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| author | Klaus Thoden <kthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 29 Nov 2017 16:55:37 +0100 |
| parents | 22d6a63640c6 |
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<?xml version="1.0"?> <archimedes xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" > <info> <author>Berga, Antonio</author> <title>Discorso della grandezza della acqua e della terra</title> <date>1579</date> <place>Turino</place> <translator></translator> <lang>it</lang> <cvs_file>berga_disco_008_it_1579.xml</cvs_file> <cvs_version></cvs_version> <locator>008.xml</locator> </info> <text> <front> </front> <body> <chap> <pb xlink:href="008/01/001.jpg"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>DISCORSO <lb></lb>DI M. ANTONIO BERGA <lb></lb>LETTORE FILOSOFO <lb></lb>nella vniuerſità di Turino,<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end><emph type="center"></emph>DELLA GRANDEZZA <lb></lb><emph type="roman"></emph>dell'ACQVA & della TERRA.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>Contra Lopinione dil S. Aleſſondro Pualamini.<emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><figure id="id.008.01.001.1.jpg" xlink:href="008/01/001/1.jpg"></figure><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>IN TVRINO, appreſſo gli heredi del Beuilacqua, <lb></lb>M. D. LXXIX.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/002.jpg"></pb><pb xlink:href="008/01/003.jpg" pagenum="3"></pb><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>DISCORSO <lb></lb>DELLA GRANDEZZA <lb></lb>ell'Acqua & della Terra.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>DI M. ANTONIO BERGA,<emph.end type="center"></emph.end><lb></lb> <emph type="center"></emph><emph type="roman"></emph>Al Sereniſsimo Sig.<lb></lb> CAROLO EMANVELE, <lb></lb>Prencipe di Piemonte, ſuo S. colendiſsimo.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s> <s>S'E doppò duoi milla & più anni Se<lb></lb>renißimo Prencipe, riuocato in dub<lb></lb>bio, ſe ſia vero, che l'acqua ſia mag<lb></lb>giore della terra, come Platone, Ari <lb></lb>stotile, & Tolomeo banno inſegna<lb></lb>to. </s> <s>Il che non poco ha turbato i piu famoſi filoſofi <lb></lb>dell'et à noſtra, i quali non intendeuano partirſi <lb></lb>dalla verità, per molti ſecoli da eßi ritenuta, & <lb></lb>conefficaci ragioni diffeſa; poiche intorno a que<lb></lb>ſto il ſenſo non ci aßicura, ne meno ſi poſſa fare cer<lb></lb>to fondamento nelle miſure de icieli & della ter<lb></lb>ra, dalla Scuola de i mathematici imaginate. </s> <s>Di <lb></lb>che ragionandoſi nel coſpetto di V.A. laquale con <lb></lb>l'alto ſuo ualore tuttauia inuitai piu eleuati in<lb></lb>gegni, a diſcorrere intorno le piu graui & oſcure <lb></lb>materie di tutte le ſcienze & arti liberali: reſtò <pb xlink:href="008/01/004.jpg" pagenum="4"></pb>ſeruit a accennarmi, che ſe le farebbe coſa piu che <lb></lb>grata, ſe della maggioranza dell acqua & della <lb></lb>terra ſi riſolueſſe can breuità quel tanto, che piu <lb></lb>conforme alla uerità, foße giudicato. </s> <s>Alche cono<lb></lb>ſcendo eſſere ufficio mio di ſodisfare, inuocando <lb></lb>il fauore di V.A. darò principlo, <expan abbr="proponẽ">proponem</expan> do quat<lb></lb>tro capi principali, ſenzai qualinon ſi può, con <lb></lb>uia facile & or dinata, diſcorrere intorno alla <lb></lb>propoſta quiſtione. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Nel primo de iquali, accio che ſi leui ogni con<lb></lb>fuſione, ſi dichiarerà in che modo ſi debba inten<lb></lb>dere queſta maggioranza dell'acqua. </s> <s>Nel ſecon<lb></lb>do ſi proponer anno i. principij & le ragioni d'Aleſ<lb></lb>ſandro Picolomini, per prouare che la terra ſia <lb></lb>dell'acqua maggiore. </s> <s>Nelterzo ſi <expan abbr="addurrãno">addurranno</expan> le <lb></lb>ragioni d'Ariſt. &' da noi ritrouate, per dimoſtra<lb></lb>re, che l'acqua ſia della terra maggiore. </s> <s>Nel <lb></lb>quarto capo finalmente ſi riſponder à a tutte le <lb></lb>obiettioni, & ſi eſaminar anno diligentemente le <lb></lb>riſpoſte dil Picolomini, con le ſnppoſitioni o ſia <lb></lb>principij dell'isteſſo. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg1"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg1"></margin.target>Cap. <emph type="roman"></emph>1.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Incominciando adunque dal primo capo, due <lb></lb>ſono i modi, con i quali ſi dice un corpo eſſere del<lb></lb>l'alrro maggiore, concioſia coſa che ſi poßa ſecon<lb></lb>do la profonáita & altezza ſua miſur are, o ſia <pb xlink:href="008/01/005.jpg" pagenum="5"></pb>ſecondo il centro della grandezza, o vero ſecon<lb></lb>do l'estenſione maggiore nella ſua ampiezza, ſi <lb></lb>che occupi piu ampia sfera, come per eſempio <lb></lb>par agonando nell'ouo il bianco col roſſo, ſi può <lb></lb>vedere: nel primo modo ſono quei corpi maggio<lb></lb>ri, i quali eſſendo ſecondo tutte le loro parti ugual<lb></lb>mente raccolti & uniti, ſe bene occupano minor <lb></lb>sfera, hanno nondimeno profondità maggiore, <lb></lb>come in una palla ſoda & perfettamente roton<lb></lb>da, ſi comprende, con che ſi stima la terra eſ<lb></lb>ſere maggiore dell'acqua, poiche ſecondo il cen<lb></lb>tro habbia ottenuto, profondità maggiore, nell'al<lb></lb>tro modo ſi stimano eſſere tutti quei corpi mag<lb></lb>giori, i quali ſe bene hanno mancho profondi<lb></lb>tà, occupano non dimeno maggior sfera con la <lb></lb>loro circonferenza, il che ſi concede dell'aria, <lb></lb>paragonato a questoglobo composto dell'acqua & <lb></lb>della terra. </s> <s>Et nel uno modo & l'altro, intendia<lb></lb>mo di uedere, ſe l'acqua ſia maggiore della terra. <lb></lb></s> <s>Dipoi ſarà bene di auertire, ch'intendiamo di <lb></lb>comprendere tutta l'uniuerſità delle acque, come <lb></lb>mari, laghi, paludi, ſtagni, fiumi, fonti, e tutte l'al <lb></lb>tre contenute nelle uiſcere & cauerne della ter<lb></lb>ra: accio che le ragioni dell'una & de ll'altra par <lb></lb>ti ſiano piu a propoſito recitate. </s> <s>Di tutta adon-<pb xlink:href="008/01/006.jpg" pagenum="6"></pb>que l'acqua con la terra meſcolata, ſe bene non <lb></lb>ſia tanto profonda, ſecondo le ſue parti diuiſe co<lb></lb>me la terra, ſi ricerca ſe ſia maggiore, ouero mi<lb></lb>nore d'eßa terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg2"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg2"></margin.target>Cap. <emph type="roman"></emph>2.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et il Picolomini intendendo dimostrare, che la <lb></lb>terra ſia dell'acqua maggiore, a guiſa di buon <lb></lb>loico & mathematico, incomincia da certi ſuppo<lb></lb>ſiti, o ſia principij, nel quarto & quinto capo del <lb></lb>ſuo trattato, i quali ſe foſſero reputatiueri, non <lb></lb>ſi potrebbe in modo alcuno riprouare la ſua opi<lb></lb>nione. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Fra i quali il primo e tale, che hauendoſimeſſo <lb></lb>auanti a gli occhi una sfera ſoda intorno a tre <lb></lb>piedi di diametro, la piu fedele che habbia potu<lb></lb>to hauere, con certa miſura hauere ritrouato, la <lb></lb>ſuperficie della terra eſſere piu ampia che la ſu<lb></lb>perficie dell'acqua, benche nelle due quarte au<lb></lb>strali, quella dell'acqua reſti un poco maggiore, <lb></lb>con che nel ſecondo afferma, hauere la terra mag<lb></lb>giore profondità che l'acqua, perche ſi è ricono<lb></lb>ſciuto nei mari nauigati ſino al preſente, che non <lb></lb>ſi profondano piu di mezo miglio, & la terra a <lb></lb>tre milla e cinquecento miglia. </s> <s>A queſto aggion<lb></lb>ge lo terzo nel capo ſeſto. </s> <s>eſſere certo, ſe bene ſi <lb></lb>comprendino tutte l'acque, eſſere la maggior par-<pb xlink:href="008/01/007.jpg" pagenum="7"></pb>te della terra ſcoperta, ſe ſi miſurer à non ſola<lb></lb>mente lo ſpatio, che contiene il mare, ma etiam<lb></lb>dio quello che ì grandißimi laghi con la palude <lb></lb>meotide, che gira miglia <emph type="roman"></emph>720.