amp; menzogne per i$cu$ar$i.
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938 Gli $cientiati, per la maggior parte $i contentano di $apere in uni-
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939 uer$ale, &amp; di pa$cer$i l'intelletto $apendo $olamente parlar con ra-
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940 gione $enza e$perienza alcuna; Et $e pure a qualchuno di loro uien
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941 uoglia di render perfetto l'habito della mente, con la pruoua de gli
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942 effetti; s'&egrave; prudente, $i frena a$$ai, con$iderando a quante $pe$e con
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943 longhi$$ima pacienza lui $ia bi$ogno $o$tentare, et a quali calonnie
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944 del uolgo ignorante, $e per qualche di$a$tro non $i face$$e bene, gli
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945 $ia nece$$ario a $ottopor$i. Ma $e pure non o$tante ogni sbarra,
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946 egli pa$$a all'operatione, di rado &egrave; che $tracco dalle $pe$e, che tan-
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947 to piu paiono graui quanto piu $ono pre$enti; &amp; fatto impatiente
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948 da gli errori, che $eguono per non poter$i bene hauer l'occhio,
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949 a tutte le co$e, che $i debbono accoppiare in$ieme; ultimamente non
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950 $i ritiri, &amp; non $i contenti d'hauer cono$ciuto di quanto honore ap
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951 pre$$o de' buoni $ieno degni coloro, che riducono a fine qual $i uo-
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952 glia dell'arti, &amp; ritrouati utili, o commodi alla congregatione de
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953 gli huomini. Onde e$$endo io a$$ai $icuro dalle male lingue del uul-
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954 go per lo fauore del Principe, ilquale pagato$i delle mie ragioni,
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955 era per difendere ogni mio fatto, ancorche $ini$tramente riu$cito;
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956 anzi non comportando la liberalit&agrave; $ua, ch'io mi $gomenta$$i per
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957 qualunque $pe$a fatta in uano nello $tabilimento di molte e$perien-
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958 ze; ni$$uno (come io $timo) haur&agrave; per co$a marauiglio$a $e da me
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959 in cui erano anco l'altre $opradette circo$tanze, piu pre$to, che da
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960 cia$cheduno altro, $ia $tato con mio maggior piacere, che traua-
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961 glio qua$i ritrouata l'antichi$$ima Chiocciola de gli antichi.</I>
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962 <p><I>Di questa dunque inuitato dal buon e$$empio della liberalit&agrave;
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963 del mio Signore, ho deliberato di uoler dare libero, &amp; chiaro ra-</I>
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964 <p n=>9</p>
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965 <I>guaglio ad ogn'uno, che con qualche attentione legger&agrave; i pre$enti
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966 di$cor$i: facendo aperte in maniera tutte le uere norme del com-
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967 porla, &amp; ra$$ettarla, che $enza ueruna difficult&agrave; $i potr&agrave; man-
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968 dare, da chi che $ia, in utili$$ima e$$ecutione. Ne uoglio che i le-
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969 gami dell'auaritia po$$ino $i fattam&etilde;te nel petto mio, che i priuileg
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970 gij di qua$i tutti i Principi d'Italia concedutimi per cotale indu-
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971 stria, mi $ieno piu gioueuoli di ci&ograve; che mi $ar&agrave; utile la ragioneuole
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972 corte$ia, &amp; di$cretione di quelli, che con $ua grandi$$ima utili-
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973 t&agrave; $aranno per goder$ene: auenga che non mi piacque mai in tut-
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974 to la fittione de gli antichi, li quali uiddero, che Mercurio, con
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975 tutto che fu$$e l'Iddio dell'ingegno, &amp; dell'eloquenza, haue$$e an
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976 co officio d'e$$ere $opraposto alle mercatantie. Sia mercatante chi
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977 uole de'frutti delle $cienze, &amp; de parti della diuina $o$tanza del-
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978 l'intelletto; che a me ba$ter&agrave; l'e$$ere in que$to diuenuto mecanico
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979 alla $embianza d'Hipocrate, Platone, Aristotele, &amp; Galeno;
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980 et co$i d'hauer fatto qualche beneficio a gli hnomini d'auenire; $en
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981 za ch'io $ia tenuto mercatante col uendere, o tener na$co$te le co-
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982 $e appartenenti all'util commune, per cauarne maggior $omma di
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983 danari. Ma accioche io po$$a mo$trare piu chiaramente a cia$che-
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984 duno la perfettione di questa Chiocciola, partir&ograve; questo mio ra-
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985 gionamento in tre di$cor$i: nel primo de quali diui$er&ograve; tutte le ma-
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986 chine utili u$ate per alzar acque sin'a que$ti tempi, ponendole con
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987 la Chiocciola a paragone, &amp; dar&ograve; le regole uere difabricarla, &amp;
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parents:
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988 riporla conragione nelluogo $uo. Nel $econdo tratter&ograve; delli or-
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989 gani del moto di lei, oue uerr&agrave; occa$ione di qualche bello, &amp; faci-
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990 le auertimento circa la $cienza del muouer pe$i. Nel terzo uerr&ograve;
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991 a $ommare, &amp; $ottraggere l'utile, &amp; il danno co$i della $anit&agrave;, co
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992 me dell'agricoltura, che a gli Economici da l'u$o di questo in$tro-
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993 mento &egrave; per douer riu$cire. E ben uero, che quali i buoni pittori
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994 nell'opere $ue gia finite, na$condono i ponti geometrici, &amp; le linee
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995 di pro$pettiua, dalle quali $icuramente, &amp; con arte $ono guidati
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996 allo $coprimento della bellezza, che hanno uoluto figurare; ne ac-
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997 con$entono, che quelle co$e, che tuttauia lor $ono $corta, &amp; $o$te-
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998 gno, rendano l'opere gia stabilite men belle, &amp; chiare a gli occhi
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999 de' riguardanti; la$ciando poi l'aggio a'periti di poterle compa$$a-
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1000 re, &amp; mi$urare ad ogni arbitrio $uo; tale io la cui principale in-
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1001 tentione &egrave; di uoler piu pre$to co'fatti giouare altrui, che con le pa-</I>
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1002 <p n=>10</p>
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1003 <I>role in$egnare, non m'allargher&ograve; molto in mo$trarele $ottili ragio
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1004 ni mathematice delle quali mi $ono $eruito: ma $olamente dicendo
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1005 di$tintamente quanto potr&agrave; e$$ere inte$o da ogni mediocre ingegno,
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1006 porr&ograve; innanzi a gli occhi quei colori, &amp; quelle ragioni, che ba$te-
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1007 ranno a far piu pre$to $cemare, che pienamente intendere il uero
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1008 magistero di que$to in$tromento.</I>
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1009 <p><I>L'acqua e$$endo corpo graue, non $i mouer&agrave; mai naturalmente
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1010 daluogo a luogo; $e il $egno, oue incomincia a mouer$i, non &egrave;
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1011 piu alto di quello, uer$o cui s'haur&agrave; a mouere. Et perci&ograve; afferma-
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1012 no li Geometri, che $i per la figura sferica della terra, la quale per
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1013 ogni mille pa$$i s'alza circa diece dita; $i anco per lo pendio, che
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1014 bi$ogna, che habbiano i corpi graui; e$$er fatti certi dall'e$perien-
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1015 za, che ad ogni otto $tadi $i ricerca almeno un piede di decaduta.
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1016 Con tutto ci&ograve; con uarij ingegni $i pu&ograve; fare, che l'acqua $i moua a
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1017 luogo, od uguale a liuella, o piu alto di quello, onde incominci&ograve; a
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1018 mouer$i. A luogo a ponto ugale $i fa caminare in doi modi: oue-
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1019 ro abba$$andola prima, &amp; poi alzandola, come $i fa ne ponti cana
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1020 li, che i Lombardi chiamano Gatti; ouero alzandola prima, &amp;
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1021 poi abba$$andola, come s'u$a in quei $ioni, ch'adoprano i cu$todi
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1022 delle porte della no$tra citt&agrave; per tirare il uino fuor delle botti al t&eacute;-
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1023 po delle uendemie. Il primo modo na$ce dall'equilibrio del pe$o del
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1024 l'acqua, che $cende; al pe$o di quella, che poggia: &amp; &egrave; $tato in$e-
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1025 gnato da Vitruuio meglio, che da ogn altro, nell'ultimo capo del
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1026 $uo ottauo libro. Egli $erue per cacciare i canali pieni d'acqua $ot
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1027 to alle fo$$e, $otto ad altri canali, $otto a $tagni, per le ualli, &amp; per
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1028 altri luoghi ba$$i piu di quelli, oue $i uogliono condurre; &amp; &egrave; mol-
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1029 to bene po$to in prattica $ul Padouano. Oue ho ui$to molte uolte
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1030 quattro, o cinque di questi acquedotti incrociati, hor con angoli
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1031 retti hor con acuti; l'uno $otto all'altro, per non perdere il pendio,
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1032 Euero che Vitruuio al mio giudicio, non &egrave; $tato bene inte$o dal Fi-
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1033 landro, ne da gli altri piu celebrati $uoi interpreti; liquali tutti
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1034 con una uoce dicono, che nella dottrina di Vitruuio $empre conuie-
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1035 ne auertire, che il luogo, al qual $i uuole condur l'acqua, $ia piu
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1036 ba$$a, che il luogo dal qual $i conduce; &amp; tuttauia da Vitruuio
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1037 i$te$$o $i cono$ce, per chi ben lo con$idera, che con questa ragione
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1038 facendo continuati canalialti, &amp; ba$$i, $i farebbe andar l'acqua
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1039 $empre alla liuella in in$iaito; come ancora mo$tra manife$tamen-</I>
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1040 <p n=>11</p>
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1041 <I>te l'u$o commune. Il $econdo modo il quale $egue il meto dell'aere
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1042 &egrave; molto ben dichiarato dal Valla no$tro Piacentino nel $e$to libro
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1043 della $ua Geometria: hauendo egli in ci&ograve; tra$portato molte co$e da
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1044 Pappo, &amp; $igurando da que$ta i$te$$a ragione diecenoue belli$$imi,
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1045 &amp; tutti diuer$i in$tromenti per mouer l'acque; con arti$icio uera-
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1046 mente molto diletteuole, ma che non rende altro guadagno, $e non
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1047 che facendo $paragno della naturale decaduta, alza $olamente al-
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1048 la liuelia; di maniera, che non $arebbero utili $e non per $chifar di
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1049 forare quelli impedimenti, che $ono trapo$ti $ra termine, eterni-
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1050 ne. Dunque di tali ordigni, perche non fanno al propo$ito no$tro,
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1051 il quale &egrave; di uolere alzare gran quantit&agrave; d'acqua di gran lunga piu
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1052 alta, che alla liuella, &amp; che non &egrave; il ponto, da cui $i moue; non di-
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1053 r&ograve; piu di quello, che ho gia detto; quando io haur&ograve; aui$ato li $tu-
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1054 dio$i, che $e mai inuaghiti della bellezza di $i ingegno$i effetti (&amp;
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1055 $e ne ueggono molti in Murano ne' ua$i di uetro; &amp; molti $ra Te-
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1056 de$chi ne ua$i di rame, o di $tagno) &amp; della dolcezza della cogni
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1057 tione di qualche cagione loro, $i eccita$$ero a uoler fare qualche no
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1058 ua opera; non $i la$cia$$ero in conto alcuno per$uadere, che con que
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1059 $tri mezi $i pote$$ero circolar l'acque a moto perpetuo, et far $onta
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1060 ne, &amp; altre co$e qua$i-eterne: come molti poco prudenti, &amp; male
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1061 intendenti delle mere, &amp; molte ragioni di questi accidenti, con $ilo
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1062 graui$$imo danno, &amp; uergogna hanno gia uoluto fare. Percioche
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1063 io loro a$$icuro, che non $i potendo mai nelle $opradette diecenoue
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1064 intentioni &amp; in altre $imili, andare col moto piu ad alto che alla li
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1065 uella; ogni $pe$a, &amp; ogni fatica riu$cir&agrave; lor uana, &amp; $lranamente
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1066 uergogno$a.</I>
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1067 <p><I>Quelle machine poi che leuano le co$e liquide piu alto, che alla
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1068 liuella; o lo fanno perche non $i pu&ograve; dar corpo $enza luogo, o luo-
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1069 go $enza corpo; o per l'uno, &amp; l'altro in$ieme, o principalmente
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1070 con la $cienza del mouer pe$i, o per altra indu$tria come dir&ograve; piu
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1071 di$otto.</I>
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1072 <p><I>Primieramente dalla ragione, che non $i dia corpo $enza luo-
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1073 go; deriu&ograve; la machina gia fatta in $an Giorgio maggiore in Vene-
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1074 tia, per dar l'acqua alla fonte del belli$$imo chio$tro di mezzo.
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1075 Imperoche e$$endo raccolta l'acqua in una gran ci$terna, laquale
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1076 haueua la bocca molto alta in gui$a di canna di pozzo; erano
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1077 certi canaletti di piombo, che dal fondo della ci$terna conduceuano</I>
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1078 <p n=>12</p>
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1079 <I>l'acqua in un'altra ci$terna piu alta, da cui poi con moto naturale
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1080 ella $cendeua alla fontana. Nella canna, o bocca della ci$terna di
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1081 $otto, era, un forte coperchio di legname, ilquale a $e$ta occupaua
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1082 giu$tamente tutto lo $patio della canna piena d'acqua; &amp; e$$endo
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1083 $pinto uer$o il fondo a poco a poco da un graue c&otilde;trape$o $in'alla fi-
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1084 ne della c&atilde;na; sforzaua qua$i tutta l'acqua della ci$terna ba$$a, a
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1085 $alir nell'altra; d'onde $cendeua poi, &amp; cagionaua la fonte. Fu
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1086 fatta $econdo la ragione di Plinio, ilquale accenn&ograve; nel $uo $econdo
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1087 libro, che le fonti $orgono in cima de monti per lo gran pe$o della
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1088 terra, laquale premendo gagliardamente l'acque, che di continuo
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1089 $i raccogliono nelle cauerne $otterranee, le caccia per diuer$e uie
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1090 all'erta; $inche trouano $trada aperta per potere u$cire. Ma ue-
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1091 ramente io mo$tre rei qu&atilde;to que$ta opinione di Plinio, &amp; d'alcuni
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1092 altri naturali, $ia lontana dal uero, $e ci&ograve; fu$$e mio proponimento
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1093 in questi pochi $critti, &amp; $e tal materia non fu$$e gia impre$a dal-
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1094 l'Eccellenti$$imo Me$$er Gieronimo Cardani primo lettore di me-
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1095 dicina nello $tudio di Bologna, per diffender$i da certe calunnie, &amp;
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1096 da certi tiri di Giulio Ce$are Scaligero; il quale a mio giudicio $cri
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1097 ue piu pre$to di que$te co$e con $tile arguto, et artificio $o, che c&oacute; buo
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1098 na, et ragioneuole e$perienza, ch'egli n'habbia mai uisto, o po$to
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1099 in e$$ecutione. Come che $ia, questa macchina, oltra che n&oacute; pu&ograve; ca
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1100 uare gran quantit&agrave; d'acqua, ha anco fra l'altre, due importanti$-
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1101 $ime imperfettioni. Vna &egrave;, che non in un mede$imo modo $o$tiene il
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1102 pe$o l'acqua piu profonda, &amp; la meno profonda: Ilche chiaram&etilde;te
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1103 &egrave; dimo$trato da Archimede nel libro delle co$e, che $tanno a galla
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1104 nell'acqua; &amp; confermato dalle naui de fiumi, lequali entrate in
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1105 mare con l'iste$$o pe$o, non s'abba$$ano tanto $otto l'acqua piu
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1106 profonda del mare, quanto faceuano nella piu ba$$a de'fiumi: &amp;
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1107 perci&ograve; ne $egue, che $e il contrape$o far&agrave; giusto effetto quando $a-
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1108 r&agrave; qua$i uicino al fondo della canna, il mede$imo non lo potr&agrave; fare
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1109 quando $ar&agrave; nella cima della piu alta bocca; $e non ui $i trouer&agrave;
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1110 $empre qualch'uno pre$ente, il quale lo renda piu graue, &amp; meno
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1111 graue, $econdo che piu o meno s'auicina al fondo. L'altra &egrave; che
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1112 non e$$endo po$$ibile di giustamente moderare la grauezza del con
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1113 trape$o, auiene $ouente, che le canne di piombo, o d'altro metallo,
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1114 che menano l'acqua ad alto, non po$$ono riceuere tutta l'acqua, che
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1115 lor manda la compre$$ione del pe$o; $i che $dru$ci$cono, &amp; la$cianla</I>
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1116 <p n=>13</p>
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1117 <I>ir$ene oue piu natur almente &egrave; inchinata; &amp; for$e per tali impedi-
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1118 menti non s'&egrave; mai ui$to, che l'effetto di que$to tuttauia ingegno$o
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1119 ritrouato, $ia $tato durabile per piu di doi o tre me$i.</I>
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1120 <p><I>Qua$i $imile a que$ta, quanto alla ragione $u quella di quel $ilo-
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1121 $ofo Milane$e; il quale con prodiga, &amp; ine$timabile $pe$a, opr&ograve; che
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1122 l'acqua con l'i$te$$o $uo pe$o pa$$aua in altri canali pia ba$$i, &amp; poi
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1123 s'alzaua: ma quanto all'effetto $u diuer$a; perche egli non puote
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1124 mai farla auanzare l'altezza della liuella: &amp; co$i benche re$ta$$e
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1125 ingannato del moto perpetuo, ch'egli cercaua; guadagn&ograve; tuttauia
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1126 il pendio naturale dell'acqua, con piu i$pedita $lrada, che non &egrave;
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1127 quella de ponti canali.</I>
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1128 <p><I>Con l'i$te$$a cagione lauora la tromba po$ta in $an Pietro in
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1129 Ge$$a; leuando con non poca $atica, poca quantit&agrave; d'acqua, &amp; po-
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1130 co alta. Pure $atisfa a$$ai bene al bi$ogno di quel luogo.</I>
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1131 <p><I>Diuer$a da que$ta fu $olam&eacute;te nella $tatera, che la moueua, quel
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1132 la che gia fece fabricare l'Illu$tri$$imo Signor Don Ferrante alla
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1133 Gonzaga.</I>
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1134 <p><I>Ne con altro fondamento leuaua l'acqua colui, che fabric&ograve; il
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1135 belli&szlig;imo molino nel porto d'Ancona; $e bene la qualit&agrave; del moto,
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1136 la quale era $enza $tatera alcuna, che fu$$e principalmente appe$a
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1137 al palo, che uolendo cagionare il uoto alzaua l'acqua, era a$$ai di$
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1138 $imile, &amp; molto fatico$a.</I>
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1139 <p><I>Mafratutte l'altre di que$ta $orte, belli&szlig;ima, et utili$$ima &egrave; quel
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1140 la, la quale &egrave; in generale u$o di qua$i tutte le nobili citt&agrave; d'Ala-
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1141 magna; &amp; &egrave; de$critta dall'Agricola nel $uo $e$to libro de metalli,
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1142 &amp; dipinta alla $ettima figura delle machine hydranlice. Che ue-
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1143 ramente $e que$t'in$tromento caccia&szlig;e gran quantit&agrave; d'acqua; co-
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1144 m'&egrave; ingegno$o, poco fatico$o, &amp; come la manda alti&szlig;ima, $are&szlig;i
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1145 mo liberi da ogm cura di cercare altra uia chefu$$e atta a $eruirci
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1146 meglio. Veggala chi uole appre$$o dell'Agricola.</I>
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1147 <p><I>Raddoppiata, &amp; triplicata di trombe con la mede$ima ragione
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1148 &egrave; quella che in Liegi citt&agrave; di Fiandra, fa utili&szlig;imo effetto nel tirar
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1149 l'acqua del profondo, &amp; qua$i $otterraneo fiume, che le pa$$a per
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1150 mezzo. Et $e non fu$$e tale in$tromento, male la farebbono molti
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1151 di quei cittadini: per e$$ere qua$i tutte l'acque di quei terreni bi-
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1152 tumino$e, &amp; la terra i$te$$a c&oacute;po$ta in maniera, che qua$i abbrug
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1153 gia al $uoco come carboni, Michele da Liegi la dipin$e in uer$i</I>
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1154 <p n=>14</p>
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1155 <I>beroici Latini, tanto leggiadramente, &amp; con $i belle figure di poc-
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1156 $ia; che mi fa qualche fiata tra$ecolare, pen$ando come $iapo&szlig;i-
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1157 bile, che un'huonio di natione barbaro, habbia $piegate co$e $i du-
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1158 re, &amp; o$cure in $ua natura, con tanta facilit&agrave;, &amp; eleganza. Con
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1159 tutto ci&ograve; que$ta machina ba$ta bene per hauer acqua da bere; ma
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1160 per adacquare terreni $arebbe di ni$$uno ualore: tanto piu che alla
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1161 puoca quantit&agrave; d'acqua, che trahe, ricerca uno gagliardi$$imo
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1162 motore.</I>
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1163 <p><I>Sul Reno ue ne fu un'altra, a ponto come que$ta: ma era mo$-
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1164 $a dal $unne; &amp; percio pareua in molte parti diuer$a. E dichiara-
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1165 ta da uno eccellenti$$imo autore in una $ua epi$tola $tampata in Lo-
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1166 <*>ania in$ieme con diuer$e altre epi$tole di molti ualenti huomini
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1167 <*>ede$chi.</I>
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1168 <p><I>Quelle due poi che hanno doi moti l'un $opra l'altro; &amp; $ono di-
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1169 pinte, &amp; de$critte da Giorgio Agricola nella decima, &amp; duode-
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1170 cima figura delle machine hydranlice; uengono anco formate con
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1171 l'i$te$$a ragione: &amp; ueramente $ono d'utilit&agrave; incomparabile a ri-
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1172 $petto dell'altezza, &amp; della quantit&agrave; dell'acqua tirata dall'altre:
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1173 $e non fu$$e che ricercano un fiume di ueloci$$imo cor$o, che lor dia
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1174 il moto; talche alcuna uolta &egrave; bi$ogno $eruir$i d'un'altra machina
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1175 per cacciar l'acqua ado$$o a queste, accioche $i po$$ino mouere. Si
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1176 ueggono in molti luoghi delle minere di Sa$$ogna, &amp; di Bauiera.</I>
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1177 <p><I>Ora tutte le $opradette machine $arebbero inutili per adacquar
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1178 <*>erreni, per la poca quantit&agrave; dell'acqua, che leuano: &amp; oltra di
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1179 questo la maggior parte di loro &egrave; di $pe$a intollerabile, co$i a fa-
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1180 bricarle, come a mantenerle: talche l'entrata dell'agricoltura non
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1181 le $arebbe a$$ai. Senza che ricercano $i prattichi mae$tri in ra$$et
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1182 tarle, che come gia mi di$$e l'Eccellenza dell'Illu$tri$$imo Signor
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1183 Duca no$tro, quando faceua fabricare la machina per la belli$$i-
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1184 ma $ontana del giardino $uo di Parma, que$te non $ono opere, co-
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1185 m'egli uide per proua d'altri, che da Fiaminghi prattichi$$imi, &amp;
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1186 patienti$$imi in $imili magi$teri.</I>
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1187 <p><I>Per lo contrario, dalla ragione, che non $i po$$a dar luogo $en-
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1188 za corpo, hanno hauuto origine le machine, che con le palle, &amp;
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1189 con quadri attaccati alle catene, pa$$ano $enza tramezzo d'aere,
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1190 giu$tamente per li cannoni; &amp; mentre che e$$i $ono tirati, &amp; uol-</I>
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1191 <p n=>15</p>
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diff changeset
1192 <I>tati a torno dalle ruote col mezzo delle statere, mo$$e o da huomi-
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1193 ni, o da caualli; o dal cor$o di qualche $iume; traggono l'acqua al
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1194 buco alto per onde ella rie$ce poi. Sono in u$o a$$ai per leuar l'ac-
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1195 qua dalle fondamenta delle fabriche po$te in luoghi aquido$i; &amp;
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1196 erano anticamente di gran commodit&agrave; a gli e$$erciti. Sono anco
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1197 de$critte da Mario Pellegrino, &amp; dipinte in cinque uarie figure
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1198 dal moderno Plinio nella materia minerale.</I>
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1199 <p><I>Ma piu era adoprato da gli e$$erciti il Sione dritto, compo-
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1200 $lo con la mede$ima norma: di cui ne pongono la figura il Valturio
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1201 nel decimo libro, &amp; Flauio Vegetio nel $uo libro delle machine
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1202 militari; E bello, &amp; facile in$tromento, &amp; quando non leua l'ac-
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1203 qua piu d'un braccio, o circa: ne $orbe grandi$$ima quantit &agrave;.</I>
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1204 <p><I>Sott'a que$te $i riferi$cono tutte le canne con cui $i uota la $enti-
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1205 na alle naui, &amp; alle galee: che $e bene uariano alquanto in-
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1206 fra di loro, $ono tuttauia compo$te da i mede$imi principij $opra-
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1207 detti.</I>
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diff changeset
1208 <p><I>In$ieme $i compone l'una, &amp; l'altra ragione $opraposta, nella
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1209 machina Cte$ibio; in$egnata, &amp; figurata da Vitruuio: laquale
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1210 boggid&igrave; &egrave; $i celebrata per ogni luogo, che pochi $ono gli huomini
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1211 nobili, che non ne $appiano ragionare. In Milano, in Venetia, in
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1212 Genoua, &amp; in Napoli, ne $ono $tato fatte molti$$ime: &amp; in uero
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1213 ni$$una caccia l'acqua piu alta di que$ta; ma uuole gagliardo moto-
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1214 re, &amp; di rado &egrave; che pa$$i un'anno a non $i guastare, &amp; $pecialmen-
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1215 te nelle linguette, &amp; nelle cuciture delle canne. Pure, $e le canne
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1216 $ono di bronzo, &amp; in luogo delle linguette ui $i pongano pallotole
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1217 di metallo, che giu$tamente chiudano il fondo delle canne de pe$tel
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1218 li, durano molto piu. Co$i $i crede che far&agrave; quella del giardino di
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1219 Parma, po$cia ch'&egrave; fatta con gran cura di Sua Eccellenza che n'&egrave;
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1220 intendenti$$ima.</I>
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1221 <p><I>I mantici ancora quando leuano l'acqua alta quanto $i uuole, $i
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1222 $eruono dell'una, &amp; dell'altra ragione in$ieme: auenga che alzan
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1223 do$i, &amp; non $i potendo riempir d'aere, $i rie<*>piono d'acqua: &amp;
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1224 abba$$ando$i, chiu$a ch'&egrave; la uia ond'entra l'acqua dalla linguetta,
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parents:
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1225 &egrave; sforzata a riu$cire per la canna dritta orizontale di$o pra. Si ue
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1226 de la figura di questa machina fatta co'mantici, nel decimo libro
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1227 di Roberto Valturio, oue tratta delle machine militari: $enza
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1228 sh'&egrave; po$ta in effetto in Milano in tre, o quattro luoghi: Et c&tilde; que$ta</I>
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1229 <p n=>16</p>
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1230 <I>circolaua l'acqua colui, che portaua per Italia l'anno pa$$ato il mo
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1231 dello di quel capello, in cui $i cagionauano piu di ottanta diuer$i mo
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1232 ti, col moto di doi, o tre in$tromenti; benche egli non la$cia$$e ue-
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1233 dere $e non una ruota dentata, &amp; un'altra difu$a. Imperoche co-
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1234 m'io ben m'auidi; dalle bolle, che mandaua fuora per la cima del-
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parents:
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1235 la colonna, ch'era in mezzo della fontana, un manticetto mo$$o
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1236 in$ieme con l'altre co$e dal moto della maggior ruota, cacciaua di
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1237 nuouo l'acqua gia caduta a ba$$o al ua$etto, ch'era in cima della
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1238 detta colonna. Et questo a mio giudicio era il piu bello artificio,
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1239 che fu$$e in quell'opra riguardata con tanto piacere, &amp; maraui-
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1240 glia dalla gente uolgare. Nel resto, ne per l'architettura, ne per
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1241 la $cienza del mouer pe$i, era riu$cibile, &amp; buona a por$i in reale
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1242 effetto.</I>
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1243 <p><I>Sin qui, qua$i tutte le $opradette machine $ono uiolente, &amp; fan
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1244 no forza alla natura; non tanto per lo pe$o dell'acqua, che poggia
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1245 in alto, quanto per le troppo temute minaccie, che ogn'hora $i le
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1246 fanno del luogo $enza corpo, &amp; del corpo $enza luogo: &amp; perci&ograve;
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1247 non &egrave; marauiglia $e non $ono durabili, &amp; $e ricercano potenti$$imi
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1248 motori a ri$petto dell'altezza, &amp; della quantit&agrave; dell'acqua. Ma
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1249 quelle, ch'io breuemeute $criuer&ograve; hor'hora, prima ch'io ragioni
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1250 della Chiocciola, non hanno altra ragione, che la $cienza del mo-
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1251 uer pe$i; ne altro contrario, che la naturale grauezza dell'acqua;
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1252 onde $ono anco piu durabili, &amp; cauano maggior quantit&agrave; d'acqua
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1253 ad hone$ta altezza data la parit&agrave; nell'altre co$e, &amp; $ono le $otto-
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1254 $critte.</I>
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1255 <p><I>Innanzi a tutte, qu&atilde;do $i pu&ograve; ben ra$$ettare in luogo commodo,
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1256 &egrave; utili$$ima la ruota, ch'&egrave; in u$o $ul Verone$e nell'Adige. Alza
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1257 l'acqua $opra qual $i uoglia ripa in buona quantit&agrave;, &amp; &egrave; mo$$a a
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parents:
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1258 ponto nell'e$trema circonferenza come conuiene a dare il moto $e-
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1259 condo la uera ragione delle $tatere: Onde e$$endo maggiore il pe-
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1260 $o, che corre nell'ale de$tre, &amp; $ini$tre della ruota, che il pe$o del-
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1261 l'acqua alzata, &amp; poi uer$ata dalle ca$ette di mezzo; &egrave; facil co$a,
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1262 che faccia effetto di non puoca utilit&agrave;. Nulla di meno non $i pu&ograve;
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1263 porre $e non in fiume di $tabile cor$o, &amp; di ferme ripe. Et anco
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1264 nel cre$cere del fiume &egrave; impedita dalla troppo abondanza dell'ac-
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1265 qua; all'hora piu quando maggiore &egrave; il bi$ogno d'adacquare: cio&egrave;
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1266 nel principio di Giugno, per e$$er$i dileguate a piu potere le neui</I>
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1267 <p n=>17</p>
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1268 <I>de'monti, dal che ne $eguono le piene di qua$i tutti li $iumi.</I>
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1269 <p><I>Non con $i buona arte del pe$o $i fabrica il timpano de$critto da
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1270 Vitruuio nella $econda parte del nono capo del decimo libro, &amp; po-
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1271 sto nel quarto libro fra le figure di Flauio Vegetio: percio che $e
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1272 bene con le i$te$$e cagioni, &amp; qua$i nell'i$te$$o modo, che fa la ruo-
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1273 ta di Verona, alza, &amp; uer$a l'acqua; ha nondimeno il principio
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1274 del $uo mouimento molto uicino al centro: cio&egrave;, per lo $patio, che
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1275 puo girare un'huomo con una cigognola: il quale non s'&egrave; mai ui$to
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1276 che pa$$i dodici oncie: onde e$$endo il raggio, alla fine di cui &egrave; po$to
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1277 il pe$o, molto piu lungo che il raggio della cigognola, non $olo que-
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1278 $ta machina non &egrave; aiutata dalla $cienza de'pe$i, ma &egrave; fatta qua$i al
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1279 contrario.</I>
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1280 <p><I>Alla qual co$a uolendo fare qualche prouedimento alcuni $ci&eacute;-
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1281 tiati huomini, hanno piu pre$to abbracciata la dottrina dell'i$te$$o
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1282 Vitruuio nel principio del $ouradetto nono capo del decimo libro;
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1283 facendo il timpano in modo, che l'acqua non re$ta $empre nella fine
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1284 del raggio maggiore; anzi quanto piu $i leua, tanto piu s'auicina
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1285 al centro, &amp; e$ce per i colombari de'perni, non alzando piu, che
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1286 per la met&agrave; del diametro del timpano. Di piu fuora de'precetti di
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1287 Vitruuio, hanno anco fatto, che il raggio, oue &egrave; il motore, &egrave; al-
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1288 quanto piu lungo, che il raggio, che riceue il pe$o: ordinando un
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1289 cauallo, che con un giro maggiore, che il timpano non &egrave;; &amp; con
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1290 una ruota dentata, che batte in una rocchetta di fu$a cacciata $u
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1291 i perni; non $olo muoue con piu facilit&agrave;, ma anco a$$ai uelocemen-
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1292 te. Due di que$te machine $i ueggono a Lucia Fucina $ette miglia
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1293 lontano da Venetia; con una delle quali, che &egrave; la minore, $i leua
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1294 l'acqua, che $orge di $ouerchio in certe campagne lauorate, &amp; $i
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1295 tragetta nella ualle uicina; con l'altra, che &egrave; la maggiore, s'alza
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1296 l'acqua della Brenta per mandarla oltra l'argine, che &egrave; $ra la Bre<*>
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1297 ta, &amp; il mare; accioche $e ne riempino le barche, &amp; $i conducan<*>
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1298 alla citt&agrave; per u$o delle ci$terne.</I>
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1299 <p><I>Ma il Paladio, Architetto in Venetia di grandi$$imo credito,
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1300 me ne mo$tr&ograve; per $ua gran corte$ia una molto eccellente, &amp; non an-
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1301 cor publicata; la quale gia m'era stato a$$ai lodata dal Clari$$imo
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1302 Signor Marcantonio Barbaro fratello del Reuerendi&szlig;. &amp; dotti$$i-
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1303 mo eletto d'Acquilegia, a cui meritamente quei nobili Vinitiani
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1304 commettono il giudicio di qua$i tutte l'opere mathematice. Et in</I>
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1305 <foot><I>B</I></foot>
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1306 <p n=>18</p>
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1307 <I>nero io confe$$o, che dopo la Chiocciola $abricata nel modo, ch'io
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1308 diro di $otto, que$to $ia il piu utile i$tromento di quanti $e ne $ieno
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1309 $abri<*>at<*> $in'ad hora per alzare acque a mediocre altezza: impe-
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1310 roche le bocche, per onde que$to timpano riceue l'acqua, $i piega-
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1311 no qua$i in gui$a di lumaca uer$o il centro; cagionando, che in uno
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1312 i$te$$o tempo il pe$o $cendendo monti, &amp; col $uo piegato decor$o
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1313 ageuoli il moto a $e mede$imo, $in che giunga al mezzo, onde poi
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1314 rie$ce per gli gia detti colombari. Io baueuo bene letto la de$crit-
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1315 tione di que$ta tale machina appre$$o di Alfarabio dotti$$imo. Ara
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1316 bo nelle $ue mecanice: &amp; anco il Caccialupi no$tro me n'haueua
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1317 mo$trato molto prima per co$a $ecreta un picciolo modello; ma con
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1318 tutto cio que$ta del Paladio &egrave; molto piu per$etta; auenga che &egrave; ti-
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1319 rata con la mi$ura d'Archimede de'ponti delle linee $piritali, delle
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1320 quali non ragiona Alfarabio: $iche $i puo fabricare &amp; piu giu$ta,
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1321 &amp; piu facilmente, &amp; con maggior $icurezza di buon'effetto. tut-
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1322 tauia io ho poi trouato, che que$to, per altro utili$$imo i$tromento,
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1323 cede alla Chiocciola $i nella quantit&agrave;, &amp; nell'altezza dell'acqua,
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1324 come nella forza del motore, &amp; nel uantaggio del fabricarlo, &amp;
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1325 mantenerlo.</I>
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1326 <p><I>Dopo i timpani, $ono state in pregio per un tempo appre$$o de'
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1327 metallieri le machine fatte con molte $ecchie legate alle catene, che
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1328 $i uolgono con diuer$i motori $opra duoi $ubbij; uno alto, &amp; un ba$-
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1329 $o. Elle $ono de$critte in un modo da Vitruuio, &amp; dipinte in tre
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1330 diuer$i modi dall' Agricola nelle tre prime figure delle machine da
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1331 acqua del $e$to libro de'metalli. hora $i u$ano poco, perche l'e$pe-
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1332 rienza ha mo$trato, che non durano, che non alzano acqua con lo
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1333 i$te$$o motore al pare di molti de'$ouradetti i$tromenti, &amp; che $ono
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1334 di gran $pe$a a fabricarle, &amp; mantenerle. pure quando $i puo $er-
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1335 uire del cor$o impetuo$o di qualche acqua, $i potrebbono tolerare:
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1336 &amp; in ogni ca$o che s'haue$$ero a fare (ilche pero non con$iglio ad
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1337 alcuno) auerti$ca$i almeno, che i $ubbij, $oura i quali $i uolgono le
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1338 catene, non habbiano molto diametro; per non incorrere nell'er-
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1339 rore di quel Cremone$e, che gia ne fece una, che haueua le ruote,
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1340 foura le quali $i gir auano le catene; qua$i piu grandi delle ruote,
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1341 che dauano il moto: il che rende il pe$o $enza comparatione piu
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1342 graue, che non $arebbe, $e, come io ho detto, il $ubbio $ar&agrave; di mi-
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1343 nore diametro.</I>
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1344 <p n=>19</p>
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1345 <p><I>Fra le $ouradette $i potr&agrave; riporre il ritrouato di Me$$er Carlo
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1346 d'Vrbino, arte$ice di belli$$imo ingegno; benche $in'ad hora non fia
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1347 publicamente pale$ato.</I>
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1348 <p><I>Molte altre machine in modelli, che non $ono mai stato po$te in
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1349 opera reale, ho io ui$to in diuer$i luogbi; &amp; $peciamlente nelle ca-
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1350 mere $ecrete dell' ufficio de' Proueditori di commune in Venetia:
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1351 oue ognuno, che $i per$uade hauere ritrouato alcuna ingenio$a, &amp;
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1352 bella co$a porta i modelli, per ottenere qualche priuilegio, ma pen