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> etutti li fiurni con <lb></lb>i fonti occupano, poiche le parti piu eminenti, <lb></lb>le montagne, i colli habbiano occupato quaſi la <lb></lb>terza. </s> <s>parte della faccia della terra, contando le <lb></lb>Iſole maritime, lequali ſono in gran numero & <lb></lb>di not abile grandezza. </s> <s>con che paſſando al ſet<lb></lb>timo capo, aggionge il quarto ſuppoſito, che ſe be<lb></lb>ne ſi conceda, che l'acque ſi profondaſſero ſino <lb></lb>al centro della terra, non percio auanz arebbono <lb></lb>in maggioranza eſſa terra, poiche ſiano ſecondo <lb></lb>il ſemidiametro digr an long a inferiori della ter<lb></lb>ra, come ſi proua dal tragheto, che ſi troua dal <lb></lb>mare Euſino alle colonne di Hercole, nel stretto di <lb></lb>Gibilterr a. per il che ſuppone eſſer minore ſecon<lb></lb>do ogni dimenſione l'acqua della terra. </s> <s>Il quinto <lb></lb>ſuppoſito da lui recitato, è tale, che per le noue na <lb></lb>uigationi oltra il Mar del Sur, ſi è ſcoperta una <lb></lb>noua & gran terra, & ritrouato eſſere il falſo, <lb></lb>che ilmare Oceano circondi tutta la terra: anzi <lb></lb>è piu ueriſimile, che l'acqua reſti circondata dal<lb></lb>la terra, poiche ſia neceſſario, che ſia dalla terra <lb></lb>come in un uaſo riceuuta: restando la terra ſotto <pb xlink:href="008/01/008.jpg" pagenum="8"></pb>l'acqua per la maggior parte collocata, poſti adon<lb></lb>que auanti queſti principij, ouero ſuppoſiti, ha<lb></lb>uendo prima eſaminato le ragioni & autorit à del <lb></lb>la ſentenza di Ariſtotile da lui recitate, mette <lb></lb>auantimolte ragioni, per confutarla, lequali fe<lb></lb>delmenter accont aremo, paſſando al. <emph type="roman"></emph>12.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> capo del <lb></lb>ſuo trattato, & con facilit à & breuità maggio<lb></lb>re che ſarà poßibile. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La primier a adonque uien tolta dalla profon<lb></lb>dit à della terra, la quale ſenza proportione auan<lb></lb>zando quella dell'acqua, poiche ſi profonda intor<lb></lb>no a tre millia cinquecento miglia, per il giro che <lb></lb>ſi troua hauere la terra nella ſua cir conferenza, <lb></lb>& l'acqua de i piu profondi marinon arriui a vn <lb></lb>miglio, ſenz a dubbio ſi ha da credere, che l'acqua <lb></lb>ſia minore della terra: ouero ſi conſideri l'acqua, <lb></lb>ſecondo che la terra ricuopre, ò uero ſecondo l'e<lb></lb>lemento tutto inſieme vnito & raccolto, perche <lb></lb>non potrà mai occupare maggior sfera della <lb></lb>terra, come dalle nuoue nauigationi ſiè rico<lb></lb>noſciuto. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſeconda ragione con laquale il medeſimo <lb></lb>dimoſtra, è preſa dalla <expan abbr="quãtità">quantità</expan> de iuapori, i quali <lb></lb>ſono materia dell'acqua: eßendo adonque queſti <lb></lb>uaporitirati dal Sole, di gran long a alla terra in-<pb xlink:href="008/01/009.jpg" pagenum="9"></pb>feriori, neceßario è che l'acqua ſia della terra mi<lb></lb>nore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La terza ragione viene fondata nel fluſſo & <lb></lb>refluſſo, ò ſia eſtò dil mare, perche eſſendo cauſato <lb></lb>non ſolamenti dalla Luna, ma etiamdio dal Sole, <lb></lb>non potrebbe il Sole queſto fare, ſe il mare foſſe di <lb></lb>profondità maggiore: concioſia coſa che i raggi <lb></lb>ſuoi non potrebbero tanto auanti penetrare, per <lb></lb>il che cento è, che l'acqua resti della terra molto <lb></lb>inferiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quartaragione dalui addota, è perche ol<lb></lb>tre la profondità, ſi vede che la terra ſia più alta <lb></lb>& eminente dell'acqua, il che li monti dimoſtra<lb></lb>no eſſendo alcùni dilorotanto alti, che ne pioggia, <lb></lb>ne Vento regna nella ſommit à loro, ſi come del <lb></lb>Olimpo ſi narra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quinta ragione, è tolta dalla natura del luo<lb></lb>go, eßendo adonque il luoco continente & il cor<lb></lb>po locato contenuto, ſenza dubbio il corpo che ſi <lb></lb>troua contenere un'altro ſarà maggiore, conte<lb></lb>nendo adonque la terr a l'acqua, neceſſario è, che <lb></lb>ſia maggiore, & ſecondo le parti più eleuate, piu <lb></lb>alta, accioche non ſommergano l'acque tutta la <lb></lb>faccia d'eſſa terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſesta ragione con che proua il medeſimo, è <pb xlink:href="008/01/010.jpg" pagenum="10"></pb>tolta dall'abbondanza e maggior quantità della <lb></lb>terra, che concorre alla compoſitione dei corpi mi<lb></lb>sti, tanto animati, quanto inanimati, i quali eſſen <lb></lb>do dal predominio terreni & ſodi, ſegno è, che la <lb></lb>terra predomini all'acque: con che aggionge, che <lb></lb>ſiano i miſti nella terrain maggior numero, che <lb></lb>nell'acqua, ſe bene ſitrouano animali acquatici <lb></lb>dei terreni maggiori. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſettima ragione, è fondata ſopra la diſtan<lb></lb>za delle parti del centro, eßendo adonque la ter<lb></lb>ra ſecondo le ſue parti tanto piane, come rileua<lb></lb>te, più lontana dal centro del Mondo, che quelle <lb></lb>dell'acqua, percioche ſia piuriſtretta & unita in<lb></lb>ſieme, & piu ſi profondi ſecondo il tutto dell'ac<lb></lb>qua, per eſſere ſemplicemente graue, resta dun<lb></lb>que che ſia maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>L'ottaua ragione, ſuppone della terra & del<lb></lb>l'acqua eſſere composto un ſol globo, il che eſſen<lb></lb>do uero, ſarà di neceßit à l'acqua concentrica con <lb></lb>la terra: profondandoſi adunque piu la terra, & <lb></lb>reſtando nondimeno più rileuata dell'acqua, ſen<lb></lb>za dubbioreſtar à maggiore, ancora che ſi profon<lb></lb>daße ſino al centro della terra. </s> <s>perche l'acqua <lb></lb>nel profondarſi ſi mouerebbe piramidalmente. <lb></lb></s> <s>Queſte ſono le migliori ragioni c'ho potuto caua-<pb xlink:href="008/01/011.jpg" pagenum="11"></pb>re dal diſcorſo del Picolomini. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Finalmente nel capo decimoterzo, con ſcioglie <lb></lb>re leragioni di Aristotile, s'ingegna ancora dimo<lb></lb>ſtr are, che l'acqua ſia maggiore della terra, in che <lb></lb>ſe habbia conſeguito il ſuo intento, giudicaremo <lb></lb>nell'ultimocapo di queſto noſtro diſcorſo. </s> <s>Intanto <lb></lb>ritorna, riprendendo l'opinione di vn'altro, raccon<lb></lb>tata nel capo ſeguente per dimoſtr are, che non ſia<lb></lb>no corpi eccentrici l'acqua & la terra, ma con<lb></lb>centrici, il che appreßo di lui è argomento della <lb></lb>maggioranza della terra; poiche stima, che il <lb></lb>centro della grauezza ſia il centro dell'vni<lb></lb>uerſo, al quale andarebbono tutti gli corpi gra<lb></lb>ui, ſe dalla terra nonfoſſero impediti, & a que<lb></lb>ſto uuole che ſeguiti in ogni modo, che il centro del <lb></lb>la grauezza, ſia vn medeſimo col centro del<lb></lb>la grandezza, ancor che l'acqua circondaße <lb></lb>tutta la terra, & restaſſe come l'aria & il fuo<lb></lb>co piu eminente: percioche non hauerebbe al<lb></lb>tro centro della ſua grauezza, che il centro del<lb></lb>l'vniuerſo. </s> <s>con che paßando all'ultimo capo, con <lb></lb>longo ragionamento conchiude, eßere ſtato neceſ<lb></lb>ſario, che foſſe maggiore la terra de ll'acqua: ac<lb></lb>cioche non reſtaſſe tutta la terra inondata et ſom<lb></lb>merſa; & perche l'ombra della terra ſia ſolamen <pb xlink:href="008/01/012.jpg" pagenum="12"></pb>te cauſa delli ecclißi della Luna, per eſſere opaca, <lb></lb>& l'acqua traſparente: laquale ſe per eßere piu <lb></lb>alta della terra, foße cagione dell'eccliſſe della Lis <lb></lb>na, restarebbe con maggiore & minore opacita <lb></lb>eccliſſata, ſecondo le parti di dentro & di fuori; <lb></lb>per il che conchiude, eßere la terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg3"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg3"></margin.target>Cap. 3.