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1353 dono tutte dalle ragioni $ouradette. Et perche non hanno maggio-
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1354 re per$ettioue, o commodit&agrave; dell'altre annouerate di $opra, $on $i-
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1355 curi$$imo, che re$teranno na$co$te perpetuamente. Non la$cier&ograve;
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1356 pero di dire, che il Bo$$io no$tro Piacentino gia $e ne imagin&ograve; una,
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1357 che non $i douendo leuare l'acqua molto alta, a$$ai facilmente, &amp;
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1358 con qualche utilit&agrave; hauerebbe $eruito in un mediocre bi$ogno. Ha-
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1359 ueua duoi $ecchioni a$$ettati in maniera in un legno torto in gui$a
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1360 della lettera. S. &amp; fi$$o nel mezzo del luogo da cui $i doueua cauar
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1361 l'acqua, che quando l'uno $i riempiua, l'altro $i uotaua: &amp; co$i
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1362 facendo duoi moti $ino al piano del terreno, quando l'uno s'alzaua,
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1363 l'altro s'abba$$aua, moueuan$i poi con una statera a$$ai bene c&oacute;-
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1364 pa$$ata: di modo che il moto fatto da un cauallo $arebbe $eguito
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1365 a$$ai facile, &amp; ueloce.</I>
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1366 <p><I>Re$ta hora la Chiocciola, la quale compo$ta nel modo, ch'io $o-
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1367 no per dire, di gran lunga auanza quanti i$tromenti $i $ieno mai
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1368 potuto imaginare, per leuare a$$ai acqua, per farla montare a gr&aacute;
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1369 de altezza, &amp; per poter$i girare facilmente; pur che ui $ia ag-
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1370 giunto l'organo del moto, di cui $i ragioner &agrave; nel $econdo di$cor$o:
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1371 di maniera, che data la parit&agrave; nell'altre co$e, $empreuincer&agrave; ogni
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1372 altra machina in quel partito-di cui $i uorr&agrave; fare il paragone. che
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1373 $e qual $i uoglia ordigno le $ar&agrave; pare in leuar l'i$te$$a quantit&agrave; del-
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1374 l'acqua, &amp; all'i$te$$a altezza; haur&agrave; poi bi$ogno di molto mag-
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1375 giori forze per poterlo mouere. $e le $ar&agrave; pare nella gaglierdia del
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1376 motore, &amp; nella copia dell'acqua, le ceder&agrave; nell'altezza. &amp; $e
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1377 hauer&agrave; altezza, &amp; motore uguale; l'acqua $i trouer &agrave; e$$ere a$$ai
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1378 meno: imperoche una Chiocciola compo$ta, come $i uedr&agrave;, con la
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1379 forza d'un'huomo $olo di mediocre lena, <*>ra almeno dodici oncie
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1380 d'acqua $econdo la mi$ura Piacentina (che &egrave; un quadro di tre on-
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1381 cie nette per ogni lato) alta circa $ette braccia di dodici oncie per</I>
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1382 <foot><I>B</I> 2</foot>
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1383 <p n=>20</p>
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1384 <I>braccio, con cor$o a$$ai piu inchinato, &amp; ueloce, che non $i d&agrave; or-
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1385 dinariamente al moto de'riui, che ci $eruono per adacquare. Et un
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1386 cauallo che non $ia de'piu gagliardi, ne tira all'i$te$$a altezza, &amp;
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1387 con <*>i$te$$e circo$tanze, piu di mezo canale da prato; cio&egrave;, un
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1388 quadro di $ei oncie per ognilato: al qual $egno, &amp; alle quali con-
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1389 ditioni non e$$endo$i ancora mai auicinata per molto $patio alcuna
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1390 dell'altre machine; &amp; potendo $i que$ta fabricare, &amp; mantenere
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1391 con pochi$$ima$pe$a, a ri$petto dell'utile; anzi e$$endo forti$$ima,
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1392 &amp; durabile in ogni $ua parte fuor della credenza d'ognuno, che
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1393 non l'habbia prouata; non &egrave; $enza ragione, che $i debbano a$pet-
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1394 tare da lei effetti per adacquare terreni, &amp; per altri u$i, con l'uti-
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1395 lit&agrave; grandi$$ima, ch'io diui$er&ograve; nel terzo di$cor$o. Aggiunge$i
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1396 che ogni mediocre arte$ice, pur che n'habbia una fiata $abricato
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1397 una $econdo le norme, ch'io fra poco apertamente dimo$trer&ograve;, $ar&agrave;
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1398 atto con non molta fatica, &amp; $enza commettere errore alcuno a $a
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1399 bricarne, &amp; ra$$ettarne quante ba$teranno per li $eruigi di mol-
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1400 ti$$imi buomini. Ma $e non &egrave; stato po$ta in u$o $ino ad hora, $ono
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1401 ficuro, che la grande autorit&agrave; di Vitruuio, il quale $olo fra tutti li
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1402 $crittori cono$ciuti n'ha trattato; &amp; l'imperfettione delle regole,
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1403 ch'egli ha la$ciato, ne $ieno stato $peciali$$ima, &amp; forti$$ima cag<*>-
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1404 ne: tanto piu che coloro, che pur alla fine hanno inte$o le $ue diffi-
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1405 cili norme, &amp; l'hanno ridotte all'opera, $i $ono ritrouati ingan-
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1406 nati in molte co$e: &amp; $oura ogni altra, nella forza del motore, il
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1407 quale ui bi$ogna $i gagliardo, che mi di$$e gia il Clari$$imo Signore
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1408 Pandol$o Contareni, che molti nobili Vinitiani, $ra'quali anc'e$$o
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1409 n'era uno, molte n'haueuano fabricato con effetto $empre uano, &amp;
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1410 fallace per molti ri$petti; &amp; $pecialmente per la grandi$$ima diffi-
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1411 cult&agrave; del mouerla, talche finalmente ognuno stracco dalle $pe$e,
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1412 l'haueua la$ciata, &amp; piu pre$to s'era accommodato con qualche
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1413 altro magi$tero. Per la qual co$a mi $ono a$$ai marauigliato, che
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1414 il dotti$$imo Mon$ig. Barbaro entra$$e mai in i$perienza (come egli
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1415 $criue ne'$uoi commentari $opra Vitruuio) che con que$to i$trom&eacute;-
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1416 to tirato al modo di que$to autore, facendo$i cadere l'acqua ado$$o
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1417 a qualche ruota fi$$a in lui mede$imo, $i pote$$e cagionare il moto
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1418 perpetuo, $i lungamente cercato in uano da tanti belli$$imi ingegni
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1419 &amp; non mai ancora ritrouato. Abenche io $coprir&ograve; piu di $otto la
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1420 origine di que$ta $peranza, quando io hauer&ograve; prima fatto manife-</I>
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1421 <p n=>21</p>
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1422 <I>sta <*>imper$ettione delle regole di Vitruuio, &amp; rintracciata la ue-
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1423 ra ragione dell'a$ce$a dell'acqua in que$ta machina: dalla qual ra-
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1424 gione n&oacute; $olo $i haur&agrave; il modo di poterla fabricare, ma anco la uia
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1425 di cono$cere ogni granchio pre$o in tal materia da chi che $ia.</I>
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1426 <p><I>Tre dunque $ono in $o$tanza le regole date da Vitruuio nella
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1427 compo$itione di que$to i$tromento. La prima, che la traue del $o-
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1428 $tegno di mezo, la quale nell' auenire da noi $ar&agrave; dimandata ani-
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1429 ma, $ia gro$$a tante dita, quanti piedi tutta la machina $i uorr&agrave; far
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1430 lunga: il che per e$$ere il piede di $edici dita, non uuol dire altro,
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1431 $e n&oacute; che debba que$t'anima e$$ere $edici uolte pin lunga, che gro$-
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1432 $a. L'altra &egrave;, che s'habbia a tirare il canale caminando per gli in-
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1433 crociamenti de gli ottanti. La terza, che il canale $i debba fare
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1434 alto di $ponde in maniera, che tutta la machina re$ti gro$$a l'otta-
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1435 ua parte della lunghezza. Ora pigli$i un'anima poniamo ca$o
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1436 gro$$a mezo braccio: ella, $econdo la prima regola, $ar&agrave; lunga
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1437 otto braccia: il $uo canale, $e $ar&agrave; $implice, per la $econda regola
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1438 $ar &agrave; largo diciott'oncie; $e $ar&agrave; doppio, $ar&agrave; largo noue. perche
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1439 e$$endo la circonferenza dell'anima poco piu di diciott'oncie, gli
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1440 ottanti $aranno di circa due oncie, &amp; un quarto. $i che in capo di
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1441 quattr'ottanti, che &egrave; tutto il pendio dell'anima, &amp; $ono circanoue
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1442 oncie, $i chiuder&agrave; il canale quando $ar&ograve; doppio. Per la terza re-
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1443 gola, tutta la gro$$ezza dell'i$tromento $ar&agrave; un braccio. Ponga$i
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1444 co$i fabricato all'opera, &amp; $ia la $ua eleuatione delle cinque parti
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1445 le tre. &egrave; co$a chiara, che $ar&agrave; bi$ogno, che entri $otto l'acqua qu&aacute;-
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1446 to importa tutta la gro$$ezza $ua; &amp; di piu tutta la larghezza
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1447 della bocca del canale o $ia doppio, o $ia $implice; altrimenti $i uede
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1448 per la ragione, &amp; per l'e$perienza, ch'egli non ander&agrave; pieno. Si
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1449 perdono aduuque nece$$ariamente $otto la $uperficie dell'acqua,
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1450 circa uent'oncie. Il re$to &egrave; $ei braccia, &amp; quattr'oncie; le quali
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1451 uolendo fare un moto $olo, alzano poco piu di tre braccia, &amp; me-
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1452 zo; che uolendone far duoi, conuerebbe che il ua$o, che riceue$$e
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1453 l'acqua del primo i$tromento, per darla al $econdo, fu$$e almeno
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1454 profondo un braccio, &amp; mezzo; &amp; co$i leuerebbe al primo i$tro-
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1455 mento lunghezza di qua$i tre braccia, re$tando il primo moto di
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1456 poco piu di due braccia: il quale pero $arebbe molto di$$icile, ceden
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1457 do a molti altri de'$oura detti i$tromenti qua$i in tutte le circo$tan-
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1458 ze: ne $e ui fu$$e un $olo canale, benche piu largo, hauerebbe mol-</I>
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1459 <foot><I>B</I> 3</foot>
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1460 <p n=>22</p>
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1461 <I>ta acqua; per non e$$ere atto a mandarla $e non per la met&agrave; del gi-
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1462 ro: anzi tanto meno l'alzerebbe, quanto piu $arebbe sforzato a
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1463 na$conder$i $otto l'acqua, per la larghezza $ua. Similmente $e noi
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1464 raddoppiando la gro$$ezza dell'anima, uole$$imo raddoppiare la
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1465 lunghezza, haure$$imo hene il uantaggio del moto di $opra, $e non
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1466 ue ne doue$$e e$$ere $e non uno; ma douendouene e$$ere duoi, l'ef-
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1467 f<*>o tornerebbe alla mede$ima proportione; pur che non uole$$imo
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1468 fare $i lungo l'i$tromento, che ba$ta$$e a tutta l'altezza intiera <*>
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1469 co$a molto strauagante, $i per la $mi$urata gro$$ezza dell'i$tro-
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1470 mento, che non $i potrebbe qua$i mai ra$$ettare a $uo luogo, come
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1471 per la $traordinaria forza, che ui bi$ognerebbe a poterlo mouere.</I>
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1472 <p><I>Impe roche la uera ragione, perche l'acqua in que$to ordigno $a-
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1473 glia in alto, non pende da altro, che dal pendio della gro$$ezza de
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1474 l'anima, dal quale il canale prende la $ua decaduta: in maniera,
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1475 che $eruando la proportione, tanto $i potr&agrave; fare il canale piu largo,
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1476 &amp; che renda piu copia d'acqua, quanto $ar&agrave; maggiore il diame-
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1477 tro dell'anima. onde ritrouando$i l'acqua per lo giro del motore,
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1478 $empre in luogo eleuato, &egrave; forza, che per la naturale grauezza,
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1479 $empre $cenda; &amp; co$i correndo per la $ponda fatta co'regoli, che
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1480 noi chiamiamo uermi, &amp; che le $erue per fondo del canale; tanto
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1481 $cendendo a$cenda, quanto $ar&agrave; eleuata l'anima dal punto di $opra.
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1482 E'ben uero, che $e l'eleuatione dell'anima di giro in giro del canale
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1483 fu$$e maggiore, che il pendio; l'acqua non potrebbe montare. Et
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1484 perche caminando le $ponde del canale per gli ottanti, &amp; alzando
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1485 l'i$tromento delle cinque parti le tre, la decaduta re$ta $empre al-
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1486 quanto maggiore, che la $alita: quindi auiene, che l'acqua $i uede
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1487 poggiare $enza impedimento alcuno, come $e il canale $ar&agrave; noue
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1488 oncie, &amp; il pendio $ei, alzando la larghezza del canale, che uiene
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1489 ad e$$ere lunghe</I>zz<I>a dell'i$tromento delle cinque parti le tre; la ele-
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1490 <*>atione $ar&agrave; poco piu di cinque oncie, &amp; un ter</I>z<I>o; &amp; il pendio
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1491 $ar&agrave; di $ei oncie, hauendo uantaggio di hone$ta decaduta in $i bre-
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1492 ue $patio.</I>
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1493 <p><I>Quiui dicono alcuni, che $i uede, che l'anima detta di $opra,
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1494 raddoppiata in gro$$ezza per raddopiarla in lughezza, haurebbe
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1495 tante uolte decaduta d'un bracc<*>o per un canale largo diciott'oncie,
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1496 &amp; alto $ei, quanti mezi giri de'uermi entra$$ero a circondarla d<*>
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1497 <*>ngo intieramente; &amp; $arebbe decaduta di circa dodici bracci<*></I>
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1498 <p n=>23</p>
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1499 <I>in tutto; che in duoi uermi cre$cono in uentiquattro. al moto del-
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1500 la quale ognuno puo giudicare, che non ba$terebbe la maggiore,
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1501 &amp; piu gagliarda ruota, mo$$a dal piu ueloce fiume, in cui $i $oglio-
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1502 no fabricare molini. auenga che $ia bi$ogno, che il motore habbia
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1503 maggior forza in girare la machina, che l'acqua in $cendere per $i
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1504 gran pendio a moto contrario al moto di lui. Et a que$ta co$a han-
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1505 no anco detto, che non aucrt&igrave; il giudicio$i$$imo Mon$ig. Barbaro,
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1506 &amp; s'imaginano, che $olamente egli uedendo, che l'acqua con moto
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1507 uaturale $cendendo a$cendeua, &amp; non hauendo riguardo, che il
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1508 moto del giro di fuora, $ia contrario al moto gagliardi$$imo della
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1509 decaduta di dentro; ne for$e hauendo bene con$iderata la cagione
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1510 dell'a$cendere dell'acqua, o $attone egli ste$$o alcuna ragioneuole
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1511 e$perientia, prende$$e $peranza di poter fare il moto perpetuo con
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1512 que$ta machina a que$to modo formata, con la quale ne anco &egrave; po$-
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1513 $ibile a farlo a tempo, $e non con uiolenti$$imo mouimento i$tranio.
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1514 percioche $econdo co$toro, $ia come $i uoglia la forza del motore,
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1515 certa co$a &egrave;, che $empre $ar&agrave; maggiore la decaduta dell'acqua den-
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1516 tro all'i$tromento, che quella dell' i$te$$a gia u$cita fuora. che $e
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1517 l'anima $ar&agrave; gro$$a mezo braccio, &amp; lunga otto; la decaduta di
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1518 dentro $ar&agrave; circa cinque braccia, &amp; quattr'oncie in un uerme $olo;
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1519 &amp; quella di fuora tutta non potr&agrave; e$$ere piu che quattro braccia,
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1520 &amp; noue oncie; &amp; minore anco $arebbe, $e l'acqua batte$$e $opra
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1521 qualche ruota fermata nell'i$tromento; la quale $e fu$$e picciola,
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1522 hauerebbe poca leuatura, $cemando tuttauia la decaduta quanto
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1523 importa$$e parte della $ua larghezza, od almeno il luogo della
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1524 Chioceiola oue $i ferma$$e: $e fu$$e grande, quanto acqui$ta$$e di le-
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1525 uatura, tanto perderebbe nella $ce$a dell'acqua: &amp; co$i re$terebbe
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1526 molto inferiore di forze al moto di dentro; $e pure il $ito dell'altez-
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1527 za $ua $opporta$$e, che una ruota grande nello $patio di $otto haue$-
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1528 $e il pa$$aggio. Ne gioua al giudicio di co$toro, che $i dica, che il
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1529 pendio di dentro $i con$idera $olamente per que$ta particella, che
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1530 au&aacute;za l'eleuatione; che $arebbe nella gia detta Chiocciola per ogni
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1531 noue oncie di lunghezza duoi terzi d'oncia, o circa: $iche in tutta
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1532 lei fanno $omma di poco piu di $ette oncie; &amp; co$i la decaduta di
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1533 fuora per un $olo canale, $arebbe di gran lunga maggiore, &amp; po-
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1534 trebbe ageuolmente uincere, &amp; sforzare il moto dell'interno pen-
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1535 dio. Non gioua cio, dicono, co$a alcuna alla $peranza del moto</I>
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1536 <foot><I>B</I> 4</foot>
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1537 <p n=>24</p>
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1538 <I>p<*>rpetuo: percioche affermano, che in ogni ca$o la $ce$a di $ei on-
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1539 cie per ogni noue di lungbezza, re$ta $empre in $uo uigore, ne $en-
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1540 za lei $i cagionerebbe la $alita. &amp; $e bene quando ella $i con$idera
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1541 a ri$petto dell'eleuatione, au anza di poco; non &egrave; per que$to, che
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1542 non concorra $empre tutta all'operatione: &amp; in ogni canale l'ac-
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1543 qua, che mentre $i gira $i troua nella parte di $opra, cade per tutta
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1544 la $ce$a dell'anima, che &egrave; $ei oncie, $inche di nuouo alzata torna
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1545 tante uolte a cadere, quanti $ono li mezi riuolgimenti de'uermi.</I>
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1546 <p><I>Alle quali po$itioni io ri$pondo, che for$e $arebbeno uere, quan-
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1547 do l'anima fu$$e fondo del canale, &amp; li uermi fu$$ero $ponda: per-
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parents:
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1548 che allhora la decaduta di mezo giro in mezo giro, $empre $areb-
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1549 be quanto il diametro dell'anima. ma$e la co$a ste$$e co$i, qual
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1550 uantaggio hauerebbe que$to i$tromento, a ri$petto de gli altri, in
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1551 mandare molto piu facilmente maggior copia d'acqua? Se bi$o-
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1552 gna$$e alzare tutta l'acqua, ch'egli haue$$e dentro, per $i alta de-
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1553 caduta in ogni $olo canale, &amp; poi anco che alla fine l'acqua non $i
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1554 troua$$e alta, $e non poco piu, che la met&agrave; di lui; non $arebbe a$$ai
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1555 meglio $eruir$i del piu imperfetto timpano di Vitruuio, col quale
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1556 data la parit&agrave; dell'altezza, in cui nell'ultimo $i troua l'acqua, $i
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1557 potrebbe farne leuare l'i$te$$a quantit&agrave; con a$$ai minore, &amp; piu fa-
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1558 cile pendio? Tuttauia $i uede pure con la proua, che que$to in$tro-
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1559 mento, qu ando &egrave; ben compo$to, di gran lunga uince tutti gli altri
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1560 con le circo$tanze, ch'io di$$i poco piu di $opra. Ne di que$to uti-
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parents:
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1561 li$$imo effetto n'&egrave; uera, &amp; prima cagione altra co$a, che l'e$$ere
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parents:
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1562 l'ordine de'uermi in uece del fondo del canale, &amp; l'e$$ere l'anima
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1563 da un lato, &amp; la coperta dall'altro, in luogo di $ponde: per che a
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parents:
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1564 que$to modo il pendio di dentro $ar&agrave; $olamente quella partieella,
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parents:
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1565 che auanza l'eleuatione: &amp; $arebbe nella gia detta Chiocciola,
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parents:
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1566 che habbia $ei oncie di dametro nell'anima, per ogni noue oncie di
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parents:
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1567 limghezza, circa duoi terzi d'oncia: $iche per ogni uerme in tut-
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parents:
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1568 ta lei rendono $omma di poco piu di $ette oncie, &amp; in duoi uermi di
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parents:
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1569 poco piu di quattordici. Con $i poco pendio (il che non auiene in
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parents:
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1570 qualunque altro i$tromento) l'acqua $i troua alta piu di $ei parti di
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parents:
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1571 piu di lui; di modo ch'egli almeno con $ei gradi di meno di forza,
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parents:
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1572 alza l'i$te$$a quantit&agrave; d'acqua all'altezza, che fanno tutte l'altre
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parents:
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1573 machine, o con l'i$te$$a forza ne tira $ei uolte piu alla mede$ima
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parents:
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1574 <*>leuatione, Ragione chiari$$ima oltre le $ouradette e$perienze,</I>
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parents:
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1575 <p n=>25</p>
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parents:
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1576 <I>che le co$e $ieno a que$to modo, &egrave;, che $e $i $ar&agrave; un'anima picciola
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parents:
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1577 di quattr'oncie di diamctro, pur che il uerme $ia tanto alto, che il
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parents:
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1578 canale riccua l'i$te$$a quantit&agrave; dell'acqua, non $i mouer&agrave; per que-
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parents:
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1579 $ta cagione piu facilmente, che $e ella $ar&agrave; alta $ei oncie, &amp; hab-
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parents:
diff changeset
1580 bia il uerme ba$$o alla proportione dell'i$te$$a copia dell'acqua. &amp;
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parents:
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1581 nondimeno e$$endo la decaduta di dentro un ter</I>z<I>o manco, doureb-
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parents:
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1582 be e$$ere un terzo piu leggiera. Solamente ha l'anima picciola
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parents:
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1583 qualche $iata alcun uantaggio, per e$$ere il pe$o $opra di lei alqu&aacute;-
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parents:
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1584 to piu uicino al centro: perche l'anima di quattr'oncie leuer&agrave; do-
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parents:
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1585 dici oncie d'acqua con il uerme alto due oncie: $iche la $uperficie di
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parents:
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1586 fuora del pondo, $ar&agrave; lontana dal centro quattr'oncie; &amp; quella di
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parents:
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1587 dentro due. ma l'anima di $ei oncie tirer&agrave; l'i$te$$e dodici oncie, col
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parents:
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1588 uerme poco meno alto d'una oncia, &amp; meza: onde la $uper$icie di
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parents:
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1589 fuora del pondo $ar&agrave; di$tante dal centro piu di quattr'oncie; &amp;
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parents:
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1590 quella di dentro $ar&agrave; lontana almeno tre: di modo, che il pe$o,
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parents:
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1591 quando $egua que$ta $immetria, che non $empre $egue, re$ter&agrave; al-
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parents:
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1592 quanto meno graue; benche non per cagione che ui $ia minore la
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parents:
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1593 decaduta dell'anima.</I>
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parents:
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1594 <p><I>Ora con tutto che il pendio $ia $i poco, &amp; con tanto gran uan-
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parents:
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1595 taggio dentro alla Chiocciola; nulla dimeno non $i debbiamo ma-
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parents:
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1596 rauigliare, s'ella, formata al modo di Vitruuio, $ia graui$$ima a
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parents:
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1597 mouer$i: imperoche e$$endo huopo per alzare a$$ai l'acqua, farla
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parents:
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1598 $mi$urata in gro$$e</I>zz<I>a, accioche $e le dia la longhe</I>zz<I>a, che re$ta
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1599 utile, &amp; quella che $i perde di $otto, &amp; di $opra; &amp; co$i facendo$i
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1600 un canale, che porta le migliaia di libre d'acqua; non &egrave; gran co$a,
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parents:
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1601 che $i graue carico ricerchi potenti$$imo motore: ancorche per ogni
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1602 mezo giro non s'haue$$e a tirare tutta l'acqua alta $e non un brac-
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1603 cio: tanto piu che la gro$$e</I>zz<I>a dell'anima, che conuiene hauer$i,
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1604 per dare la lunghe</I>zz<I>a alla machina, nuoce a$$ai, rimouendo molto
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1605 la graue</I>zz<I>a del carico dal centro, in cui $i gira. onde $empre re-
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1606 $teranno ingannati coloro, che $eguendo le regole di Vitruuio, cre-
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1607 deranno di poter fabricare tale i$tromento con utilit&agrave; maggiore,
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1608 o pare a molti de'$ourapo$ti.</I>
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1609 <p><I>Ma quanto alla $peranza di Mon$ig. Barbaro, dico, ch'egli con
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1610 molto forte ragione $i mo$$e a credere, che con que$to i$tromento
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1611 meglio, che con ogni altro, $i fu$$e potuto cagionare il moto perpe-
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1612 <*>o: perche mi per$uado, che un tanto huomo di$corre$$e molto</I>
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1613 <p n=>26</p>
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1614 <I>bene $opra le co$e dette di $opra, del pendio di dentro, &amp; della ca-
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1615 duta di fuora; &amp; $coprendo, che tutta l'acqua gia u$cita puo $cen-
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1616 dere per tutto lo $patio dall'altezza, a cui &egrave; stato leuata; la quale
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1617 <*> maggiore, che tutto il contrario decor$o di dentro congiunto in-
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1618 <*>ne; conchiude$$e, che l'acqua gia u$cita pote$$e mouere la non
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1619 ancora u$cita, in$ieme con la machina i$te$$a: percioche la machi-
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1620 na, tolto uia il decor$o dell'acqua, $e fu$$e bene diece uolte piu gra-
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1621 ue, che non &egrave;, o fu$$e tutta di piombo, $i potrebbe mouere $u le pun
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1622 te de'perni con leggieri$$ima fatica, a ri$petto di quella, che ui bi-
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1623 $ogna e$$endoui il decor$o. ilche $i far&agrave; chiaro &amp; con l'e$perien</I>z<I>a,
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1624 &amp; con la ragione nel $econdo di$cor$o. Pen$o bene, che egli (tale
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1625 &egrave; l'u$anza di qua$i tutti gli huomini $cient$ati, &amp; $petialmente di
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1626 quelli, che $ono occupati in co$e maggiori) non ne ueni$$e mai alla
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1627 proua: che quando egli ui fu$$e uenuto, come ho fatto io piu d'una
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1628 fiata, et in piu d'un modo; piu pre$to per porre in pratica le propor
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1629 tioni mathematice, &amp; per cono$cerle a$$ai meglio con l'e$perienza,
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1630 che per altro; &amp; haue$$e ueduto, che l'effetto a$pettato non ne fu$-
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1631 $e mai potuto na$cere, hauerebbe $enza dubbio, $aluaudo la $ua
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1632 uera ragione, trouatone un'altra oppo$ta, che haue$$e impedito ta-
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1633 le operatione; o cono$cendo oue mancaua quella primiera, haue-
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1634 rebbe piu facilmente giudicato dal uero. La cagione che non la-
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1635 $cia $eguire que$to effetto, &egrave;, perche $e bene l'acqua gia u$cita ha
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1636 maggiore decaduta, &amp; piu alto moto, che quella, che ancora ri-
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1637 mane dentro, non batte pero tutta in una uolta $opra la ruota or-
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1638 dinata per partorire il moto perpetuo; an</I>z<I>i ui corre di parte in
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1639 parte $econdo che di mano in mano rie$ce dall'i$tromento; il che n&oacute;
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1640 auiene dentro, oue l'acqua, che riempie tutta la lunghezza del ca-
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1641 <*>ale, non minore, che l'altezza della decaduta di fuora, per ogni
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1642 mezo giro, $eruando l'i$t<*>$$a quantit&agrave;, tutta in$ieme $i moue nel $uo
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1643 pendio. &amp; &egrave; piu gagliardo il moto di mille libre d'acqua in i$patio
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1644 d'un braccio a piombo, che il moto di cento libre in i$patio di tre
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1645 braccia mede$imamente a piombo: po$cia che ui bi$ognerebbe a$-
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1646 $ai piu forza a tirare in alto un carico di mille libre per lo $patio di
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1647 un braccio, che il carico di cinquanta, o cento libre per lo $patio
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1648 di tre braccia. che $e bene l'impeto dell'acqua quando corre qua$i
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1649 perpendicolarmente, puo a$$ai; nondimeno tanto perde di forza,
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1650 per la quantit&agrave;, &amp; per lo pe$o, che $empre $i fa minore nella deca-</I>
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1651 <p n=>27</p>
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1652 <I>duta, che s'auicina alla perpendicolare, quanto n'acqui$ta dali'im-
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1653 peto, che le s'aggiunge dalla uelocit&agrave; del moto. &amp; tanto muoue
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1654 l'acqua con poca decaduta, &amp; poco impeto, $eruando qua$i l'i$te$$a
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1655 quantit&agrave; in$ieme col pe$o, quanto $cemando a$$ai, moue con l'im-
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1656 peto della uelocit&agrave; del cor$o qua$i a piombo. Se una pietra, od al-
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1657 tra materia non liquida $i moue$$e, certo &egrave;, come mo$tra Archi-
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1658 mede, che molto maggiore $arebbe la forza $ua, mouendo$i a linea
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1659 retta uer$o il centro, che mouendo$i per altro tanto $patio con moto
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1660 qua$i piano: perche la quantit&agrave; ne'cor pi $odi, &amp; duri re$ta l'i$te$-
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1661 $a; &amp; il pe$o quanto piu $i mone rettamente, diuiene $empre piu
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1662 graue. non &egrave; co$i ne'corpi liquidi, ne'quali la quantit&agrave; non re$ta la
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1663 mede$ima, con tutto che quella, che re$la, $i faccia piu graue, &amp;
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1664 meni maggiore impeto, che s'ella corre$$e a moto qua$i ori</I>z<I>ontale.
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1665 Onde ueggiamo ne'molini terragni, l'acqua, che prima era capita
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1666 da un canale grande con mediocre cor$o, pa$$are tutta per un pic-
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1667 cioli$$imo canaletto con a$$ai maggiore impeto, che prima: ma n&oacute;
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1668 stando ella raccolta in$ieme, con a$$ai minore grauezza, la quale
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1669 $egue la quantit&agrave;. Che $e uorremo che la quantit&agrave;, &amp; il pe$o $ie-
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1670 no gli mede$imi, ma che habbiano bi$ogno di canale piu stretto,
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1671 &amp; piu lungo, per la uelocit&agrave; del moto; dico che la quantit&agrave;, &amp; il
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1672 pe$o po$ti a que$to modo, non $ono altro, che l'impeto: potendo t&aacute;-
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1673 to l'uno quanto l'altro. di maniera che non minore $arebbe la for-</I>
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1674 z<I>a, $e la decaduta fu$$e la met&agrave; meno alta, pur che la quantit&agrave;, &amp;
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1675 il pe$o in $ua natura re$ta$$e maggiore, &amp; batte$$e nelle pale della
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1676 ruota con maggiore larghezza del canale, &amp; delle pale, che la ri-
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1677 ceuono; $e non fu$$e, che con maggiore decaduta piu ageuolmente,
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1678 $econdo l'u$o commune, $i fanno le ruote piu grandi, &amp; di maggio-
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1679 re leuatura, il che gioua a$$ai. Ho detto $econdo l'u$o commune,
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1680 perche da chi $ape$$e bene la ragione, $i potrebbono anco a$pettare
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1681 le ruote grandi, oue fu$$e poca decaduta. A benche nel moto di
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1682 que$to i$tromento alzando$i egli poco, &amp; douendo$i la$ciare al-
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1683 quanto di decaduta all'acqua gia u$cita, non $i potrebbe acconciare
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1684 ruota di tanta leuatura, che ba$ta$$e per farlo mouere da $e mede-
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1685 $imo. auenga che la ruota dalla parte di $otto non haurebbe $patio
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1686 capace per la$ciarla pa$$are, &amp; finire liberamente il $uo giro. Si
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1687 puo anco aggiungere, che $e la Chiocciola haur&agrave; un canale $olo,
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1688 non mander &agrave; l'acqua, $e non in una parte del tempo del giro; &amp;</I>
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1689 <p n=>28</p>
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1690 <I>quella di dentro $i mouer &agrave; in tutto il giro, re$tando la copia che rie-
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1691 $ce a$$ai minore. $e haur&agrave; duoi canali, bi$ogner&agrave; raddoppiare la
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1692 quantit&agrave;, &amp; la decaduta di dentro, &amp; co$i raddoppiare anco la
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1693 forza interna.</I>
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1694 <p><I>Dico di nuouo per maggior chiarezza (tal modo di replicare c&otilde;
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1695 molti mezi, ogni uolta piu facili, &egrave; stato lodato, &amp; $ouente o$$er-
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1696 uato da Galeno nelle materie utili, oue $ia bene il di$correre atten-
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1697 tamente con l'animo) che non u$ceudo da una Chiocciola in un gi-
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1698 ro, poniamo ca$o piu che $ei pe$i d'acqua, ella non haur&agrave; maggior
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1699 forza in mouere, con tre baaccia di decaduta, in longhezza di al-
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1700 tre tre braccia, di quella che haueranno circa $e$$antaquattro pe$i,
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1701 che tutti in un tempo $i mouono di dentro, con circa quatordici ou-
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1702 cie di pendio in duoi canali. uguale forza in ambedue que$te ac-
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1703 que $arebbe, $e quella, che rie$ce fu$$e tre pe$i, con cinque braccia
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1704 di decaduta; &amp; quella, che riman chiu$a nell'i$tromento, non fu$$e
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1705 $e non quindeci pe$i, con un braccio di pendio: perche $i come di
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1706 fuora la decaduta cre$ce quattro quinti, co$i il pe$o di dentro cre-
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1707 $cerebbe quattro quinti; &amp; tanta &egrave; la proportione del pe$o alla ca-
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1708 duta, quanta dalla caduta al pe$o; tanto acqui$tando$i d'impeto,
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1709 quanto $i perde di pe$o. Ma &egrave; cono$ciuta dal $en$o, che l'acqua
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1710 contenuta dalla Chiocciola non $olo uince di quattro quinti, ma di
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1711 piu a$$ai quella, che rie$ce per ogni giro, &amp; che la decaduta di fuo-
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1712 ra, quando la Chiocciola &egrave; piena, per un $ol canale (il che $i dir&agrave;
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1713 nell'i$tromento de gli Alemani) o per duoi, non uince mai in piu
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1714 di quattro quinti, o circa il pendio di dentro. abenche $i puo anco
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1715 con la ragione prouare, che l'acqua di dentro uinca d'a$$ai piu di
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1716 quattro quinti quella che rie$ce per ogni giro: percioche in otto
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1717 braccia $ono almeno piu di dieci riuolgimenti del uerme, che oc-
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1718 cupano noue oncie di lunghezza per cia$cheduno. &amp; in un gi<*>
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1719 intiero della Chiocciola, nel quale tutta l'acqua di dentro decade
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1720 due uolte, non ne rie$ce $e non la contenuta dell'ultimo mezo riuol-
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1721 gimento uicino alla bocca di $opra: adunque l'acqua di fuora con
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1722 qualunque impeto $i uoglia, dando$ile la decaduta, che puo porta-
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1723 re in lunghezza la eleuatione della Chiocciola; non uincer&agrave; mai
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1724 in forza quella di dentro. Si potrebbe ben for$e proportionare in
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1725 tal $ito la ruota, &amp; la decaduta con tal lunghezza, che $e l'acqua
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1726 u$ci$$e continuamente per tutto il giro, pare forza haurebbe l'una</I>
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1727 <p n=>29</p>
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1728 <I>a<*> altra: ma non rie$ce $e non per mezo il giro. adunque la gia
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1729 <*>$cita re$ter&agrave; $uperata per la met&agrave;. Ne nuoce cio che $i potrebbe
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1730 dire, che l'interno pendio di circa $ette oncie in detto i$tromento,
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1731 $ia per la lunghezza di otto braccia, che rendono dodici, compu-
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1732 tati li riuolgimenti, &amp; la decaduta di fuora, $i po$$a fare in lun-
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1733 ghezza di $olamente tre, o quattro braccia; cio&egrave;, $ino al mezo de
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1734 la Chiocciola, o circa: imperoche non importa che la decaduta $ia
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1735 in maggiore lunghezza, purche quando ella $i uorr&agrave; fare maggio-
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1736 re in minore lunghezza, l'acqua $ia l'i$te$$a; &amp; $empre ui $i troui
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1737 l'i$te$$a proportione di forza, per l'accre$cimento di quella, &amp; lo
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1738 accorciamento di que$ta. $i puo fare che la lunghezza cre$ca, &amp;
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1739 la decaduta $cemi: che la decaduta cre$ca, &amp; la lunghezza $cemi
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1740 quanto $i uuole, che $empre re$ter&agrave; l'i$te$$a forza nell'i$te$$a quan-
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1741 tit&agrave; d'acqua. Quanto l'acqua andr&agrave; piu ueloce, per e$$ere accre-
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1742 $ciuto il pendio, &amp; $cemata la lunghezza, tanto piu $ar&agrave; impe-
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1743 tuo$a; benche minore in quantit&agrave;, &amp; capita da piu stretto, &amp; me-
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1744 no alto canale $empre alla proportione; tanto perdendo della gra-
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1745 uezza, &amp; quantit&agrave; $ua naturale nell'i$te$$a lunghezza, quanto
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1746 n'acqui$ta per la uelocit&agrave;, &amp;, come dicono i Geometri, per lo $ito.