</s></p><p type="main"> <s>Doppo lequali, lordine da noi proposto uole, che <lb></lb>paßiarno alle ragioni, con le quali ſi dimoſtr a eſſere <lb></lb>piu uer a la ſentenza di Ariſtotile, che l'acqua ſia <lb></lb>maggiore della térra: ben che per non eſſere in un <lb></lb>globoriſtretta habbia minore profondità & nltez<lb></lb>za ſecondo il centro della <expan abbr="grãdezza">grandezza</expan> della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La primiera, con laquale intendiamo dimo<lb></lb>strare queſta uerità, ſarà fondata nella ſostan<lb></lb>za della terra, laquale non è ugualmente graue, <lb></lb>ne denſa, et bene unita ſecondo tutte le ſue parti, <lb></lb>per il che era neceſſario, che foße l'acqua con eſſa <lb></lb>lei meſcolata, accioche ſi poteſſe con giuſto equili<lb></lb>brio fermare nel centro dell'uniuerſo: Onde ch'eſ<lb></lb>ſendo l'acqua di gran longa men' graue della ter<lb></lb>ra, neceſſario è, accio che la poſſa equilibr are & <lb></lb>ſpingendola fermare nel centro del mondo, che in <lb></lb>quantità auanzi eſſa terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſeconda ragione, di cui intendiamo ſeruir<lb></lb>ſi a questo propoſito, ſar à questa, Eßendo concen-<pb xlink:href="008/01/013.jpg" pagenum="13"></pb>trica l'acqua con la terra, & minore, ſarà neceſ<lb></lb>ſario, formandoſi una ſuperficie di questo loro glo<lb></lb>bo sferica, che il centro della grandezza & del<lb></lb>la grauezza della terra, & dell'acqua, ſia il me<lb></lb>deſimo: il che da tutti gli filoſofi uiene riprouato, <lb></lb>poiche l'acqua meſcolata con la terra non reſti nel <lb></lb>ſuo proprio & natio luogo collocata. </s> <s>con che ſe<lb></lb>guirebbe, che il centro della grauezza non foſſe <lb></lb>nel vniuerſo diſtinto dal centro della <expan abbr="grãdezza">grandezza</expan>, <lb></lb>il che ſidimoſtra eſſere falſo. </s> <s>dalle loro de finitio<lb></lb>ni, poiche il centro della grandezza, ſi stimi eſ<lb></lb>ſere il mezo del firmamento, &'il <expan abbr="cẽtro">centro</expan> della gra<lb></lb>uezza piu toſto il punto, che ſi troua nel mezzo <lb></lb>della linea, che diuide il corpo graue in due par<lb></lb>ti ugualmente graui, ſi come i piu ſaputi filoſofi <lb></lb>nel libro ſecondo dil Cielo inſegnano, perche ap<lb></lb>preſſo diloro, altro non ſia il centro della grandez<lb></lb>za, che il centro <expan abbr="cõmune">commune</expan>, ugualmenti diſtante dal <lb></lb>la circonferenza ſecondo tutte le ſue parti, & il <lb></lb>centro della grauez̀z̀ a non altro, che il mezzo, al <lb></lb>quale diſcendano tutti li corpi graui, come al pro<lb></lb>prio fine, il quale ſempre pende & inchina a per<lb></lb>pendicolo, uerſo il centro della <expan abbr="grãdezza">grandezza</expan>, inqual <lb></lb>ſiuogliamodo, che resti ſoſpeſo il corpo graue; il che <lb></lb>la raggion' richiede, accio non ſiamo aſtretti fin-<pb xlink:href="008/01/014.jpg" pagenum="14"></pb>gere un nouo corpo, ilquale ſostenga la terra, che <lb></lb>nel centro del uniuerſo ripoſa: il che ancora molti <lb></lb>geografi confeſſano apertamente, negando il cen<lb></lb>tro dil mondo eſſere il centro della terra, accioche <lb></lb>non ſegua ſecondo il ſito de i poli & ordine de gli <lb></lb>elementi mutatione alcuna; ſi che i corpi graui <lb></lb>uolino al in sù, & i leggieri diſcendano al ingiù. <lb></lb></s> <s>il che ſe ſia uero, non puo eſſere ſecondo l'uno & <lb></lb>l'altro centro l'acqua <expan abbr="cõcentrtca">concentrica</expan> con la terra, & <lb></lb>per conſeguente ſarà poßibile, che ſia della terra <lb></lb>maggiore, ſe bene ſi conceda, che reſti concentri<lb></lb>ca ſecondo il centro della grauezza commune: <lb></lb>il che piu a propoſito ſarà da noi nel progreſſo di<lb></lb>chiarato. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La terza ragione uien preſa dal ordine del<lb></lb>l'uniuerſo, poiche gli elementi piu nobili habbia<lb></lb>no ottenuto luogo ſuperiore, & per conſeguenza <lb></lb>maggiore, il che ſe ſia uero, poiche il fuoco è del<lb></lb>l'aria maggiore, & l'aria dell'acqua, nell'ordine <lb></lb>della nobiltà; neceſſario è, che l'acqua ſia maggio<lb></lb>re della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quarta ragione è fondata nella proportio<lb></lb>ne ſecondo la quantità de gli elementi, di cui fà <lb></lb>mentione Ariſtotile nel libro primo della meteo<lb></lb>ra, il teſto <emph type="roman"></emph>12.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> laquale eſſendo decupla, come ſi <pb xlink:href="008/01/015.jpg" pagenum="15"></pb>proua nella generatione loro, ſi come il fuoco, che <lb></lb>ſi produce dell'aria reſta maggiore, & l'aria del<lb></lb>l'acqua, è ancora neceſſario, generandoſi l'acqua <lb></lb>nella corrutione della terra, che habbia maggior <lb></lb>quantità ch'eſſa terra, per lo che ſi ſtima eßere il <lb></lb>fuoco milecuplo maggiore della terra, & il centa <lb></lb>plo de l'acqua, & che l'aria ſia il decuplo de l'ac<lb></lb>qua, & il centuplo della terra: di cui ſia il decu<lb></lb>plo l'acqua, concioſia coſa che di un pugillo di ter<lb></lb>ra, ſe ne facciano dieci d'acqua. </s> <s>Il che uolſe Pla<lb></lb>tone che foße neceſſario, accioche gli eſtremi ele<lb></lb>menti, il fuoco & la terra, con que ſti duoi mez<lb></lb>zi dell'acqua & dell'aria reſtaſſero congionti in<lb></lb>ſieme: eſſendo nei corpi ſodi poßibile il mezzo <lb></lb>uguale nella geometrica proportione. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quinta ragione, è fondata nelli ecclißi del<lb></lb>la Luna, concioſia coſa che ſe foſſe la terra mag<lb></lb>giore & piu eminente dell'acqua, ſarebbe poßibi<lb></lb>le, che il corpo della Luna, ſi oſcuraſſe tal uolta <lb></lb>ſolamente ſecondo il centro, restando tutte l'al<lb></lb>tre parti illuminate, eſſendo la terra nella ſuper<lb></lb>ficie molto inuguale, & più eleuata nel polo antar<lb></lb>tico ſotto l'orſe, che nell'artico, il che non eſſendo <lb></lb>giamai in tanti ecclißi auuenuto, ſar à ſenza dub<lb></lb>bio, l'acqua maggiore della terra. </s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/016.jpg" pagenum="16"></pb><p type="main"> <s>La ſeſta ragione, con la quale il medeſimo ſi <lb></lb>dimoſtra è queſta, ſe la terra foſſe maggiore & <lb></lb>più eminente dell'acqua, leuata uia l'acqua, ſi <lb></lb>mouerebbe la terra al ſuo luogo, di che con la pruo<lb></lb>ua in mano ſi mostrà il contrario, poiche il fuoco, <lb></lb>tiri à ſe l'acqua per l'orificio del vaſo riſoaldato, <lb></lb>non tirando doppò ſe la terra, ſi come Ariſtotile <lb></lb>al fine de i ſuoi libri del Cielo dimoſtra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſettima ragione, ſarà queſta, ſe la ter<lb></lb>ra foſſe maggiore dell'acqua, douunque ſi ri<lb></lb>troua piu eminente con i monti la terra, ſi ritro<lb></lb>uarebbeno l'acque tanto de mari, come de laghi, <lb></lb>& fiumi minori, il che ne i mari ſettentrionali ſi <lb></lb>è ritrouato in contrario, poiche iui in molti luo<lb></lb>ghi ſi ſiano ritrouati di profondità inconmenſu<lb></lb>ràbile, ſi come Holao magno nel libro ſecondo al <lb></lb>capo x. delle historie Gotiche ſcriue, per il che ſa<lb></lb>rà ſenza dubbio neceſſario, che l'acqua reſti mag<lb></lb>giore della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>L'ottaua ragione uien fondata nella purità & <lb></lb>impurita de gli elementi eſſendo adonque per <lb></lb>la maggior purità il fuoco de gli altri maggiore, <lb></lb>ſarà etiamdio neceſſario che l'acqua eſſendo ele<lb></lb>mento piu puro della terra, nella quale ſi ritro<lb></lb>uano acaue, aere, & fuoco, inſieme meſcolati, che <pb xlink:href="008/01/017.jpg" pagenum="17"></pb>ſia l'acqua dellà terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La nona ragione ſegue la quantità della ma<lb></lb>teria, che ciaſcuno elemento ha ottenuto nella ſua <lb></lb>generatione: hauendo adonque l'acqua piu cop<lb></lb>pia di materia, poiche immediatamente ſi puo del <lb></lb>l'aria & della terra produrrè, ſaràuero che ſia <lb></lb>della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La decima ragione, uien tolta dalla genera<lb></lb>tione de gli elementi, i quali ſi ſtima eſſere ſtati <lb></lb>prodotti dalla prima materia & prime qualit à <lb></lb>con l'aiuto del Cielo. </s> <s>Eſſendo adonque il fuoco per <lb></lb>eſſere piu vicino al Cielo primieramente prodot<lb></lb>to & maggiore de gli altri, la ragion uuole, che <lb></lb>l'acqua eſſendo dianci la terra prodotta, etiam<lb></lb>dio ſia della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>L'vndecima ragione, resta fondata nella ne<lb></lb>ceßità de l'ordine di questo uniuerſo, concioſia <lb></lb>coſa che per dar lume a queſto Mondo inferiore, <lb></lb>neceſſario foſſe che gli corpi perſpicui & tranſpa<lb></lb>renti auanzaſſero non ſolamenti in numero ma <lb></lb>in quantità ancora gli opacchi; reſtando adonque <lb></lb>l'acqua più trà li per ſpicui che ſrà gli opacchi, do<lb></lb>ueua eſſere della terra maggiore, acciò la luce me <lb></lb>glio poteſſe tutte le parti della terra penetrare. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La duodecima ragione, naſce dal principio <pb xlink:href="008/01/018.jpg" pagenum="18"></pb>commune di tutte le coſe, il qual' eſſendo il ſeme <lb></lb>caldo & humido, accio foſſe bastante in infinito <lb></lb>di produrre tante & diuerſe coſe, per eſſere di na<lb></lb>tura acqueo & aereo: era conueneuole, che l'ac<lb></lb>qua foſſe maggiore della terra, laquale ſi stima <lb></lb>eßere inettißima alla generatione. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La terzadecima ragione è fondata nella con<lb></lb>formità ſecondo le qualità dell'elementi, eſſendo <lb></lb>adonque l'acqua conforme a l'aria ſecondo la leg<lb></lb>gerezza & humidit à, & l'aria col fuoco ſecondo <lb></lb>la caldezza & leggerezza. </s> <s>con che il ſuperio<lb></lb>re di maggioranza eccede l'inferiore, ſereſta l'ac <lb></lb>qua naturalmente doppo l'aria, reſtarà in ogni <lb></lb>modo della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La decimaquartar agione uiene fondata nel<lb></lb>l'attiuita de gli elementi, nella quale ſi compren<lb></lb>de queſta proportione, che oue ſi troua attiuita <lb></lb>maggiore iui ſi ritroua la reſiſtenza minore, il che <lb></lb>non procede che dalla quantita della materia con <lb></lb>ueneuole a ciaſcun' elemento: eſſendo adonque <lb></lb>l'acqua di attiuita maggiore della terra. neceſ<lb></lb>ſario è, che reſti a lei nella quantita ſuperiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La decimaquinta ragione naſce da l'ordine ſe <lb></lb>condo il ſuo dell'uniuerſo: eſſendo adonque later <lb></lb>ra il ſuo centro, & il Cielo la ſua circonferenza, <pb xlink:href="008/01/019.jpg" pagenum="19"></pb>la quale auanza di maggioranza il centro che <lb></lb>ſi stima eſſere ſimile al punto. </s> <s>Se ſia l'acqua piu <lb></lb>conforme come l'aria alla circonferenza perche <lb></lb>non ſia aſſolut amente graue, neceſſario ſarà, che <lb></lb>restimaggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La decimaſeſta ragione ſarà queſta. </s> <s>eſſendo <lb></lb>coſa chiara che la terra ſia ſimile ad una ſpong a <lb></lb>cauernoſa & porroſa, ſe ſi premeße bene ſecon<lb></lb>do tutte le ſue parti, di gran long a reſtarebbe mi<lb></lb>nore: il che non ſi puo de l'acqua affermare, per <lb></lb>eſſere più continua & uguale ſecondo tutte le ſue <lb></lb>parti, onde che naturalmente ſarà l'acqua della <lb></lb>terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La decimaſettima ragione reſta fondata nella <lb></lb>piu perfetta sfericita dell'acqua: percio che ugual<lb></lb>mente ſi moua al centro & alla circonferenza. <lb></lb></s> <s>il che ricerca che ſia della terra maggiore: ſi co<lb></lb>me l'aria col fuoco eſſendo piu perfettamente sfe<lb></lb>rici de l'acqua & della terra, ſono di gran longa <lb></lb>maggiori. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La decima ottaua ragione ſarà tale. </s> <s>Poi che <lb></lb>dianci l'ordine dil Chaos & nel diluuio generale <lb></lb><expan abbr="bauẽdo">bauendo</expan> l'acque ſuperato la terra, fi ſiano ſolamen<lb></lb>ti ritir ate ne totalmente conſumate, è neceßa<lb></lb>rio che ſiano della terra maggiori. </s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/020.jpg" pagenum="20"></pb><p type="main"> <s>La decimanona ragione ſi puo cauare ſeguen<lb></lb>do i peripatetici dalla eternità del mondo, per<lb></lb>cioche ſe l'acqua già per infiniti ſecoli paſſati & <lb></lb>à auenire, foſſe alla terra inferiore, ſarebbe or<lb></lb>mai tutta distrutta & conſummata, eſſendo di <lb></lb>minor reſistenza che la terra. </s> <s>il che però <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> è aue <lb></lb>nuto, eſſendo la generatione dell'acque piu faci<lb></lb>le & continua che della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La uenteſima ragione, è fondata nelle inon<lb></lb>dationi dell'acque, lequali hanno ſommerſo mol<lb></lb>te terre, il che pare che ſia argomento della mag<lb></lb>gioranza dell'acqua. </s> <s>& che habbia ottenuto po<lb></lb>tenza maggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La venteſimaprima ragione, ſegue l'eccellen<lb></lb>za & nobiltà de gl'elementi: eßendo adonque il <lb></lb>fuoco per la nobiltà & eccellenza ſua ſuperio<lb></lb>re all'aria, & l'aria all'acqua, neceßario è, che <lb></lb>l'acqua eßendo piu nobile & eccellente della ter<lb></lb>ra, che ſij d'eßa maggiore: & che ſia piu nobile: <lb></lb>non ſi può dubitare, poiche la terra ſia ſimile al<lb></lb>la feccia & piu opacca & impura dell'acqua. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>A queſte ſeguano l'altre dal Picolomini adot<lb></lb>te in fauore della ſentenza di Aristotile, nel <lb></lb>primiero capo del ſuo trattato, lequali ſaranno <lb></lb>per ordine da noi raccontate, accio al ſuo luoco <pb xlink:href="008/01/021.jpg" pagenum="21"></pb>ſiriconoſca, ſe l'habbia o bene o male riſſolte. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Viene adonque la primiera ragione preſa dal<lb></lb>l'auttorità di Tolomeo, nel capo <emph type="roman"></emph>13.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> del quinto <lb></lb>libro dell' Almagesto, con che uuole che il ſpacio<lb></lb>che s'interpone tra noi & lorbe Lunare, eſſere <lb></lb>per dritta linea trentanoue uolte maggiore ch'il <lb></lb>ſemidiametro della terra: & douendo queſto ſpa<lb></lb>cio eſſere ripieno, ſi come il fuoco auanz a l'aria, <lb></lb>& l'ania l'acqua, ragioneuol coſa è, che l'acqua <lb></lb>reſtimaggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>L'altr a ragione che ſegue uiene fondata nel<lb></lb>la ſomiglianza ſecondo il tutto & le parti de gli <lb></lb>elementi: prouandoſi adonque nella generatione <lb></lb>dell'acqua, farſipiu ampia & capace la materia <lb></lb>della terra, che non era prima, & quella dell'ac<lb></lb>qua, mut andoſinell'aria, poiche richieda uaſo piu <lb></lb>capace, ſiamo aſtretti di confeſſare, che ſi come <lb></lb>l'aria è maggiore dell'acqua, che coſi ella ſia del<lb></lb>la terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La terza ragione uien tolta dal ſito de gli ele<lb></lb>menti, eſſendo adonque la terra allogiata nel cen<lb></lb>tro del mondo, & il fuoco nel piu alto, ſegue che <lb></lb>l'acqua resti collocata doppo la terra, & contigua <lb></lb>all'aria, ſecondo le parti che cuoprano la faccia <lb></lb>d'eſſa terra; il che eſſendo uero ſi come il fuoco <pb xlink:href="008/01/022.jpg" pagenum="22"></pb>resta dell'aria, & dell'acqua maggiore, ragione<lb></lb>uole è, che l'acqua resti maggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quarta ragione ſegue l'opinione d'alcuni fi<lb></lb>loſofi, i quali credano che gli animali aquatici <lb></lb>ſiano non ſolamente maggiori ma in piu numero <lb></lb>de gli terre ſtri, il che ſarà argomento che l'acqua <lb></lb>ſia della terra maggiore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quinta uien tolta dalla iſperienza, concio<lb></lb>ſia coſa che nauig ando il Mare uerſo alcuna par<lb></lb>te molto lontana dal porto, di doue ſiè ſciolto nel <lb></lb>arriuare, ſe nella ſpiaggia ſarà qualch'edificio <lb></lb>eminente, prima ſarà la ſommita di cotal' edi<lb></lb>ficio da nuoi ueduta, che la piu baſſa parte di <lb></lb>quello: doue che per il contrario ſe la terra foſſe <lb></lb>piu eleuata che l'acqua, è ugualmente la parte <lb></lb>inferiore del edificio o torre, ſi mostrarebbe pri<lb></lb>ma, concioſia coſa che in tal caſo producendoſi <lb></lb>un triangolo con due linee, che uſcire ci imagi<lb></lb>naßimo dal occhio nostro, & alla ſomma & all <lb></lb>infima parte di quella torre, come in baſe di det<lb></lb>to triangolo arriuaſſero; eſſendo l'angolo da baſſo <lb></lb>o retto, o maggiore di retto, è conſeguentemente <lb></lb>maggiore la linea ch'alla cima arriua, che quella <lb></lb>non è, ch'alla piu baſſa parte uiene, ſaria di me <lb></lb>ſtieri che douendoſi prima uedere quell'oggetto, <pb xlink:href="008/01/023.jpg" pagenum="23"></pb>ch'è piu uicino prima, parimente la baſe dellator<lb></lb>re che la ſommita ſi diſcopriſſe a gli occhi noſtri, <lb></lb>come poi con certa figura dimoſtra. </s> <s><expan abbr="auenẽdo">auenendo</expan> adon<lb></lb>que il contrario, ſegno è, che l'acqua ſij piu alta & <lb></lb>eminente della terra, à che ſegue che ſia maggio<lb></lb>re d'eſſa terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſeſta ragione resta fondata nell'auttorità <lb></lb>d' Ariſtotile dil primo libro della meteora, al te<lb></lb>ſto <emph type="roman"></emph>12.