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1747 All'oppo$ito quanto l'acqua andr&agrave; piu tarda per e$$er$i accre$ciuta
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1748 la lunghezza, &amp; alzato il pendio; tanto l'acqua la$cier&agrave; dell'im-
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1749 peto, &amp; del pe$o $econdo il $ito, stagnando in $e ste$$a: ma haur&agrave;
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1750 hi$ogno di piu alto, &amp; lungo canale, che capi$ca la $ua naturale
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1751 quantit&agrave;, &amp; grauezza, la quale re$ta piu unita.</I>
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1752 <p><I>Belli$$ima &egrave; ueramente que$ta $peculatione, da cui pende in gran
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1753 parte la ragione di tutti li moti, che $i po$$ono fare con la forza de
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1754 l'acqua, &amp; da cui ottimamente $i puo leuare dall'animo di molti il
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1755 $opra humano de$iderio di uolere fare il moto perpetuo; il quale il
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1756 grande I</I>DDIO <I>non ha uoluto ordinare ne i cieli i$te$$i, che pur
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1757 $ono tenuti eterni per lo loro mouimento eterno, $enza aggiunger-
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1758 ui un motore, che anco e$$o $ia eterno, diuer$o dalla $o$tanza loro.
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1759 Abenche dunque la caduta di $ette oncie di tutta l'acqua dr dentro
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1760 $ia in i$patio di dodici braccia di lunghezza, non $ar&agrave; pero mai
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1761 sforzata da quella di fuora, $e bene sbocca$$e continuamente, &amp;
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1762 fu$$e in quanto minore lunghezza, &amp; piu alto pendio $i uoglia.
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1763 Non &egrave; gia molto difficile ad imaginar$i, &amp; intender$i que$to per ue
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1764 ro da chi &egrave; alquanto e$$ercitato nelle proportioni mathematice, &amp;</I>
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1765 <p n=>30</p>
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1766 <I>geometrice. tutta uia perpiu facilit&agrave;, &amp; perche $ar&agrave; utile ad in$i-
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1767 nite opere, col modo che $ogliono Platone, &amp; Galeno; porremo
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parents:
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1768 con tal methodo un'e$$empio tolto dalla natura i$te$$a del $oggetto
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1769 di cui $i ragiona; che qua$i $empre egli $ar &agrave; in uece di ragione de-
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1770 mo$tratiua. Sia un canale di larghzza di otto braccia, &amp; hab-
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1771 bia l'acqua alta poniamo ca$o $ei oncie. habbia una caduta di $ette
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1772 oncie, con lunghezza di noue oncie. haur&agrave; poniamo ca$o quattro
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1773 gradi di forza. stringa$i dopo que$ta decaduta, la larghezza del
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1774 canale a poco a poco alla duodecima parte di lui; di modo, che la
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1775 bocca di $otto $ia otto oncie, $eruando la mede$ima altezza. ma$e
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1776 gli dia dodici uolte tanta decaduta in dodici uolte tanta lunghez-
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1777 za, quanta haueua prima; che $ar&agrave; ottanta quattr'oncie di deca-
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1778 duta, in lunghezza di cento otto oncie. co$i il canale della deca-
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diff changeset
1779 duta nel cominciare $ar&agrave; otto braccia, nel finire otto oncie; qua$i
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1780 in figura d'un triangolo equilatero, la cui ba$i $ia otto braccia, gli
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1781 lati noue, inchinati per ottanta quattro oncie. Allhora dico, che
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1782 l'acqua u$cir&agrave; tutta alta come prima per lo canale co$i ri$tretto, n&oacute;
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1783 rigorgando mai in dietro; &amp; haur&agrave; tanta forza ne piu ne meno
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1784 nel fondo del canale piu stretto, con l'impeto, &amp; la uelocit&agrave;; $e
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diff changeset
1785 bene la quantit&agrave; iui $ar&agrave; $cemata; quanta n'haueua prima nella
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1786 fine della larga, &amp; poca decaduta di $ette oncie; &amp; tanta nel me-
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1787 zo, quanta n'haueua prima nel mezo dell'altro: &amp; co$i dell'altre
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1788 parti alla proportione: purche ognuna di que$te larghezze habbia
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1789 l'incontro pare alla fua mi$ura. Similmente nella i$te$$a $econda
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1790 decaduta, tanta &egrave; la forza nel mezo per la quantit&agrave;, quanta nel
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1791 fine, per la uelocit&agrave;, &amp; per l'impeto: &amp; co$i nell'altre parti tutte
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1792 $erua l'i$te$$a proportione. Ma $e la decaduta $i face$$e maggiore,
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1793 &amp; in minor lunghezza; come s'ella fu$$e di cento oncie, in lun-
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1794 ghezza di ottanta, allhora l'acqua non ba$terebbe a riempire il
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1795 triangolo; &amp; $arebbe me$tieri, ch'egli o $i rin$tringe$$e, o non ha-
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1796 ue$$e l'acqua alta come prima: $arebbe tuttauia di pare impeto,
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1797 &amp; di pare pe$o alla $ouradetta in ogni parte di lei, facendo$i le par
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1798 ti tanto piu breui, quanto $i fu$$e accorciata la lunghezza. Per
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1799 lo contrario, $e $oemando la decaduta ella $i e$tende$$e in maggiore
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1800 lungezza, l'acqua farebbe rigorgo, &amp; non potrebbe pa$$are tutta
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1801 per la bocca di $otto; s'ella, accioche le $ponde non fu$$ero troppo
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1802 ba$$e, non s'allarga$$e. &amp; in tal maniera $i uaria la proportione</I>
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1803 <p n=>31</p>
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1804 <I>$econdo che &egrave; diuer$a la lunghezza, &amp; l'altezza della decaduta,
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1805 restando l'i$ie$$a forza per le norme delle dette mi$ure.</I>
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1806 <p><I>Da $imili proportioni po$$ono deriuare belli$$ime, &amp; utili$$i-
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1807 me ragioni per molti effetti: pur per non e$$ere cio principale fine
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1808 in que$ti $critti, la$cierenio, che $ieno raccolte da chi uorr&agrave; porui
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1809 alquanto di studio. una $ola per $aggio dell'altre non trala$cier&ograve;.
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1810 &amp; &egrave; que$ta. Che errano a$$ai in dare la forza a'molini terragni
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1811 coloro, (&amp; non ho ancor ui$to alcuno, che non lo faccia) che non
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1812 ri$tringendo il canale ordinario della decaduta, $empre a poco a
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1813 poco $ino in fine, ma facendo la bocca di lei a$$ai piu stretta, che la
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1814 larghezza del canale ordinario di $opra, $ono cagione, che l'ac-
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1815 qua, che &egrave; per cadere, rigorga, &amp; qua$i stagna, con poco utile a
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1816 ri$p etto del danno. &amp; quella, che decade, e$$endo imboccata nel
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1817 principio della decaduta in poca quantit&agrave;, $i troua in a$$ai minore
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1818 nella fine, oue batte la ruota: cio&egrave;, che $e nel principio &egrave; alta quat-
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1819 tro oncie, $i troua a$$ai meno alta nella $ine, benche c&oacute; piu gagliar-
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1820 do impeto. ilche non auerrebbe, $e la bocca nel principio fu$$e lar-
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1821 ga come il canale ordinario, &amp; poi a poco a poco $i stringe$$e alla
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1822 proportione della decaduta: percioche l'acqua quanto piu abba$-
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1823 $ando$i $i stringe$$e, tanto manco perderebbe di altezza; &amp; co$i
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1824 nella fine hauerebbe la mede$ima profondit&agrave;, che nel principio; &amp;
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1825 tanto piu hauerebbe d'impeto, &amp; di forza, quanto maggiore ri-
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1826 tene$$e l'altezza. Ho detto con poca utilit&agrave; a ri$petto del danno,
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parents:
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1827 perche $e bene lo stagnare di $opra alza l'acqua, &amp; &egrave; cagione, che
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1828 ella s'imbocchi piu alta nella decaduta, che non farebbe; tuttauia
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1829 que$ta altezza, &amp; que$ta quantit&agrave; $i perde per la maggior parte,
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1830 $pargendo$i per la lunghezza, &amp; larghezza del canale ordinario
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1831 di $opra: ilche non hauerebbe facendo$i come s'&egrave; detto: anzi tutta
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1832 la quantit&agrave;, &amp; il pe$o del canale ordinario, pa$$erebbe $enza per-
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1833 der$erne una giocciola in modo alcuno; &amp; $i trouerebbe a$$ai piu
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1834 alta in fondo, che non fa stagnando nel canale largo di $opra. Il
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1835 mede$imo adunque auerra in que$ta machina, $e in fare la decadu-
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parents:
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1836 ta di fuora $i accorcier&agrave; la lunghezza, &amp; s'accre$cer&agrave; il pendio,
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parents:
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1837 la proportione $ar&agrave; in maniera, che la forza $ar&agrave; l'i$te$$a di dentro
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1838 &amp; fuora in qualunque parte del $ito $i uoglia; purche $i $erui la $im
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parents:
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1839 metria del punto del lungo al punto del corto pendio, &amp; l'acqua
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1840 corra continuamente co$i fuora come dentro. ma que$to come ho</I>
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1841 <p n=>32</p>
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1842 <I>arco accennato di $opra, non &egrave; in effetto: peroche l'acqua d'un ca-
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parents:
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1843 nale di dentro cade $ette oncie, due uolte in un giro, &amp; quella di
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parents:
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1844 fuora non rie$ce $e non una uolta: $iche $e bene la decaduta, &amp;
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parents:
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1845 la lunghezza fu$$e pare in ambedue l'acque; la quantit&agrave;, &amp; la
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1846 grauezza naturale re$ta la met&agrave; meno di fuora, &amp; con meza la
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parents:
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1847 forza $olamente: perche $e l'acqua dentro &egrave; alta tre oncie, non $a-
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1848 r&agrave; di fuora, data la parit&agrave; nell'altre co$e, $e n&otilde; una &amp; meza; &amp; in
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1849 ogni ca$o re$ter&agrave; infericre per la met&agrave; de'gradi. Similmente $e il
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1850 canale $ar&agrave; doppio, &amp; in un giro intiero $empre uer$era acqua,
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1851 la decaduta anco dentro $i radoppier&agrave;, &amp; re$ter&agrave; l'i$te$$a propor-
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1852 tione. molto maggior danno $eguirebbe, $e fu$$e $emplice il cana-
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1853 le, nel modo, che $egue, introdotto da gli Alamani: perche non
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1854 sbocca $e non per la quarta parte del giro.</I>
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1855 <p><I>Gli Alamani huomini $opra tutti gli altri indu$trio$i in tali ri-
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1856 trouati, &egrave; ueri$imile, che haue$$ero con$ideratione $opra la mag-
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1857 gior parte de'$ouradetti impedimenti nati da'precetti di Vitruuio:
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1858 imperoche molto tempo ha, che compo$ero que$to i$tromento con
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1859 l'anima piu $ottile, &amp; piu lunga; con il canale piu stretto, con il
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1860 pendio minore, &amp; con il uerme altrimente tirato, che non in$egna
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1861 Vitruuio: ne in co$a alcuna o$$eruarono le regole di que$to autore.
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1862 Trouarono, s'io non m'inganno, la ragione detta poco auanti del-
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1863 l'a$ce$a dell' acqua in que$to i$tromento; dalla quale conchiu$ero,
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1864 ch'egli potcua far lungo quanto l'anima poteua $o$tenere $en</I>z<I>a
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1865 piegar$i; non hauendo riguardo alla gro$$ezza di lei. Di piu, che
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1866 il canale $i poteua far largo, &amp; stretto; purche camina$$e $empre
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1867 ad un modo, $econdo l'eleuatione, che $e gli uoleua dare. Oltra cio
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1868 che il uerme $i poteua far alto quanto $i uoleua, compa$$ando pero
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1869 ogni co$a con la forza del motore. Co$i $i ri$ol$ero di fermarlo con
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1870 l'anima di poco diametro, per fare il pe$o piu uicino al centro; &amp;
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1871 di tanta lunghe</I>zz<I>a quanto giudicarono ba$tare, accio non $i pie-
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1872 ga$$e. $opra que$ta tirarono un uerme $olo, caminando a$$ai piu
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1873 stretto, che per gli ottanti; &amp; non la$ciando parte alcuna di lei,
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1874 che non haue$$e canale per riempir$i d'acqua. al</I>z<I>arono poi tant<*>
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1875 li uermi per la gro$$e</I>zz<I>a dell'i$tromento quanto era a$$ai a riceue-
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1876 re pe$o atto ad e$$ere mo$$o da mediocre motore. <*>que$to modo
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1877 oprarono, che con piu corta Chiocciola l'acqua poggiaua a$$ai piu
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1878 in alto, che c&oacute; gli aui$i di Vitruuio: $i perche non perdeuano molta</I>
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1879 <p n=>33</p>
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1880 <I>parte di lei $otto la $uperficie dell'acqua, $i anco perche e$$endo ti-
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1881 rato il canale a$$ai piu stretto, che per gli ottanti, $i poteua $are la
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1882 eleuatione a$$ai maggiore: e$$endo che il pendio del uerme mi$ura-
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1883 to dalla gro$$e</I>zz<I>a dell'anima, re$ta $empre $uperiore all'eleuatione
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1884 fatta per poco meno che a piombo. Con que$to i$tromento co$i
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1885 compo$to, un Tede$co con $uo grandi$$imo guadagno, &amp; ine$tima-
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1886 bile bene$icio della $anit&agrave; publica, uot&ograve; in breue tempo qua$i tutte
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1887 le Cantine, &amp; i luoghi ba$$i di Roma, che $i riempirono dell'acqua
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1888 del Teuere nell'ultimo $uo diluuio: ne da indi in qua per molto tem
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1889 po $i &egrave; mai piu ueduto in Italia. Ho pero inte$o, che l'Illu$tri$$imo
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1890 Sig. Ve$pa$iano Gonzaga ne fece portare a gli anni pa$$ati uno di
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1891 Alamagna, fatto di fuora alla $embian</I>z<I>a della Chiocciola figura-
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1892 ta $ra le machine di Flauio Vegetio. Et io nel verno pa$$ato alla
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1893 Giudecca in Venetia ne uidi $ei belli$$imi accoppiati, &amp; ri</I>zz<I>ati in
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1894 uno edificio di grandi$$ima $pe$a; apparecchiato per uolere fare un
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1895 molino da acqua in quella Citt&agrave;, che n'ha ine$timabile bi$ogno, da
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1896 un Me$$er Ale$$andro Bologne$e; huomo, come io conobbi poi, a$-
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1897 $ai giudicio$o, d'a$$ai buone lettere; &amp; che non $olamente opera
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1898 bene nell'arte del di$egno, &amp; del toccar di penna; ma anco ad imi-
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1899 tatione d'. Archimede, lauora con le proprie mani eccellentemente
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1900 in que$te fabriche mecanice. Ma que$to ordigno co$i formato, ben-
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1901 che $chi$$i molte delle imperfettioni dette, manca pero in quello, che
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1902 importa $opra ogni altra co$a; cio&egrave;, nella quantit&agrave; dell'acqua: per
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1903 cioche con un canale $i stretto, &amp; picciolo pochi$$ima acqua $i puo
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1904 leuare; &amp; quella poi rie$ce tanto di rado, che in ogni giro non
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1905 sbocca $e non per la quinta, o quarta parte del tempo, che ui corre
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1906 a compirlo. $en</I>z<I>a che $i $pe$$i $ono li riuolgimenti del canale, che
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1907 anco con que$ta poca acqua $i fa il pendio di dentro maggiore, &amp;
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1908 molto piu di$$icile. Et $e $i uole$$e fare il uerme piu alto, cio&egrave;, in
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1909 gro$$e</I>zz<I>a dell'in$tromento, per hauer piu acqua, la fatica $arebbe
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1910 anco maggiore: perche cre$cerebbe il pendio in lunghe</I>zz<I>a in$ieme
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1911 con l'accre$cimento del pe$o dell'acqua, facendo$i anco piu lontano
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1912 dal centro. Io stimo che que$to ualent'huomo $pera$$e, per la ue-
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1913 locit&agrave; del moto, che haueua ordinato con una ruota di piu di cento
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1914 denti, che era per uoltare le rocchette di circa dodici fu$a fi$$e ne'
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1915 perni di $opra delle chiocciole, di $upplire al difetto del canale pic-
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1916 ciolo, &amp; dello $patio per tanto tempo trala$ciato del cor$o dell'ac-</I>
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1917 <foot><I>C</I></foot>
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1918 <p n=>34</p>
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1919 <I>qua; accioche quello, che non poteua fare con la quantit&agrave; di lei
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1920 chiu$a nel canale, face$$e con la pre$te</I>zz<I>a del farla entrare, &amp; u$ci
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1921 re: a $omiglian</I>z<I>a del no$tro pol$o, il quale quando non puo tirare
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1922 a$$ai aere per e$$ere poco eleuato, $i s$or</I>z<I>a almeno di farlo con mo-
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1923 uer$i con piu frequen</I>z<I>a, &amp; maggiore uelocit&agrave;. La quale imagi-
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1924 natione, in$ieme con altre tali, $e fia riu$cibile nell'opere mecanice,
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1925 oue i motori non $ono potenti$$imi, &amp; $i mantengono con graui$$i-
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1926 ma $pe$a; quelli lo uedranno, che con qualche attentione leggeran-
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1927 no il $econdo di$cor$o. ba$ti per hora l'hauere accennato, che il ue-
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1928 dere come que$to i$tromento al</I>z<I>a qua$i tanto, quanto &egrave; lungo, non
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1929 debbe allettare alcuno a $eruir$ene in opere, oue $i ricerchi gran
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1930 copia d'acqua: tanto piu, che come $i uedr&agrave; nel ter</I>z<I>o di$cor$o, for-
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1931 mandolo al modo, che diremo hor'hora, $i puo $ituare in modo che
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1932 anco girato da una statera, tirata da un cauallo; benche non $ia
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1933 eleuato piu che delle cinque parti le tre, non $ar&agrave; huopo che il rag-
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1934 gio del timpano dentato $ia molto lungo; &amp; in tal gui$a ne $eguir&agrave;
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1935 molto maggior copia d'acqua alla mede$ima alte</I>zz<I>a, con moto a$-
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1936 $ai ueloce, &amp; con piu leggiera fatica.</I>
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1937 <p><I>Pappo, &amp; Dioni$odoro; quello nel trattato de gli i$tromenti me-
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1938 canici, &amp; que$ti in certi pe</I>zz<I>ami d'un'opera di $imile materia, di
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1939 cui non $i legge il titolo, e$$endoui re$tato $olamente il nome dell'
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1940 autore; con facili$$ima breuit&agrave; mo$trano la uera, &amp; piu utile uia
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parents:
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1941 di fabricare la Chiocciola. Piglia (dice Pappo) un $o$tegno, che
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parents:
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1942 non $i pieghi, tornito a $e$ta; lungo, &amp; alto quanto ba$ter&agrave; a tira-
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parents:
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1943 re duoi canali di $pire equidi$tanti, capaci di tanta quantit&agrave; d'ac-
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parents:
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1944 qua quanta potr&agrave; e$$ere mo$$a dal motore, che hai ordinato, all'al-
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1945 te</I>zz<I>a, che ti fa bi$ogno. Vi aggiunge Dioni$odoro, che l'eleua-
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parents:
diff changeset
1946 tione $i far&agrave; $econdo la ragione del pendio de'uermi a ri$petto di lei.
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parents:
diff changeset
1947 Dio buono con quanta breuit&agrave;, &amp; chiare</I>zz<I>a, hanno que$li duoi
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parents:
diff changeset
1948 ualenti Greci compre$o tutto il magi$tero di $i utile i$tromento?
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parents:
diff changeset
1949 Dicono, che il $o$tegno $i faccia lungo quanto bi$ogna, purche non
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parents:
diff changeset
1950 $i pieghi, non hauendo riguardo alla gro$$e</I>zz<I>a: perche la lunghe</I>z
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parents:
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1951 z<I>a di que$to i$tromento, $e non $i piegher&agrave;, potr&agrave; e$$ere tirata in
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parents:
diff changeset
1952 infinito. Ne mi $ono mai potuto imaginare, che co$a ragioneuol-
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parents:
diff changeset
1953 mente pen$ata $pinge$$e Vitruuio a $criuere quel precetto, cagione
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parents:
diff changeset
1954 di tanta imperfettione: non fu perche egli haue$$e dubbio, che la
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parents:
diff changeset
1955 lunghe</I>zz<I>a maggiore della decima $e$ta parte, non fu$$e per reggere</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
1956 <p n=>35</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
1957 <I>rettamente al pe$o, uedendo$i il contrario per e$perien</I>z<I>a. non $u
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parents:
diff changeset
1958 perche la lunghe</I>zz<I>a maggiore fu$$e atta ad impedire la $alita dell'
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parents:
diff changeset
1959 acqua, po$cia che in ogni punto di tale i$tromento $i po$$a comin-
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parents:
diff changeset
1960 ciare, &amp; finire il moto; &amp; per l'i$te$$a ragione po$$a $eguire a qua-
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parents:
diff changeset
1961 lunque alte</I>zz<I>a egli $egue dentro alla mi$ura di Vitruuio. non fu
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parents:
diff changeset
1962 per che il motore non fu$$e per hauer $or</I>z<I>a, $e $i face$$e piu lungo,
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parents:
diff changeset
1963 &amp; haue$$e tuttauia l'anima gro$$a $econdo que$ta mi$ura: perche
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parents:
diff changeset
1964 egli non determina la for</I>z<I>a del motore, ne il numero de gli huomi-
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parents:
diff changeset
1965 ni, che l'hanno a mouere: &amp; per l'oppo$to &egrave; fal$o, che facendo$i
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parents:
diff changeset
1966 un'anima $ottile, come di due, o tre oncie; ogni fanciullo non fu$$e
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parents:
diff changeset
1967 atto a mouerla a$$ai piu lunga, che con que$ta $immetria. Perche
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parents:
diff changeset
1968 fu adunque? Io stimo, che quello Scrittore per altro marauiglio-
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parents:
diff changeset
1969 $o, face$$e in que$to cio che ha fatto in molte altre co$e, &amp; cio che
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parents:
diff changeset
1970 fanno anco hoggid&igrave; molti altri. &amp; che uedendo alcune fabriche
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parents:
diff changeset
1971 approuate dal tempo, &amp; dall'u$o; $en</I>z<I>a cercarne $ottilmente la
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parents:
diff changeset
1972 cagione, de$criuono le mi$ure loro come norme di tutte l'altre; &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
1973 co$i non la$ciano il modo di potere uariare $econdo l'occa$ioni. Se
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parents:
diff changeset
1974 la colonna dorica, poniamo ca$o, $i far&agrave; di marmo, o di pietra du-
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parents:
diff changeset
1975 ra, con la mi$ura di Vitruuio; non $i d&egrave; a$$ermare, che non $ar&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
1976 buona; che per tale molte uolte nelle fabriche qua$i eterne l'ha mo
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parents:
diff changeset
1977 $trato la proua. ma s'ella per la grande</I>zz<I>a, &amp; alte</I>zz<I>a della fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
1978 hrica ha da e$$ere in modo, che o la pietra non ui $ia, o non ui $ia al
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parents:
diff changeset
1979 propo$ito, haura$$i a stabilire di mattoni, o d'altra materia men
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parents:
diff changeset
1980 forte, con l'i$te$$a $immetria? Il $imile dico di molte altre co$e, che
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parents:
diff changeset
1981 po$$ono oppor$i. Quindi &egrave; nato, che molti de i piu eccellenti archi-
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parents:
diff changeset
1982 tetti d'hoggid&igrave;, con$iderate bene le ragioni, &amp; le circo$tan</I>z<I>e tutte
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parents:
diff changeset
1983 delle fabriche, che hanno a di$egnare, s'allontanano molte uolte
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parents:
diff changeset
1984 da i precetti di que$to autore. ne $anno, $econdo la per$ua$ione di
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parents:
diff changeset
1985 alcuni altri, che a gui$a di Medici empirici, u$ano gli i$te$$i rime-
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parents:
diff changeset
1986 di in diuer$e et&agrave;, diuer$i temperamenti, diuer$e regioni, diuer$i
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parents:
diff changeset
1987 membri, &amp; for$e anco diuer$e cagioni d'una i$te$$a infirmit&agrave;. Vi-
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parents:
diff changeset
1988 truuio, s'io non m'inganno, uide una Chiocciola con le mi$ure
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parents:
diff changeset
1989 $critte da lui, fare ottimo effetto nella quantit&agrave; dell'acqua; ma che
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parents:
diff changeset
1990 al</I>z<I>aua poco, perche for$e il bi$ogno, quando $i fabric&ograve;, con buona
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parents:
diff changeset
1991 ragione, non ne uoleua piu; &amp; $en</I>z<I>a rintracciare, od almeno in-
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parents:
diff changeset
1992 $egnare altra cagione, $cri$$e i precetti, $econdo la mi$ura di quella
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parents:
diff changeset
1993 aggiung endoui, che al</I>z<I>aua poco.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
1994 <foot><I>C</I> 2</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
1995 <p n=>36</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
1996 <p><I>Si puo adunque fare il $oftegno lungo, &amp; $ottile quanto $i uuole:
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parents:
diff changeset
1997 si po$$ono tirare i canali equidi$tanti larghi, stretti, &amp; alti quan-
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parents:
diff changeset
1998 to $i uuole: ma bi$ogna che tutte que$te co$e $ieno proportionate
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parents:
diff changeset
1999 alla forza del motore, &amp; all'altezza, che $i ricerca. ilche a che
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parents:
diff changeset
2000 con$idera la ragione $ouradetta della cagione della cleuatione, per
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parents:
diff changeset
2001 cui l'acqua pogg ia in alto (io n&oacute; replicher&ograve; fuor di propo$ito le co$e
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parents:
diff changeset
2002 gia dichiarate) non $ar&agrave; molto difficile, o trauaglio$o ad intender-
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parents:
diff changeset
2003 $i. ma per porlo in e$$ecutione, &amp; fermare $icuramente con l'e$pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
2004 rienza l'e$$etto guidato dalla ragione &egrave; stato nece$$ario farne mol-
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parents:
diff changeset
2005 ti modelli piccioli, et grandi; hor con una gro$$ezza, &amp; lunghez-
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parents:
diff changeset
2006 za d'anima; &amp; hor con una lunghezza, et altezza de'canali, hor
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parents:
diff changeset
2007 con un'altra per poter proportionare il tutto al motore, &amp; all'or-
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parents:
diff changeset
2008 gano $uo. Alla perfine &egrave; conchiu$o, che l'anima $ia tredici braccia
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parents:
diff changeset
2009 lunga, &amp; gro$$a quattr'oncie. che e$$endo d'abete, legname di for-
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parents:
diff changeset
2010 ti$$imo nerbo, in tal mi$ura non $i piegher&agrave;, &amp; $ar&agrave; leggieri$$ima.
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parents:
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2011 Li canali larghi $ei oncie, alti due oncie, o poco piu: tirati con uer
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parents:
diff changeset
2012 mi di $alice: inchiodati c&oacute; piccioli chiodi l'un $opra l'altro; perche
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parents:
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2013 null'altro legno $eruirebbe alle pieghe delle $pire: &amp; e$$endo im-
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parents:
diff changeset
2014 pecciato dura, &amp; re$i$te lungamente all'acqua. La coperta pari-
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parents:
diff changeset
2015 mente $ia d'abete, inchiodata $u i uermi, impecciata dentro, &amp; di
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2016 fuora, &amp; bene ri$tretta con certe coreggie di ferro arti$icio$e, che
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2017 non accade a de$criuere, potendo$i uedere in opera. Co$i formata
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parents:
diff changeset
2018 stara' na$c o$ta con tutta la bocca un braccio $otto l'acqua. Il re$to
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2019 $ar&agrave; dodici braccia, che alzano, &amp; leuandola delle cinque parti le
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parents:
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2020 tre, $ette braccia, &amp; tre oncie, &egrave; poco piu di meza. Et perche il
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parents:
diff changeset
2021 pendio re$ta di duoi quinti per ogni $ei oncie, che $ono quarantotto
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parents:
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2022 quinti, cio&egrave;, noue oncie, &amp; tre quinti; $i puo alzare piu delle cin-
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parents:
diff changeset
2023 que parti le tre; &amp; fare che l'eleuatione, fuora della $uperficie de
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diff changeset
2024 l'acqua, $ia almeno $ette braccia, &amp; mezo. a que$ta foggia l'ac-
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diff changeset
2025 qua, per e$$ere il canale doppio, $ar&agrave; dodici oncie di fuora, &amp; di
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diff changeset
2026 dentro, $econdo la mi$ura Piacentina; con cor$o di pendio di circa
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diff changeset
2027 noue oncie: o facendo l'eleuatione nel $econdo modo di circa $ei on-
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diff changeset
2028 cie, in lunghezza di circa diciotto braccia, per li riuolgimenti de'
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diff changeset
2029 uermi: il quale pendio, come diremo nel terzo di$cor$o, &egrave; molto
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diff changeset
2030 maggiore dell'ordinario, &amp; mena a$$ai piu acqua del $olito.</I>
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diff changeset
2031 <p><I>Dalle ragioni dette auiene, che quando $i ferma que$to i$trom&eacute;-
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diff changeset
2032 to, ancor ch'egli $ia $ituato obliquamente col $uo giu$to pendio,</I>
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diff changeset
2033 <p n=>37</p>
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diff changeset
2034 <I>l'acqua $i troua nondimeno e$$ere fermata alla liuella, ne mai pure
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diff changeset
2035 una gocciola ne torna in dietro per l'inchinamento $uo alla bocca
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diff changeset
2036 di $otto, $e bene $empre re$ta aperta: auenga che tornandone, $ali-
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diff changeset
2037 rebbe in alto $enza arti$icio alcuno. Si uede ancora qualmente con
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diff changeset
2038 i$traordinaria indu$tria (in cio &egrave; la forza di que$to marauiglio$o
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diff changeset
2039 magi$tero) s'auanza piu di cinque $e$ti del pendio in fare a$cende-
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diff changeset
2040 re a qualunque altezza $i uoglia, grandi$$ma quantit&agrave; d'acqua;
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2041 perche con poco piu di noue oncie di pendio, &amp; con manco a chi fa-
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diff changeset
2042 r&agrave; come poco ha habbiamo detto, l'acqua $i trouer&agrave; montata circa
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diff changeset
2043 $ette braccia, &amp; mezo. il che non occorre, ne puo occorrere, in
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2044 qualunque altra machina: e$$endo nece$$ario in qual che $ia, fuor
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diff changeset
2045 di que$ta, che per tanta decaduta $i alzi l'acqua per quanta $i uuo-
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diff changeset
2046 le che $aglia. Tale Chiocciola ha la ragione de gli. Alamani, di
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2047 fare il pe$o uicino al centro quanto ha potuto tolerare la proportio
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2048 ne dell'altre co$e: cio&egrave;, leuando a quanta altezza, &amp; quanta co-
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diff changeset
2049 pia d'acqua po$$a e$$ere leuata dalla forza d'un'huomo di mediocre
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diff changeset
2050 lena, che habbia a durare, col mezo dell'organo, di cui $i dir&agrave; fra
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diff changeset
2051 poco. &amp; &egrave; $i compa$$ata la quantit&agrave; con l'eleuatione, &amp; con la for
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diff changeset
2052 za del motore, che, come io credo, nulla piu ui $i potr&agrave; aggiungere
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2053 per cauar l'acqua a maggiore altezza, che $i po$$a. che quando
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2054 cio non fu$$e, $i potrebbe formare piu corta, &amp; piu gro$$a; $i che
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parents:
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2055 cauerebbe tanto piu acqua. Et per dare una $omiglianza di $og-
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diff changeset
2056 getto a$$ai piu noto ad alcuni, li Medici anc'e$$i $ono sforzati a di-
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diff changeset
2057 $correre nel mede$imo modo di proportioni. Le infermit&agrave;, con le
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diff changeset
2058 $ue cagioni, &amp; l'altre co$e; oltra gli accidenti appartenenti a lei;
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diff changeset
2059 $ono come il pe$o: il calore naturale, &amp; le potenze dell'anima $ono
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diff changeset
2060 $imili al motore: li medicamenti, &amp; la ragione del uiuere s'ap-
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diff changeset
2061 pareggiano all'organo del moto. Quando que$te co$e hanno pro-
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diff changeset
2062 portione infra di loro, il Medico con$egui$$e il fine de$iderato,
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2063 all'oppo$to, $e od il calore &egrave; piu debole, che non conuiene, o l'in$ir-
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parents:
diff changeset
2064 mit&agrave; troppo graue; o gli stromenti del uitto, &amp; de'medicamenti
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2065 non hanno i gradi, &amp; le conditioni, che loro s'appertengono, $i
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diff changeset
2066 grande &egrave; il ualore delle proportioni, che $ini$tro &egrave; $empre l'effetto,
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2067 che ne rie$ce. Vi &egrave; pero gran differenza in altro infra di loro: per
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2068 che l'opere mathematice, oltra le certi$$ime $ue dimo$trationi, $e
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2069 o per la materia, o per li gradi delle co$e, o per lo concor$o di mol-
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parents:
diff changeset
2070 te, &amp; talhora contrarie cagioni, hanno qualche impedimento, $i</I>
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2071 <foot><I>C</I> 3</foot>
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2072 <p n=>38</p>
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parents:
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2073 <I>po$$ono $coprire, &amp; a$$icurare col $en$o: &amp; una fiata, che $ieno ca-
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parents:
diff changeset
2074 duto bene, $empre che $i $eruer&agrave; il mede$imo ordine, $aranno il me
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2075 de$imo: e$$endo che $empre po$$ono concorrere le mede$ime co$e.
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parents:
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2076 Non &egrave; co$i nelle medicinali, oue oltra che le ragioni per la mag-
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parents:
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2077 gior parte $ono artificio$amente congietturali; &amp; non $ono i $uoi
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parents:
diff changeset
2078 gradi, &amp; le $ue cagioni co$i apertamente cono$ciute dal $en$o; di
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parents:
diff changeset
2079 rado &egrave; che non $i uarijno in tante maniere, quanti $ono i $oggetti
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2080 in$ieme con le circo$tanze loro. ne una e$perienza fatta bene una
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parents:
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2081 uolta, $eruir&agrave; con quelli i$te$$i mezi$icuramente, &amp; con giu$ta pro
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parents:
diff changeset
2082 portione per alcun'altra: anzi qua$i $empre, $e non $i mutano infi-
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parents:
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2083 niti auertimenti, re$ter&agrave; nell'altre occa$ioni del tutto fallace.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2084 <p><I>Ora che di$corro io con la mi$ura delle proportioni $opra la for-
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parents:
diff changeset
2085 za dell'utili$$imo artificio della Chiocciola, $e $i uede apertamente,
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parents:
diff changeset
2086 che il mouimento delle $pire, con le quali ella &egrave; compo$ta, ageuola
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parents:
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2087 la $alita a qua$i tutte le co$e co$i naturali, come artificiali? Il Sole
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parents:
diff changeset
2088 col moto delle $pire, mouendo$i ogni giorno un grado per l'obliquit&agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
2089 del Zodiaco; hor s'auicina, hor s'allontana da no$tri capi: &amp; in
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parents:
diff changeset
2090 tal gui$a arrecandoci diuer$e mutationi ne'quattro tempi dell'an-
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parents:
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2091 no, &egrave; cagione, che tutte quelle $pire co$pirino alla con$eruatione di
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2092 que$ti corpi inferiori. di $pire altre$i &egrave; il moto della Luna, &amp; di
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diff changeset
2093 tutte l'altre stelle fi$$e, &amp; erranti: qua$i null'altro mouimento nelle
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2094 loro sfere fu$$e piu atto a partorire la lontananza della loro cadu-
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2095 ta, &amp; il uicinato della loro $alita appo diuer$e nationi; che il pog-
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parents:
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2096 giare, &amp; lo $cendere col uiaggio delle $pire. ne altro fra'corpi
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2097 cele$ti fu il moto Lenlab del grandi$$imo Hiparco, il qual moto
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2098 molto &egrave; celebrato dal $ottile Auerrois, per i$chifare i giri c&oacute;trari,
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2099 &amp; gli Epicidi nelle sfere; che la potenza, &amp; il concor$o de'circoli.
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2100 Onde l'huomo qua$i mondo picciolo, et in$ieme con lui la maggior
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2101 parte de gli animali meno perfetti, non $olamente ne'riuolgimenti
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2102 delle budella; ma anco nelle fila di molte altre parti, per le quali
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2103 montano, &amp; $cendono gli humori; ci mo$trano la gran commodit&agrave;
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2104 del tratto delle $pire: di cui hora, accio ch'io non incorra in troppo
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2105 affettata o$tentatione di dottrina medicinale, non &egrave; bene, che $e ne
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2106 ine$tino piu lunghi $ermoni. ba$ti dire, che gli i$te$$i animali nella
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2107 $alita di qualche monte, o d'altro pendio, con appetito ueramente
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2108 $ano, eleggono il camino delle $pire, come meno fatico$o, piu pre$to
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2109 che alcuno de gli altri. Se i $erpenti hanno a $alire alla cima d'un'</I>
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2110 <p n=>39</p>
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2111 <I>albero, qual moto in$egna loro l'i$tinto $uo piu facile, che lo $pirale?
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2112 non s'aiutano a$$ai con l'ageuolezza di lui, il Nibbio, lo Sparuie-
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2113 re, l'Aquila, il Falcone, &amp; altri augelli mentre $eguendo l'appe-
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2114 tito naturale piace loro di uolare a$$ai in alto? Che piu? le piante,
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2115 che (come dicono i Filo$ofi) non hanno moto progre$$iuo, quando
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2116 non $ia conce$$a loro forza di leuar$i da $e ste$$e uer$o il cielo, &amp;
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2117 habbiano uicino un'albero, o qual $i uoglia appoggio fermo, non
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2118 con altra norma $ono ammae$trate nell'a$cendere dalla $agace na-
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2119 tura, che con l'accre$cimento delle $pire. &amp; quindi la uite, l'hel-
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2120 lera, la zucca, il lupilo, &amp; altre $imili piante, $i sforzano con
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2121 que$te $pire d'abbracciare il $o$tegno $uo, &amp; co$i piu facilmente
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2122 giungere alla fine dell'erto camino incominciato. La$cio gli ritro-
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2123 uati de gli huomini, po$cia che tutti pendono dalle cagioni $oura-
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2124 dette formate tutta uia, &amp; inte$e per l'e$$empio dell'opere della
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2125 madre natura: percioche da que$te conobbero Archimede, &amp; gli
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2126 altri, che quanto piu la $alita de'corpi graui fu$$e uicina alla per-
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2127 pendicolare, tanto piu $arebbe fatico$a; &amp; che ni$$un corpo era
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2128 piu atto ad hauerla meno perpendicolare, che il $o$tegno rotondo
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2129 col uiaggio delle $pire.</I>
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2130 <p><I>Accettiamo adunque la Chiocciola formata nel modo mo$trato
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2131 di $opra, per uno i$tromento, in cui conuengono tutte le cagioni,
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2132 per le quali contra l'ordine naturale, $i puo dare il moto uer$o il
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2133 cielo a'corpi liquidi, &amp; graui: facendo che l'altezza delle $ei par-
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2134 ti, non affatichi $e non per una: percioche oltra la ragione della
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2135 $pire, tirate ad imitatione della natura, ha di piu l'artificio della
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2136 $immetria dell'inchinamento, che $opra ogni credenza de'uolgari,
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2137 rende leggiero il pondo, &amp; il giro dal motore; il quale ageuoli$$i-
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2138 mamente le d&agrave; (per co$i dire) molto forte impul$ione. Ma tempo
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2139 &egrave; hormai che per farlo anco piu facile, $i di$corra alquanto $opra
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2140 l'organo di lui: ilche con quella maggiore breuit&agrave;, &amp; chiarezza,
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2141 che $ar&agrave; po$$ibile u$are in tal materia, $i far&agrave; nel $eguente di$cor$o.</I>
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2142 <HEAD><I>IL FINE.</I></HEAD>
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2143 <foot><I>C</I> 4</foot>
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2144 <p n=>40</p>
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2145 <HEAD>DE TRE DISCORSI SOPRA</HEAD>
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2146 <HEAD>IL MODO D'ALZAR ACQVE
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2147 DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</HEAD>
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2148 <fig>
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2149 <HEAD><I>DISCORSO SECONDO.</I></HEAD>
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2150 <p>S<I>I</I> GRANDE <I>&egrave; la potenza del moto
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2151 locale, che qua$i tutte le $o$tanze, &amp;
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2152 l'opere della natura, &amp; de gli huomi-
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2153 ni o $i cono$cono, o $i conducono a fine
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2154 col mezo $uo. Il moto retto, &amp; il cir-
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2155 colare ci $coprono le forme de gli ele-
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2156 menti, &amp; de'cieli; &amp; ni$$una opera-
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2157 tione de'corpi naturali rie$ce qua giu,
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2158 di cui non $ia mezo, come d'uniuer$al
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2159 cagione, il mouimento delle stelle; &amp; come di piu uicina, le tra$inu
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2160 tationi della luna: fra le quali, $e uero &egrave; cio che in$egna Ari$totele,
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2161 $empre precede il moto locale. Ma quanto piu que$to moto $ar&agrave;
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2162 ueloce, &amp; gagliardo; tanto piu gli effetti, &amp; l'opere della natura
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2163 $aranno potenti, &amp; facili: il che $i uede nel cor$o de'Pianeti, &amp; di
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2164 tuttele stelle; nell'e$$alati one de'uenti, ne'terremoti, nelle procelle
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2165 del mare, ne i tuoni, ne i baleni, &amp; $pecialmente nel grande artifi-
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2166 cio, che ha u$ato la madre natura, formando $i belli, &amp; diuer$i
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2167 organi del moto ne gli animali, &amp; dando loro la facult&agrave; dell'ani-
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2168 ma motrice piu gagliarda, che $ia stato po$$ibile al grado della
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2169 perfettione delle forme loro. onde quelli ammali, che $ono di mag-
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2170 giori for</I>z<I>e in que$ta facult&agrave;, $ono a$$ai piu pre</I>zz<I>ati, &amp; temuti da
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2171 gli altri del $uo genere: &amp; fra quelli gli huomini da gli huomini
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2172 i$te$$i. tali $ono fra gli animali di ter ra, l'elefante, il leone, il ca-
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2173 uallo, il toro: fra gli augelli il griffo, l'aquila, il falcone: fra'$er-
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2174 penti li dragoni: &amp; fra pe$ci molti, de'quali hora non importa ra$-
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2175 $egnarne il nome. L'huomo cono$ce ndo que$to, con l'aiuto del di-
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2176 $cor$o, che a lui &egrave; stato conce$$o in uece di tutte quelle parti, nelle</I>
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2177 <p n=>41</p>
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2178 <I>quali egli cede a gli altri animali, &amp; gli altri corpi inferiori; con-
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2179 tra l'impeto loro ha oppo$to le ca$e, le fortezze, l'armature; &amp; ha
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2180 anco procacciato d'hauere moti gagliardi$$imi in $uo fauore, o per
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2181 di$ender$i da altri, o per $oggiogare $otto l'imperio $uo chi piu egli
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2182 $i $ar&agrave; per$ua$o, che $ia bene: <*>peroche gli e$$erciti, che $ono com
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2183 po$ti d'huomini, di caualli, di elefanti, di $aette, d'armi in ha$ta,
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2184 d'archibu$i, di bombarde, &amp; di tanti altri i$trementi, non $ono
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2185 altro, che un'unione di co$e, atta a partorire gagliardi$$imo moto
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2186 locale: ne con altro me</I>z<I>o, che con que$to, ognuna di loro &egrave; guida-
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2187 ta all'opera del $uo fine. Per l'i$te$$a cagione l'armate di mare, c&oacute;
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2188 la figura bene, &amp; mathematicamente proportionata de'lor legni;
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2189 con l'albero, &amp; le uele, co'remi, col timone, &amp; con gli altri i$tro-
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2190 menti, in niente altro piu uagliono, che nell'impeto del mouimento
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2191 loro. per la qual co$a non &egrave; marauiglia $e tutti gli huomini $aui, et
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2192 $pecialmente i Signori, in ogni et&agrave; hanno hauuto cari$$ani i ritro-
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2193 uati di $imili impetuo$i, &amp; $oprahumani i$tromenti: &amp; $e diuer$i
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2194 acuti Filo$ofi $i $ono affaticati per $aperne le ragioni, &amp; porle in
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2195 opera con utili$$ime e$perienze: percioche uennero que$ti ualenti
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2196 huomini a tal $egno, che moltiplicando con diuer$i mezi la forza
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2197 d'un $olo, o di pochi huomini qua$i in in$inito, faceuano opere ma-
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2198 rauiglio$e; hora alzando corpi di $imi$urata grauezza molto in
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2199 alto, hora trahendoli in piano, &amp; hora $uellendo materie duri$$i-
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2200 me, &amp; forti$$imamente stabilite; &amp; hora oprando in altra ma-
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diff changeset
2201 niera, che molte co$e $i piega$$ero, uolge$$ero, &amp; $pinge$$ero, che
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2202 ordinariamente con $oprahumana fatica non $i $arebbeno potuto
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diff changeset
2203 mouere. Fra que$ti, come ognuno $a, fu eccellenti$$imo. Archime
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diff changeset
2204 de Siracu$ano, di cui $i legge, che con gli artificij $uoi moueua una
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2205 naue da carico per una piazza, come $i $uol tirare un cauallo per
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2206 la briglia: &amp; $i $a, che il gran Marcello nell'e$pugnatione di Sira-
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diff changeset
2207 co$a, riceu&egrave; piu danno dalle machine di lui uoltate da pochi$$imi
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2208 huomini, che da tutto il numero del re$to de'$oldati, che era po$to
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diff changeset
2209 per dife$a, &amp; pre$idio di quella citt&agrave;. Et perche la$ciarono quei
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2210 ualent'huomini in i$critti le ragioni della $cienza dell'opere $ue,
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2211 &egrave; auenuto, che anco dopo loro $ucce$$iuamente di tempo in tempo,
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diff changeset
2212 $i $ieno ueduti auenimenti qua$i $opranaturali, co$i ne'ritrouati di
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2213 diuer$e machine appertenti a qua$i infiniti u$i, come ne gli effetti
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2214 lungamente rima$i a notitia di chi gli ha uoluto uedere. Chi non</I>
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2215 <p n=>42</p>
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2216 <I>&egrave; sforzato (per darne qualche manife$to e$lempio) a dare fede a $i
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2217 utile mae$tria, uedendo il grandi$$imo $a$$o dell'obeli$co detto la
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diff changeset
2218 Guglia, inalzato prima $u l'alti$$ime Piramidi d'Egitto, &amp; poi
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2219 abba$$ato, &amp; tra$portato dall'Egitto a Roma? Chi non $i maraui-
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diff changeset
2220 glia dell'e$perienza, che uede, &amp; tocca riu$cita a'tempi piu nuoui,
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2221 con$iderando, &amp; mi$urando la pietra tutta d'un pezzo, po$ta per
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2222 cupola, &amp; coperchio non $olamente del uacuo, ma anco della gro$-
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2223 $ima muraglia della gran mole chiamata la Rotonda di Rauenna?
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diff changeset
2224 Quindi hebbero origine gli artificij del mouere $u i Perni, $u i Ro-
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diff changeset
2225 toli, &amp; conle Trocchie. quindi $i cagionarono le ragioni delle
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2226 statere di qua$i innumer abili $orti di martinette, di molte uiti per-
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2227 petue, &amp; tiratori di metalli: di uarie ruote, che $i chiamano De-
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2228 ambulatorie; perche dentro, o $opra di loro ui camina qualche
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2229 corpo mobile: delle ruote delle Carrette, delle Girelle, di diuer$e
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2230 forme d'Argani, delle Lieue, delle Tanaglie, del Timone, de gli
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diff changeset
2231 Alberi, et de'Remi delle naui, &amp; di tanti altri i$tromenti, de'quali
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2232 non $olo ragiona Ari$totele nelle $ue qui$tioni mecanice, come di
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2233 co$e miracolo$e appre$$o de gli huomini, che n&oacute; $ono $cientiati; ma
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2234 dopo lui Archimede in alcuni luoghi, &amp; Herone, con molti altri
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2235 eccellenti Scrittori co$i greei come latini. Li quali i$tromenti, con
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2236 chiara e$perienza $i prouano hauere ine$timabile forza, dalli mol-
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2237 ti effetti, che ancora in que$ti tempi ne $eguono, quando talhora
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2238 i Capitani piu indu$trio$i o $pingono, &amp; leuano facilmente ponti
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2239 mobili di $mi$urato pe$o, $opra qualche acqua, od altezza di mu-
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2240 raglia; o cacciano machine grandi$$ime, &amp; graui$$ime oue piu lor
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parents:
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2241 piace con facilit&agrave; non pen$ata; o $uellono, &amp; rompono ferri forti$-
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parents:
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2242 $imi; &amp; altre materie duri$$ime oltra al credere d'ognuno, che n&oacute;
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2243 n'ha ui$ta l'e$perienza, od inte$a la ragioue. La$cio la trauaglia-
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2244 ta, &amp; moderna inuentione di leuare le gro$$e naui $ommer$e, tutte
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2245 intiere dal $ondo del mare, $olamente con la proportione della na-
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parents:
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2246 turale leggierezza dell'aere, alla grauezza dell'acqua, &amp; della
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2247 terra: co$a in uero molto ragioneuole, di $ottili$$imo ingegno, &amp;
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parents:
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2248 di incomparabile utilit&agrave;; $e le ricchezze de gli huomini priuati
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parents:
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2249 regge$$ero alle molte $pe$e, che $arebbeno di me$tieri, quando fuor
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2250 de'modelli, nell'opere grandi, con molte e$perienze, per le quali
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parents:
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2251 ogni hora piu $i correggono gli errori, ella $i uole$$e alla perfine ti-
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2252 rare alla perfettione. La$cio anco molti altri ritrouati, che alla</I>
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2253 <p n=>43</p>
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2254 <I>giornata $i $coprono; fra quali &egrave; la terribili$$ima uiolenza delle
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parents:
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2255 mine: percioche io di$egno quanto prima, &amp; con la chiarezza che
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parents:
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2256 $ar&agrave; po$$ibile di uenire alla ragione dell'organo della Chiocciola.</I>
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parents:
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2257 <p><I>Pareua adunque da principio, che la Chiocciola ancorche gro$-
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parents:
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2258 $a, &amp; lunga molto piu, ch'io non ho diui$ato di $opra, con l'aiuto
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2259 d'alcuno di que$ti i$tromenti, $i fu$$e potuto mouere ageuoli$$ima-
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parents:
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2260 mente da ogni mediocre motore: tanto piu mouendo$i di $otto $u la
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parents:
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2261 punta del perno, &amp; di $opra $ul perno fo$tenuto da non molto lungo
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parents:
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2262 cerchietto di bronzo: percioche &egrave; cono$ciuto, che quanto meno il
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parents:
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2263 pe$o tocca del corpo, in cui $i $o$tiene, tanto piu &egrave; facile a mouer$i.
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2264 Onde $oleua dire Archimede, che e$$endo il mondo di forma sfe-
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2265 rica, la quale non tocca il piano, $e non in un punto, po$to ch'egli
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2266 fu$$e $odo, &amp; ui $u$$e la $oglia dura $opra cui $i uolta$$e, $i $arebbe
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2267 potuto mouere con non molta fatica. Et $i ueggono le campane, co-
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2268 me che non habbiano l'equilibrio d'ogni intorno quale hanno le
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2269 ruote, mouer$i, &amp; girar$i con facilit&agrave; grandi$$ima da mediocre
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parents:
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2270 motore. ne per que$to ri$petto &egrave; appo de gli huomini intendenti
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2271 contra la ragione, che il gran Curione moue$$e $u i rotoli i duoi $uoi
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2272 grandi$$imi Teatri, dopo che erano finiti gli atti delle $cene, per
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2273 farne compiuto l'Anfiteatro: &amp; $e i grandi$$imi triangoli delle
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parents:
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2274 $cene antiche, $oura i quali in tre diuer$e faccie erano dipinte le
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2275 pro$pettiue delle</I> C<I>omedie, delle Tragedie, &amp; delle Satire in bre-
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2276 ui$$imo tempo da pochi huomini $i uoltauano $u i perni, &amp; $i adag-
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2277 giauano alla materia di quel poema, che allhora $i uoleua rappre-
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2278 $entare. Et in uero $e la Chiocciola fu$$e tutta $oda di marmo, o di
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2279 metallo; &amp; $i moue$$e $u le punte de'perni, con pochi$$ima forza
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parents:
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2280 $i potrebbe girare a$$ai uelocemente; pur che non haue$$e altro mo-
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2281 uimento di corpo graue dentro a $e ste$$a, contrario al giro del mo
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2282 tore di fuora. ma come habbiamo detto nel primo ragionamento,
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2283 l'acqua in quella a$cendendo, $cende per tanto pendio, quanto la
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2284 decaduta del uerme auanza l'eleuatione: &amp; percio &egrave; bi$ogno, che
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2285 ui $ia almeno tanta forza, che ba$ti a uincere la decaduta interna
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2286 di tutto quel pe$o. al quale il moto de'perni non gioua co$a alcu-
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2287 na; aiutando $olamente il giro del pe$o dell'i$tromento, $enza ri-
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2288 guardare la detta decaduta. nella qual co$a &egrave; facile il giudicare,
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2289 che $i $ieno ingannati coloro, che $eguendo le regole di Vitruuio in
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2290 formarlo, l'hanno fatto $i lungo, &amp; gro$$o, &amp; di capacit&agrave; di tanto</I>
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2291 <p n=>44</p>
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2292 <I>pe$o, che non l'hanno poi potuto $uperare nella $ua interiore deca-
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2293 duta, con lo i$tranio motore.</I>
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2294 <p><I>Fra gli i$tromenti motiui ni$$uno $arebbe $tato al propo$ito della
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2295 Chiocciola, $e non quelli che mouono in giro. le Trocchie, le Ta-
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2296 naglie, &amp; gli altri $imili, che $olamente $eruono al moto fatto per
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2297 linea retta, n&oacute; cadono $otto la pre$ente con$ider atione. &amp; $e bene
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2298 quelle machine, che mouono in giro, po$$ono anco mouere a linea
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2299 retta; come la martinett a lungo all'ha$ta dentata, &amp; alcune del-
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2300 l'altre ruote $ui $ubbio; non $ono pero per pigliar$i nell'occa$ione,
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2301 che ci s'appre$enta, $e non in quanto rendono il moto circolare.
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2302 Ora in tutte que$te $empre &egrave; auenuto, che quanto piu $i moltiplica
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2303 la forza, tanto piu $i ritarda la uelocit&agrave; del moto del pe$o. ne an-
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2304 cor s'&egrave; ui$to con ragione, od e$perienza alcuna, che po$$a stare in-
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2305 $ieme, che la forza nell'i$te$$o motore $ia a$$ai ingagliardita, &amp;
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2306 che la uelocit&agrave; $ia re$tata la mede$ima nel pe$o di lui: $e di tanto
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2307 alla proportione non cre$ce la uelocit&agrave;, che cagiona il moto, di qu&aacute;
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2308 to cre$ce la forza: ilche non puo auenire con l'i$te$$o motore, &amp;
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2309 $pecialmente in quelle ruote, che hanno il moto da'corpi animati,
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2310 per non e$$ere eglino potenti per mouere molto uelocemente. &amp; $e
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diff changeset
2311 per fare poche fu$a nelle rocchette, che mouono il pe$o, come $ono
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2312 quelle, che ruotano le macine; &amp; a$$ai denti ne'timpani, che uol-
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2313 tano le rocchette, $i far&agrave; il mouimento del pe$o ueloci$$imo; $ar&agrave;
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2314 nece$$ario di tanto accre$cere la forza, &amp; la uelocit&agrave; del primo mo
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2315 tore, di quanto $i far&agrave; piu ueloce il moto del pe$o. Habbia una
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2316 rocchetta, che uolga il pe$o, diece fu$a: habbia il timpano $uo al-
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2317 tri tanti denti: $ia mo$$a con una ruota maggiore fi$$a nel $ubbio
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2318 del timpano. $ar&agrave; mo$$a poniamo ca$o da duoi gradi di forza, con
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2319 duoi gradi di uelocit&agrave;, in uno i$te$$o giro: tuttauia maggiore $ar&agrave;
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2320 le uelocit&agrave; della circonferenza della ruota piu grande. &amp; per cio
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2321 $ar&agrave; bi$ogno, che il motore di quella parte $ia piu ueloce: &amp; la ue-
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2322 locit&agrave; $i fa per uno accre$cimento di forze: che $e il motore uolge
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2323 la ruota in tanto $patio di tempo con duoi gradi di uelocit&agrave;, non la
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2324 potr&agrave; mouere nella met&agrave; meno $patio, $e la forza non $i raddop-
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2325 pier&agrave;. aggiungan$i poi altri tanti denti nel timpano, co'quali il
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2326 pe$o faccia duoi giri, mentre che il timpano ne fa uno; allhora &egrave; ne
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2327 ce$$ario o che il moto nel pe$o $ia l'i$te$$o, &amp; quel dell'altre ruote
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2328 $i ritardi a$$ai, o ui s'aggiunga altra tanta forza, la quale $eru&aacute;do</I>
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2329 <p n=>45</p>
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2330 <I>l'i$te$$a uelocit&agrave;, che prima nel timpano, &amp; nella ruota maggiore,
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2331 oue &egrave; il motore, la raddoppi poi nel pe$o. co$i $i cono$ce, che la ue-
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2332 locit&agrave; $i cagiona con grandi$$imo aumento di forze; &amp; che, data
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2333 la parit&agrave; in iutte le co$e, quanto cre$ce la forza, tanto $cema la
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2334 zelocit&agrave; nel pe$o.</I>
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2335 <p><I>Imperoche que$ti effetti non accadono per altra cagione, che
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2336 per lo moto delle statere, nelle quali il pe$o, che $i trcua nel raggio
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2337 maggiore, quanto $ar&agrave; piu lontano dal centro, che lo $o$tiene, $em-
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2338 pre alla proportione $uperer&agrave; $econdo il $ito quello che $i troua nel
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2339 raggio minore. Ho detto $econdo il $ito, perche il cerchio, che fa
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2340 il pe$o nel maggiore, quanto $ar&agrave; piu lontano dal centro, occuper&agrave;
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2341 piu gran giro; &amp; la parte di lui in lunghezza di linea a quella che
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2342 fa il raggio minore, $ar&agrave; meno o bliqua, &amp; andr &agrave; piu rettamente
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2343 uer$o il centro del mondo: &amp; percio hauendo il pe$o qua$i $ito ret-
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2344 to, $ar&agrave; di tanto piu graue, quanto egli s'allontana dall'obliquit&agrave;
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2345 del minor giro del raggio piu breue. il mede$imo $i d&egrave; intendere
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2346 ne iraggi lunghi, che $i mouono a moto orizontale: come &egrave; $ouen-
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2347 te ne gli argani, nelle uiti, &amp; nelle martinette; nelle quali col pe$o
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2348 dell'i$te$$o raggio lungo $i moue il pe$o del raggio corto: ancor che
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2349 il moto di quello non $ia uer$o il centro della terra, ma piu pre$to
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2350 orizontale, &amp; talhora anco uer$o il cielo: peroche quando cio
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2351 auiene, non &egrave; mai col pe$o della grauezza naturale $olamente, la
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2352 quale $empre mira il centro del mondo, ma con la forza dell'anima
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2353 motrice, o di qualche altra co$a, che non $ia impetuo$a per lo pe$o
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2354 $olo. &amp; que$te tali non hanno per centro altro, che il centro $opra
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2355 cui $i moue il pe$o i$te$$o, $ia pure $ituato come $i uoglia: che $e piu
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2356 da que$to centro s'allontana un braccio, che l'altro; minor forza,
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2357 od impul$ione $i ricer ca a fare il giro; o uada uer$o il cielo, o come
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2358 uien meglio per lo fine propo$lo. auenga che il luogo a cui mira la
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2359 forza motrice, che non $ia naturale del pe$o, non &egrave; altro, che ogni
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2360 punto di tutto il cerchio intiero fatto d'un braccio lungo, il quale
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2361 punto $ia oppo$to per diametro a quello, in cui ella $i troua nell'atto
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2362 del mouere: talche a que$to modo in ogni $ito $eguir&agrave; la ragione de
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2363 la forza motrice, che $eguiua dal pe$o naturale nel $ito di fare il
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2364 cerchio uer$o il centro del mondo. Adunque il raggio lungo delle
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2365 statere con minor pe$o hauendo fatto aumento di forza per lo $ito,
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diff changeset
2366 mouer &agrave; il raggio piu breue con maggior pe$o, &amp; li cerchi d'ambi</I>
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2367 <p n=>46</p>
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diff changeset
2368 <I>duoi loro $i faranno in un'i$te$$o tempo; ma quello del maggiore $a-
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diff changeset
2369 r&agrave; piu ueloce, perche piu grande &egrave; lo $patio, che haur&agrave; a pa$$are.
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diff changeset
2370 Oltra cio, $e il braccio corto non haur&agrave; immediatamente il pe$o,
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diff changeset
2371 ma mouer&agrave; un'altro raggio lungo d'una'altra statera nel raggio
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diff changeset
2372 minore di cui $ia po$to il pe$o; allhora $ar&agrave; come $e fu$$e allungato
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2373 il raggio lungo alla prima statera. con tutto cio molto piu tardo
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diff changeset
2374 $ar&agrave; il mouimento del pe$o, &amp; $ar&agrave; bi$ogno, che il minor raggio
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2375 della prima statera $i riuolga molto piu d'una uolta, prima che il
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diff changeset
2376 $econdo habbia compito il $uo riuolgimento. onde moltiplicando$i
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diff changeset
2377 le statere, $empre piu $i uerrebbe ad allungare il raggio maggiore
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2378 della prima, &amp; ad accre$cere la forza del motore con l'i$te$$o dia-
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diff changeset
2379 metro del giro primiero, ritar dando$i pero $empre la uelocit&agrave; del
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diff changeset
2380 pe$o: peroche nelle statere moltiplicate a que$to modo &egrave; nece$$ario
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diff changeset
2381 che la prima $ia ruotata molte fiate auanti che l'ultima, oue &egrave; il pe-
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diff changeset
2382 $o, $i giri $olo una uolta. Da que$to na$ce, che gli argani, &amp; piu
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2383 le martinette, &amp; le uiti perpetue di molti ritegni, che $i chiamano
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diff changeset
2384 pani, $ono tardi$$ime nel moto; ne $ono utili oue $ia bi$ogno d'hone-
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diff changeset
2385 sta uelocit&agrave;. &egrave; uero, che oue conuengono, le uiti perpetue hanno
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2386 que$to uantaggio, che non la$ciano $correre il pe$o dal luogo a cui
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2387 l'hanno tirato una fiata, benche non ui $ia di nuouo altro $o$tegno:
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2388 il che non auiene ad alcuno de gli altri i$tromenti. Per lo contrario
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2389 $e i raggi uguali delle ruote moueranno raggi minori nel $ubbio de
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2390 l'altre ruote maggiori, procedendo con duoi, o tre ordini a que$to
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2391 modo; come $i puo uedere in tutti gli horiuoli da ruote, $i moltipli-
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2392 cher&agrave; a$$ai$$imo la uelocit&agrave;, &amp; il numero de'giri nella ruota, che
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2393 moue il pe$o: tuttauia la fatica del motore $ar&agrave; grandi$$ima a ri$pet
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diff changeset
2394 to del pe$o, che mouer &agrave;. Ho ui$to io una ruota, che c&oacute; un giro $olo,
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2395 &amp; col mezo di $ei altre ruote era cagione, ch'un'altra, che uoltaua
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diff changeset
2396 un leggieri$$imo pe$o, face$$e cento trentamila giri, piu ueloci, &amp;
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2397 meno, $econdo che era temperata dal ritegno di quello i$tromento,
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2398 che $i chiama il tempo. Et con tale artificio era formata quella
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2399 belli$$ima machina de$critta dal Giouio, che gia mand&ograve; in dono
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diff changeset
2400 Ferdinando, allhora Re de'Romani, a Solimano Imperadore de'
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diff changeset
2401 Turchi. Che $e bene da gli huomini, che non s'intendono d'a$tro-
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2402 logia, era creduto, che dentro a quella ui fu$$ero i moti de'Pianeti
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2403 alla $imilitudine di quelli del cielo, cio non era pero uero in altro,
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diff changeset
2404 $e non che alcuna di quelle ruote finiua il $uo riuolgimento in tren-</I>
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diff changeset
2405 <p n=>47</p>
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2406 <I>ta anni come fa Saturno, alcuna in dodici come Gioue, alcuna in
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2407 duoi come Marte, alcuna in uno come il Sole, &amp; co$i dell'altre
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2408 ruote alla $omiglianza de gli altri &lsquo;Pianeti. Adunque $e il pe$o,
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2409 che hanno a mouere que$ti i$tromenti fu$$e graue, m$$una molla,
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diff changeset
2410 ancor che gagliar di$$ima; et ni$$un c&oacute;trape$o, ancor che graui$$imo
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2411 loro ba$terebbe. il $ine del loro mouimento &egrave; $olamente un picciolo
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2412 raggio di ferro per mo$trar l'hore, od un martelletto per $onarle.
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2413 All'oppo$to, $e in que$to i$tromento il motore fu$$e oue &egrave; il pe$o, &amp;
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diff changeset
2414 il pe$o oue &egrave; il motore, con molto minore gagliar dezza di molla,
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parents:
diff changeset
2415 o di contrape$o $i mouerebbe a$$ai piu graue, &amp; difficil pondo:
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parents:
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2416 benche con tardit&agrave; tanto maggiore che prima, quanto $arebbe bi-
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diff changeset
2417 $ogno, che la ruota del motore fu$$e di qua$i innumer abile propor-
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parents:
diff changeset
2418 tione piu ueloce: &amp; all'hora l'horiuolo $arebbe in foggia d'una
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2419 martinetta, &amp; $pecialmente quel da molla, in cui non fia dfficil co-
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2420 $a oprare, che la statera della molla uince$$e in lunghezza il rag-
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2421 gio della prima, &amp; piu ueloce ruota. Nel qual modo conobbi io
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2422 gia, che $u fabricato quel belli$$imo i$tromento po$to al tempo del
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diff changeset
2423 Duca France$co ultimo $opra la porta della Rocchetta del capello
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2424 di Milano. con quello, qual $i uogha huomo, stando nella came-
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parents:
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2425 ra del Ca$tellano, chiudeua qua$i in un $ubito la porta della roc-
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parents:
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2426 chetta, &amp; a poco a poco alzaua il ponte, ancor che carico di genti
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parents:
diff changeset
2427 armate. ma e$$endo egli poi $concertato, &amp; dato ad un ualente
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parents:
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2428 mae$tro che lo racconcia$$e; per la morte del Duca, &amp; del mae$tro
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parents:
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2429 non &egrave; mai piu stato po$to al $uo luogo: anzi non e$$endo a pena co-
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parents:
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2430 no$ciuto da gli heredi del mae$tro, che n&oacute; ne $anno l'arte, $e ne gia-
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parents:
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2431 ce $prezzato, &amp; tenuto in pochi$$imo conto. Ora dalle $ouradette
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parents:
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2432 con$iderationi appare manife$tamente quanto contra ragione fu$$e
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parents:
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2433 per$ua$o quel gran Principe Italiano a uolere con ine$timabile $pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
2434 $a fabricare molini, che con la forza de'contrape$i, per $ei hore c&oacute;-
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parents:
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2435 tinue face$$ero opera $imile a quella de glialtri molini or dinari: pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
2436 roche n&oacute; &egrave; uero, che potendo$i cagionare dal moto d'un contrape$o,
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parents:
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2437 che $cenda per lo $patio di tr&eacute;ta, o quaranta braccia le centinaia di
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parents:
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2438 migliaia di giri, li quali a finir$i portino tempo di cinque, o $ei ho-
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parents:
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2439 re, $i po$$a poi anco fare, che il pe$o mo$$o $ia in grauezza, &amp; in
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parents:
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2440 uelocit&agrave; $imile ad una macina ordinaria, quando calca $ul grano.