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> nella quale col mezzo della proportione <lb></lb>geometrica ſi dimostra eſſere maggiore l'acqua <lb></lb>della terra, ſi come il fuoco reſta dell'aria mag<lb></lb>giore, & l'aria dell'acqua, percioche ſia in pro<lb></lb>portione decupla un elemento dell'altro maggio<lb></lb>re. </s> <s>poiche di dieci pugni di terra ſe ne produca<lb></lb>no cento di acqua, ſi come uiene ancora dimoſtra <lb></lb>to nel ſecondo libro della generatione al teſto <emph type="roman"></emph>37.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end><lb></lb>oue par agona li elementi frà loro, non ſolamenti <lb></lb>ſecondo le potenze & uirtù, ma etiamdio ſecon<lb></lb>do la grandezza & quantità loro, con che con<lb></lb>chiude apertamente l'acqua eſſere maggiore della <lb></lb>terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſettima ragione, uien tolta dall'auttorità <lb></lb>di Strabone & di Plinio, i quali hanno creduto <lb></lb>che l'acqua circondi tutta la terra, & che hab<lb></lb>bia potenza ſopra eſſa terra, poiche ſommerga <pb xlink:href="008/01/024.jpg" pagenum="24"></pb>& ingiotiſca molte terre. </s> <s>il che argomento ſarà <lb></lb>della maggioranza dell'acqua. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Queſte ſono le ragioni, con le quali ſi difende <lb></lb>la ſentenza di Ariſtotile, che l'acqua ſia mag<lb></lb>giore della terra, il che intendendo noi di ſeguire. <lb></lb></s> <s>Et acciò che reſti la ſudetta opinione piu ſtabile & <lb></lb>ferma, neceſſario è che dimoſtriamo in prima co<lb></lb>me natur almente non resti della terra & de l'ac<lb></lb>qua compoſto un globo concentrico ſecondo il cen<lb></lb>tro della magnitudine, dipoiche l'acqua non ſo<lb></lb>lamente ſia sferica, ma etiamdio piu ugualmente <lb></lb>sferica della terra, & finalmente che ſia piu alta <lb></lb>& eminente dieſſa terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quanto al primo capo adonque ſe l'acqua foſ<lb></lb>ſe concentrica nel modo ſudetto con la terra, & <lb></lb>che di eſſa & la terra foſſe composto un ſol globo, <lb></lb>ſarebbe neceſſario, che l'acqua foſſe continua con <lb></lb>la terra, il che uiene riputato falſo, poiche <lb></lb>ſia di natura & ſpecie l'acqua diferente dalla <lb></lb>terra; hauendo qualit à diuerſa & propria circon<lb></lb>ſcrittione eſſendo contigua alla terra & parte di <lb></lb>tutto il globo compoſto d'eſſa & della terra. </s> <s>Con <lb></lb>che ſeguirebbeno gl'inconuenienti da noi nella <lb></lb>ragione dellicentri allegati, i quali eſſendo di mol<lb></lb>ta importanza, neceſſario è di confeſſare, che ue-<pb xlink:href="008/01/025.jpg" pagenum="25"></pb>ramente de l'acqua & della terra non reſti for<lb></lb>mato un globo concentrico, ſecondo il centro pro<lb></lb>prio della grandezza, ma ſolamenti ſecondo il cen<lb></lb>tro della grauezza commune, poiche l'acqua re <lb></lb>sta etiam dio ſolamenti contigua con eſſa terra & <lb></lb>non gia continua. </s> <s>& di circonſcrittione ſeparata, <lb></lb>come la difinitione della parte dil corpo dimoſtra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dipoiche l'acqua ſia sferica come ancora <lb></lb>concede il Picolomini, & piu sferica della terra, <lb></lb>facilmente ſi proua, poiche l'iſperienza l'inſegna. <lb></lb></s> <s>concioſia coſa che partendoſi la Naue dal lido, <lb></lb>quando ſi troua in alto mare, i nauiganti non ve<lb></lb>dano piu il ſegno fermato nel lido, ſtando al piede <lb></lb>de l'arbor della Naue, come ſe <expan abbr="starãno">staranno</expan> nella cima, <lb></lb>di che altro non puo eßere cagione, che la sferici<lb></lb>tà & gonfiamento de l'acqua, come che ſinaſcon<lb></lb>dia poco a poco la Naue tutta, eſſendo nell'alto <lb></lb>mare a quelli, che ſtauano riguar <expan abbr="dãdola">dandola</expan> nelli alti <lb></lb>ſcogli. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Dipoi ſi proua l'acqua eſſere sferica dacoloro, <lb></lb>i quali nauigando uanno alont anandoſi, ò uero <lb></lb>approßimandoſi alla tramontana, poiche quanto <lb></lb>piu uerſo ſettentrione ſi auicinano, tanto piu alte <lb></lb>proportionat amente nel cerchio meridiano gli ap<lb></lb>pariſcano le ſtelle, da loro uerſo il noſtro polo oſſer <pb xlink:href="008/01/026.jpg" pagenum="26"></pb>uate, & per il contrario andando uerſo mezzo <lb></lb>giorno, ſempre piu con la proportione dil camino <lb></lb>loro, ſi ueggan loro, le dette ſtelle abbaſſando. <lb></lb></s> <s>Di che ancoraè chiaro argomento il uedere l'ac<lb></lb>qua ſopra le foglie mouerſi ugualmenti in figura <lb></lb>sferica, poiche ſi moua ugualmenti ſecondo tutte <lb></lb>le ſue parti alcentro & alla circonferenza della <lb></lb>ſua magnitudine. </s> <s>di che ſi argomenta che ſia piu <lb></lb>ugualmente sferica della terra, laquale al cen<lb></lb>tro ſolamenti ugualmente ſi profonda, ſecondo <lb></lb>tutte le ſue parti. </s> <s>eſſendo nella eſtrema ſuperficie <lb></lb>molto inuguale. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et finalmente la figura dell'uniuerſo lo richie<lb></lb>de, poiche debbano le parti etiamdio ſecondo la <lb></lb>figura eſſere proportionate al tutto. </s> <s>Con che paſ<lb></lb>ſaremo à dimostrare con queſta ragione eßere piu <lb></lb>perfettamente sferica l'acqua della terra. </s> <s>perche <lb></lb>non ſi puo negare, che nell'eſtrema ſua ſuperficie <lb></lb>non ſia piu uguale della terra. </s> <s>poiche londe piu <lb></lb>eminente ſopra la faccia dil mare, con figura <lb></lb>sferica inondano & inalzano il corpo dil mare, <lb></lb>come nel nauigare ſi proua, con che argomenta<lb></lb>remo eſſere ancora piu eminente della terra, co<lb></lb>me primieramente dalli ecclißi della Luna ca<lb></lb>gionati dall'ombra delle acque maritime ſi puo <pb xlink:href="008/01/027.jpg" pagenum="27"></pb>dimoſtrare, & dal naſcondere à nuoi il Sole, ſi che <lb></lb>paia che ſi ſommerga, & atuffi nell'onde nel ſuo<lb></lb>tramontare. </s> <s>A che aggiongano i nostri peripate<lb></lb>tici, che una gleba della terra piu ſi profondi di<lb></lb>una gleba dell'acqua eſſendo la terra oßolutamen<lb></lb>te graue, poiche la terra reſti atta di diſcendere<lb></lb>al centro dell'uniuerſo, & l'acqua ſolamenti al<lb></lb>centro della grauezza: per il che natur almen<lb></lb>te reſta più eminente l'acqua della terra. </s> <s>Et ſe <lb></lb>cio non foſſe, non ſi mouerebbe l'acqua alla con<lb></lb>caua parte dell'aria, ne ſarebbe dal fuoco tirata<lb></lb>non tir andoſi la terra. </s> <s>il che ancora con questa<lb></lb>ragione ſi puo mostrare, concioſia coſa che ſe piu<lb></lb>alta foſſe la terra dell'acqua, neceſſario ſarebbe<lb></lb>che vno elemento natur almenti foſſe luoco natu<lb></lb>rale & proprio de due elementi, il che ſi troua eſ<lb></lb>ſere impoßibile, poiche natur almenti ſia ſolamen<lb></lb>ti luoco di l'uno & violentemente dell'altro: ſe <lb></lb>adonque ſia uenuto, che resti un globo composto<lb></lb>dell'acqua & della terra, non è pero da ſtimare,<lb></lb>che tutte le parti dell'acque restino manco emi<lb></lb>nenti di eſſa terra, poiche ſia ſtato neceſſario accio<lb></lb>il calore de l'aere & dil fuoco ſi contemperaſſe col<lb></lb>ſreddo ecceßiuo de l'acqua che l'acqua foſſe con<lb></lb>tigua all'aria. </s> <s>onde che dil Mare non ſi conce-<pb xlink:href="008/01/028.jpg" pagenum="28"></pb>da, eſſendo che stando noi ſopra un monte