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2441 Io non credo, per le ragioni dette di$opra, che a produrre tale ef-
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parents:
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2442 fetto ba$ta$$ero duomila pe$i di contrape$i. &amp; que$ta &egrave; $enza dub-</I>
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2443 <p n=>48</p>
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2444 <I>bio la $peciali$$ima cagione, perche in qua$i tutti li modelli piccioli
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parents:
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2445 gli effetti di $imili operationi rie$chino beni$$imo, &amp; in opera reale
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parents:
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2446 poi facciano re$tare ingannati i loro antori, li quali non hauendo
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parents:
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2447 alla mano le ragioni delle proportioni del motore al pe$o, &amp; del
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parents:
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2448 pe$o alla uelocit&agrave;; &amp; non $apendo la uera cagione della moltipli-
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parents:
diff changeset
2449 catione della forza, $i per$uadono, che $i po$$ino fare co$e contra-
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diff changeset
2450 rie, come &egrave; il moltiplicare la uelocit&agrave; non accre$cendo le forze alla
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diff changeset
2451 mi$ura del pe$o, &amp; del corpo $opra cui $i moue. Tale era il belli$-
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diff changeset
2452 $imo modello d'acciaio, portato gia molti anni a Venetia da uno
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diff changeset
2453 molto ingegno$o, &amp; ricco Tede$co; &amp; raccomandato $enza con$i-
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parents:
diff changeset
2454 derare piu oltra dall'Imperadore Ferdinando: percioche con una
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diff changeset
2455 molla moueua una macina picciola d'acciaio $u i perni con mara-
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diff changeset
2456 uiglio$a uelocit&agrave;, per lo $patio di piu di tre hore; &amp; in un $ubito
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parents:
diff changeset
2457 caricata la molla, di nuouo per altro tanto $patio la ruotaua. non-
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diff changeset
2458 dimeno que$ta machina non calcaua $e non col perno. onde giudi-
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parents:
diff changeset
2459 co, che anco una macina ordinaria $i potrebbe mouere con ruote
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parents:
diff changeset
2460 grandi, &amp; con una molla grande alla proportione, $e non calca$$e:
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parents:
diff changeset
2461 ma calcando, $arebbe bi$ogno fare aumento nella forza di tanto,
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parents:
diff changeset
2462 di quanto tutto il piano della macina &egrave; maggiore, che la punta del
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parents:
diff changeset
2463 fu$o, che la $o$tiene: ilche $e $ia po$$ibile a por$r in opera, uegganlo
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parents:
diff changeset
2464 coloro, che alcuna fiata $i $ono dati alle reali e$perienze de gli effet-
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parents:
diff changeset
2465 ti artificio$i. Quindi anco &egrave; auenuto ch'io non ho mai uoluto dare
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parents:
diff changeset
2466 fede alle tante prome$$e d'Abel Fulone Cameriere del Re France-
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parents:
diff changeset
2467 $co uecchio di Francia, fatte nel principio del trattato del $uo in-
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parents:
diff changeset
2468 gegno$i$$imo Olometro; oue allega l'autorit&agrave; del Re i$te$$o, come
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parents:
diff changeset
2469 te$timonio di ui$ta. io ho bene $empre creduto, che in uarie inuen-
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parents:
diff changeset
2470 tioni di piccioli modelli egli fu$$e eccellenti$$imo, &amp; con quelli di-
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parents:
diff changeset
2471 letta$$e a$$ai l'animo del $uo Re, il quale da natura fau&ouml;riua li uir-
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parents:
diff changeset
2472 tuo$i; &amp; era a$$ai inchinato, $enza e$$erne pero molto fondato ne
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parents:
diff changeset
2473 le $cienze, come $ono qua$i tutti i Principi, a$imili artificio$i, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
2474 utili magi$teri. con tutto cio quei $uoi carri, che camina$$ero con
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parents:
diff changeset
2475 la forza del proprio carico, &amp; quelle circolationi perpetue delle
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parents:
diff changeset
2476 acque morte, &amp; altri $imili effetti, od haueuano qualche co$a ce-
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parents:
diff changeset
2477 lata a bello studio al Re, per piu dilettarlo, o $enza dubbio alcuno
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parents:
diff changeset
2478 non $arebbono riu$cite oue fu$$e stato bene il trarne piu pre$io uti-
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parents:
diff changeset
2479 le, cbe piacere. &amp; quindi &egrave; auenuto, s'io n&oacute; m'inganno, che dopo
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parents:
diff changeset
2480 tanto tempo non $e n'&egrave; mai ui$to proua ueruna utile in alcun luogo</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2481 <p n=>49</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
2482 <I>Per gli i$te$$i auertimenti ancora $i puo far giudicio della $peranza
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2483 che $i deueua porre nell'organo del moto fabricato in Venetia da
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parents:
diff changeset
2484 quello indu$trio$o, &amp; dotto Bologne$e, di cui ho ragionato alqu&aacute;-
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parents:
diff changeset
2485 to nel precedente di$cor$o. e$$endo che una ruota dentata doueua
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2486 per ogni $uo giro uoltare, almeno dodici uolte, $ei chiocciole. Ala-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2487 mane piu graui a$$ai, per la ragione gia detta, di quella ch'io ho
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2488 formato di $opra: $enza pero accre$cere alla proportione la forza
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2489 del motore, il qual doueua e$$ere uno, o duoi caualli con uantaggio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2490 di $olamente due braccia, o circa nel raggio lungo della statera,
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parents:
diff changeset
2491 accioche $i face$$e il giro piu pre$to, &amp; il mouimento delle chioc-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2492 ciole piu ueloce. $e il raggio dentato fu$$e stato la met&agrave; piu corto,
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parents:
diff changeset
2493 &amp; con la met&agrave; meno denti, il braccio lungo della statera haureb-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2494 be auanzato l'altro di gran parte, &amp; la uelocit&agrave; n&oacute; haurebbe fat-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2495 to tanto aumento come faceua. percio $cemando il pe$o doppiam&eacute;
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parents:
diff changeset
2496 te, la quarta parte $olamente della forza haurebbe ba$tato, per la
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parents:
diff changeset
2497 ragione detta. Gia l'e$perienza l'haueua mo$trato nel molino fatto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2498 $ul lido di San Nicol&ograve;, in cui que$ta i$te$$a statera co$i moderata,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2499 &amp; tirata da duoi caualli a pena poteua uoltare con mediocre uelo-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2500 cit&agrave; una macina, la quale $enza dubbio, benche calca$$e, era d'a$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2501 $ai minor pe$o, che l'acque di quelle $ei chiocciole non erano nel
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parents:
diff changeset
2502 pendio de'riuolgimenti loro. ma il de$iderio di fare, che la ueloci-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2503 t&agrave; $atisface$$e alla poca quantit&agrave; dell'acqua leuata dalle chiocciole
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2504 Alamane, diede certi$$ima occa$ione a que$to inganno.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2505 <p><I>Ma per dare qualche e$$empio a maggiore chiarezza della uti-
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parents:
diff changeset
2506 lit&agrave;, &amp; del danno, che potrebbe $eguire $e $i moue$$ero le chioccio-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2507 le con qualchuno di que$ti i$tromenti, $ar&agrave; bene adducere l'u$o di
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parents:
diff changeset
2508 quelli, che $arebbono stati piu a propo$ito. Que$te $ono le ruote
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2509 chiamate deambulatorie, &amp; $ono di quattro $orti. La prima &egrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2510 quella, che ordinariamente $i moue col cor$o dell'acqua, che con-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2511 tinuamente batte l'ultima circonferenza di lei: &egrave; gagliardi$$ima
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2512 $opra l'altre, per la uelocit&agrave; del motore; &amp; perche non $olo ha la
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parents:
diff changeset
2513 impul$ione col moto del corpo graue, ma l'ha uer$o il centro del
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parents:
diff changeset
2514 mondo; concorrendoui ambedue le cagioni dette poco fa nelle ra-
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parents:
diff changeset
2515 gioni delle statere. L'altra &egrave; $ituata nell'i$te$$o modo, $e non che
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parents:
diff changeset
2516 il motore ui camina dentro. &amp; perche egli &egrave; animato, &amp; conti-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2517 nuamente a$cende, non puo e$$ere molto ueloce. tale &egrave; la ruota del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2518 pozzo maggiore di Sal$o: tale &egrave; quella che $ul Duomo di Milano</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2519 <foot><I>D</I></foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
2520 <p n=>50</p>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2521 <I>alza con duoi huomini $ino alla cima della torre una Campana di
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parents:
diff changeset
2522 trecento pe$i: &amp; tali $ono quelle de gli Arzan&agrave;, con le quali $i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2523 traggono le galee dentro, &amp; fuora dell'acqua; &amp; gli altri gran-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2524 di$$imi pe$i $i mouono come $i uuole. In alcune minere d'Alama-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2525 gna per ordinario certe capre, &amp; certi gro$$i cani le uolgono, quan
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2526 do il pe$o non &egrave; de'piu graui, con facilit&agrave; ine$timabile. Scriue an-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2527 co Olao Magno $crittore dell'hi$torie de'pae$i boreali, che gli or$i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2528 in Sarmatia $ono ammae$trati a uoltarle con ageuolezza incom-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2529 par abile, &amp; con pe$i maggiori a$$ai, che non s'alzerebbono col
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2530 mouimento de gli huomini. La terza ha pur anco il motore ani-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2531 mato nell'ultima circonferenza, ma l'ha di fuora, potendo e$$ere
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2532 od huomo, o cauallo, o bue, od altro animale, che mentre s'affret-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
2533 ta d'andare innanzi, cedendoli la ruota, rimane $empre nell'i$te$$o
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
2534 luogo. &egrave; de$critta dall' Agricola nella nona $igura delle machine
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diff changeset
2535 $piritali. L'ultima non ha il pe$o del raggio maggiore $pinto qua$i
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diff changeset
2536 rettam&eacute;te uer$o il centro del mondo come le $ouradette: piu pre$to
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diff changeset
2537 ua qua$i orizontale, dando poco pendio al pe$o, che moue: &amp; per
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diff changeset
2538 cio li caualli, &amp; i buoi, quanto $ia per la decaduta, ui po$$ono ca-
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diff changeset
2539 minare $opra a$$ai commodamente. Vna in que$ta forma ne fu fat-
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diff changeset
2540 ta a Barcone $ul Piacentino, &amp; una ue n'&egrave; in Venetia a San Gio-
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diff changeset
2541 uanni &amp; Polo, che fa a$$ai buono effetto in girare uelocemente la
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diff changeset
2542 macina d'un molino: tuttauia ha bi$ogno di quattro caualli, che $i
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diff changeset
2543 mouono $i $concertatamente, $entendo$i $empre mancare il $o$tegno
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diff changeset
2544 $otto a'piedi, che $ud ano copio$amente in breue tempo, &amp; non po$-
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diff changeset
2545 $ono lungamente durare: talche per la $ouerchia fatica molti$$imi
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diff changeset
2546 ne muoiono. ne &egrave; marauiglia che cio auenga, andando il pe$o, che
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diff changeset
2547 moue $u que$ta ruota a linea qua$i piana uer$o il centro del mondo,
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diff changeset
2548 &amp; non uenendo la forza dell'impul$ione de gli animali d'altronde,
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diff changeset
2549 che da que$to poco pendio, il quale $e fu$$e maggiore non potrebbe
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diff changeset
2550 poi e$$ere a propo$ito per li caualli, od altre be$tie $imili. &Egrave;adun-
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parents:
diff changeset
2551 que, contra il commune parere, la meno pe rfetta di tutte le ruote
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parents:
diff changeset
2552 deambulatorie. ne altro ha per$ua$o alcuni mathematici, &amp; ar-
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diff changeset
2553 chitetti a porla in u$o, che il uolere $chiffare la $pe$a de gli huomi-
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parents:
diff changeset
2554 ni, che mouono la $econda, &amp; la terza delle quattro dette. &amp; tut-
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2555 tauia mo$tra poi l'e$perienza, che li molti animali, che ui $ono me-
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diff changeset
2556 $tieri, &amp; ui muoiono, portano molto piu $pe$a, che $e fu$$e $ituata
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parents:
diff changeset
2557 in foggia di quelle due. Que$te ultime tre adunque (po$eia che</I>
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diff changeset
2558 <p n=>51</p>
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2559 <I>della prima, oue &egrave; gran decaduta d'acqua copio$a, n&oacute; accade a du-
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parents:
diff changeset
2560 bitarne, &amp; fa poco al $eruigio delle no$tre Chiocciole) $ono tarde
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parents:
diff changeset
2561 nel moto, ne po$$ono rendere uelocit&agrave; nel pe$o, $e li denti del raggio
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parents:
diff changeset
2562 corto non $ono molti, &amp; le fu$a delle rocchette pochi$$ime: allhora
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parents:
diff changeset
2563 ne $egue cio ch'io di$$i nell'organo di Me$$er Ale$$andro: cio&egrave;, che
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parents:
diff changeset
2564 il braccio lungo della statera uince il breue di poco, &amp; la forza del
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diff changeset
2565 motore non &egrave; moltiplicata conueneuolmente, $i che ba$ti a ri$petto
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2566 della uelocit&agrave;, ma la uelocit&agrave; nella chiocciola &egrave; di maggiore uti-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2567 lit&agrave;, che altra co$a ui concorra: perche non uer$ando ella mai ac-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2568 qua $e non $i gira, quanto piu uelocemente, &amp; con frequenza $ino
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2569 ad un certo termine $i uolter&agrave;, tanto piu $pe$$o, &amp; uelocemente
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
2570 uer$er&agrave; con abondanza d'acqua a$$ai maggiore. Dico $ino ad un
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parents:
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2571 certo termine, perche non &egrave; bene, che la uelocit&agrave; $ia tanta, che n&oacute;
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parents:
diff changeset
2572 la po$$a tolerare il pendio di dentro. altrimente l'acqua far&agrave; ri-
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parents:
diff changeset
2573 gorgo, ne potr&agrave; alzar$i i$peditamente. Co$i, $e la chiocciola $ar&agrave;
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parents:
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2574 tanto grande, che habbia bi$ogno di $imile i$tromento, caminer&agrave;
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diff changeset
2575 $i tarda, che la quantit&agrave; dell' acqua u$cita da una molto minore,
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parents:
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2576 mo$$a con hone$ta uelocit&agrave;, $ar&agrave; piu copio$a. Aggiunge$i che tali
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2577 i$tromenti $ono di grandi$$ima $pe$a, $i per loro ste$$i, come per la
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2578 stanza, che conuiene apparecchiare: ne po$$ono tra$portar$i da
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2579 luogo a luogo $econdo diuer$e occorrenze, &amp; occa$ioni, che $oglio-
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2580 no intrauenire, $enza gran perdita di tempo, &amp; di danari. anzi
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2581 a$$ettandole a no$tro u$o, haurebbeno bi$ogno di continua cu$todia
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2582 in tutti e tempi dell'anno, per li pericoli del fuoco, &amp; altri $imili
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2583 di$a$tri. Il mede$imo $i de intendere delle uiti perpetue, delle mar-
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2584 tinelle, &amp; di tutti gli i$tromenti, che ritardano il moto nel pe$o.
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parents:
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2585 fra'quali for$e uenti forme ne $ono state $igurate dal diligenti$$imo
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2586 Giorgio ne' $uoi minerali: a benche anco in quelli ne $ono alcuni,
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2587 che uogliono motori di straordinaria lena: come &egrave; la machina che
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parents:
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2588 $i fabric&ograve; alle radici del monte Melibocco, la quale era uoltata da
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parents:
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2589 uenti quattro caualli, entrandone otto per uolta alla fatica, per lo
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parents:
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2590 $patio di quattro hore: &amp; come erano le tre ordinate l'una $opra
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parents:
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2591 l'altra nel monte Carpato in Schemnicio, che $i moueuano con no-
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diff changeset
2592 uanta$ette caualli, a fine di leuare l'acqua dalle ricch<*>me mine-
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parents:
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2593 re, accioche per tale impedimento elle non s'abandona$$ero, come
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parents:
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2594 gia per l'i$te$$a cagione $u la$ciato l'utili$$imo cauamento de'me-
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parents:
diff changeset
2595 talli in Frimbergo.</I>
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parents:
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2596 <foot><I>D</I> 2</foot>
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2597 <p n=>52</p>
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parents:
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2598 <p><I>Molti i$tromenti del moto, che non $ono in u$o ordinario piccioli
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2599 &amp; grandi ho io ui$to nella Sala de' modelli di mare, che &egrave; nel pa-
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parents:
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2600 lazzo di San Nicol&ograve; del lido, mo$tratimi da quel famo$o Soriano,
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parents:
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2601 il quale hauendo accopiate in$ieme le trocchie, gli argani, &amp; i ro-
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parents:
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2602 toli, &amp; hauendo fabricato duoi nauigli di gran $pe$a, con tale ar-
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parents:
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2603 ti$icio, che $e bene n&oacute; $ono molto ueloci, reggono pero ad ogni gra-
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parents:
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2604 ui$$imo carico a ri$petto de gli altri; caua del piu cupo fondo del
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parents:
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2605 mare a pezzo a pezzo tutte le co$e graui, che $ono $ommer$e, &amp;
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2606 $i $ommergono alla giornata: &amp; gia ha leuato buona parte della
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2607 materia del Galeone di quella Illu$tri&szlig;. Signoria, che a$fond&ograve; a gli
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2608 anni pa$$ati. Co$tui &egrave; molto ualent'huomo in $imili impre$e: &amp; ho
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2609 inte$o da alcuni nobili Vmitiani, che ha anco trouato il modo, col
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2610 quale le galee gro$$e (co$a utili$$ima, &amp; non mai piu fatta) $i po-
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parents:
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2611 tranno mouere in mare $enza uele, &amp; $enza uenti. &amp; ueramente
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parents:
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2612 ogni ragioneuole effetto $i puo $perare da un tale huomo, il quale,
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parents:
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2613 come io conobbi ragionando in lungo con lui al meglio ch'io puoti,
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2614 per non hauere egli punto di cognitione della lingua latina, &amp; po-
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parents:
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2615 chi$$ima dell'italiana; ha letto, et inte$o la maggior parte di quelli
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parents:
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2616 autori Caldei, &amp; Egittij, che non hanno $entito l'ingiurie del tem
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parents:
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2617 po, &amp; da'quali gli antichi Greci tra$portarono la miglior parte de
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2618 principij mathematici; in maniera, che $i po$$ono piu pre$to loda-
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2619 re per hauer dato buon'ordine alle materie, che per hauerle ritro-
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diff changeset
2620 uate, o notabilmente accre$ciute. Vidi anco molte belle inuentio-
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diff changeset
2621 ni in $imile $oggetto in ca$a del diuino Signor Girolamo Ru$celli
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diff changeset
2622 (felice memoria) re$tando stupefatto in cono$cere, che un'huomo
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diff changeset
2623 in modo raro ne'precetti delle tre lingue, che $i puo meriteuolmen-
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diff changeset
2624 te chiamare il moderno Ari$tarco, &amp; l'antico Varone; $ia poi an-
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diff changeset
2625 co $i eccellente nell'altre dottrine, &amp; $pecialmente in que$te mathe
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diff changeset
2626 matice. &amp; fu pur anco frutto dell' ine$timabile corte$ia di quel
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diff changeset
2627 gentili$$imo $pirito, che non mi cono$cendo a pena, $olo perche $i
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diff changeset
2628 auide, ch'io haueua qualche gu$to di $imili co$e, mi $coper$e uolen-
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diff changeset
2629 tieri, &amp; liberamente alcuni ritrouati, che altri haurebbono tenuti
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diff changeset
2630 $ecreti per trarne $econdo l'occa$ione qualche $omma di denari.
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diff changeset
2631 Nulladimeno tutti que$ti i$tromenti nel no$tro proponimento non
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diff changeset
2632 $arebbono di giouamento alcuno; non tanto perche $ono digrandi$-
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diff changeset
2633 $ima $pe$a al paragone dell'utile dell' agricoltura, quanto perche
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diff changeset
2634 ricercano buomini d'altro ingegno, &amp; prattica, che non po$$ono</I>
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diff changeset
2635 <p n=>53</p>
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diff changeset
2636 <I>e$$ere in maneggiar loro, i mini$tri delle no$tre coltiuationi.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2637 <p><I>Non uoglio gia per le ragioni $ouradette in tutto affermare,
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diff changeset
2638 che non $i po$$a di nuouo proporre qualche modo, il quale con tutto
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parents:
diff changeset
2639 che non $ia contrario a'principij della $cienza de'pe$i, po$$a dare
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parents:
diff changeset
2640 grande aumento alla forza $enza $cemare la primiera uelocit&agrave; del
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parents:
diff changeset
2641 pondo: anzi $e la bont&agrave; d'alcuni Principi, od il commune danno,
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diff changeset
2642 ch'io non uorrei, che per cio ne $egui$$e all'armate Chri$tiane, non
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diff changeset
2643 mi s'opporranno, cio $i potr&agrave; col mezo mio cono$cere, come po$$i-
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diff changeset
2644 bile, &amp; come effetto gia con$ermato con ragioneuole e$perienza.
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diff changeset
2645 Il che non meno $i farebbe chiaro con l'utili$$ino, &amp; degno di $om-
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diff changeset
2646 ma lode Aratro del molto Reuerendo Padre il P. Don Ste$ano Ca
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2647 taneo Nouare$e, Monaco della Congregatione Ca$$ine$e, &amp; hora
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2648 digni$$imo. Abbate di San Proclo di Eologna: imperoche que$to
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2649 rari$$imo ingegno dopo gli studi non $olamente delle $acre lettere,
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2650 nelle quali con piu che mediocre cognitione della lingua latina, gre
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parents:
diff changeset
2651 ca, &amp; hebrea egli &egrave; con$umati$$imo (come bene ha mo$trato quan-
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parents:
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2652 do a nome di tutta la congregatione $ua $edeua nel Concilo di Tren
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2653 to) ma di tutte le tre parti della filo$o$ia, le quali $ono con ottimi
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diff changeset
2654 fondamenti po$$edute da lui, s'&egrave; anco pre$o hone$to piacere in fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
2655 bricare, con l'aiuto della $cienza de'pe$i, uno artificio$o aratro, che
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parents:
diff changeset
2656 guidato da un'huomo $olo, $enza buoi, in terreno, che non $ia trop-
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parents:
diff changeset
2657 po $a$$o$o, far&agrave; poco meno dell'opera, che $i $uol fare con un'aratro
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parents:
diff changeset
2658 commune tirato da un par di buoi. Io $pero che per uniuer$ale be-
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2659 neficio egli porr&agrave; finalmente ogni ri$petto da canto, &amp; lo publiche-
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parents:
diff changeset
2660 r&agrave; in nome $uo: perche in nome di uno, o di duoi $uoi amici egli ha
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parents:
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2661 gia uoluto farlo; ancora che quegli huomini da bene non habbiano
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parents:
diff changeset
2662 uoluto ue$tir $i delle penne del Pauone, &amp; defraudare il meritato
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diff changeset
2663 honore appre$$o di coloro, che non $ono uolgari malegni, all'amico
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diff changeset
2664 $uo, che $i corte$emente, &amp; $i mode$tamente $e n'ha uoluto priuare:
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2665 tenendo troppo conto d'un certo ri$pett&ograve;, al mio giudicio piu au$te-
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2666 ro, che non comporta la publica utilit&agrave;,</I>
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parents:
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2667 <p><I>Con$iderando io adunque le $ouradette ragioni, giudicai, che
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parents:
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2668 fu$$e bene a proportionare talmente la Chiocciola, che $i fu$$e po-
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parents:
diff changeset
2669 tuto a$$ettare con ageuolezza in ogni luogo, oue &egrave; l'acqua corr<*>te,
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parents:
diff changeset
2670 oue &egrave; morta, oue li fiumi $cemano, &amp; cre$cono, oue $i po$$ono rac-
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parents:
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2671 cogliere l'acque $orgenti, &amp; fin almente ouunque $ia acqua di qua-
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parents:
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2672 lunque $orte da leuar$i. Di piu auert&igrave;, che $i pote$$e tra$portare</I>
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parents:
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2673 <foot><I>D</I> 3</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
2674 <p n=>54</p>
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parents:
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2675 <I>da luogo a luogo $enza $pe$a, $enza fatica, &amp; $enza perdita di
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parents:
diff changeset
2676 tempo: $i che anco oltra ad ogni altro commodo, dopo il tempo de
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parents:
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2677 l'adacquare, $i pote$$e conducere in luogo $icuro da ogni di$a$tro.
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parents:
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2678 &amp; per cio ele$$i di darle un'organo del moto leggiero, &amp; di pochi$-
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parents:
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2679 $ima $pe$ i in fabricarlo; mo$$o in maniera da un'huomo $olo, che
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parents:
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2680 la $pe$a del motore non fu$$e graue, a ri$petto dell'utile. Que$to &egrave;
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2681 stato una Cigognola ritorta nella forma, che qu&igrave; di$otto &egrave; figurato.</I>
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parents:
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2682 <fig>
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parents:
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2683 <p><I>Per intendere la forma di cui, conuiene $apere, che qua$i tutti
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parents:
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2684 i piu periti arte$ici, &amp; $pecialmente gli Alamani, hanno $empre
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parents:
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2685 dato qualche piega alle cig ognole, delle quali $i $ono $eruiti per
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parents:
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2686 braccio lungo di statera, in alzare, &amp; girare li pe$i: facendolo
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parents:
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2687 alcuna fiata per commodi t&agrave;, alcun'altra per non impedire la forza
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parents:
diff changeset
2688 ordmaria del uette, (co$i $i potr&agrave; nominare taluolta que$to i$tro-
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parents:
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2689 mento con nome qua$i latino, ad imitatione de'latini, che trasfor-
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parents:
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2690 mando le uoci greche in con$onanza latina, u$auano con piu chia-
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parents:
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2691 rezza li termini della materia, che era loro alle mani) Ma que$te
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parents:
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2692 piegature poi $ono pa$$ate in $i grande abu$o, che un uette qua$i $em
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parents:
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2693 pre &egrave; giudicato di poca forza, $e non &egrave; curuo in qualche parte di
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parents:
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2694 lui. Et quindi &egrave; for$e anco deriuato il nome di cigognola per ec-
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2695 cellenza; qua$i che que$ti uetti non $ieno buoni, $e non $ono ritorti
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2696 alla $embianza del collo della Cigogna, che in molte gui$e $i $uole</I>
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parents:
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2697 <p n=>55</p>
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parents:
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2698 <I>riuolgere. Sono poi anco stati alcuni lettterati, che non facendo-
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parents:
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2699 ne e$perienza alcuna, n'hanno uoluto rintracciare la ragione, &amp;
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parents:
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2700 hanno finalmente detto, che la piegatura rende piu lunga linea in
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parents:
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2701 minore diametro, &amp; che tutta la lunghezza della linea co$i cur-
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parents:
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2702 ua, ha forza come $e fu$$e retta, &amp; di$te$a: re$tando con tutto cio
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parents:
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2703 il giro d'a$$ai minore diametro, &amp; di comm&oacute;dita ine$limabile al
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2704 motore: percioche $i potr&agrave; fare una cigognola d'un mezo cerchio
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2705 intiero, il quale haur&agrave; circonferenza d'un braccio, &amp; mezo; &amp;
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2706 il diametro non $ar&agrave; pero piu che circa un braccio. onde il motore
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2707 che non potrebbe fare circuito di tre braccia di diametro, $e il uet-
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2708 te fu$$e di$te$o, ne far&agrave; uno di due a$$ai commodamente, $aluando
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2709 la forza del moto per la piegatura, come $e lo face$$e di tre. &Egrave;ben
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2710 uero che affermano, che nelle statere, oue il pe$o naturale opera,
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2711 inchinando uer$o il centro del mondo, cio non $arebbe di molto gio
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2712 uamento; &amp; che in quel ca$o $ia bene $eguire la ragione della lun-
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2713 ghezza del diametro; non hauendo riguardo alla piegatura. ma
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2714 oue la forza $ola animata non $i propone altro centro, che il punto
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2715 oppo$to diametralmente al luogo in cui ella $i ritroua, in tal ca$o le
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2716 piegature $ono d'utilit&agrave; ine$timabile: percioche dicono, che la cur-
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2717 uit&agrave; $empre allontana la $ucce$$ione del moto dal centro $opra cui $i
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2718 moue il pe$o. Ilche $i cono$ce chiaramente, $econdo co$toro, nelle
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2719 ruote, la circonferenza delle quali &egrave; $o$tenuta dalle fu$a; po$cia che
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2720 hanno a$$ai piu forza, che non porta il raggio della statera, &amp; la
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2721 impul$ione dell'aere. Dalle quali ragioni stimo io, che $ieno state
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2722 accettate c&oacute;munemente da ognuno tante uarie pieghe fatte in ogni
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2723 $orte d'i$tromenti del moto, con tanta $icurezza, che molti hanno
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2724 hauuto a dire, che con que$ta $ola uia $i puo aumentare la forza,
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2725 rimouendo la tardit&agrave;: in modo che $e $i $egui$$ero li precetti d'Ar-
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2726 chim&egrave;de nel $uo libro delle linee $piritali, in fare le cigognole, ne
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2727 $eguiriano effetti marauiglio$i: percioche potendo$i fare i giri pic-
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2728 cioli, non o$tante, che le statere $ieno fatte piu lunghe, &amp; piu ga-
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2729 gliarde; chi dubiter&agrave;, che non debba re$tare l'i$te$$a uelocit&agrave; nel
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2730 pe$o con l'aumento della forza? Ma tutte que$te imaginationi $i
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2731 prouano con l'e$perienza, &amp; con altra piu $oda ragione e$$ere sta-
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2732 te mal con$iderate: imperoche molti$$ime e$perienze, che io con
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2733 graue $pe$a ho fatte non poche fiate, hanno mo$trato, che quanto
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2734 alla forza ordinaria le cigognole $ieno rette, o curue cadono in un</I>
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2735 <foot><I>D</I> 4</foot>
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2736 <p n=>56</p>
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2737 <I>mede$imo; &amp; che $empre la mi$ura della forza $i piglia dal punto
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2738 in cul $i troua il motore, al punto, che per linea retta u&agrave; al centro
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parents:
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2739 del pe$o: ne piu, ne meno come $e il uette fu$$e tutto retto dal cen-
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2740 tro $ino a quel punto, &amp; come $e $i moue$$e col pe$o naturale uer$o
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2741 il centro del mondo. Oltra di que$to, il douer uuole, che $e il uette
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2742 per una par te di lui s'allontana dal centro del pe$o (que$ta &egrave; ragio
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2743 ne, che conuince del tutto) &amp; per l'altra s'auicina, tanto perda di
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2744 forza per la parte, che s'auicina, quanto n'acqui$ta per quella,
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2745 che s'allo itana, alla proportione: &amp; per l'oppo$ta ragione perda a
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2746 quella per cui acqui$ta. ne la ragione delle ruote puo tanto, che la
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2747 forza loro, quando &egrave; maggiore, che non importa la lunghezza
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2748 del raggio, non $i debba tutta tirare dall'impul$ione, &amp; dal moui-
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2749 mento dell'aere. anzi $i uede, che con l'i$te$$a gagliardezza mo-
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2750 uer&agrave; un'huomo pian piano, $enza impul$ione d'aere, una ruota di
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2751 raggi, tolta uia la circonferenza continua, come $e ui fu$$e l'i$te$$a
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2752 circon$erenza, la quale non pa$$a$$e la lunghezza de'raggi.</I>
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2753 <p><I>Io m'aueggo, che in tali $oggetti $arebbe bene hauere l'arte del
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2754 dire di Mercurio, il quale fu adorato da gli antichi per lo Iddio
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2755 dell'eloquenza piu pre$to perche con le $ole parole, $enza ge$ti, &amp;
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2756 $enza figure $i faceua intendere chiaramente da ognuno, in qua-
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2757 lunque o$cura materia egli ragiona$$e, che per altra cagione. pure
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2758 non potendo e$$ere qu&igrave; hora l'eloquenza di quello Iddio, &amp; $pecial-
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2759 mente con meco, che tanto $olamente m'arrogo d'heuerne acqui-
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2760 $tato, quanto ba$ta a fare cono$cere, anco con mediocre fatica, la-
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parents:
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2761 uerit&agrave; delle co$e, ch'io tratto: non fia for$e male, ch'io de$criua al-
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parents:
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2762 cune figure delle piu importanti; nelle quali con $uo non prima p&eacute;-
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parents:
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2763 $ato danno, molti per altro ualent'huomini hanno pre$o granchi di
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parents:
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2764 non leggiera con$ideratione. Ilche io far&ograve; tanto piu uolentieri,
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parents:
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2765 quanto non ui e$$endo $in'ad hora stato alcuno de gli autori latini,
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parents:
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2766 od altra lingua, che n'habbia $critto particolarmente; $on $icuro,
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2767 ch'io $chiffer&ograve; nell'auenire a chi legger&agrave; attentamente que$ti pochi
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parents:
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2768 $eritti, molti trauagli, &amp; non poche $pe$e, $e mai prende$$e lui de-
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2769 $io d'occupar$i nell'operationi di que$ti ingegno$i ritrouati. che ue-
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parents:
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2770 ramente $i dolce &egrave; il uedere na$cere qualche bello effetto, &amp; cono-
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2771 $cerne la cagione in $imili magi$teri, che pochi$on coloro, che pur
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parents:
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2772 una uolta n'habbiano $entito l'odore, che non ghiribizzino molte
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parents:
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2773 uolte da $e ste$$i per dar fine a qualcheduna delle molte imagina-</I>
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parents:
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2774 <p n=>57</p>
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2775 <I>tioni di uarij effetti utili, &amp; come a prima giunta $i mo$trano a$$ai
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parents:
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2776 riu$<*>li, che loro $i uolgono per la fanta$ia. ma tutta uia que$ti
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parents:
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2777 pen$ieri, $e n&oacute; $ono in capo d'huomo piu che mediocremente $cien-
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2778 tiato; &amp; come dice Galeno, che e$$endo da natura prudente, gia
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2779 habbia con lungo tempo, &amp; grande studio fatto molte $icure pro-
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2780 ue; per la maggior parte rie$cono $allaci: non $enza uergogna, &amp;
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parents:
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2781 danno notabile dell'autore $uo, s'egli n&oacute; $ar&agrave; in maniera agiato de'
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2782 beni della fortuna, che po$$a $penderne una parte $enza pregiudi-
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2783 cio dell'economica, in que$ti hone$ti, &amp; anco quando c'ingannano
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parents:
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2784 lodeuoli piaceri. imperoche tante cagioni di tutti quattro i gene-
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parents:
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2785 ri, &amp; di tutti gli i$tromenti, &amp; mezi, con tante proportioni di
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parents:
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2786 gradi, talhora ui concorrono; che $e bene non deue e$$er tenuta per
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parents:
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2787 ignoranza gro$$a quella che nelle primiere operationi impedi$ce gli
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2788 e$$etti de$iderati; quella tuttauia di coloro, che $i per$uadono d'e$-
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parents:
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2789 $ere quanto $i conuiene ammae$trati nell'arti, che ui bi$ognano, &amp;
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2790 non $ono, non merita e$cu$atione alcuna.</I>
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diff changeset
2791 <p><I>In duoi ca$i adunque puo e$$ere di giouamento la piegatura delle
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diff changeset
2792 cigog nole: uno &egrave; quando il $ito del motore animato lui produce piu
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2793 forza una uolta, che l'altra: &amp; que$ta $i dee piu pre$to chiamare
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parents:
diff changeset
2794 comm odit&agrave;. L'altra &egrave; quando $enza la piegatura il moto in una
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diff changeset
2795 parte di lui $i rende difficili$$imo, &amp; qua$i impo$$ibile: &amp; que$to &egrave;
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2796 quando il motore moue con qualche mezo. La figura della prima
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diff changeset
2797 &egrave;$econdo il uette d'alcune martinette tede$che, &amp; &egrave; que$ta.</I>
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diff changeset
2798 <fig>
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diff changeset
2799 <p n=>58</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
2800 <p><I>Rella quale $i uede, che per l<*>piegatura la parte del moto piu fa-
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diff changeset
2801 tico$a $i far&agrave; finire con la mano alquanto rimota dal petto, oue ella
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parents:
diff changeset
2802 ba maggior forza, che quando &egrave; lui troppo uicina. L'altra figu-
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parents:
diff changeset
2803 ra della $econda &egrave; la $eguente: u$ata $pecialmente nel mouimento
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parents:
diff changeset
2804 delle ruote, che $i uoltano co'piedi, o che col uette moueno altre co$e</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2805 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
2806 <I>Nella quale $e la corda fu$$e appe$a ad un uette diritto, &amp; tira$$e
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2807 perpendicolarmente come $a, non $olo non mouerebbe, ma talhora
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parents:
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2808 $arebbe cagione, che la ruota $i ferma$$e, &amp; re$ta$$e immobile: per
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parents:
diff changeset
2809 cioche tirando la corda il uette in $e ste$$o uer$o il $uo centro, non
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parents:
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2810 potrebbe cedere alla forza motiua, mentre che per l'impul$ione
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parents:
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2811 del mouimento primo, non pa$$a$$e la linea perpendicolare: &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
2812 pa$$ata che l'haue$$e, non tirerebbe con la forza della mi$ura di
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parents:
diff changeset
2813 tutto il uette: perche $empre il principio del moto della corda $a-
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parents:
diff changeset
2814 rebbe piu uicino al centro, che all'e$tremit&agrave; del uette. Dal che $i
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parents:
diff changeset
2815 puo comprendere quanto errino coloro, che fanno que$ti uetti, che
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parents:
diff changeset
2816 non s'allontanano tanto per la curuit&agrave; loro dal centro uer$o i lati,
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diff changeset
2817 quanto l'e$tremit&agrave; &egrave; lontana dall'i$te$$o a linea dritta: &amp; $ono nel
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parents:
diff changeset
2818 modo della figura, che $egue, o $imile.</I>
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diff changeset
2819 <p n=>59</p>
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diff changeset
2820 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
2821 <p><I>In ogni altro ca$o le piegature $ono $ouerchie, &amp; di $peranza in
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parents:
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2822 tutto uana. Primieramente quel tanto lodato nelle uitil perpetue,
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2823 &amp; ne'tir atori da metalli; non merita la lode, che piu ragioneuol-
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parents:
diff changeset
2824 mente $i deurebbe dare al raggio corto, che moue il pe$o, od alla
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parents:
diff changeset
2825 moltiplicatione delle statere. &Egrave;que$to.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2826 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
2827 <p><I>Faccia$i adunque un cerchio dal centro al mezo della piegatu-
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parents:
diff changeset
2828 ra: faccia$ene un'altro dal centro all'e$tremit&agrave; del uette: Non $i
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parents:
diff changeset
2829 trouer&agrave; per la ragione del diametro del circolo, che il diametro,</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2830 <p n=>60</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
2831 <I>che d&agrave; la $orza al moto, $i $ia allungato ne anco un punto. Dopo
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diff changeset
2832 que$to &egrave; il mezo cerchio, adoprato $ouente in Alemagna, nelle
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parents:
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2833 machine hidranlice da pi$telli.</I>
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diff changeset
2834 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
2835 <p><I>Nel mezo della piegatura egli $i rimoue dal c&eacute;tro per la met&agrave;, nel
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parents:
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2836 fine n&oacute; ha piu u&aacute;taggio nel giro come $e fu$$e diametro retto. Vn'al-
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parents:
diff changeset
2837 tro ue n'&egrave; qua$i in forma del pletro della lira, a cui donaua il uanto
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parents:
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2838 di forza M. Ce$are Buonaca$a architetto di gran riputatione aben
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2839 che piu pre$to doueua darlo alla proportione del pe$o alle statere.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2840 <fig>
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diff changeset
2841 <p n=>61</p>
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parents:
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2842 <p><I>Se bene que$to uette par che habbia uantaggio nella parte della
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parents:
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2843 statera nel punto.</I> A. <I>$ino alla piegatura nel punto. B. lo perde pero
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parents:
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2844 per l'altra parte, che $e gli oppone dal punto. B. $ino al punto. C.
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parents:
diff changeset
2845 che &egrave; nel centro. Di piu con un'altro molto stauagante un'Archi-
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parents:
diff changeset
2846 tetto France$e $i pen$&ograve; di potere moltiplicare la forza nel moto de'
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parents:
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2847 remi delle galee, &amp; $i trou&ograve; ingannato.</I>
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diff changeset
2848 <fig>
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2849 <p><I>Perche il riuolgimento, che &egrave; nel punto.</I> A. <I>non cre$ce piu di
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parents:
diff changeset
2850 quello, che &egrave; nel punto. B. &amp; nel punto. C. &amp; &egrave; $uperato da quella,
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parents:
diff changeset
2851 che &egrave; nel punto. D. il quale ha tutta la forza, come $e fu$$e retto.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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2852 Alla qual co$a uolendo fare prouedimento il Fulone ne form&ograve; un'
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parents:
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2853 altro in que$to modo.</I>
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parents:
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2854 <p n=>62</p>
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parents:
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2855 <fig>
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parents:
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2856 <p><I>Egli ha tutta la forza nel punto.</I> A. <I>il punto. B. &amp; il punto. C.
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parents:
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2857 $ouerchi, per che $ono pari in di$tanza. Il punto. D. non $olamente
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parents:
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2858 non aggiunge forza, ma leua la gia acqui$tata: perche s'auicina
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parents:
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2859 piu al centro: &amp; co$i il prouedimento fu uano. Nell' errore di
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parents:
diff changeset
2860 auicinare la uirt&ugrave; motrice con l'e$tremit&agrave; del uette al centro, in-
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parents:
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2861 cor$e quel grand'huomo, che gia prome$$e di uoler fare quei $i fa-
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parents:
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2862 cili molini a gli Anconitani, de'quali $i pen$auano poi $eruir$i gli
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parents:
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2863 Rauennati, poi che furono accordati con l'Illu$tri$$imo Cardinale
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parents:
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2864 di Sant' Angelo, che $i rouina$$ero le macine edificate $ul fiume,
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parents:
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2865 dal quale ne $eguiua danno$i$$imo diluuio alle loro campagne.
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parents:
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2866 Haueua que$to letterato, &amp; indu$trio$o huomo fatto duoi uetti lun
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parents:
diff changeset
2867 ghi, ritorti, &amp; fi$$i nel $ubbio del timpano dentato; uno oppo$to
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parents:
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2868 all'altro per cagione dell'equilibrio. all'e$tremit&agrave; di que$ti attac-
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parents:
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2869 caua una catena, la quale giungeua qua$i al centro; &amp; era girata
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parents:
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2870 da due alette picciole, mo$$e da duoi altri uetti $imili, tirati pur
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parents:
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2871 anch'e$$i da un'altra catena, uoltata da altre due picciole ale, &amp;
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parents:
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2872 finalmente mo$$a da un uette ordinario. Il uette lungo era in que-
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parents:
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2873 sto modo.</I>
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parents:
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2874 <p n=>63</p>
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parents:
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2875 <fig>
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parents:
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2876 <p><I>Nel quale $e la catena tira$$e $enza auicinar$i mai piu al cen-
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parents:
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2877 tro di quello, che &egrave; l'e$tremit&agrave; di lui, gagliardi$$ima ueramente fa-
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parents:
diff changeset
2878 rebbe la forza, per la lunghezza del $uo diametro. ma e$$endo
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parents:
diff changeset
2879 nece$$ario, che s'auicini $e $i d&egrave; mouere dalle due ale, tanto il uet-
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2880 te perde della forza gia acqui$tata, quanto la catena s'appropin-
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diff changeset
2881 qua al centro. Ho inte$o che il ualent'buomo ne fece la proua pri-
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diff changeset
2882 ma che ne ragiona$$e con al cuno, in uno edificio grande come ha-
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diff changeset
2883 ueua ad e$$ere in effetto, in cui tuttauia la macina non calcaua: &amp;
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diff changeset
2884 perche li riu$c&igrave; come haueua de$iderato, &amp; con facilit&agrave; ine$tima-
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diff changeset
2885 bile, non $i cur&ograve; di prouare nella macina, che calca$$e. Ilche credo
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diff changeset
2886 che aueni$$e perche la ragione uera di tirare il uette nell'e$tremit&agrave;
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diff changeset
2887 $ua l'haueua $i per$ua$o, che non con$ider&ograve; l'oppo$ta; cio&egrave;, che la
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2888 forza del motore nell'alette, era uicina al centro. Vn$imile er-
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diff changeset
2889 rore pre$e il diuino Michel' Angelo Buonaruoti, quando era gio-
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diff changeset
2890 uane, &amp; pen$aua di uoltare la mal formata chiocciola di Vitruuio
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diff changeset
2891 (che que$to diuino $pirito fu piu uolte in humore di uolerlariduce-
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2892 re alla perfettione: &amp; for$e, $e non fu$$e stato diuertito da molte
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2893 altre impre$e, l'haurebbe fatto: percioche l'Eccellenza dell'Illu-
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diff changeset
2894 $tri$$imo Signore il Duca no$tro mi di$$e gia, che n'haueua ui$to una</I>
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diff changeset
2895 <p n=>64</p>
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diff changeset
2896 <I>fabricata da lui gia uecchio, a$$ai grande; la quale $e $i fu$$e potut<*>
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2897 mouere un poco meglio, uer$aua gran quantit&agrave; d'acqua ad hone$ta
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2898 altezza) con una lieua, che haue$$e il braccio corto fi$$o nel uette
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diff changeset
2899 a que$to modo.</I>
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2900 <fig>
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diff changeset
2901 <p><I>La lieua era in uero fatta con gran ragione, &amp; approuata dal-
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2902 l'u$o de'Mo$couiti: li quali, come ce ne mo$tra la figura Olao Ma-
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parents:
diff changeset
2903 gno nell'Hi$torie de'popoli $ettentrionali: con una $i fatta lieua
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diff changeset
2904 mo$$a in giro, uoltano uelocemente ruote grandi$$ime, &amp; graui,
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diff changeset
2905 con le quali purgano, &amp; lauano li metalli nell'acque; &amp; co$i st&aacute;-
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parents:
diff changeset
2906 do di$tanti col braccio lungo della lieua, hanno forza grandi$$ima,
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2907 &amp; non $i bagnano per lo $pruzzar dell'acqua, come farebbono $e il
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parents:
diff changeset
2908 uette $econdo l'u$o ordinario fu$$e uicino alla ruota. ma nella ci-
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parents:
diff changeset
2909 gognola non s'auide $e non dopo il fatto, che il raggio, che s'ap-
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parents:
diff changeset
2910 pre$$a al centro, ruba qua$i tutta la lena al re$to del uette: &amp; &egrave; ne
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diff changeset
2911 piu ne meno, come $e la lieua fu$$e fi$$a in un uette lungo tanto qu&aacute;-
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diff changeset
2912 to &egrave; dal centro al punto oue ella &egrave; fi$$a. Veramente $e que$to i$tro-
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2913 mento fu$$e caduto bene a quel ualent'huomo, $arebbe stato il piu
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parents:
diff changeset
2914 gagliardo, &amp; facile per mouere in giro, fra quanti $ono mai stato
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parents:
diff changeset
2915 cono$ciuti. auenga che con il uette $i poteua dare al pe$o quanto
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diff changeset
2916 raggio lungo s'haue$$e uoluto, &amp; con la lieua $i $uperaua almeno
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2917 di $ei parti il raggio breue. Talche un'huomo $olo $aluando l'i$te$-
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parents:
diff changeset
2918 $a uelocit&agrave;, &amp; non facendo con le braccia maggior giro di quel che</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2919 <p n=>65</p>
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diff changeset
2920 <I>$i $oglia ordinariamente da ognuno, haurebbe oprato almeno per
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parents:
diff changeset
2921 la forza d'altri diece. tutto l'inganno fu nella piegatura: di cui $i
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parents:
diff changeset
2922 po$$ono dare due certi$$ime regole: vna quando $i con$idera la for-
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parents:
diff changeset
2923 za in un raggio $olo; &amp; &egrave; che tanto $empre acqui$ta di forza il
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diff changeset
2924 uette, quanto l'e$tremit&agrave; di lui, in cui &egrave; il motore od animato, od
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parents:
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2925 innanimato, s'allontana dal centro: non hauendo riguardo a tutte
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parents:
diff changeset
2926 le parti, ancor che $u$$ero o piu rimote, o piu propinque. l'altra,
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parents:
diff changeset
2927 quando $i con$idera la forza in duoi raggi; &amp; &egrave; che la piegatura
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parents:
diff changeset
2928 dell'uno non nuoce alla forza dell'altro, $e n&oacute; quanto l'e$tremitati $i
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parents:
diff changeset
2929 ritrouano rimote dal punto $opra cui $i moue la statera. &amp; con
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parents:
diff changeset
2930 que$ta $econda $i portano molte commodit&agrave; a'motori, per alzare
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parents:
diff changeset
2931 piu alto $enza di$c&oacute;modar$i, che n&oacute; $i farebbe con la statera retta,
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parents:
diff changeset
2932 &amp; per mouere diuer$e co$e, &amp; diuer$amente con un moto $olo.
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parents:
diff changeset
2933 Delle quali, perche hora non fanno al propo$ito della Chiocciola no
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parents:
diff changeset
2934 $tra, non &egrave; bene, che $e ne dica altro. Vno eccellente Architetto
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parents:
diff changeset
2935 Napoletano, che $i chiamaua il Gaietta, pen$&ograve; di fuggire il gran-
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parents:
diff changeset
2936 chio di Michel'angelo, &amp; inciamp&ograve; in un'altro di gran lunga peg-
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parents:
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2937 giore. Form&ograve; il uette in $imil figura.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2938 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
2939 <p><I>Ciudicando con que$to riuolgimento di raddoppiare la lena: per-
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parents:
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2940 che il raggio non s'appre$$aua al centro per uia diametrale. Ma il
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parents:
diff changeset
2941 Filandro nell' Academia di Roma, allhora che a per$ua$ione di</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
2942 <foot><I>E</I></foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
2943 <p n=>66</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
2944 <I>Me$$er Claudio Tolomei quelli huomini dotti$$imi $i diedero a cor-
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parents:
diff changeset
2945 reggere, &amp; illu$trare l'opera di Vitruuio lungamente giaciuta nel-
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parents:
diff changeset
2946 le tenebre, col compa$$o in mano fece lui cono$cere, che que$to uet-
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parents:
diff changeset
2947 te ha maggior forza, che qualunque de gli altri communi; ne ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
2948 uerebbe giouato in altro, che in tenere $i$$a la lieua col perno della
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parents:
diff changeset
2949 Chiocciola. imperoche facendo$i il cerchio nella $ua piegatura,
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parents:
diff changeset
2950 haur&agrave; di diametro, poniamo ca$o, un braccio; facendo$i nell'e$tre-
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parents:
diff changeset
2951 mit&agrave;, non ne haur&agrave; ne anco due oncie; &amp; tanto gietta per una li-
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parents:
diff changeset
2952 nea, quanto guadagna per l'altra; $e non che una $i troua lontana
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parents:
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2953 alquanto dall'altra: &amp; da que$ta di$tanza $olamente $i piglia la
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parents:
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2954 ragione della forza. Ne gioua che ui $ia di$ferenza, per co$i di-
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parents:
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2955 re, dal moto impul$iuo, al moto attratiuo; perche nell'attratione,
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parents:
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2956 od impul$ione fatta uer$o la piegatura, la forza &egrave; l'i$te$$a, uolendo
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parents:
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2957 mouere in giro. non $arebbe gia co$i $e $i uole$$e mouere a moto
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parents:
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2958 retto: perche nel giro il punto $olamente, oue &egrave; il motore, lauora;
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parents:
diff changeset
2959 facendo il cerchio col diametro, che egli ha dal $uo centro. Alla
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parents:
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2960 di$ferenza de'moti perche non hanno hauuto l'occhio molti per al-
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parents:
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2961 tro galant'huomini, $ono $drucciolati molte uolte, quanto $ia per
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parents:
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2962 que$te inuentioni, dalla $ua primiera riputatione.</I>
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parents:
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2963 <p><I>Ba$tino per hora que$ti e$$empi, de'quali habbiamo diui$ato $in
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parents:
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2964 qu&igrave;, li quali $enza dubbio $aranno di grande utilit&agrave; per i$chiffare
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diff changeset
2965 molti errori, ne'quali tutto d&igrave; $i $cuopre, che alcuni belli ingegni
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diff changeset
2966 $ogliono incorrere. Et po$cia che a ba$tanza habbiamo trattato di
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diff changeset
2967 que$to argomento per intendere la forza del no$tro uette; tornando
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2968 al propo$ito di lui, dico che la piegatura in quello non gioua $e non
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2969 alla commodit&agrave; del motore, &amp; in tanto ageuola il moto, quanto
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diff changeset
2970 cagiona l'equilibrio nel pe$o di $e ste$$o.</I>
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diff changeset
2971 <p n=>67</p>
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diff changeset
2972 <fig>
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diff changeset
2973 <p><I>Tutto cio che &egrave; dal punto.</I> A. <I>$ino al punto. B. &egrave;$ouerchio, quanto
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2974 $ia per la forza, che uiene dalla natura del uette: per che la parte,
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diff changeset
2975 che &egrave; dal punto. B. al punto. C. $e gli oppone con uguale potenza.
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diff changeset
2976 Voglio dire, che facendo$i il cerchio nel punto. B. $ar&agrave; uinto in dia-
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diff changeset
2977 metro da quello, che $ar&agrave; fatto nel punto. D. &amp; dal grado di tal
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2978 uittoria na$ce tutta la forza. Ma perche quando il motore ha
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diff changeset
2979 mandato l'e$tremit&agrave; del uette uer$o il centro del'mondo, e$$endo il
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diff changeset
2980 uette in$ieme col manico $uo, graue di circa trenta libre, &egrave; poi bi-
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diff changeset
2981 $ogno, che $ia alzato un'altr&agrave; uolta con piu fatica di molto (all'in
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diff changeset
2982 giu il uette ui corre c&oacute; moto naturale, &amp; all'in $u bi$ogna tirarlo)
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2983 percio &egrave; stato utili$$imo aggiungerui quella parte, circuendo dal
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2984 punto.</I> A. <I>$ino al punto. C. po$cia che in tal maniera s' &egrave; fatto l'equi-
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2985 librio, &amp; la parte aggiunta con la $ua grauezza leua l'altra: di
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2986 modo che in ogni giro $i $ottragge fatica al motore di alzare tren-
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2987 ta libre di pe$o, o circa, all'altezza di due braccia: la qual fatica
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2988 $ola $arebbe atta a $neruare in breui$$imo tempo ogni gran lena di
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2989 huomo. $enza che douendo$i alzare que$to pe$o, quando le mani
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2990 $ono piu uicine al petto, nel qual $ito $i $ente (&amp; $i potrebbe anco
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2991 prouare con ragione parte medicinale, &amp; parte mathematica)
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2992 che la uirt&ugrave; loro manca a$$ai, &egrave; stato molto commodo lo $cemare
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2993 il pe$o con l'equilibrio. abenche di tale equilibrio ne dir&ograve; anco
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2994 qualche co$a fra poco, di$correndo $opra la statera del Tartaglia,</I>
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2995 <foot><I>E</I> 2</foot>
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2996 <p n=>68</p>
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2997 <I>trala$ciata da Ari$totele. Ora con que$to uette l'huomo ha un
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2998 braccio di raggio lungo, &amp; non e$$endo la Chiocciola nel $uo pe$o
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2999 piu che ott'oncie gro$$a, il raggio corto del pondo che comincia nel
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3000 mezo del perno $ar&agrave; di quattr'oncie, $i che il uette uincer&agrave; di due
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3001 parti, &amp; un'huomo haur&agrave; forza di tre, $e fu$$ero col uette di pare
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3002 raggio.</I>
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3003 <p><I>Si potr&agrave; dunque porre que$ta Chiocciola in qualunque luogo $i
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3004 uoglia, che $empre un'huomo di mediocre lena alzer&agrave; dodici oncie
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3005 d'acqua continua, &amp; con maggior cor$o dell'ordinario, all'altez-
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parents:
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3006 za di circa $ette braccia. Ne la $pe$a del mantenere il motore $a-
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parents:
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3007 r&agrave; tanta, che l'utile dell'acqua non pa$$i di gran lunga ogni danno.
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3008 Ilche chiaramente $i mo$trer&agrave; nel terzo di$cor$o. Se l'altezza de
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3009 la ripa non $ar&agrave; piu che $ette braccia, $i fara un moto $olo nella fog-
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3010 gia, che nella prima delle due $eguenti figure $i contiene, $egnata
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3011 per numero di</I> 69. <I>&amp; per regi$tro di E</I> 3.
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3012 <HEAD>Dichiaratione della prim a delle due
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3013 $eguenti figure.</HEAD>
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3014 <p><I>A. Il uette.</I>
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3015 <p><I>B. Acqua, che s'alza.</I>
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3016 <p><I>C. Acqua, che rie$ce.</I>
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3017 <p><I>D. Linea della eleuatione di $ette braccia, &amp; mezo.</I>
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3018 <p><I>E. Chiocciola lunga tredici braccia, gro$$a circa noue oncie.</I>
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3019 <p><I>F. Perno di $opra lungo fuor della Chiocciola un braccio, o circa.</I>
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diff changeset
3020 <p><I>G. Canale, che riceue l'acqua, &amp; la porta uia.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3021 <p><I>Se l'altezza della ripa pa$$er&agrave; dalle $ette braccia $ino alle tre-
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parents:
diff changeset
3022 dici, o circa, $i faranno duoi moti: &amp; allhora $i perde d'altezza
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3023 quanto importa la profondit&agrave; del ua$o, che porge l'acqua al $econ-
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3024 do ordine, che $ar&agrave; circa un braccio $olamente: &amp; $econdo Vi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3025 truuio, come habbiamo dichiarato di $opra, $arebbe in tanta al-
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parents:
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3026 tezza piu di quattro. La figura &egrave; quella $econda delle due che $e-
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diff changeset
3027 guono, $egnata per numero</I> 70. <I>&amp; per regi$tro E</I> 4.
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3028 <p n=>69</p>
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3029 <fig>
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3030 <foot><I>E</I> 3</foot>
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3031 <p n=>70</p>
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3032 <fig>
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diff changeset
3033 <foot><I>E</I> 4</foot>
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3034 <p n=>71</p>
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parents:
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3035 <HEAD>Dichiaratione della $econda figura
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3036 delle due precedenti.</HEAD>
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3037 <p><I>A. Acqua, che s'alza.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3038 <p><I>B. Linea di $ette braccia, &amp; mezo della prima eleuatione.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3039 <p><I>C. Linea di altre $ette braccia, &amp; mezo della $econda eleuatione<*>
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parents:
diff changeset
3040 ma$e ne perde un braccio nella prima, per l'altezza del ca-
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parents:
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3041 nale di legno.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3042 <p><I>D. Canale di legno, che riceue l'acqua dal primo ordine, &amp; la
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3043 porge al $econdo.</I>
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parents:
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3044 <p><I>E. Canale, che uni$ce l'acqua, &amp; la mena uia.</I>
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parents:
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3045 <p><I>F. Chiocciola lunga tredict braccia, gro$$a circanoue oncie.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3046 <p><I>G. So$tegni del primo ordine fi$$i nel canale di legno.</I>
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3047 <p><I>Si uede, che ognuno di que$ti pezzi &egrave; mobile, &amp; $i puo tra$por-
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parents:
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3048 tare ouunque $i uuole.</I>
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parents:
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3049 <p><I>Si fa anco $apere, che in tutte que$te figure s'&egrave; hauuto poca cura
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parents:
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3050 per tirarle in pro$pettiua, facendo li $corzi, &amp; l'ombre, $econdo
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parents:
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3051 l'arte: percioche co$i figurando non $i $arebbe potuto hauer la mi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3052 $ura giu$ta delle parti: anzi molte co$e, che $econdo la ragione di
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diff changeset
3053 pro$pettiua non $arebbono ui$te, $i $ono qua$i di$egnate al contra-
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diff changeset
3054 rio, accioche $i $coprano.</I>
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diff changeset
3055 <p><I>Ma $e qualchuno non $i curer &agrave; di fare maggiore i$pe$a per una
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parents:
diff changeset
3056 $iata, &amp; uorr &agrave; fabricare uno edificio stabile, cu$todito continua-
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parents:
diff changeset
3057 mente per gli pericoli, che po$$ono accadere; $i potr &agrave; $eruire della
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parents:
diff changeset
3058 statera del molino edificato nel lido di San Nicol&ograve;: perche in uero
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parents:
diff changeset
3059 &egrave; tale, che non moltiplicando$i piu la uelocit &agrave; delle chiocciole, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3060 quando elle $on mo$$e da huomini, un cauallo ne potr &agrave; mouere tre
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diff changeset
3061 a$$ai commod amente: pur che il raggio della lieua, a cui $i lega il
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parents:
diff changeset
3062 cauallo, $ia proportionato di forza al timpano dentato, &amp; alle fu-
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parents:
diff changeset
3063 $a delle rocchette. Sieno adunque le rocchette di otto fu$a in dia-
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parents:
diff changeset
3064 metro di circa mezo braccio: $ia il timpano dentato di quaranta
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parents:
diff changeset
3065 denti, in diametro di due braccia: $ia la lieua tirata dal cauallo
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parents:
diff changeset
3066 circa cinque braccia: ella uincer &agrave; di quattro parti il $emidiame-
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parents:
diff changeset
3067 tro, cio&egrave;, il raggio del timpano, &amp; $ar &agrave; anco aiutata alquanto</I>
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diff changeset
3068 <foot><I>E</I> 5</foot>
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parents:
diff changeset
3069 <p n=>72</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3070 <I>dalla lieua della rocchetta. Et perche il giro del cauallo $ara di
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parents:
diff changeset
3071 circa trent'un braccio; &amp; quel dell'huomo fatto col uette, che &egrave; un
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parents:
diff changeset
3072 braccio, non &egrave; $e non poco piu di $ei braccia, il cauallo uincer &agrave; di
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parents:
diff changeset
3073 circa cinque parti: &amp; tante a punto $ono le uolte, che fanno le
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parents:
diff changeset
3074 Chiocciole in un giro del cauallo: perche l'otto delle fu$a entra cin-
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parents:
diff changeset
3075 que uolte nel quar&aacute;ta de'denti, $iche la uelocit &agrave; $ar &agrave; qua$i l'i$te$$a:
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parents:
diff changeset
3076 auengache per ogni $ei braccia del giro del cauallo, la Chiocciola
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parents:
diff changeset
3077 $i uolter &agrave; una uolta, come $i uoltaua una uolta nelle $ei braccia del
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parents:
diff changeset
3078 giro dell'huomo; $pecialmente $e $i computer &agrave;, che il cauallo per
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parents:
diff changeset
3079 ordinario puo hauere moto alquanto piu ueloce, che il giro dell'huo
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parents:
diff changeset
3080 no. La forza anco, $upponendo che il cauallo n'habbia per tre
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parents:
diff changeset
3081 buomini, quando ui fu$$e parit &agrave; in ogni parte, ba$ter &agrave; a$$ai bene:
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parents:
diff changeset
3082 perche le Chiocciole $imilmente $ono tre, &amp; la statera del cauallo,
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parents:
diff changeset
3083 in$ieme con quella della rocchetta, uince di quanto ba$ta; cio&egrave;, di
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parents:
diff changeset
3084 piu di due parti di piu. Se la liena del cauallo $ar &agrave; piu lunga, il
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parents:
diff changeset
3085 moto $ar &agrave; piu facile, quanto al pe$o; ma bi$ogner &agrave;, uolendo $alua-
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parents:
diff changeset
3086 re la uelocit &agrave; nel pe$o, che il cauallo s'affretti piu in caminare; per
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parents:
diff changeset
3087 che far &agrave; piu gran giro, ne for$e meno s'affaticher &agrave; per la fretta c&otilde;
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parents:
diff changeset
3088 men graue pe$o, che con poco piu graue, hauendo pa$$o alquanto
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parents:
diff changeset
3089 piu tardo. Se il timpano $i far &agrave; di piu denti, in$ieme con la state-
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parents:
diff changeset
3090 ra lung a del cauallo, per $aluare l'i$te$$a uelocit &agrave;, &amp; leuare la fret-
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parents:
diff changeset
3091 ta al motore, l'effetto riu$cir &agrave; in un mede$imo con quel di $opra,
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parents:
diff changeset
3092 ch'io ho lodato. tuttauia $i far &agrave; piu $pe$a nella machina, &amp; occu-
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parents:
diff changeset
3093 pera$i piu grande $patio fuor di propo$ito. Se la lieua non $ar &agrave; piu
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parents:
diff changeset
3094 lunga della $ouradetta, &amp; il timpano haur &agrave; piu denti, cio&egrave;, cin-
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parents:
diff changeset
3095 quanta, o $e$$anta; allhora quanto $i uorrebbe, che cre$ce$$e la ue-
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parents:
diff changeset
3096 locit &agrave;, tanto $i rende difficile il moto al cauallo; $i per lo raggio del
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parents:
diff changeset
3097 pe$o, che $i fa piu lungo allargando$i il timpano dentato, $i per la
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parents:
diff changeset
3098 forza, che non aumenta alla proportione della uelocit &agrave;: ne &egrave; la
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parents:
diff changeset
3099 peggiore statera di que$ta, nella quale il cauallo a pena con gran-
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parents:
diff changeset
3100 di$$ima fatica $i potr &agrave; mouere. Faccia$i adunqne que$to i$tromento
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parents:
diff changeset
3101 con la $immetria, che s'&egrave; detto poco ha.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3102 <p><I>Quiui $arebbe tempo opportuno di di$correre $e i gradi o della
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parents:
diff changeset
3103 forza, o del pe$o, o delle qualit &agrave; naturali aggiunti in$ieme $i mol-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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3104 tiplicano alla proportione <*> come $e ad un grado di freddo ui $e n'ag
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parents:
diff changeset
3105 giunga un'altro grado pare, $e la forza d'ambiduoi in$ieme $ar &agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3106 doppia in operatione a ri$petto d'ognuno di loro, &amp; co$i di molte</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3107 <p n=>73</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3108 <I>altre piu dubbio$e proportioni. &amp; certo il $aper$i di que$ta mate-
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parents:
diff changeset
3109 ria &egrave; molto nece$$ario a tutte l'arti, che hanno il $uo fine nell'opera-
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parents:
diff changeset
3110 tioni. ma perche io non $criuo que$ti di$cor$i pen$ando, che gli
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parents:
diff changeset
3111 huomini $cientiati ui debbano porre molto studio, ma $olamente
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parents:
diff changeset
3112 ho loro raccolto qua$i alla sfuggita, per mo$trar l'u$o della Chioc-
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parents:
diff changeset
3113 ciola, il quale $eguir &agrave; piu dall'e$perienza, che da altro; io trala-
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parents:
diff changeset
3114 $cier&ograve; per hora di ragionarne: tanto piu che con uie piu nece$$aria,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
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3115 &amp; importante occa$ione n'ho gia $critto (s'io non m'inganno) qu&aacute;
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parents:
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3116 to $i conuiene in altri libri latini, che io ho ancora per le mani, di
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parents:
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3117 alcune materie medicinali; &amp; $pecialmente di molte appertenenti
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parents:
diff changeset
3118 alle $ublimationi: imperoche la proportione di que$ti gradi a Me-
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parents:
diff changeset
3119 dici $pecialmente (benche pochi $e ne curino) &egrave; cagione di far riu-
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parents:
diff changeset
3120 $cire effetti alcuna $iata pe$$imi nelle compo$itioni de'medicamenti,
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parents:
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3121 &amp; nell'altre co$e, che $i generano dalla mi$tione delle qualitati ele-
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parents:
diff changeset
3122 mentari. &amp; il mede$imo auiene nell'operationi di qua$i tutte l'al-
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parents:
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3123 tre arti. Il Monte, &amp; il Fraca$torio ambiduoi Verone$i, quello
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parents:
diff changeset
3124 nel $uo libro de'medicamenti, &amp; que$ti nel trattato de'morbi con-
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parents:
diff changeset
3125 tagio$i, accennarono di uoler ri$oluere que$to $oggetto trala$ciato,
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parents:
diff changeset
3126 od almeno non trattato quanto $i conuiene da Galeno, &amp; da tutti
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parents:
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3127 gli altri buoni Scrittori antichi; &amp; non lo compirono di fare per le
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parents:
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3128 molte occupationi, &amp; per la morte, che loro s'interpo$e. Io $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
3129 gia tanto auanti nell'i$te$$a fatica, ch'io $pero, $e il Signor I</I>DDIO
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parents:
diff changeset
3130 <I>mi conceder &agrave; $olamente la met &agrave; di quegli anni, che per lo cor$o na-
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parents:
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3131 turale $i po$$ono promettere alla mia temperatura, ancorche de-
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parents:
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3132 bole, di fare in modo, che $e non perfettamente, almeno con gran-
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parents:
diff changeset
3133 de utilit &agrave; de gli studio$i $ar &agrave; per me trattato que$to utili$$imo ar-
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parents:
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3134 gomento. Hora torniamo all'organo del moto da u$ar$i col caual-
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parents:
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3135 lo, la figura di cui &egrave; la $eguente.</I>
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parents:
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3136 <foot><I>E</I> 6</foot>
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3137 <p n=>74</p>
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3138 <p><I>A. Chiocciole di tredici braccia di lungbezza, $ituate $econdo la
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3139 $ua giu$ta eleuatione.</I>
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diff changeset
3140 <p><I>B. Rocchette fi$$e in un palo orizontale, che con un uette fi$$o nella
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diff changeset
3141 Cigognola delle Chiocciole danno loro il mouimento.</I>
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3142 <p><I>C. Subbio dritto uer$o il cielo, che $i gira di $otto $opra un perno
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diff changeset
3143 apuntato, &amp; di $opra dentro ad un cerchietto di bronzo.</I>
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diff changeset
3144 <p><I>D. Timpano dentato.</I>
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3145 <p><I>E. Lieua a cui s'attac ca il cauallo.</I>
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3146 <p><I>F. Ruota per ageuolare il moto con l'impul$ione dell'aere.</I>
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diff changeset
3147 <p><I>G. Canale, che riceue l'acqua.</I>
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3148 <p n=>75</p>
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3149 <fig>
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3150 <pb>
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3151 <fig>
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3152 <foot><I>E</I> 7</foot>
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3153 <p n=>76</p>
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3154 <p><I>Nondimeno e$$orto tutti quelli, che $ono per $eruir$i della Chioc-
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3155 ciola, che piu pre$to la facciano uoltare da gli huomini col uette
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diff changeset
3156 $ouradetto, che da'caualli con timpani dentati: percioche oltra
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3157 che la fabrica $i far &agrave; con minor $pe$a, &amp; $i potr &agrave; portare in diuer$i
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3158 luoghi $econdo il bi$ogno, non hauendo$i cagione di farla cu$todire
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3159 <*>utto l'anno; $i potr &agrave; anco alzare l'acqua con doppio ordine, come
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3160 s'&egrave; figurato di $opra: il che malageuolmente $i potrebbe $are con
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3161 caualli, &amp; $i $chiffer &agrave; il danno grande, che potrebbe molte uolte
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3162 $eguire, $e rompendo$i un dente nel timpano, od un fu$o nelle roc-
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3163 chette, $i dimora$$e buon $patio di tempo $enza poter cauar acqua,
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3164 quando piu ne fu$$e il di$aggio. che certo que$ti i$tr om&etilde;ti da ruote,
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3165 da denti, &amp; da fu$a hanno qua$i $empre bi$ogno di buoni mae$tri,
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3166 che loro tengono agiu$tati, &amp; racconciati; altrimenti $i fermano
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3167 $ouente $enza poter lauorare: talche e$$endo $oportabile la $pe$a de
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3168 gli huomini (come $i mo$trer &agrave; nel terzo ragionamento) a ri$petto
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3169 del guadagno, &amp; riu$cendo con piu commodit &agrave;, con piu facilit &agrave;, e<*>
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3170 piu $icuramente non po$$o $e non ragioneuolmente con$igliare, che
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3171 ella s'anteponga a qualunque artificio di quelle ruote dentate.</I>
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3172 <p><I>Re$ta hora, che io breuemente ragioni alquanto circa due altre
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3173 conditioni utili alla Chiocciola. una &egrave;, di darle il moto quando $<*>
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3174 uolta da gli huomini un poco piu facile, che non &egrave; detto di $opra.
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3175 l'altra &egrave; di $egnare un luogo $ul Piacentino, oue a$$ai ageuolmente
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3176 ella $i protrebbe mouere col cor$o del fiume: &amp; il mede$imo $i fa-
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3177 rebbe ne gli altri fiumi quando le circo$tanze fu$$ero l'i$te$$e. Qu&atilde;
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3178 to alla prima &egrave; da $apere, che Nicol&ograve; Tartaglia ne'$uoi que$iti, &amp;
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3179 anco nel trattato de'pe$i, rintracci&ograve; una ragione a$$ai buona, di cui
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3180 non ne di$$e parola alcuna Ari$totele nelle qui$tioni delle statere,
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3181 con la quale egli prou&ograve;, che una statera di pare raggio, &amp; uguale
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3182 pe$o nell'e$tremit &agrave; de'raggi, ancorche $ia uoltata in mille parti, ri-
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3183 torner &agrave; $empre da $e ste$$a, $e co$a alcuna non la sforza, al giu$ti$-
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3184 $imo equilibrio: imperoche in qualunque altro $ito fuora del perp&etilde;
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3185 dicolare, &amp; dell'equilibrio $ar &agrave; po$to il pe$o piu eleuato di que$ta
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3186 statera, $empre haur &agrave; $otto di $e lo $patio piu retto, per cui haur &agrave;
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3187 a pa$$are: &amp; percio $ar &agrave; $empre piu graue $econdo il $ito, $inche $i
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3188 troui nell'equilibrio; oue &egrave; sforzato a fermar$i ritrouando$i ambi-
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3189 doi li pe$i in ogni co$a uguali, et per la natura della $ua piu propria
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3190 grauezza, &amp; per la conditione del $ito. Da que$ta ragione hanno</I>
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3191 <p n=>77</p>
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3192 <I>cauato alcuni, che $ia bene, uolendo$i mouere un pe$o in giro a porli
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3193 $opra almeno due di que$te statere incrocciate ad angoli retti, con
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3194 quattro palle di pe$o uguale, una per ogni e$tremit &agrave;: perche dicono
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3195 che sforz&atilde;do$i que$ti pe$i tornar $empre all'equilibrio, &amp; e$$endo-
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3196 uene $empre uno ($e non in quel breui$$imo $patio ch'egli &egrave; nella li-
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3197 nea perpendicolare) che re$ta di $opra inchinato all'equilibrio, le
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3198 $tatere qua$i da $e $te$$e, o c&oacute; poco aiuto uoltano il pe$o in giro $opra
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3199 cui $on fi$$e. Quando il pe$o s'haue$$e a mouere per mezo giro $o-
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3200 lamente, que$ta ragione $arebbe uera anco con una $tatera $ola; ma
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3201 douendo$i mouere per un giro intiero, la palla, che nel mezo giro
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3202 &egrave; $tata in fauore nell'altro mezo s'oppone altrotanto per hauer $ito
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3203 contrario. &amp; benche $ia aiutato dall'altro pe$o dell'altra statera,
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3204 che $cende, il guadagno n&oacute; &egrave; maggior della perdita; &amp; quanto $ia
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3205 per que$ta ragione tanto uiene a punto come $e non ui fu$$ero ne $ta
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3206 tere, ne palle: $iche que$t'opera &egrave; in tutto $ouerchia. L'impul$ione
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3207 dell'aere fatta con forza d'un corpo graue puo bene aiutare alqu&atilde;
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3208 to; percioche l'aere di $opra dal pe$o ba$$o, $pinta dal pe$o alto cac-
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parents:
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3209 cia il pe$o ba$$o, a cui per la $ua grauezza l'aere $otto di lui cede
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3210 a$$ai; tanto piu quando ha incominciato a circolare, &amp; ad ondeg-
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3211 giare nel modo, che in$egnano i Filo$o$i, &amp; $pecialmente Auerrois
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3212 (perche in que$ta cagione &egrave; di$cordia fra Platone, &amp; Ari$totele)
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3213 di$putando $opra il moto della naue nel fiume, &amp; della $aetta nell'
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3214 aere. Piu continuo tuttauia farebbe il circolare, &amp; l'ondeggiare
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3215 dell'aere, $e il corpo mo$$o non u$ci$$e mai dell i$te$$o luogo: come
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3216 auene nelle ruote giu$te, &amp; c&otilde;tinue per ogni parte di loro: nel mo
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3217 to delle quali l'aere n&oacute; rende fatica mentre che $i taglia, ne la uelo-
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parents:
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3218 cit &agrave; $i ritarda per dar tempo all'aere, che entri nel luogo del corpo
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3219 mo$$o; accioche o non $i dia il uacuo, od il moto in un'i$tante: dal-
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3220 che auiene che quanto piu i raggi delle ruote Jono acuti in ambidoi
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3221 i lati in forma di rombo, tanto meno impedi$cono. Et qu&aacute;do alcuni
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3222 hanno detto che nelle ruote da'raggi l'aere, che &egrave; nel mezo di loro
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3223 gira come $e fu$$e un corpo c&oacute;tinuo, que$to $i puo for$e ueri$icare nel
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3224 le ruote che $i mouono $u i perni fermi, che $opra gli a$$i mobili n&otilde;
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diff changeset
3225 $arebbe uero. Meglio adunque uerrebbe $e $i c&oacute;pone$$e una ruota
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3226 a cui la Chiocciola fu$$e $o$tegno, &amp; ambedue $i gira$$ero $u i perni
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3227 mede$imi, la quale nella no$tra Chiocciola potrebbe e$$ert di $ei
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3228 braccia di diametro, nel modo figurato qu&igrave; appre$$o.</I>
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diff changeset
3229 <p n=>78</p>
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3230 <fig>
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diff changeset
3231 <p n=>79</p>
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3232 <p><I>A. Chiocciola di tredici braccia di lunghezza.</I>
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diff changeset
3233 <p><I>B. Ruota per ageuolare il moto fi$$a nella Chiocciola.</I>
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diff changeset
3234 <p><I>C. Eleuatione d&euml;lla Chiocciola di $ette braccia, &amp; mezo.</I>
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3235 <p><I>Imperoche la statera di que$ta ruota in ogni parte di lei ha l'equi
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3236 librio, &amp; non $i mouendo mai fuora dell'i$te$$o luogo, col mouim&etilde;-
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3237 to dell'aere fatto dalla grauezza $ua, da cui na$ce il giro, gioue-
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3238 rebbe a$$ai al moto. ilche di maniera $i uede per e$peri&etilde;za in mol-
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3239 ti i$tromenti, che afferma l' Agricola que$te ruote in Alemagna
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diff changeset
3240 $opperire per la met &agrave; della forza del motore: percioche oue bi$o-
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3241 gnano duoi huomini $enza la ruota, non ne $ogliono adoperare $e
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3242 non uno quando quella ui $ia. Ma io non ho uoluto aggiungerui
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3243 que$ta ruota prima, perche l'huomo ba$ta a$$ai da $e ste$$o $enza
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3244 altro aiuto; poi perche in ogni ca$o mi piace, che que$to i$tromento
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3245 $ia ageuole in maneggiar$i, in por$i al $ito dell'opra $ua, &amp; in tra-
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3246 $portar$i $enza impedimento, &amp; fatica da luogo a luogo, $econdo
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3247 l'occa$ione. l'ho bene aggiunta nel fu$o del timpano dentato dell'
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3248 organo del cauallo; perche quello $i $uppone che debba e$$ere sta-
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3249 bile, &amp; ben cu$todito.</I>
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3250 <p><I>Quanto alla $econda, $criue il Ce$arie$e, &amp; $i puo comprende-
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3251 re da'$egni la$ciati, che gia molti anni il Po, poi che haueua la$cia-
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3252 to Portalbera, luogo uicino ad Arena di Beccaria, $i partiua in
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3253 tre rami; il de$tro de'quali uenendo in giu correua lungo alla col-
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3254 lina di Sarmedo, $empre $econdandola $ino a Piacenza, oue &egrave; ho-
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3255 ra il Poggio de'Ratti, il Pizzo di San Si$to, &amp; tutti gli altri luo-
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3256 ghi rileuati, che allhora erano ripe. il $econdo pa$$aua qua$i a
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3257 canto al colle di San Colombano, dello Spedaletto, della Somaglia
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3258 del Corno, &amp; di tutta quella co$ta, che ancora $i uede di l&agrave; dal Po.