mol<lb></lb>to lontano dal mare, benche ſiano altri mon<lb></lb>ti dimezzo, ſi uegga pero ilmare & non la ter<lb></lb>ra piana. </s> <s>Ne ſi puo negare che le neni lequali <lb></lb>ancora nella Etiopia ſi ritrouano ſopra i monti <lb></lb>della Luna & le altre ne i paeſi piu freddi non <lb></lb>ſiano piu eminenti & alte della terra come anco<lb></lb>ra gli uapori acquei, i quali restano ſopra tut<lb></lb>ta la faccia della terra contigui alla sfera dell'a<lb></lb>ria. </s> <s>Ne ci debbe incontrario adurre la ſuperficie <lb></lb>della terra ſcoperta, et altezza delle montagne, <lb></lb>poiche per la ſalute de gli animali ſia ſtato neceſ<lb></lb>ſario alla prouidenza della natura di ritenere <lb></lb>con la uirtù & influenza del Cielo & delle stelle <lb></lb>l'acque nelle concauita della terra, accio col mo<lb></lb>uimento uerſo l'aria non copriſſero tutta la terra. <lb></lb></s> <s>con che reſta la ſentenza d' Aristotile più che ue<lb></lb>ra, eſſere l'acqua maggiore della terra, o ſiano gli <lb></lb>elementi in qual modo ſiuoglia puri, ò uero impu<lb></lb>ri, poiche in questa quiſtione non ſi habbia altra <lb></lb>conſideratione de gli elementi di quella, che ri<lb></lb>chiede la natura loro, conueneuole alla generatio<lb></lb>ne di tutte le coſe & constitutione dell'uniuerſo. </s></p><p type="main"> <s><arrow.to.target n="marg4"></arrow.to.target></s></p><p type="margin"> <s><margin.target id="marg4"></margin.target>Cap. <emph type="roman"></emph>4.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end></s></p><p type="main"> <s>Paßando adonque al quarto capo da noi pro<lb></lb>posto, ſarà neceſſario di eſaminare in prima gli <pb xlink:href="008/01/029.jpg" pagenum="29"></pb>ſuppoſiti, ouero principij del Picolomini. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quanto al primo adonque non concediamo, <lb></lb>che ſia uero di tutta l'vniuerſit à dell'acqua, ſe be <lb></lb>ne ſi poßa admettere dell'acque del mare, poiche <lb></lb>queſte ſole habbia miſurato nella ſuperficie dil <lb></lb>ſuo globo. </s> <s>onde che ſe reſtaſſero tutte l'acque uni<lb></lb>te & congregate inſieme, ſarebbono di gran longa <lb></lb>ſecondo la ſuperficie loro maggiori della ſuperficie <lb></lb>della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Quanto al ſecondo della profondità delli mari, <lb></lb>ſe bene ſe li conceda delli mediteranei, non ſe gli <lb></lb>concede però de molti mari ſettentrionali, poiche <lb></lb>Holao magno nelle hiſtorie gotiche al capo decimo <lb></lb>dil ſecondo libro affermi, nella Norueggia ritro<lb></lb>uarſi mari & laghi di tanta profondità, che ſiano <lb></lb>inſcandagliabili, poiche hauendo fatto proua di <lb></lb>miſur arli con tanta coppia de funi, che carica<lb></lb>uano una grandißima naue, gia mai fu poßibile <lb></lb>ritrouare il fondo loro. </s> <s>Il che ancora in alcune ca<lb></lb>riddi de noſtri mari ſi ritroua, come che delli abißi <lb></lb>dell'acque contenuti nella maggior profondità del <lb></lb>la terra ſi ha da credere. </s> <s>con che il terzo ſuppo<lb></lb>ſito nel quale ſiaggiong ano i laghi, le paludi, fiu<lb></lb>mi & fontireſta di poco <expan abbr="momẽto">momento</expan>, poiche oltre tut<lb></lb>te queſt'acque apparenti nella eſtrema ſuperſicie <pb xlink:href="008/01/030.jpg" pagenum="30"></pb>della terra molte ne ſiano in copia maggiore nelle <lb></lb>cauerne & uoragini d'eſſa terra contenute ſino <lb></lb>nel centro d'eſſa terra come il Cardano raconta. <lb></lb></s> <s>talmente che nell'inferno ſitrouano acque per nu<lb></lb>ture il fuoco materiale che iui ſi troua d'i loro ua <lb></lb>pori. </s> <s>il quarto ſuo ſuppoſito benche paia molto piu <lb></lb>efficace, non ſtringe à fatto, concioſia coſa che mi<lb></lb>ſur ando la profondità della terra, reſti inſieme <lb></lb>miſurata tutta la profondità dell'uniuer ſit à del<lb></lb>l'acqua eſſendo uero che l'acqua ſi ritroui in tut<lb></lb>te le sfere meſcolata con la terra ſi che d'eßa & <lb></lb>della terra reſti formato un ſol globo concentrico <lb></lb>come il Picolomini uuole: per il che non mi par <lb></lb>uero, ſe l'acque ſi profondaſſero <expan abbr="tãto">tanto</expan> come la ter<lb></lb>ra, che non ſarebbeno percio maggiori d'eſſa ter<lb></lb>ra. </s> <s>Et ſe paſſaremo alquinto ſuo ſuppoſito, ritro<lb></lb>uaremo eſſere di poco ualore, poiche non compren<lb></lb>da che l'acque de i mari ſin'ora conoſciuti & na<lb></lb>uigati. </s> <s>oltrei quali puo eſſere ſe bene ſi ſia ſco<lb></lb>perta qualche terra, che ſi <expan abbr="ritrouarãno">ritrouaranno</expan> altri ma <lb></lb>ri deppo quella terra & maßime ſoito i circoli ar<lb></lb>tico & antartico doue ſono li mari profondißimi <lb></lb>& gelaticon infinita coppia d'acqua. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Restando adonque incerti queſti ſuoi ſuppoſi<lb></lb>ti, non ci debbe ſopra di loro fare fondamento. <pb xlink:href="008/01/031.jpg" pagenum="31"></pb>ſi che ſarà iſpediente, che paßiamo alle riſpoſte <lb></lb>portate alle'ragioni & auttorità, con lequali ſi di <lb></lb>fendeua la ſentenza di Ariſtotile. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſpondendo adonque nel capo nono dil ſuo <lb></lb>trattato alla prima ragione preſa dall'auttorità <lb></lb>di Tolomeo, negache la sfera dell'aere compren<lb></lb>da tanto ſpacio, il che non pùo con uerità nega<lb></lb>re, poiche tre ſiano le sfere o ſia regioni dell'aria, <lb></lb>delle quali inconſider atamente nega la terza, <lb></lb>nella quale le impreßioni ignee ſogliano produrſi. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi che ſarà l'aria ſecondo li duo modi dechiarati <lb></lb>più grandi di queſto globo poiche occupi & piupro<lb></lb>fonda & ampia sfera. </s> <s>per il che resta l'auttorità <lb></lb>di Tolomeo nella ſua forza. </s> <s>per dimostrare che <lb></lb>l'acqua ſia maggiore della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Alla ſecondar agione preſa dalla omogencita <lb></lb>dè gli elementi, con che ſi coglieua l'acqua eſſere <lb></lb>maggiore della terra, percioche nella generatio<lb></lb>ne de l'acqua di un pugno di terra ſi proui pro<lb></lb>durſiun corpo maggiore, riſpondendo liber amen<lb></lb>te nega la conſeguenza. </s> <s>poſcia che ſecondo la ſen<lb></lb>tenza de i peripatetici, ancora che in ogni parte <lb></lb>loro ſucceßiuamente li quatro elementi ſiano ge<lb></lb>nerabili & corrutibili, nondimeno inſieme ſecon<lb></lb>do il tutto non ſi poßono generare ne meno cor-<pb xlink:href="008/01/032.jpg" pagenum="32"></pb>rompere, in che dimostra non ricordar ſi delli pre<lb></lb>cetti della loica, ne i quali queſto ſi tiene per ue<lb></lb>rißimo, che la coſa poßibile ſe ſi porra eſſere non ſia <lb></lb>in mo do alcuno impoßibile, eſſendo adunque poſ<lb></lb>ſibile, che ſecondo il tutto gli elementi ſi mutino, <lb></lb>non ſarà impoßibile, che in cotal modo ſiano gene <lb></lb>rabili & corruttibili, ſi come ſi stimano attual<lb></lb>menti eſſere ſecondo le loro parti. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Alla terza ragione, ſe l'acqua per la maggior <lb></lb>parte non copriſſe la terra, non ſi potrebbe con piu <lb></lb>ragione dire che l'aria nella diſpoſitione de gli ele<lb></lb>menti foſſe collocata ſopra dell'acqua, che ſopra <lb></lb>della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Riſponde il Picolomini, che non per eſſere o mag<lb></lb>giore in quantita, l'uno elemento che l'altro, ſi <lb></lb>conuien loro quel ſito che ritengono nel ordine del <lb></lb>vniuerſo, ma ſolo per la maggior grauezzao leg<lb></lb>gerezza che, per natura è data loro, di maniera <lb></lb>che quando bene molto minore il fuoco foſſe di <lb></lb>quel ch'egliè, è l'aria ò la terra molto maggiore, <lb></lb>nondimeno punto piu ò meno ſaria per natura la <lb></lb>forza e l'impeto in eßi, ingire la terra al piu baſ<lb></lb>ſo de tutti, e il fuoco piu in alto, ne punto meno <lb></lb>l'aria ſotto dil fuoco, e l'acqua ſopra della terra. <lb></lb></s> <s>che ſi facciano nella quantita che <expan abbr="hãno">hanno</expan> al preſen-<pb xlink:href="008/01/033.jpg" pagenum="33"></pb>te: nella qual riſpoſta ſe bene ſi diſtenda molto, <lb></lb>non ha pero poſſuto conſeguire il ſuo intento, con<lb></lb>cioſia coſa che gli elementi habbiano ottenuto due <lb></lb>ſpecie di luoco, l'uno della grauezza & leggie<lb></lb>rezza loro, & l'altro della capacita, accio non ſi <lb></lb>riteneſſe il uacuo: onde che la raggione ſudetta <lb></lb>conchiude efficacemente, ne ſi puo ſciogliere con <lb></lb>queſia riſposta dil Picolomini. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Alla quarta ragione tolta dalla moltitudine <lb></lb>dell'animali aquatici, nega la conſeguenza, poi <lb></lb>che non ſia neceßario ſe bene il mare ſia piu fecon<lb></lb>do della terra, che reſti maggiore deßa terra con<lb></lb>cioſia coſa che in una piccola peſchiera grandißi<lb></lb>ma coppia di peſci ſinutriſca in che ſe haueſſe fat<lb></lb>to etiamdio mentione della maggior grandezza <lb></lb>oltre la moltitudine, hauerebbe dato maggior fe<lb></lb>de alla ſudetta ragione. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Alla quinta ragione tolta dal nauigare, riſpon<lb></lb>de al fine dilcapo nono, questo non auenire dalla <lb></lb>maggioranza dell'acqua, ma ſolamenti dalla sfe<lb></lb>ricita ſua, percioche l'acqua ſia sferica in che non <lb></lb>mi pare che riſponda a pieno, poiche quanto piu <lb></lb>l'acqua ſarà maggiore, piu toſto & facilmente ſi <lb></lb>cauſerà ſimil'effetto, ſi come tuttauia prouiamo <lb></lb>nelle terre & nelle Città che hanno monti o colli, <pb xlink:href="008/01/034.jpg" pagenum="34"></pb>oppoſti alla veduta nostra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Paſſando finalmente al decimo capo. </s> <s>s'ingegna <lb></lb>di atterrare l'auttorità d'Ariſtotile, fondata nel<lb></lb>la decupla proportione de gli elementi, con dire <lb></lb>che non ſi debba intendere della quantità de gli <lb></lb>elementi, ma ſolamenti delle qualità. </s> <s>concioſia <lb></lb>coſa che la quantità ſecondo i precetti d'Ariſto<lb></lb>tile non ſia principio attiuo. </s> <s>la cui riſpoſta quan<lb></lb>to ſia fuori di propoſito, lo riconoſcerebbe qual ſi <lb></lb>uoglia mediocre filoſofo, poiche nel primo della me <lb></lb>teora al teſto <emph type="roman"></emph>12.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> & <emph type="roman"></emph>13.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> l'indrizzi alla quanti<lb></lb>ta. </s> <s>ſe bene per darla meglio ad intendere, uſi del<lb></lb>la mutatione loro ſcambieuole, che procede dalle <lb></lb>prime qualità attiue & paßiue: con che ſi com<lb></lb>prende la materia prima che di prima era ſoget<lb></lb>to della terra, riceuere maggior estenſione et <expan abbr="quã-tità">quan<lb></lb>tità</expan>, quando nella corruttione di un pugno diter<lb></lb>ra uiene à riceuere la forma dell'acqua, percio<lb></lb>che riceua rarità maggiore, ſi come riceue denſi<lb></lb>tamaggiore <expan abbr="quãdo">quando</expan> de l'acqua ſi produce la terra: <lb></lb>il che ſe ſia uero, ſi come i migliori interpreti di <lb></lb>queſto luoco affermano, non mi poſſo imaginare <lb></lb>chi habbia indotto il Picolomini, di attribuire <lb></lb>queſta decupla proportione alle qualità de gli ele<lb></lb>menti, ſe bene la quantità ſpogliata dalla mate-<pb xlink:href="008/01/035.jpg" pagenum="35"></pb>ria & dalla forma non ſia principio attiuo, la <lb></lb>quale però non ha in queſta ragione luogo alcuno. <lb></lb></s> <s>Etuſando Aristotile della geometrica proportio<lb></lb>ne ſi può attribuire alla quantita ancora de gli <lb></lb>elementi. </s> <s>ſi come uiene ſcritto d'Ariſtotile nel li<lb></lb>bro ſecondo della generatione al testo <emph type="roman"></emph>37.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> & piu <lb></lb>oltre, doue inſegna eſſere gli elementi ſecondo la <lb></lb>quantita frà loro compar abili, ſi come ſono ſecon<lb></lb>do la uirtù & qualità loro. </s> <s>il che l'eſempio che <lb></lb>ſoggionge l'afferma. </s> <s>con dire che il ſenſo giudichi <lb></lb>non eſſere uguale la mole de gli elementi, poiche <lb></lb>l'acqua ſia della terra maggiore, ſi come l'aria è <lb></lb>maggiore dell'acqua, & il fuoco de l'aria: il che <lb></lb>ſe ſaranno inſieme par agonati etiamdio ſecondo <lb></lb>le parti dimostra, ſogiungendo eſſere poßibile, che <lb></lb>di uno pugno d'acqua ſe ne producano ſei di <lb></lb>aria, percioche la prima materia ſia la miſura <lb></lb>della quantita maggiore & minore, con laquale <lb></lb>ſi miſurano l'acqua & l'aria: con che paſſando <lb></lb>piu auanti, gli par agona ancora ſecondo le quali<lb></lb>tà loro. </s> <s>A che uorrei che haueſſe auertito il Pico<lb></lb>lomininel ſudetto capo. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Et perche nel capo undecimo riſponde alle auto<lb></lb>rita di Strabone & d'altri delle quali <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan> intendia<lb></lb>mo ſeruirſi, ſarà bene che paßiamo alle riſpoſte del <pb xlink:href="008/01/036.jpg" pagenum="36"></pb>l'vltima ragione con le ſopradette allegata. </s> <s>Alla <lb></lb>ragione adonque nella quale ſi diceua eſſer opi<lb></lb>nione famoſa della maggioranza dell'acqua, ri<lb></lb>ſponde anci eſſere famoſa, che la terra ſia mag<lb></lb>giore dell'acqua, il che gli concederei uolun<lb></lb>tieri, ſe foſſe piu antica & da piu ſaputi huo<lb></lb>miniriceuuta, il che non può eßere, eſſendo nuo<lb></lb>ua & non ancora da tutti approuata, con che <lb></lb>la fine dil preſente diſcorſo richiede, che con <lb></lb>maggior breuità & diligenza che ſara poßibile. <lb></lb></s> <s>ſi riſponda alle ragioni adotte in fauore della <lb></lb>ſua opinione, delle quali la prima era fondata <lb></lb>nella maggiore profondità della terra. </s> <s>laquale à <lb></lb>mio giudicio non conchiude, ſe ſia uero che del<lb></lb>l'acqua & della terra ſia composto un globo con<lb></lb>centrico, ſecondo il centro della grauezza & del <lb></lb>la <expan abbr="grãdezza">grandezza</expan>, il quale altro non ſia come lui uuo<lb></lb>le, che il centro dell'uniuerſo, con che eſſendo l'ac<lb></lb>qua in ogni sfera meſcolata con la terra, miſur an<lb></lb>do questo globo concentrico. </s> <s>neceſſario ſia che que <lb></lb>ſta miſura ſecondo la profondità non ſolamenti ſia <lb></lb>della terra, ma etiamdio dell'acqua, Et ſe poteſ<lb></lb>ſero unirſi tutte inſicme l'acque & congelandoſi <lb></lb>formar un globo ſeparato; reſtarebbe ſenza dub<lb></lb>bio maggiore il globo dell'acqua & piu uguale & <pb xlink:href="008/01/037.jpg" pagenum="37"></pb>continuo di quello della terra, ſecondo tutte le <lb></lb>ſue parti: à che ſiaggionge, eßere questa miſura <lb></lb>imaginaria, non eſſendo ancora miſurata la pro<lb></lb>portione della terra ſecondo la quantita che tiene <lb></lb>col Cielo & gli altri elementi. </s> <s>& ſepure ſe le con<lb></lb>cederà, reſtarà commune atutta l'uniner ſit à del<lb></lb>l'acqua, laquale è parte de questo globo, ſe ſia con <lb></lb>centrica ſecondo l'uno & l'altro centro, ſi come il <lb></lb>Picolomini afferma: il che non è uero, ſe ſia l'altra <lb></lb>parte diqueſto globo di ſpecie diuerſa dalla terra, <lb></lb>onde che hauendo la propria circonſcrittione ha<lb></lb>ura oltre il centro commune della grauezza il <lb></lb>proprio della ſua grandezza, ſi come ſi uede nel <lb></lb>le partidil corpo noſtro, lequali oltre il centro com<lb></lb>mune di tutto il corpo che Galeno ſtma eſſere l'um <lb></lb>bilico, hanno <expan abbr="etiãdio">etiandio</expan> il proprio centro della quan<lb></lb>tità loro, poiche ſianò parti diſtinte ſecondo la pro<lb></lb>pria circonſcrittione, da che uien tolta la difinitio <lb></lb>ne de ciaſcuna parte, non eßendo nel corpo noſtro <lb></lb>altro la parte ò ſia capo ò mano, che qùesla par<lb></lb>ticella che ha ottenuto certa & diſtinta. </s> <s>circon<lb></lb>ſcrittione, come dottamente inſegna Galeno ne i <lb></lb>ſuoi libri del uſo & ufficio delle partidil corpo hu<lb></lb>mano: il che non conoſcendo il Picolomini ſeguen<lb></lb>do i mathematici ha confuſo il centro propio del-<pb xlink:href="008/01/038.jpg" pagenum="38"></pb>la magnitudine delle parti di ſpecie & natura dif<lb></lb>ferenti col centro commune di tutto il corpo com <lb></lb>poſto d'eſſe parti. </s> <s>& coſi auenne à coloro che nel <lb></lb>trattare le coſe d'importanza attendano ſolamen<lb></lb>te alle regole generali. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſeconda ragione fondata nella <expan abbr="quãtita">quantita</expan> del <lb></lb>li uapori non ſi admette, poiche in molti altri mo<lb></lb>di l'acque ſiano continuamente generate in que<lb></lb>ſlomondo inferiore, come dall'eshalationi terre<lb></lb>ne, dal aere contenuto nelle uiſcere & faccia della <lb></lb>terra. </s> <s>come l'Agricola diligentemente narra nel <lb></lb>ſuo libro dell'acque. </s> <s>A che ſi può aggiongere, che <lb></lb>della continua corruttione de gli altri elementi di <lb></lb>nuouo ſia neceßario che ſi producano l'acque, ſi <lb></lb>come della corruttione dell'acqua gli altri ſi pro<lb></lb>ducano, eſſendo nell'uniuerſità de gli elementi co<lb></lb>me dell'altre coſe corruttibili, la corrutione del <lb></lb>vno, la generatione de l'altro, & la generatione <lb></lb>del unola corrutionede, l'altroaccio ſi perpetui in <lb></lb>infinito lageneratione di tutte queſte coſe mortali. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La terza ragione fondata nel fluſſo & refluſ<lb></lb>ſo dil mare non conchiude, poiche ſolamenti com<lb></lb>prenda l'acque dilmare, lequali concediamo eſſe<lb></lb>re minori della terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quarta ragione preſa dall'eminenza della <pb xlink:href="008/01/039.jpg" pagenum="39"></pb>terra, non ba tutta quella forza che il Picolomi<lb></lb>ni ſicrede, poiche incio il ſenſo <expan abbr="c'ingãniper">c'inganniper</expan> laine<lb></lb>qualità maggiore della ſuperficie della terra, di <lb></lb>cuiè più ugualmente sferica l'acqua. </s> <s>onde che la <lb></lb>terra ſe haueſſe sfericità perfetta, non ſarebbe <lb></lb>in luogo alcuno piu eminente della terra, poiche <lb></lb>ſia neceſſario ſecondo la qualità motiua che reſti <lb></lb>contigua all'aria & anco ſecondo la freddezza <lb></lb>ſua, accio poſſa contemperare il calore dell'aria <lb></lb>& dil fuoco, per la conſeruatione ditutte queſte <lb></lb>coſe inferiori. </s> <s>A che ſiaggionge ancora nella ſom<lb></lb>mita delli monti ritrouarſiacque & le neui con<lb></lb>tinue, lequali con gli uapori acquei circondano <lb></lb>tuttala ſuperficie della terra. </s> <s>talmente che non <lb></lb>ſia uero, benche molte acque ſi profondino nelle <lb></lb>concauita della terra, che la terra ſia piu emi<lb></lb>nente dell'acqua; à che ſegue che non ſia della <lb></lb>terra minore. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La quinta ragione della continenza dil luogo, <lb></lb>non è à propoſito, ſe ſia uero che altramenti reſti<lb></lb>no ne l'ordine dell'uniuerſo collocati gli elementi, <lb></lb>ſi che lorbe della Luna contenga il fuoco, & il fuo<lb></lb>co l'aria, & l'aria l'acqua, & l'acqua la terra, co<lb></lb>me nel <emph type="roman"></emph>4.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> libro della Fiſica alteſto <emph type="roman"></emph>6.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end> ſiuede. </s> <s>accio <lb></lb>non ſiamo astretti ſotto la terra porre altro corpo <pb xlink:href="008/01/040.jpg" pagenum="40"></pb>ſopra ilqual ripoſi, & di mano in màno un'altro <lb></lb>in infinito; il che doi tutti li ſiloſoſi & mathema<lb></lb>tici è stimato impoßibile onde ſe bene la terra <lb></lb>ſècondo le parti diuiſe dell'acqua & con lei me<lb></lb>ſcolatà ſi dice eſſere il luogo dell'acqua non ſarà <lb></lb>già ſecondo tutta l'vniuer ſit à loro. </s> <s>poì ch'eſſendo <lb></lb>il centro dell'uniuerſo indiuiſibile non poſſa eſſer'<lb></lb>il continente della terra ſe bene ſia il termine al <lb></lb>quale ſi moue & nel quale ſi ripoſa. </s> <s>come Ariſto<lb></lb>tile nel fine del libro <emph type="roman"></emph>2.<emph.end type="roman"></emph.end>del Cielo inſegna. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſeſtar agione fondata nel dominio della ter<lb></lb>ra ne i corpi miſti, tanto animati come inanima<lb></lb>ti, non porta ſeco neceßità alcuna, poiche queſto <lb></lb>non ſia auenuto per eſſere la terra maggiore, ma <lb></lb>ſi bene accio li corpi reſtando fermi & ſodi ſi po<lb></lb>teſſero conſeruare, concioſia coſa che con la me<lb></lb>deſima raggione ſarebbe neceſſario, che il fuoco <lb></lb>eſſendo maggiore di tutti gli elementi, che pre<lb></lb>dominaſſe nelli corpi naturali, il che pero non è <lb></lb>uero. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>La ſettima ragione fondata nella diſtanza ò <lb></lb>ſia profondità ſecondo il centro, non stringe mol<lb></lb>to, ſe ſia uero che l'acqua per la maggior parte <lb></lb>ſia contenuta nelle uiſcere della terra, ſi che re<lb></lb>ſsti formato un globo concentrico dell'acqua & <pb xlink:href="008/01/041.jpg" pagenum="41"></pb>della terra, ſecondo il proprio & medeſimo cen<lb></lb>tro. </s> <s>percioche la profondità ſarà uguale & com<lb></lb>muǹe all'acqua & alla terra. </s> <s>paſſandoſi ancora <lb></lb>per l'altezza dell'acque che ſi profondano ſino al <lb></lb>centro della terra, ilquale è diuiſibile, a differen<lb></lb>za dil centro dell'uniuerſo, ilquale è termine del<lb></lb>li corpi graui, non che luogo continente, poiche ſe <lb></lb>condo la continenza non poſſa eſſere uguale ad <lb></lb>alcuno corpo. </s> <s>non è adonque queſta proſondità <lb></lb>propria della terra, ma di queſto globo concen<lb></lb>trico compoſto dell'acqua aere, fuoco, & della ter<lb></lb>ra: laquàle uenendo diuiſa in tre sfere, in qual <lb></lb>ſi ſia di loro ſi ritrouano molt'acque, ſi come ſi ri<lb></lb>troua aria & fuoco ancora. </s> <s>percioche ſecondo la <lb></lb>ſentenza di Plotino ſenza mezo non ſi poteua <lb></lb>dell'acqua & della terra formarſi un globo. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>L'ottauar agione con che unole l'acqua eſſere <lb></lb>concentrica con la terra ſi anulla con la distin<lb></lb>tione dil centro commune & proprio della gran<lb></lb>dezza, ſe bene ſi conceda eſſere l'acqua concen<lb></lb>trica ſecondo il centro della grauezza, poiche <lb></lb>ſia impoßibile, che natur almente un corpo ſia luo<lb></lb>go de due corpi, non poſſendoſi un luogo ſe non <expan abbr="uio-lentemẽte">uio<lb></lb>lentemente</expan> attribuirſe a due corpi, ſecondola ſcuo-<pb xlink:href="008/01/042.jpg" pagenum="42"></pb>la de peripatetici: non reſtando adonque l'acqua <lb></lb>nel ſuo luoco naturalmente collocata, non ſarà <lb></lb>in modo alcuno concentrica con la terra ſecon<lb></lb>do il centro della grandezza, Et che non ſia <lb></lb>veramente concentrica ſi può con l'auttorità <lb></lb>di Euclide prouare, poiche ſecondo il Picolo<lb></lb>mini reſta di circonferenza è cerchio minore <lb></lb>della terra, concioſia coſa che per lo theorema <lb></lb>ſesto del terzo libro di Euclide. </s> <s>il centro de <lb></lb>cerchi che frà loro ſi toccano, è neceßario che <lb></lb>non ſia medeſimo. </s> <s>eſſendo adonque l'acqua sfe<lb></lb>rica ſe ben ſia minore della terra, ſarà il pro<lb></lb>prio cerchio contenuto ſecondo le ragioni dil Pico<lb></lb>lomini dal maggior cerchio della terra, con che <lb></lb>non haura il medeſimo centro. </s> <s>il che Aristotile <lb></lb>nel fine del ſecondo libro dilcielo uuole, poiche non <lb></lb>reſti l'acqua nel ſuo natio luogo ſi che circondi <lb></lb>tutta la circonferenza della terra: onde che non <lb></lb>puo ſecondo il centro della terra eſſer' concen<lb></lb>trica con eſſa terra. </s></p><p type="main"> <s>Non conchiudendo adonque le ragioni dil Pi<lb></lb>colomini, ſarà bene che abbracciamo la ſenten<lb></lb>za d' Ariſtotile, laquale Plinio, Strabone, Tolo<lb></lb>meo & molti filoſofi per tanti ſecoli hanno ſtima-<pb xlink:href="008/01/043.jpg" pagenum="43"></pb>ta uera, ſe bene non cuopra tutta la faccia del<lb></lb>la terra, ne ſi comprenda eſſere tanto profonda <lb></lb>come la terra: con che porrò fine al preſente di<lb></lb>ſcorſo, conbaſciare humilmente la real mano <lb></lb>di V.A.per la felicità di cui pregarò <lb></lb>il Sig. Dio noſtro Signore <lb></lb>in perpetuo. </s> </p><p type="main"> <s><emph type="center"></emph>IL FINE.<emph.end type="center"></emph.end></s></p><pb xlink:href="008/01/044.jpg"></pb> </chap> </body> <back></back> </text></archimedes>