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3259 il terzo $cendeua nel mezo di que$ti duoi, qua$i nel $ito oue corre
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3260 hora. Da que$ta diui$ione ne na$ceuano tre graui danni: uno, che
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3261 e$$endo partite l'acque, nel tempo, ch'elle $ono ba$$e, il fiume non
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3262 era nauigabile per li Burchi gro$$i del $ale, et dell'altre mercantie:
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3263 onde tutte le $ome, che ueniuano da Ferrara, da Venetia, &amp; da gli
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3264 altri pae$i b&agrave;$$i, $i $caricauano alla Somaglia, co$i detta da que$te
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3265 $ome, &amp; compiuano il re$to del uiaggio per terra. l'altro danno
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3266 era, che nel tempo delle piene de fiume, non e$$endo ne culto, ne</I>
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3267 <p n=>80</p>
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3268 <I>arginato il terreno, che giaceua $ra un corno, &amp; l'altro. l'acque,
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3269 $alendo $opra le ripe $i congiungeuano $ouente in$ieme; &amp; $i per la
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parents:
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3270 $mi$urata larghezza, come per l'inequalit &agrave; dell'acqua, la quale
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parents:
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3271 era nell'alueo $uo alti$$ima, &amp; $opra le ripe pochi$$ima, con copia
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parents:
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3272 grande di lutto, non $i poteuano qua$i mai uaricare. il terzo era
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3273 la gran perdita di $i gran $patio di pae$e, che non $i poteua con utile
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3274 maggiore della $pe$a ne arginare da tante parti, ne coltiuare. Il
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3275 Duca Galeazzo Vi$conte, quello che edific&ograve; il belli$$imo ponte $ul
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3276 Ticino, &amp; il $uperbo palazzo del capello di Pauia; qua$i in em&eacute;-
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3277 da della prodigalit &agrave;, che egli haueua u$ato in tirare un muro in
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parents:
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3278 fortezza di uenti miglia di circuito, &amp; di piu d'altro tanto in tra-
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parents:
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3279 mezi per li parchi delle fiere; $i deliber&ograve; con animo ueramente rea-
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3280 le di fare un gran beneficio a'$uoi popoli (que$ta fu bene una $pe$a
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3281 magnanima, &amp; degna di uero principe) liberandoli da quei primi
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3282 danni; &amp; e$$endo cagione, che $i gran $patio di campagna $i pote$$e
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3283 coltiuare. Hauendo adunque cono$ciuto che il $ito lo fauoriua a$-
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3284 $ai, percioche il fiume oue incominciaua a partir$i haueua un pen-
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3285 dio maggiore dell'ordinario, tir&ograve; un forti$$imo argine da ambedue
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3286 le $ponde, incominciando molto di $opra, oue il fiume cadeua piu
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parents:
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3287 ueloce, a li<*>ea a poco a poco fatta retta, &amp; qua$i pararella, $ino
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3288 alla bocca del Tidone, &amp; del Lambro, che &egrave; il cor$o di circa $ette
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3289 miglia: &amp; co$i ri$trin$e tutti quei tre rami in quel di mezo, oue
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3290 ancora $i trouano uniti. da indi in qua il fiume &egrave; stato nauigabile,
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3291 $i uarica da tutto tempo, &amp; s'&egrave; po$to tanto terreno alla coltura, che
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3292 $i fa conto, che hoggid&igrave; da quello, che &egrave; fra una antica ripa, &amp; l'al-
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3293 tra, $e ne caua piu di cento mila $cudi ogni anno. Cau&ograve; poi anco
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3294 dal Lago maggiore que$to Principe, per fare il $eruigio compito,
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3295 un braccio d'acqua nauigabile, che $i chiama il Nauiglio, &amp; lo
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3296 condu$$e a Milano, facendolo uicino a Pauia sboccare nel Ticino;
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parents:
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3297 accioche tutte le merci, che $i mena$$ero per Po, $i pote$$ero c&otilde;dur
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3298 re $ino a Milano $empre per acqua. Ma poi che furono fatti li doi
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3299 forti$$imi argini detti, $eguirono tre effetti: uno che il cor$o del fiu-
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3300 me n&oacute; muta $ito come nell'altre parti: l'altro ch'egli &egrave; ueloci$$imo,
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3301 &amp; impetuo$o; $i perche $cende a linea retta $enza romper$i in an-
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3302 golo alcuno, $i perche cade da luogo alto, et c&oacute; grandi$$imo pendio:
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3303 il terzo na$ce da que$ti duoi, &amp; &egrave; che per le piene quantunque gr&aacute;
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3304 di$$ime non s'alza mai l'acqua fuor delle ripe; perche la uelocit &agrave;,</I>
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3305 <p n=>81</p>
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parents:
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3306 <I>&amp; rettitudine del cor$o, la porta uia tutta ancorche copio$i$$ima.
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parents:
diff changeset
3307 Et per cio dal Tidone, $ino ad Arena, non $i fanno argini in alcu<*>
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parents:
diff changeset
3308 luogo. di $otto dal Tidone la decaduta &egrave; minore, il cor$o &egrave; torto,
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parents:
diff changeset
3309 &amp; rotto da gli angoli, &amp; percio il fiume $i rallenta, &amp; stagnando
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parents:
diff changeset
3310 alquanto, $alta fuor delle ripe, $iche ui bi$ognano gli argini a rite-
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parents:
diff changeset
3311 nerlo. Se uno $ar &agrave; alla bocca del Tidone in mezo del Po, guard&atilde;do
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parents:
diff changeset
3312 in $u, uedr &agrave; $ino a Portalbera a linea retta, $enza hauere impedi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3313 mento alcuno: il che for$e per $i lungo $patio non auiene in altra
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parents:
diff changeset
3314 parte di que$to fiume: ne auerrebbe qu&igrave;, $e non ui fu$$e interuenuto
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parents:
diff changeset
3315 la magnanmit &agrave; di quello honorati$$imo Principe. Le ripe di que-
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parents:
diff changeset
3316 $to tratto $ino ad Arena $ono alte, &amp; il fondo del fiume oue comin
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parents:
diff changeset
3317 cia in maggior pendio &egrave; piu alto alla liuella (come io prouai di du-
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parents:
diff changeset
3318 gento in dagento braccia col cherobare, &amp; col traguardo) che il
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parents:
diff changeset
3319 piano del poggio di San Si$to: in manier a che $e $i pote$$e far la $pe
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parents:
diff changeset
3320 $a de gli argini, &amp; de'cauamenti, &amp; $pecialmente delli gatti, per
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parents:
diff changeset
3321 pa$$are i terreni, che ui $ono in mezo, $i tirerebbe l'acqua a Pia-
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parents:
diff changeset
3322 cenza (quanto $ia per la decaduta) poi che fu$$e alzata $opra le
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parents:
diff changeset
3323 ripe. In que$to luogo adunque, oue le ripe $ono ferme, il cor$o del-
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parents:
diff changeset
3324 l'acqua stabile, &amp; il fiume non e$ce mai fuora del $uo letto ordina-
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parents:
diff changeset
3325 rio, non $arebbe contra ragione il fare alcune machine $o$tenute
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parents:
diff changeset
3326 dalle barche, come $i fanno i molini: $opra le quali, con l'aiuto de
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parents:
diff changeset
3327 le ruote uoltate dal cor$o impetuo$o del fiume, $i gira$$ero le chioc-
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parents:
diff changeset
3328 chiole proportionate all'altezza delle ripe, &amp; alla forza del mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3329 tore. ilche facilmente $i potrebbe ordinare da chi intende$$e que$to
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parents:
diff changeset
3330 magi$tero, potendo$i con quelle dar l'acqua a tutto il terreno, che &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3331 fra il Tidone, la collina, &amp; il Po. Ma po$cia che que$te conditioni
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parents:
diff changeset
3332 non po$$ono e$$ere uniuer$almente per tutto, &amp; il far la $pe$a con
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parents:
diff changeset
3333 molte machine $ul fiume, $arebbe opera piu pre$to da qualche gran
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parents:
diff changeset
3334 Principe denaro$o, che da priuati; $ar &agrave; bene per hora appigliar$i
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parents:
diff changeset
3335 alla Chiocciola mo$$a da gli huomini, nel modo detto piu auanti:
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parents:
diff changeset
3336 perche co$i l'impre$a &egrave; piu $icura, $i puo $ituare la Chiocciola in
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parents:
diff changeset
3337 ogni luogo, la $pe$a &egrave; pochi$$ima in fabricarla, &amp; oltra ad ogni $pe
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parents:
diff changeset
3338 $a in mantenerla, l'entrata per la maggior parte $i raddoppia.
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parents:
diff changeset
3339 Legga il $eguente di$cor$o, chi cio uorr &agrave; uedere, &amp; toccare chia-
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parents:
diff changeset
3340 ramente.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3341 <HEAD><I>IL FINE.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
3342 <p n=>83</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3343 <HEAD>DE' TRE DISCORSI SOPRA
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parents:
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3344 IL MODO D'ALZAR ACQVE
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parents:
diff changeset
3345 DA' LVOGHI BASSI.</HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
3346 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
3347 <HEAD><I>DISCORSO TERZO.</I></HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
3348 <p>I<I>O</I> SO, CHE <I>dalla maggior parte di
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parents:
diff changeset
3349 coloro, che leggono que$ti miei ragio-
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parents:
diff changeset
3350 namenti, $ono a$pettato a que$ta ulti-
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parents:
diff changeset
3351 ma parte, come ad ultimo fine della
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parents:
diff changeset
3352 machina, &amp; delle tante ragioni, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3353 di $opra $i $ono annouerate: impero-
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parents:
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3354 che poco &egrave; il numero di quelli, che ne
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parents:
diff changeset
3355 di$cor$i delle co$e, il fine delle quali &egrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3356 l'operatione, apprezzino la uaghez-
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parents:
diff changeset
3357 za delle cagioni loro; $e non ne ueggono poi $ubito $eguire utilit &agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3358 alcuna manife$ta, &amp; approuata dall'e$perienza. Gli huomini,
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parents:
diff changeset
3359 per lo piu, con un certo i$tinto $eguendo l'aui$o di Socrate, la$ciano
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3360 le $peculationi a quelli $piriti, che non di$tratti dalla nece$$it &agrave; delle
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3361 conditioni con$eruatrici della uita ciuile, tentano qua$i tra$mutar$i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3362 nella natura delle menti cele$ti; &amp; piu pre$to appigli&atilde;do$i all'ope-
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parents:
diff changeset
3363 rationi, cercano quanto prima di cono$cerne l'u$o, per con$eguirne
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parents:
diff changeset
3364 piu uicino, che $ia po$$ibile, l'utilit &agrave;, che da principio $i propo$ero.
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parents:
diff changeset
3365 Ma io non uorrei dare occa$ione a qualchuno di que$ti prattici del
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parents:
diff changeset
3366 mondo, che dice$$e a me qua$i nell'i$te$$o modo, benche in diuer$o
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parents:
diff changeset
3367 $oggetto, cio che fu ri$po$to a quel gran filofefo Atenie$e da un Spar
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parents:
diff changeset
3368 tano del tutt o ignorante delle $cienze: percioche dicendogli il Fi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3369 lo$ofo, che $i marauigliaua, che in I$parta non ui fu$$e alcuno, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3370 $ape$$e rendere ragione della $cienza ciuile, o $ape$$e le cagioni de
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parents:
diff changeset
3371 le uirt&ugrave; morali, delle quali &egrave; conueneuole, che $ia ornato l'ammo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3372 no$tro: ri$po$e lui lo Spartano, &amp; io mi marauiglio a$$ai piu, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3373 in I$parta, oue non $i $a di$put are delle uirt&ugrave;, &amp; de'uitij, $ieno per
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parents:
diff changeset
3374 la maggior parte huomini di buoni co$tumi, &amp; $i uiua generalm&etilde;-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3375 <p n=>84</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3376 <I>te $econdo la forma delle buone leggi; &amp; in Atene, oue da tutte
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parents:
diff changeset
3377 l'hore s'imparano le $cienze, &amp; le cagioni del bene operare, $iene
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parents:
diff changeset
3378 qua$i tutti gli huomini, &amp; $pecialmente i Filo$o$i, $celerati, &amp; di
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parents:
diff changeset
3379 uita stranamente di$$oluta. Conchiudendo per tal ri$po$ta, che al-
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parents:
diff changeset
3380 tro &egrave;il di$correre con ragione nell'operotioni, altro il porle in e$$e-
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parents:
diff changeset
3381 cutione. Gioua alcun a uolta piu, come dice Ari$totele, nell'arti
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parents:
diff changeset
3382 una buona prattica, &amp; con$uetudiue di bene operare; &amp; un lungo
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parents:
diff changeset
3383 u$o con$ermato, da molte e$perienze; che la $ola $pecul&agrave;tione, non
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parents:
diff changeset
3384 approuata da uarij effetti caduti, $econdo l'ordine della ragione:
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parents:
diff changeset
3385 percio io dopo il di$cor$o dell&egrave; ragioni, me ne uengo in que$ta par-
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parents:
diff changeset
3386 te, come ho fatto nella fabrica della Chiocciola, &amp; dell'organo del
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parents:
diff changeset
3387 moto $uo, alla proua, &amp; a gli effetti prome$$i da quelle. Far&ograve;
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parents:
diff changeset
3388 adunque il conto in que$to terzo ragionamento dell'utile, &amp; del
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parents:
diff changeset
3389 danno, che puo $eguire dall'u$o della Chiocciola; per quelli acci-
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parents:
diff changeset
3390 denti, che tutto d&igrave; $i ueggono per e$perienza: &amp; poi dir&ograve;in quai
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parents:
diff changeset
3391 luoghi ella $i ueder &agrave; in que$ti principij lauorare, &amp; produrre l'u-
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parents:
diff changeset
3392 tilit &agrave;, che hauremo conchiu$o, che ne debba riu$cire. Ma perche
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diff changeset
3393 l'utilit &agrave; puo e$$ere di tre $orti, una circa l'entrata dell'agricoltura,
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diff changeset
3394 $ottrati che $aranno tutti li danni, &amp; tutte le $pe$e: l'altra circa
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diff changeset
3395 la $anit &agrave; de'corpi no$tri: la terza circa il beneficio publico, che
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diff changeset
3396 appertiene all'u$icio de'magi$trati: percio di parte in parte $uccin-
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diff changeset
3397 tamente mo$treremo la uerit &agrave; d'ognuna di loro.</I>
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diff changeset
3398 <p><I>Gia &egrave; conchiu$o di $opra, che la Chiocciola no$tra alza almeno
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parents:
diff changeset
3399 dodici oncie d'acqua $econdo la mi$ura Piacentina, alta circa $ette
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diff changeset
3400 braccia. che $i puo mouere da un'huomo di mediocre lena. che $i
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diff changeset
3401 puo $ituare in ogni luogo, &amp; in tutte l'acque &amp; correnti, &amp; mor-
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parents:
diff changeset
3402 te. che $i puo raddoppiare, &amp; triplicare il moto $ino all'altezza
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diff changeset
3403 di circa uenti braccia. &amp; che $i puo tra$portare da luogo a luogo,
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diff changeset
3404 &amp; $erbare in $icuro per ogni pericolo. Hora pa$$iamo piu auanti
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diff changeset
3405 ad e$$aminare certi altri capi, che o concorrono nece$$ariamente
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diff changeset
3406 alla generatione del guadagno, od almeno le portano grandi$$ima
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diff changeset
3407 commodit &agrave;.</I>
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diff changeset
3408 <p><I>Primier amente dico, che le dodici oncie d'acqua, cherie$cono,
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parents:
diff changeset
3409 &amp; pa$$ano per la Chiocciola quando $i moue con la uelocit &agrave;, che le
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diff changeset
3410 puo dare un'huomo di mediocre lena, che s'habbia a mantenere;
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parents:
diff changeset
3411 hanno piu ueloce il cor$o, che da'Geometri, &amp; da gli Architetti
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parents:
diff changeset
3412 non $i $uole a$$egnare ordinariamente al moto dell'acque. Lami-</I>
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diff changeset
3413 <p n=>85</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3414 <I>nor decaduta $econdo loro, come accennai di $opra, &egrave; per ogni otto
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parents:
diff changeset
3415 stadi un piede: la maggiore, ne'fiumi nauigabili non dee e$$ere per
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diff changeset
3416 ogni otto stadi piu di $ei piedi; perche e$$endo piu, le naui non po-
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parents:
diff changeset
3417 tranno commodamente e$$ere tirate contra il cor$o del fiume. Vi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3418 truuio ne d&agrave; a gli acquedotti, per ogni cento picdi, almeno mezo
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parents:
diff changeset
3419 piede: la qual regola uince ogni commune e$perienza, &amp; $e fu$$e
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diff changeset
3420 o$$eruata, di rado $i potrebbono condurre l'acque per lungo $patio
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parents:
diff changeset
3421 da luogo a luogo, auenga che di rado $i trouano $iti di tanto pendio.
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diff changeset
3422 Non $i $arebbe gia potuto fare con quella il Nauiglio di Milano,
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diff changeset
3423 il quale, come $criue il Ce$arie$e, che fu pre$ente mentre $i com-
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diff changeset
3424 pa$$aua la decaduta di lui col cherobare, hebbe fra le quattro parti
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parents:
diff changeset
3425 piu delle tre meno, che non $criue Vitruuio, &amp; uenne beni$$mo:
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parents:
diff changeset
3426 in modo che chi glie n'haue$$e uoluto dar piu, il $ito non l'haurebbe
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parents:
diff changeset
3427 $opportato. Ma la Chiocciola uince di gran lunga in decaduta la
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parents:
diff changeset
3428 $mi$urata regola di Vitruuio: perche e$$endo lunga tredici braccia
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parents:
diff changeset
3429 in circa uenti braccia di lunghezza computato il riuolgimento del
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parents:
diff changeset
3430 uerme, ha piu di cinque oncie di pendio; $i che n'ha qua$i tanto,
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parents:
diff changeset
3431 come $e $econdo il precetto di Vitruuio haue$$e lunghezza di piu
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parents:
diff changeset
3432 di ottanta braccia. Epoi co$a chiara, il che s'&egrave; mo$trato piu adie-
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parents:
diff changeset
3433 tro, che uincendo l'acqua in cor$o, uince in quantit &agrave;: adunque
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parents:
diff changeset
3434 que$te dodici oncie riu$ciranno a molto maggiore quantit &agrave;, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3435 quelle del cor$o ordinario.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3436 <p><I>Oltre a cio faccio $apere, perche n'ho le mi$ure, che per ordina-
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parents:
diff changeset
3437 rio le ripe del Po, quando l'acqua &egrave; piu ba$$a, non $ono molto piu
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parents:
diff changeset
3438 alte di tredici braccia Piacentine, &amp; ricercano duoi ordini di
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parents:
diff changeset
3439 chiocciole. ma quelle de gli altri fiumi come il Tanaro, l'Ambro
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parents:
diff changeset
3440 l'Adda, l'Oglio, &amp; altri tali non pa$$ano in molti luoghi l'altez-
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parents:
diff changeset
3441 za di $ette braccia, alla quale un'ordine $olo di chiocciole ba$ter &agrave;.
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parents:
diff changeset
3442 il che &egrave; anco in alcune acque morte, o poco correnti; come &egrave; nella
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parents:
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3443 morticcia, &amp; altre $imili.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3444 <p><I>Di piu, $i $a da ognuno, che habbia qualche prattica dell'agri-
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parents:
diff changeset
3445 coltura, che un canale da prato di $e$$anta oncie d'acqua $econdo la
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parents:
diff changeset
3446 mi$ura Piacentina, che $ono tre oncie, &amp; tre quarti Milane$i, an-
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parents:
diff changeset
3447 corche non $ia dell'acqua di Po, la quale &egrave; gra$$i$$ima, adacquer &agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3448 in un giorno naturale, cio&egrave;, in uentiquattro hore, circa cento per-
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parents:
diff changeset
3449 tiche di terreno; $e bene egli non $ar &agrave; di $ua natura molto humido;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3450 perche per ordinario n'adacquer &agrave; per ogni $ei hore xxy. pertiche.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3451 <p n=>86</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3452 <p><I>Eancora manife$to, che communemente a i prati non $i $uol dar
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parents:
diff changeset
3453 l'acqua $e non ogni quindeci giorni una u&ouml;lta, &amp; che non $entono
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3454 $iccit &agrave; d'importanza, pur che $icno adacquati due uolte per ogni
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parents:
diff changeset
3455 me$e. dalle quali due po$itioni $i conchiude, che un canale da pra-
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parents:
diff changeset
3456 to d' acqua, correndo continuamente, adacquer &agrave; ogni quindici
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parents:
diff changeset
3457 giorni una uolta mille cinquecento pertiche di terra, cio&egrave;, cento
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parents:
diff changeset
3458 per ogni giorno; &amp; ritornando di nuouo non la$cier &agrave; loro manca-
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parents:
diff changeset
3459 re mai l'acqua per tutti li bi$ogni.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3460 <p><I>Similmente $i $a, che per ordinario a i prati, &amp; $pecialmente
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parents:
diff changeset
3461 a quelli, che fu$$ero lungo il Po, oue il terreno &egrave; a$$ai humido, non
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parents:
diff changeset
3462 s'incomincia a dar l'acqua, $e non da mezo Maggio, $ino a mezo
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parents:
diff changeset
3463 Ago$to; che &egrave; lo $patio di tre me$i. talche $onente il primo fieno
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parents:
diff changeset
3464 $i taglia $enza acqua, &amp; la $iccit &agrave; $i $ente $olamente nel $econdo,
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parents:
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3465 &amp; nel terzo.</I>
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parents:
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3466 <p><I>Si puo anco facilmente far conto, che cauando una chiocciola
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parents:
diff changeset
3467 dodici oncie d'acqua, cinque chiocciolene caucranno con un moto
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parents:
diff changeset
3468 $olo, cio&egrave;, all'altezza di circa $ette braccia, $e$$anta oncie, che $o-
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parents:
diff changeset
3469 no il canale da prato detto di $opra: onde ui bi$ogneranno cinque
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parents:
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3470 huomini per uoltarle. ma accioche que$ti habbiano tempo di man
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parents:
diff changeset
3471 giare, di dormire, &amp; di ri$torar$i, $ar &agrave; bene a poruene altri cin-
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parents:
diff changeset
3472 que; li quali di quattro in quattro hore $ottentrino a que$ta medio
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parents:
diff changeset
3473 cre fatica, &amp; facciano correre l'acqua il giorno, &amp; la notte con-
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parents:
diff changeset
3474 tinuamente, &amp; con facilit &agrave; maggiore, che non &egrave; $egare il fieno, &amp;
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parents:
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3475 fare l'altre opere ru$ticali.</I>
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parents:
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3476 <p><I>Que$ti dieci huomini dando loro il lauoro per tre me$i continui,
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parents:
diff changeset
3477 &egrave; $enza dubbio, che $acendo$i le $pe$e da loro i$te$$i, $i pagheranno
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parents:
diff changeset
3478 con tre $cudi al me$e per cia$cheduno, a fare il partito gra$$o: &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3479 co$i dando $pe$a di trenta $cudi ogni me$e, in tre me$i co$teranno
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parents:
diff changeset
3480 nouanta $cudi, che $ono, a $ei libre l'uno, libre cinquecento quar&atilde;-
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parents:
diff changeset
3481 ta. Euero che i Gentilhuomini per la maggior parte loro condu-
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parents:
diff changeset
3482 ranno con a$$ai minor prezzo, $eruendo$i di quei $uoi lauoranti,
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parents:
diff changeset
3483 che $ul Piaccntino $i chiamano Brazzenti.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3484 <p><I>Nell'i$te$$o modo &egrave; chiaro, che ogni pertica di terra, a cui non
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parents:
diff changeset
3485 manchi mai acqua, per tutti li tre tagli dell'herba, produce alme-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3486 no un terzo di carro di fieno ogni anno, oltra li pa$coli delli quar-
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parents:
diff changeset
3487 tiruoli; $i che mille cinquecento pertiche produranno almeno cin-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3488 quecento carri di fieno.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3489 <foot><I>F</I></foot>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3490 <p n=>87</p>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3491 <p><I>S'&egrave; ancora prouato, che da molti anni in qu&agrave; il $ieno non s'&egrave;mai
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parents:
diff changeset
3492 uenduto manco di uenti libre per carro, &amp; molte fiate s'&egrave;uenduto
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parents:
diff changeset
3493 uenticinque, &amp; trenta libre. tuttauia in que$to conto ponga$i al
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parents:
diff changeset
3494 mino<*> prezzo, che $i po$$a, &amp; $ia libre $edici per carro: di manie-
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parents:
diff changeset
3495 ra, che cinquecento carra $i uenderanno alla Ca$$ina almeno libre
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parents:
diff changeset
3496 ottomila, &amp; tanto $i cauer &agrave; almeno di mille cinquecento pertiche
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parents:
diff changeset
3497 di prato.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3498 <p><I>Ora conuiene $ottraggere prima cio che $i cauaua del terreno
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3499 auanti che fu$$e prato; che al piu, $econdo il commune u$o, &egrave; libre
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3500 due per pertica: abenche la maggior parte del terreno, che s'affit-
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parents:
diff changeset
3501 ta, quando &egrave; del tutto $enza acqua, pa$$a di poco tre reali per per-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3502 tica. co$i mille cinquecento pertiche rendeuano libre tremila.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3503 <p><I>Aggiunga$i a que$te la $pe$a de gli huomini, che mouono le
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parents:
diff changeset
3504 Chiocciole dette di $opra, che &egrave; in un moto $olo libre cinquecento
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3505 quaranta: $i che in tutto $ono libre tremila cinquecento quaranta:
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3506 &amp; in duoi moti libre mille ottanta. in tutto libre quattro mila
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3507 ottanta.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3508 <p><I>La $pe$a dell'agricoltura in acconciare li prati, tagliare il fieno,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3509 condurlo alle ca$$ine, dare il ledame, &amp; altre $imili co$e, anch'e$$a
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3510 deue e$$ere $ottrata: &amp; ne i prati, che $i chiamano prata, qua$i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3511 parata, non puo e$$ere di piu che $ette $oldi per pertica, o circa. &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3512 $ono in mille cinquecento pertiche libre ciuquecento uenticinque.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3513 in tutto $ono libre quattromila cinquecento cinque.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3514 <p><I>Si puo dare per le $pe$e di acconciare, &amp; ra$$ettare le Chioccio-
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parents:
diff changeset
3515 le ogni anno $otto$opra al piu un $cudo per cia$cheduna: perche $o-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3516 no forti$$ime, &amp; in maniera ben formate, che ne per lungo u$o, ne
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3517 per ogni gran perco$$a $i potrebbono gua$tare in co$a di molta im-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3518 portanza. Li perni che $i logorano piu di qualunque altra co$a,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3519 $ono in maniera temperati, &amp; ben po$ti, che $i po$$ono leuare con
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parents:
diff changeset
3520 pochi$$ima fatica, &amp; $pe$a, ba$tando che s'acconcino una uolta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3521 l'anno prima che $i pongano all'opera. La coperta ancora benche
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3522 $ia artificio$amente, &amp; fortemente stabilita, s'alza nondimeno
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parents:
diff changeset
3523 ageuolmente; &amp; percio $i puo anco fare prouedimento dentro nell'
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parents:
diff changeset
3524 anima, &amp; ne'riuolgimenti de'uermi, con non molta indu$tria: in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3525 modo che ogni ordinario mae$tro $ar &agrave; a propo$ito per cio fare. Et
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3526 $i uedr &agrave; per e$perienza, che una Chiocciola ben tenuta far &agrave; buona
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3527 opera per piu di uenti anni. la qual conditione non &egrave; ancora stata</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3528 <p n=>88</p>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3529 <I>ui$ta in alcuna dell'altre machine u$ate $ino a que$ti tempi. Adun-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3530 que co$tando la $pe$a del racconciarla, &amp; ra$$ettarla dieci $cudi, il
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3531 tutto $ar &agrave; libre quattromila cinquecento $e$$anta cinque.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3532 <p><I>Dia$i anco per le $pefe di nettare li canali, &amp; pagare, come $i
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3533 dice il Camparo, o cu$tode dell'acqua, libre cento cinquanta: cl e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3534 $aranno libre quattromila $ettecento quindici. tuttauia la $pe$a<*>e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3535 canali dell'acqua, coloro che l'hanno uicina al $uo terreno, &amp; $i l
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3536 fatto i$te$$o, non $ar &agrave; di con$ideratione, &amp; $i puo hauere com<*> io
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3537 dir&ograve; in certi auertimenti di $otto.</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3538 <p><I>Le libre dugento ottanta cinque, che auanzano a compire la
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3539 $omma di libre cinque mila, $i po$$ono mettere a conto del premio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3540 dell'inuentione $econdo la forma de'priuilegij ottenuti: ancora che
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3541 come ho gia detto, l'animo mio non $ia di farne mercatantia.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3542 <p><I>Dalle cinque $ino alle ottomila libre, tutto s'auanza. &amp; alla
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3543 perfine $i comprende, che il terreno, che al piu rendeua libre tre-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3544 mila, con l'aiuto della Chiocciola $ottratto ogni danno, &amp; ogni
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parents:
diff changeset
3545 $pe$a (la$cio il prezzo dell'acqua publica per chi n'haur &agrave; bi$ogno,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3546 perche non e mio ufficio a ragionarne) render &agrave; libre $eimila, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3547 almeno, oue anco $aranno nece$$arij duoi moti, raddoppier &agrave; l'en-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3548 trata: che oue non $ar &agrave; me$tieri hauerne $e non uno, s'auanzer &agrave;
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parents:
diff changeset
3549 di piu la $pe$a di dieci huomini per tre me$i, &amp; la $pe$a di cinque
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3550 $cudi meno, $critta per racconciare le Chiocciole. &amp; $arebbeno in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3551 tutto libre cinquecento $ettanta di piu. Qual utile dunque ne $e-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3552 guirebbe $e il fieno $i uende$$e uenti, &amp; uenticinque libre per car-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3553 ro, come &egrave; auenuto molte uolte? Facciane il conto chi uuole, che a
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3554 me ba$ta hauerlo fatto $ul minor prezzo, &amp; $ule maggiori $pe$e.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3555 <p><I>Non uoglio la$ciare, dopo il $oura$critto conto, di dare alcuni
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3556 utili auertimenti nel pre$ente negocio. &amp; $ono que$ti.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3557 <p><I>Che le ripe del Po, per e$$ere state inondate, &amp; alzate dalla
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parents:
diff changeset
3558 piena del fiume, $ono piu alte alla liuella di tutti li campi, che $ono
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3559 dentro alli duoi colli detti alla fine del $econdo ragionam&etilde;to: au&etilde;-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3560 ga che per e$$ere que$ti campi dife$i da gli argini, non $onoeleuati
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3561 dal fango al pare delle ripe, che $ono $ra gli argini, &amp; il fiume. il
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3562 che $ar &agrave; di hiouamento a dar la decaduta facile all'acqua, poi che
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diff changeset
3563 $ar &agrave; tirata $ule ripe. &amp; il mede$imo dico de gli altri fiumi argi-
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diff changeset
3564 nati, percioche oue non $ia que$to uantaggio, $ar &agrave; nece$$ario alzar
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parents:
diff changeset
3565 l'acqua tanto $opra il piano delle ripe, quanto $ar &agrave; a$$ai per dare la</I>
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diff changeset
3566 <foot><I>F</I> 2</foot>
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diff changeset
3567 <p n=>89</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3568 <I>decaduta ragioneuole alla lunghezza del canale, che $i uorr &agrave;fare.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3569 <p><I>Che ui $ono molte bocche di torrenti, le quali han&ngrave;o di continuo
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parents:
diff changeset
3570 copia d'acqua $orgente, &amp; le cui ripe non $ono alte piu di dieci
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parents:
diff changeset
3571 braccia, o circa: come $ono la bocca del Tidone alla Seccamelega,
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parents:
diff changeset
3572 la bocca della Ragnatella da Calenda$co in gi&ugrave;, la bocca della Nu-
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parents:
diff changeset
3573 ra da Roncaglia in gi&ugrave;, la bocca della Chiauena da Caor$o in gi&ugrave;,
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parents:
diff changeset
3574 &amp; altre d'altri $imili in diuer$i luoghi.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3575 <p><I>Che uicino a'$iumi ui $ono molti stagni, fo$$e, &amp; lagune abon-
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parents:
diff changeset
3576 danti d'acqua; la quale $e $i caua$$e, di nuouo tornerebbe per le
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parents:
diff changeset
3577 uene $otterranee, ne mancherebbe mai; po$cia ehe $empre $cema-
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parents:
diff changeset
3578 no, &amp; cre$cono $econdo lo $cemare, &amp; il cre$cere del fiume: &amp; pa-
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parents:
diff changeset
3579 rimente hanno le ripe $econdo l'altezza delle ripe del $iume.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3580 <p><I>Che ni$$un pozzo uicino a'$iumi ha maggior pro$ondit &agrave; quan-
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diff changeset
3581 do l'acqua $ua &egrave; piu ba$$a, dalla $uperficie del terreno alla $uperfi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3582 cie di lei, di quella delle ripe del $iume uicino: uotando$i anco que-
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parents:
diff changeset
3583 $ti pozzi, &amp; riempendo$i alla liuella della $uper$icie del fiume.
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parents:
diff changeset
3584 Dal che $i cono$ce, che chi non &egrave; lontano da'fiumi, &amp; uole$$e hauer
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parents:
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3585 l'acqua dal $uo i$te$$o terreno nel fatto proprio, non accaderebbe,
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parents:
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3586 che face$$e altro, che una fo$$a profonda alla liuella del fondo del
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parents:
diff changeset
3587 fiume, in cui $itua$$e le Chiocciole: perche co$i facendo cauerebbe
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parents:
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3588 quant'acqua le fu$$e commoda, entrandone di continuo altratanta
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parents:
diff changeset
3589 dal fiume per le uene $otterranee. &amp; que$to $i uede ogni d&igrave; per e$pe
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parents:
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3590 rienza nelle fo$$e cauate accidentalmente dalle piene del $iume.
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parents:
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3591 Eben uero, che l'acqua non puo e$$ere gra$$a al pari di quella del
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3592 $iume, &amp; $pecialmente del Po; perche la$cia gran parte della $ua
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parents:
diff changeset
3593 gra$$ezza per la rena, &amp; per li pori di $otterra.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3594 <p><I>Che $enza pericolo alcuno di mal'euento, o di$a$tro importante
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parents:
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3595 $i po$$ono fare fo$$e, che uenghino da'$iumi $in dentro a gli argini
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parents:
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3596 loro, &amp; portino tant'acqua continuamente quanta ba$ter &agrave; per lo
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parents:
diff changeset
3597 bi$ogno: perche $i uede nel Po oue &egrave; rapaci$$imo, che con tutto che
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parents:
diff changeset
3598 ui $ieno li canali delli ri$iuti d'alcune acque $orgenti, &amp; d'alcuni
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parents:
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3599 $colatori, che $i uni$cono con l'acqua del $iume, non per que$to ne
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parents:
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3600 $egue danno di con$ideratione: ma molto meno ne $eguirebbe, $e
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parents:
diff changeset
3601 $econdo la uera ragione d'agricoltura, $u$$ero cauati non ad ango-
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parents:
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3602 lo retto, come $ono, ma ad angolo acuto tirato dal $iume all'argine
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parents:
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3603 con linea contraria al cor$o dell'acqua.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3604 <p><I>Che per uigore delle leggi municipali, &amp; per con$uetudine an-</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3605 <p n=>90</p>
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3606 <I>ti<*>a ognuno &egrave; tenuto a concedere il pa$$aggio $ul $uo terreno all'ac-
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parents:
diff changeset
3607 que, che $i conducono: pur che i canali $i facciano con manco
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parents:
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3608 danno, che $i puo; &amp; $i paghi il terreno occupato, o $i concedino le
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parents:
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3609 quindecine a coloro per lo terreno de'quali $i fanno pa$$ar l'acque.
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parents:
diff changeset
3610 Nondimeno chi uorr &agrave; cauar le fo$$e $ul $uo campo $ino alla liuella
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parents:
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3611 del fondo del fiume uicino, haur &agrave; l'acqua in fatto $enza$pe$a di far
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parents:
diff changeset
3612 canali, &amp; $enza $eruir$i di quelle leggi, od hauer cagione di farla
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parents:
diff changeset
3613 cu$todire, accioche non li $ia inuolata, &amp; diuertita per lo uiaggio.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3614 <p><I>Che la machina atta a leuare un canale d'acqua $ouradetto, $i
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parents:
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3615 fabrichera con i$pe$a di dugento cinquanta $eudi, o circa; compu-
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parents:
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3616 tato ogni co$a, eccetto la$pc$a del cauare le fo$$e, &amp; di farle il co-
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parents:
diff changeset
3617 perchio delle cannuccie, o della paglia, che $ar &agrave; di pochi$$ima con-
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parents:
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3618 $ideratione: &amp; co$i l'auanzo del primo anno, pa$$er &agrave; la $pe$a del-
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parents:
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3619 la machma, &amp; d'ogni altra co$a, che po$$a correre.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3620 <p><I>Che facendo$i le fo$$e $ul terreno, che $i uuole adacquare, non $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3621 perder &agrave; punto d'acqua per le uene delli canali, che a cuna $iata ne
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parents:
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3622 a$ciugano gran quantit &agrave;.</I>
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parents:
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3623 <p><I>Che $e non $i uorr &agrave; mettere all'opera cinque Chiocciole per un
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parents:
diff changeset
3624 canale d'acqua, $e ne potr &agrave; mettere tre, &amp; due, $econdo il numero
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parents:
diff changeset
3625 delle pertiche, che $i uorranno tra$inutare in prato, &amp; ogni co$a
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parents:
diff changeset
3626 $eguir &agrave; qua$i alla proportione: $e non che dicono gli e$perti dell'a-
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parents:
diff changeset
3627 gricoltura, che maggior quantit &agrave; d'acqua bagna alquanto piu che
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parents:
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3628 alla proportione: cio&egrave;, $e mezo canale ne bagna cinquecento per-
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parents:
diff changeset
3629 tiche, un canale ne bagner &agrave; piu di mille. il che $e $ia uero, &amp; on-
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parents:
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3630 de na$ca, importa poco a cercarlo di pre$ente, ne $arebbe tempo
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parents:
diff changeset
3631 hora trattarne come $i conuerrebbe.</I>
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parents:
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3632 <p><I>Che l'acque piouute, &amp; $orgenti $i potrebbono con que$to i$tro-
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parents:
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3633 mento leuar dalle campagne, che naturalmente non po$$ono dare
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parents:
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3634 loro la decaduta, &amp; percio re$tano $enza coltura. ilche auiene in
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parents:
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3635 molti$$imi luoghi del Padouano, del Ferrare$e, del Mantouano,
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parents:
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3636 del Rauennate, &amp; di qua$i tutti i pae$i piu ba$$i, con grandi$$imo
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parents:
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3637 danno de'loro habitanti. &amp; tuttauia con pochi$$ima $pe$a a ri$pet-
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parents:
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3638 to dell'utile, col mezo della no$tra Chiocciola, s'a$ciugherebbono
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parents:
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3639 per la maggior parte. tanto piu in tutti quei luoghi (&amp; di que$ti
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parents:
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3640 n'ho ui$ti, &amp; mi$urati molti) oue la maggiore altezza a cui bi$o-
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parents:
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3641 gna$$e alzar l'acque, non pa$$a mai $ette braccia, che &egrave; $olamente
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parents:
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3642 un'ordine di Chiocciole. ma in alcuni terreni l'acqua piouuta &egrave; $i</I>
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3643 <foot><I>F</I> 3</foot>
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3644 <p n=>91</p>
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3645 <I>poca, &amp; con $i poca eleuatione $e le darebbe in molti modi il de-
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parents:
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3646 cor$o, che hora, che $ar &agrave; manife$tato que$to ordigno $i facile, &amp;
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parents:
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3647 $icuro in ogni co$a, $aranno piu pre$to d'accu$ar$i di gro$$i$$ima
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diff changeset
3648 ignoranza, o di tra$curaggine, o di troppa morbidezza quei pa-
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diff changeset
3649 droni, che non ui faranno prouedimento, che da i$cu$ar$i per l'im-
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parents:
diff changeset
3650 portanza, o per la difficult &agrave;. Tuttauia non uorrei, che alcuno $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3651 per$uade$$e, che nelle ualli uicino al mare, oue $on certi coperchi di
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parents:
diff changeset
3652 terra grandi, &amp; continui, che qua$i montano $opra l'acqua, &amp; $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3653 chiamano Cori, o doue un qualche fiume uicino, di que$ti che $ono
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parents:
diff changeset
3654 qua$i $o$tenuti da gli argini in aere, accioche piu facilmente sboc-
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parents:
diff changeset
3655 chino in mare, manda l'acque $orgenti in gran copia alle campa-
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parents:
diff changeset
3656 gne piu ba$$e; ne que$to, ne altro i$tromento fu$$e per leuar l'acqua,
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parents:
diff changeset
3657 che di continuo in tanta quantit &agrave; u'abonderebbe, quanta ne fu$$e
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parents:
diff changeset
3658 rimo$$a: percioche in que$ti luoghi l'acqua n&otilde; pare molta, ne mol-
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parents:
diff changeset
3659 to alta; perche conuiene che stia alla liuella dell'origine $ua. &amp; $e
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parents:
diff changeset
3660 cio non fu$$e, alti$$ima $empre $arebbe, per la detta origine, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3661 $empre maggior copia ne manderebbe: onde quanto $e ne leua$$e,
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parents:
diff changeset
3662 tanto ne $ottentrerebbe all'i$te$$a liuella. Et que$ta &egrave; la ragione per
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parents:
diff changeset
3663 cui di $opra ho lodato il cauar le fo$$e alla liuella del fondo de'fiumi
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parents:
diff changeset
3664 uicini, per hauer acqua continua da alzar$i per adacquar terreni.
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parents:
diff changeset
3665 Solamente $i puo $icuramente promettere effetto utili$$imo oue $i
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parents:
diff changeset
3666 uede o che le uene dell'acqua $orgente n&otilde; $ono gagliardi$$ime, o che
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parents:
diff changeset
3667 il decor$o naturalmente non $i puo dar libero all'acque piouute.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3668 <p><I>Vltimamente, che con que$ti i$tromenti $i potrebbe mandare
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parents:
diff changeset
3669 l'acqua per Roma del Teuere, per Ferrara del Po, &amp; per altre
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parents:
diff changeset
3670 Citt &agrave; da altri fiumi, od acque di qualunque $orte per u$o delle ca$e
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3671 de'priuati, &amp; de'giardini, con a$$ai minor $pe$a, che non $i fa por-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3672 tando$i da'$omari, &amp; da gli huomini: percioche pochi$$imi huo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3673 mini, o caualli a ri$petto di quelli, che hora ui bi$ognano, ba$te-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3674 rebbono a uoltar le Chiocciole per alzar l'acqua, la quale $corre-
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parents:
diff changeset
3675 rebbe poi da $e sto$$a a i luoghi ordinati. Et $in qu&igrave; $ia detto a$$ai
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3676 circa le $pe$e, &amp; il guadagno.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3677 <p><I>Quanto poi al danno della $anit &agrave;, io non uorrei, che per la com
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3678 modit &agrave; della Chiocciola, &amp; per l'auaritia de gli huomini $i face$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3679 $ero troppo numero$i, &amp; capaci $eminati di ri$o. Euero che una
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parents:
diff changeset
3680 Chiocciola $ola lauorando di continuo porgerebbe quanta acqua $i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3681 ricerca$$e ad ogni gran campo di que$ia $emenza. ma $e cio $i fa-</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3682 <p n=>92</p>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3683 <I>ce$$e in troppo $pe$$i luoghi, il danno publico $enza uerun dubbio
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3684 $arebbe da propor$i al guadagno de'priuati: imperoche richieden-
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parents:
diff changeset
3685 do la coltura del ri$o, che $empre le campagne $ieno molte morbi-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3686 de, &amp; qua$i coperte d'acqua, in foggia di poco profonde paludi,
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parents:
diff changeset
3687 non $arebbe $e non da temere, che tale humidit &agrave; ri$caldata, &amp; n&otilde;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3688 di$cipata da'raggi del $ole, cagiona$$e putrefatione nell'aere, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3689 fu$$e origine a'uicini habitatori di qualche infirmit &agrave; uniuer$ale, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3690 pericolo$a; in quci luoghi $pecialmente che non $ono e$po$ti a'uenti
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parents:
diff changeset
3691 $ettentrionali: percioche in quelli, a'quali quei $ignoreggiano, la-
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parents:
diff changeset
3692 humidit &agrave; dell'aere $i con$uma, &amp; non ui puo $eguire danno di con-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3693 $ideratione: come ben $i legge appre$$o di Strabone autore graui$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3694 $imo d'Ale$$andria maggiore in Egitto, &amp; di Rauenna in Italia,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3695 con le quali $i puo anco annouerare Venetia: percioche con tutto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3696 che $ieno edificate in mezo alle paludi, &amp; di ragione doue$$ero e$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3697 $ere $ottopo$te a malattie pericolo$i$$ime, $i pre$eruano nondimeno
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3698 con l'aiuto de'uenti freddi, &amp; $ecchi boreali, che $ouente $offiano in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3699 quelle regioni. abenche la Pigneta maggiore piantata da'tempi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3700 di Strabone in qua, ha nociuto a$$ai a Rauenna, talche per molti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3701 anni $in che a poco a poco $i $ono a$ciute, &amp; alzate molti$$ime pa-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3702 ludi, &egrave; dimorata con l'aere $opra modo mal $ano. &amp; quindi auiene
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3703 anco che l'aere di Piacenza no$tra &egrave; a$$ai $alubre: concio$ia che
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parents:
diff changeset
3704 dalla parte d'Au$tro, uento pernicio$o, &egrave; dife$a dalle montagne, &amp;
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3705 con la $elua piantata nel terrapieno delle mura; &amp; dalla parte di
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parents:
diff changeset
3706 Settentrione, che &egrave; in luogo a$$ai emin&etilde;te uer$o il Po, l'&egrave; $gombra-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3707 ta ogni humidit &agrave;, &amp; corruttione dal Rouaio, che qua$i di continuo
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3708 ui percuote. il che $i prou&ograve; manife$tamente nella state pa$$ata, da
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3709 la quale, e$$endo ella $eguita ad uno uerno humido con poco freddo,
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parents:
diff changeset
3710 &amp; ad una primauera tutta acquido$a, &amp; humidi$$ima, $i doueua-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3711 no a$pettare generalmente tutte quelle infirmit &agrave;, delle quali ragio
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3712 na Hipocrate in que$to ca$o nel terzo de'$uoi Afori$mi. &amp; non-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3713 dimeno per la forza di que$ti uenti di Settentrione, che nel princi-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3714 pio della state regnarono per molti giorni in que$ta citt &agrave;, auenne
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3715 che da molti anni in qua non $ia mai stato minor numero di malati
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3716 dentro a lei, che ne i me$i della state pa$$ata. &amp; per lo contrario,
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3717 nelle citt&agrave; uicine, come Pauia, &amp; Cremona, le quali piu pre$to
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3718 $ono e$po$te a'fiati de'uenti au$trali, ue ne $ono morti tanti de'po-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3719 ueri, &amp; de'ricchi, che &egrave; stato giudicato da gli huomini periti una</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3720 <foot><I>F</I> 4</foot>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3721 <p n=>93</p>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3722 <I>meza pe$tilenza. In que$li luoghi adunque non boreali, non $i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3723 facciano ri$ari troppo $pe$$i, $e gia da $ua natura il $ito non fu$$e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3724 tanto ar$iccio, che una ragioneuole humidit &agrave; porta$$e piu pre$to
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3725 qualche temperamento ne'$ecchi$$imi giorni della state, che altri-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3726 menti. non &egrave; co$i ne'prati, perche non s'adacquano $e non ogni
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3727 quindeci giorni una uolta, &amp; l'humido loro non &egrave; paludo$o, ne tale
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3728 che non $i po$$a ageuolmente di$$oluere da'raggi del $ole: anzi $e le
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3729 campagne de'prati fu$$er o grandi$$ime, &amp; adacquate ogni quindi-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3730 ci giorni una fiata, poiterebbono que$ta utilit &agrave;, che l'aere tempe-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3731 rato da'uapori loro, non $arebbe $ouerchiamente $ecco, $i che fu$$e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3732 di e$tremo danno alla $alute de gli animali: potendo anco dare oc-
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parents:
diff changeset
3733 ca$ione, che talhora $i leua$$ero uapori piaceuoli dalla terra, li
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parents:
diff changeset
3734 quali nella meza regione dell'aere conuertiti in acqua, $cende$$ero
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parents:
diff changeset
3735 di nuouo in quelle pioggie, che $ono tanto de$iderate nelle $ecchi$-
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parents:
diff changeset
3736 $ime, &amp; caldi$$ime stagioni. le quali pioggie tanto piu $arebbeno
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parents:
diff changeset
3737 utili, quanto meno haurebbeno di quel $apore amaro, che, come
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parents:
diff changeset
3738 dice Teofra$to, $ogliono hauere, quando per gran forza del calore
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parents:
diff changeset
3739 del $ole $ono tirati uapori adu$ti dall'ar$iccio, &amp; qua$i in tutto ab-
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parents:
diff changeset
3740 bruggiato terreno, &amp; tra$mutati in pioggia amara, et molto dan-
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parents:
diff changeset
3741 no$a $i per dar l'humido alle piante, &amp; per dar l'acqua, che $i be-
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parents:
diff changeset
3742 ue a'pozzi, &amp; alle ci$terne, come per alzare un qua$i fuoco na$co-
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parents:
diff changeset
3743 $to nell'aere, nimici$$imo al fonte della uita, &amp; al fine della re$pi-
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parents:
diff changeset
3744 ratione. In $omma il beneficio, che ci promettono i precetti di
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parents:
diff changeset
3745 Aetio, &amp; di tutti li medici di maggiore autorit &agrave;, quando uoglio-
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parents:
diff changeset
3746 no, che ne'tempi caldi$$imi bene inaffiate le stanze de gli amalati
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parents:
diff changeset
3747 difebri acute, $i puo generalmente a$pettare dall'inacquar$i le c&atilde;-
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parents:
diff changeset
3748 pagne al tempo della state. Solamente $i potrebbe dubitare, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3749 e$$endoui grandi$$ima copia di fieno, &amp; con$eguentemente di leda-
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parents:
diff changeset
3750 me fatto da gli armenti, che lo mangia$$ero, non $i genera$$ero poi
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parents:
diff changeset
3751 anco quei danni, che po$$ono nuocere alla $anit &agrave; de gli huomini per
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parents:
diff changeset
3752 l'abondante stercoratione. Io $&ograve;, che He$iodo ne'$uoi libri della
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parents:
diff changeset
3753 agricoltura &egrave; stato lodato da molti buoni, &amp; graui Filo$ofi, per-
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parents:
diff changeset
3754 che non fece memoria alcuna dello sterquilinio; giudicando$i, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3755 egli drizza$$e piu pre$to i $uoi documenti alla $anit &agrave; de gli huomi-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3756 ni, che all'abondanza, &amp; alla ricchezza: concio$ia, che $e bene
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3757 dal ledame ne uenga maggior copia de'frutt<*>della terra, pure e$$i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3758 hanno poi c&otilde; $eco l'humido col quale $i $ono pa$ciuti, &amp; accre$ciuti</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3759 <p n=>94</p>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3760 <I>putrido, pien di lezzo, &amp; molto auer$arlo al nutrimento del ca-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3761 tor uitale. ma io gia duoi anni a que$to difetto propo$i un rimedio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3762 approuato di commune concordia dalle con$ultationi di tre collegij
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3763 di Medici di Padua, di Pauia, &amp; di Piacenza, come ne $ono te-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3764 $timonij l'Eccellenza dell'Illu$tri$s. Sig. il Duca no$tro, l'Eccellente
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parents:
diff changeset
3765 &amp; Illu$tre Sig. Domenico della Torre Luogotenente di quella nel
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parents:
diff changeset
3766 Con$iglio di giu$titia, &amp; della Camera; alla cui $cienza, pruden-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3767 za, &amp; bont &agrave; ogni co$a $i puo credere, &amp; diferire: l'Illu$tre, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3768 Hccellente Con$igliere il Sig. Bartolomeo Turchi Verone$e, &amp; gli
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3769 Eccellenti Medici del collegio no$tro, che tutti l'hannolette, &amp; ot-
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parents:
diff changeset
3770 timamente con$iderate. percio io a$pettando qualche migliore oc-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3771 ca$ione non dir&ograve; $oura cio per hora altro, $e n&otilde; che $i grande &egrave; l'in-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3772 gordiggia d'alcuni, che ancorche non $i fu$$e propo$to prouedimen-
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parents:
diff changeset
3773 to ueruno, re$to $icuri$$imo, che non re$terebbono per que$to, pur-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3774 che per altro tenghino la Chiocciola al propo$ito dell'utile loro, di
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3775 $eruir$i di lei, &amp; far quanto maggior cumulo di ledame fu$$e loro
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3776 po$$ibile.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3777 <p><I>Due altre danno$e oppo$itioni mi furo no fatte gia un'anno fa,
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parents:
diff changeset
3778 (que$ta parte &egrave; quella, ch'io di$$i, che apperteneua alla cura de'
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3779 Magi$trati) una nel Con$iglio dell'entrate staordinarie di Milano
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3780 dall'Eccellente, &amp; Illu$tre Sig. Ale$$andro Archinto; l'altra in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3781 Ferrara da uno intendente Gentilhuomo di S.E. L'Archinto poi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3782 che hebbe ottimamente capito, &amp; con$iderato il magi$tero di que-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3783 $ta machina, Per mia fe, di$$e, $i d&egrave; $perare, che que$to debba e$$e-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3784 re nno utili$$imo ritrouato per li prati; ma per le biade, dell'abon-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3785 danza, delle quali que$to no$tro Magi$trato ne tiene $peciali$$ima
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3786 cura, $ar&agrave; tutto l'oppo$ito: po$cia che il terreno, che $i conuertir &agrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3787 in prati potrebbe facilmente e$$er tanto, che leuando$i lui con que-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3788 $ta commodit &agrave; dalla coltura delle biade, il re$to for$e non ba$ter &agrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3789 per l'abondanza dello Stato. &amp; $arebbe pur meglio, $pecialmente
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3790 per li poueri, che loro manca$$e piu pre$to la carne, &amp; il formag-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3791 gio, che il pane. Prima che il Lodeggiano haue$$e l'acqua tirata
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3792 dalla Muzza $empre era diuitio$o d'ogni $orte di biade: poi che la
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parents:
diff changeset
3793 maggior parte di lui fu conuertito in prati, per la commodit &agrave; di
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parents:
diff changeset
3794 quell'acqua, non puo e$$ere $i poco stretto il raccolto, che la citt &agrave;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3795 $ua non ha pane intieramente per tutto l'anno. $i che quanto piu
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3796 que$to pae$e &egrave; fatto ricco d'entrata, tanto meno &egrave; re$tato abondante</I>
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3797 <p n=>95</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3798 <I>del primlero alimento de'proprij habitatori. Nulladimeno la ri$e-
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parents:
diff changeset
3799 lutione di quel Con$iglio, poi che kebbe auertito, che l'acqua $uole
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parents:
diff changeset
3800 anco e$$er<*> molto gioueuole al miglio, alle faue, a'fagiuoli, &amp; all
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parents:
diff changeset
3801 altre $emenze di Marzo, che $ono la maggior $omma del uitto de
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parents:
diff changeset
3802 poueri, fu che $i la$cia$$e pur porre in u$o $i utile i$tromento: che
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3803 poi a $uo tempo $i $arebbe bene fatto riparo, che non $i face$$ero di
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parents:
diff changeset
3804 nuouo con l'aiuto $uo piu prati, che non $opporta$$e la conditione
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parents:
diff changeset
3805 d'ogni luogo, &amp; del numero de gli $udditi a quello Stato: tanto piu
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parents:
diff changeset
3806 che di parte in parte s'haueua la ra$$egna in i$critti d'ogni co$a co-
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parents:
diff changeset
3807 me $i conuiene. Il Ferrare$e altre$i oppo$e, che riu$cendo que$to mio
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parents:
diff changeset
3808 aui$o, $i $arebbe facilmente leuato tant'acqua non $olamente dal
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parents:
diff changeset
3809 P&ograve; &amp; per uia aperta &amp; per le uene $otterranee, ma da tutti li fiu-
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parents:
diff changeset
3810 mi li quali portando lui il tributo delle proprie acque, l'accre$cono,
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parents:
diff changeset
3811 &amp; lo fanno molto c&otilde;modamente nauigabile, che uicino a Ferrara
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3812 oue egli $i diuide in tanti rami, che a pena ade$$o in certi tempi $i
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3813 puo nauigare, non $arebbe marauiglia s'egli per molto piu lungo
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3814 $patio di tempo nega$$e il pa$$aggio alle naui cariche: con gran tra
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parents:
diff changeset
3815 uaglio di tutte le citt &agrave; di $opra, le quali $i $eruouo delle merci Vi-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3816 nitiane. A cui fu ri$po$to, che cio non $i doueua $i facilmente te-
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parents:
diff changeset
3817 mere in un fiume, che per la $ua gr&atilde;dezza era chiamato il Re de
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diff changeset
3818 gli altri: tanto piu che il braccio maggiore di Loredo, che porta a
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parents:
diff changeset
3819 Venetia, non era ancora mai uenuto alla ba$$ezza, ch'egli diceua.
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diff changeset
3820 Oltre a cio che ne'tempi $olamente dell'autunno, &amp; del uerno, $e
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parents:
diff changeset
3821 non pioue largamente, l'acque di que$to fiume $ogliono in parte
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diff changeset
3822 mancare: nella primauera, &amp; nella state $empre $ono abondanti$-
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parents:
diff changeset
3823 $ime, &amp; molte fiate piu che non $i uorrebbe: percioche le neui, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3824 le cauerne ancora piene dell'acque $otterranee, in$ieme col freddo,
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parents:
diff changeset
3825 che nel tempo della state $i ritira nelle $pelunche, &amp; &egrave; cagione, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3826 l'aere ingro$$ando$i $i tra$muti in acqua, $ogliono mantenere il fiu-
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parents:
diff changeset
3827 me gagliardo qua$i $empre per tutto Ago$to, cio&egrave;, $in che dura la
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parents:
diff changeset
3828 opportunit &agrave; d'adacquare i prati. che dopo Ago$to quando ce$$ano
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parents:
diff changeset
3829 le cagioni $ouradette, &amp; l'acque $cemano, non &egrave; piu utile, come
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parents:
diff changeset
3830 ognuno $&agrave;, cacciare humidit &agrave;$ouerchia $opra l'herbe: e$$endo che
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parents:
diff changeset
3831 le notti $ono lunghe, &amp; il $ole non molto<*>potente: talche il calore
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parents:
diff changeset
3832 delle piante incomincia piu pre$to a ritirar$i alle radici, che ad ha-
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parents:
diff changeset
3833 uer bi$ogno d'humore come materia atta a cacciar fuora le foglie,
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parents:
diff changeset
3834 &amp; l'herbe. ma che in ogni ca$o anco a que$to $i $arebbe potuto fare</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3835 <p n=>96</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3836 <I>prouedimento nel modo che fanno i Signori Vinitiani nell'acque
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parents:
diff changeset
3837 della Brenta, del Brentone, &amp; del Bacchiglione; le quali la state
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parents:
diff changeset
3838 per certi giorni della $ettimana $i la$ciano alla nauigatione, per
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parents:
diff changeset
3839 certi altri $i diuerti$cono all'u$o dell'agricoltura. &amp; in que$to mo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3840 do partendo l'utile, &amp; il danno in ambiduoi quelli u$i, $i $eruono
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parents:
diff changeset
3841 dell'acque molto prudentemente per l'uno, &amp; per l'altro bi$ogno.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3842 <p><I>Ha incominciato a lauorare que$ta machina $opra il terreno de
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parents:
diff changeset
3843 la Mezana de i Signori Ca$ali, lontano circa tre miglia da Pia-
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parents:
diff changeset
3844 cenza, a beneficio del molto Magnifico Sig. Giouan Ga$paro mio
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parents:
diff changeset
3845 amici$$imo: oue $i uede in proua reale, &amp; in effetto di chiara e$pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
3846 rienza la quantit &agrave; dell'acqua, l'altezza, la facilit &agrave; del moto, &amp;
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parents:
diff changeset
3847 tutte l'altre po$itioni affermate di $opra, &amp; che ricercano la cer-
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parents:
diff changeset
3848 tezza della cognitione de $en$i. Ma &egrave; hormai for$e tempo, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3849 la$ciando la $ua parte al commune giudicio de gli huomini, la$ci
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parents:
diff changeset
3850 anco a$$ai opportunamente alcune altre particolarit &agrave;, che oltra
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parents:
diff changeset
3851 alle gia dette $i potrebono ($enza dir pero co$a $ouerchia, come mi
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3852 $ono sforzato di o$$eruare $ino a que$to termine) commodamente
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parents:
diff changeset
3853 diui$are: &amp; co$i ponga fine a que$ti, s'io non m'inganno, non del
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3854 tutto inutili ragionamenti. Io lo far&ograve; dunque $ubito che c&otilde; pochi$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3855 $ime parole haur&ograve; mo$trato, che con l'e$perienza della Chiocciola
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parents:
diff changeset
3856 $i ri$ponder &agrave; per auentura ad alcuni nel modo, che come dice Ari-
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parents:
diff changeset
3857 $totele nella $ua Politica, gia ri$po$e Talete Mile$io ad altri di $i-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3858 mile natura. A que$to gran filo$ofo fu rimprouerato da uno di co-
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parents:
diff changeset
3859 $toro, li quali non adorano, &amp; non cono$cono altro, che l'oro; che
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parents:
diff changeset
3860 egli $cioccamente $eguiua gli studi di filo$ofia, po$cia che non ar-
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parents:
diff changeset
3861 reccauano guadagno alcuno; anzi erano cagione, che egli getta$$e
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3862 i danari, che per altra uia lui ueniuano in mano: onde non haueua
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3863 mai accre$ciute le $o$tanze de'beni della fortuna, &amp; $empre era re
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3864 $tato pouero. Ri$e Talete del uano giudicio di quel huomo uolga-
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parents:
diff changeset
3865 re. &amp; hauendo preui$to da'$egni naturali col mezo della filo$ofia,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3866 che a quello allhora pre$ente anno, nel quale era stato grandi$$ima
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3867 abondanza d'oglio, ne doueua $eguire; perche $arebbono diuenuti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3868 sterili gli uliui, una grandi$$ima care$tia; raccol$e con l'aiuto de
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parents:
diff changeset
3869 gli amici quanta maggior $omma di danari egli puote, co'quali
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3870 comper&ograve;, &amp; inarr&ograve; qua$i tutto l'oglio di Chio, &amp; di Mileto. E$-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3871 $endo poi uenuto il tempo della precono$ciuta care$tia, &amp; uenduto
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3872 l'oglio da lui per tutto il maggior prezzo, che egli haueua uoluto,</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3873 <p n=>97</p>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3874 <I>ne tra$$e guadagno ine$timabile: &amp; con que$ta occa$ione fece ue-
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parents:
diff changeset
3875 dere, che a'Filo$ofi non mancauano uie di far$i ricchi, pur che $e ne
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3876 fu$$ero curati. Co$i io $pero che la proua $ganner &agrave; alcuni, li quali
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3877 talhora $i $ono burlati dell'opere mathematice, $coprendo loro, che
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parents:
diff changeset
3878 gli huomini $cientiati, fra'quali io confe$$o d'e$$ere il minimo, $e ui
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3879 uole$$ero applicare il pen$iero, &amp; u$a$$ero con prudenza il
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parents:
diff changeset
3880 $apere loro, $arebbono per cauare piu hone$to guada-
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parents:
diff changeset
3881 gno per $e, &amp; con gran beneficio de gli altri, de
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parents:
diff changeset
3882 la prattica delle $cienze, che gli huomini
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parents:
diff changeset
3883 uolgari con quanti auanzi d'auari-
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parents:
diff changeset
3884 tia adopera$$ero per amma$-
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parents:
diff changeset
3885 $are quelle $o$tanze,
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parents:
diff changeset
3886 che poi gli here-
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parents:
diff changeset
3887 di $uoi n&otilde;
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parents:
diff changeset
3888 $pendono for$e
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parents:
diff changeset
3889 come $i conuerrebbe
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parents:
diff changeset
3890 $econdo la uera ragione.</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3891 <HEAD><I>IL FINE DEL TERZO, ET</I>
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parents:
diff changeset
3892 VLTIMO DISCORSO.</HEAD>
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parents:
diff changeset
3893 <fig>
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parents:
diff changeset
3894 <p n=>98</p>
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parents:
diff changeset
3895 <p>O<I>C</I>TAVIVS <I>F</I>ARNESIVS <I>Placen
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parents:
diff changeset
3896 ti&aelig;, &amp; Parm&aelig; Dux $ecundus. &amp;c.
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parents:
diff changeset
3897 Dat&aelig; $unt nobis $upplices litter&aelig; ab
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parents:
diff changeset
3898 Egregio Phy$ico D. Io$eph Ceredo,
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parents:
diff changeset
3899 infra$cripti exempli, uidelicet,
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parents:
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3900 Illu$tri$$imo, &amp; Eccellenti$s. Sig. Duca.
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parents:
diff changeset
3901 Benche molti ingegno$i, &amp; dotti huo-
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parents:
diff changeset
3902 mini co$i antichi come moderni, $i $ie-
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parents:
diff changeset
3903 no sforzati $in'hora di trouare i$tro-
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parents:
diff changeset
3904 menti, co'quali pote$$ero alzare acqua per diuer$i u$i; ni$$uno &egrave; pe-
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parents:
diff changeset
3905 ro mai stato (che $i $appia) il quale, leuandone gran quantit &agrave;,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3906 l'habbia alzata alto $econdo il bi$ogno per adacquar terreni, a$ciu
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3907 gar ualli, far macinar molini, &amp; altre co$e $imili in modo, che la
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
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parents:
diff changeset
3908 $pe$a del motore, &amp; del fabricare, &amp; mantenere la machina non
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3909 $ia riu$cita o maggiore, o qua$i pare all'utile, che puo $eguire da
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3910 tali inuentioni. Maio con la $corta delle ragioni mathematice, &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3911 naturali; &amp; con le proue di diuer$i modelli piccioli, &amp; grandi,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3912 dopo molta indu$tria, lunghe fatiche, &amp; graui $pe$e ho finalmente
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3913 corretto in maniera, &amp; ridotto a tal perfettione la dottrina de gli
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3914 antichi in fabricare la Chiocciola; &amp; anco ho di nuono ritrouato
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3915 un'organo $i gagliardo per mouerla facilmente, &amp; a$$ai uelocem&etilde;-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3916 te, che con mediocre $pe$a, a ri$petto dell'utile, co$i in fabricarla,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3917 come in mouerla, &amp; mantenerla $odisfer &agrave; ottimamente a tutti gli
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3918 $oura$critti, &amp; a molti altri bi$ogni: percioche un'huomo $olo,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3919 benche di mediocri forze, alzer &agrave; con que$to i$tromento, &amp; con
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3920 l'organo del moto $uo, piu di $ette braccia, dodici oncie d'acqua
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3921 almeno, $econdo la mi$ura Piacentina: &amp; un cauallo, a$$ettando
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3922 le Chiocciole nel modo, che io ho po$to in prattica, n'alzer &agrave; alme-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3923 no mezo canale da prato alla mede$ima altezza, &amp; con la mede-
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3924 $ima uelocit &agrave;: potendo$i anco raddoppiare, &amp; moltiplicare il mo-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3925 to a qualunque altezza $i uoglia in infinito; &amp; uariare a giu$ta
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3926 proportione l'altezza d'ogni pezzo particolare $econdo la quan-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3927 tit &agrave; dell'acqua, che $i ricerca. Et perche non &egrave; conueneuole, che
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3928 alcuna hone$ta indu$tria, &amp; fatica, la quale $ia per partorire be-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3929 ne$icio a molti, re$ti $enza qualche honore, &amp; premio: Percio
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3930 $upplico a V.E. che uoglia concedermi priuilegio, che ni$$uno di
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3931 qualunque grado, o conditione $i uoglia, o Capitolo, Congregatio-</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3932 <p n=>99</p>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3933 <I>ne, od Vniuer$it &agrave;in que$to $uo Stato di Piacenza, &amp; di Parma,
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3934 &amp; ne gli altri ancora, po$$a dentro allo $patio di uenticinque anni
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3935 auenire fabricare, ne hauere, ne u$are, ne in acque publiche, ne in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3936 priuate per adacquar terreni, o fare qualunque altro effetto que-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3937 $to i$tromento, ne l'organo del moto di lui; $enza e$pre$$a, &amp; au-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3938 tentica licenza ottenuta da me, o da miei heredi in i$critti. impo-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3939 nendo quelle pene, che le parranno giu$te, a chi contraface$$e: &amp;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3940 ordinando a'$uoi Magi$trati, &amp; Officiali, che inuiolabilmente fac-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3941 ciano o$$eruare quanto circa que$to per V.E. $ar &agrave; ordinato. Et de-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3942 $ider andole ogni contentezza humilmente le bacio le mani.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3943 <p><I>Di V.E. Illu$tri&szlig;.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3944 <p><I>humili&szlig;. $eruidore Giu$eppe Ceredi Fi$ico.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3945 <p><I>Qu&aelig; cum a nobis, no$tri$&qacute; Magi$tratibus, &amp; Con$iliarijs ad quos
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3946 $pectat, optime $int perpen$a, &amp; examinata, uideantur&qacute;; tam ex
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3947 re ip$a propo$ita, qu&agrave;m ob Oratoris $cientiam, &amp; prudentiam
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3948 iamdiu nobis per$pectam; publico, priuato&qacute;; commodo plurimum
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3949 collatura: Iccirco per has no$tras decernimus, &amp; uolumus nulli
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3950 hominum cuiu$cunq; gradus, &amp; prout in datis litteris, extiterint
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3951 in Parmen$i, Placentino, &amp; quocunq; alio no$tro Dominio, licere
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3952 $pacio uigintiquinq; annorum pro<*>ime futurorum, fabricare in-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3953 $trumentum ab antiquis auctoribus Cocleam nuncupatum; nec
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3954 media organa&qacute;; motus eiu$dem, eo&qacute;;, aut eis uti in publicis flumi-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3955 nibus, aut priuatorum aquis, pro agrorum irrigatione, aut edu-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3956 ctione aquarum ad alium quencunq; finem, ab$q; expre$$a, &amp; in
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3957 $criptis auctentica licentia a dicto D. Io$eph, aut h&aelig;redibus, ac
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3958 $ucce$$oribus $uis impetrata; $ub p&oelig;na ami$$ionis machin&aelig;, $iue
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3959 machinarum; &amp; ulterius $cutorum auri quingentorum a $ingulis
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3960 e xigenda quotie$cunq; contrafeci$$e comperti fuerint. Cuius p&oelig;-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3961 n&aelig; dimidiam partem no$tr&aelig; Ducali camer&aelig;, alteram uero dimidi&atilde;
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3962 $upplicanti, eiu$&qacute;; h&aelig;redibus, &amp; $ucce$$oribus quibu$cunq;, hac
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3963 conce$$ione durante applicari debere tenore pr&aelig;$entium irreuoca-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3964 biliter decernimus. Mandantes Pr&aelig;toribus, Con$iliarijs, Redi-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3965 tuum Magi$tris, Fi$calibus, ceteri$&qacute;; Magi$tratibus, ac Officiali-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3966 bus tam pr&aelig;$entibus, qu&agrave;m futuris, quoruncunq; locorum, $eu
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3967 terrarum ex Ditionibus no$tris, ut opportuna, &amp; ualida in huius
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3968 no$tr&aelig; conce$$ionis fauorem proclamata publicare, conditione$&qacute;ue</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3969 <p n=>100</p>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3970 <I>appo$itas, ac p&oelig;nas iniunctas exequi curent, ha$&qacute;ue no$tras iu$ti
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3971 priuilegij litteras inuiolabiliter ob$eruent, &amp; ob$eruari cogant.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3972 In quorum fidem pr&aelig;$entes fieri, $igilli&qacute;; no$tri impre$$ione muni-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3973 ri iu$$imus. Dat. Placenti&aelig; Idibus Decembris. M. D. LXVI.</I>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3974 <HEAD>OCTAVIVS F. DVX.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3975 <p>Io. Bapti$ta Picus Sec.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3976 <HEAD>Locus $igilli pendentis.</HEAD>
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3977 <p>Il mede$imo, &amp; c&otilde; l'i$te$$e c&otilde;ditioni $i puo vedere alla Se-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3978 cretaria di Milano nel libro delle patenti. fogli. 148.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3979 <p>Similmente $i vede l'i$te$$o nella Secretaria dell'Illu$tri$s.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3980 Signoria di Venetia, nelle filzze dell'Archiuio dell'an-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3981 no 1565. alli 19 di Febraro.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3982 <p>Co$i fu conce$$o da Sua Santit &agrave;, come appare nel libro de
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casties
parents:
diff changeset
3983 le Bolle patenti del 1566 alli 18 di Marzo.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3984 <p>Co$i da molti altri Principi, come $i vede ne'priuilegij
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3985 autentici, che $ono appre$$o di me.
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3986 <p>Ancora ch'io habbia que$ti priuilegij di qua$i tutti li mag
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3987 giori Potentati d'Italia, della $o$tanza i$te$$a che &egrave; conte-
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3988 nuta in quello dello Illu$tri$s. Sig. Duca no$tro: io non ho
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
diff changeset
3989 pero pen$ato di $eruirmene (come ho anco detto di$opra)
22d6a63640c6 moved texts from SVN https://it-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/svn/mpdl-project-content/trunk/texts/eXist/
casties
parents:
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3990 con auaritia: ma $olamente ho deliberato d'accettare cio
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3991 che corte$emente, &amp; ragioneuolmente mi $ar &agrave; offerto da
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3992 quelli, che vorranno accre$cere l'entrate loro, con que$to
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3993 ritrouato. Et $on $icuro, che ni$$uno, che non $ia piu che
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3994 rozzo, &amp; ingrato $ar &agrave; per portar$i in modo, che $i leui l'a-
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3995 nimo a'dotti indu$trio$i, &amp; di qualche $pirito, che for$e
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3996 hanno piu bi$ogno de'beni della fortuna, che non ho io, di
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3997 affaticar$i, &amp; i$pendere del $uo, per far publico beneficio
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3998 con l'opere ritrouate di nuouo alla congregatione de gli
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3999 huomini.
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4000 <HEAD>IL FINE.</HEAD>